Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Valorization of animal and plant-derived organic wastes for sustainable management of plant-parasitic nematodes","authors":"Mohammad Haris ,&nbsp;Salah-Eddine Laasli ,&nbsp;Mohammed Taoussi ,&nbsp;Touseef Hussain ,&nbsp;Faryad Khan ,&nbsp;Amir Khan ,&nbsp;Mohammad Shariq ,&nbsp;Moh Sajid Ansari ,&nbsp;Abrar Ahmad Khan ,&nbsp;Rachid Lahlali","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil application of organic wastes enhances soil health and induces microbial activity, creating conditions detrimental to phytopathogenic nematodes (PPNs) while improving plant growth. This review examines the practical application of various organic waste types including agricultural residues, livestock manure, and municipal waste for managing PPNs and reducing crop losses. These organic amendments contribute to PPN suppression by releasing nematicidal compounds, like volatile fatty acids, ammonia, and isothiocyanates improving soil structure, and enhancing nutrient availability. The paper provides and discusses the most known studies about the use of organic waste to reduce major PPN densities by 50–100 %, depending on the type of organic amendment, target nematode species, and environmental conditions. Overall, the use of organic waste as a PPN control strategy offers a sustainable and eco-friendly approach, promoting circular economy principles by transforming waste into valuable resources. Challenges related to quality control, pathogen transmission, and nutrient imbalances associated with large-scale applications are discussed, alongside potential solutions for optimizing efficacy and safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102661"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular diversity of “Huanglongbing” pathogens in endosymbionts, parasitoids and predator of psyllids in Coorg mandarin ecosystem in Western Ghats, India","authors":"V. Venkataravanappa ,&nbsp;G.S. Madhu ,&nbsp;B.M. Muralidhara ,&nbsp;A.T. Rani ,&nbsp;L. Manjunatha ,&nbsp;C.N. Lakshiminarayanareddy","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102650","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102650","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Coorg mandarin is a key ecotype citrus species cultivated in multi-tier cropping systems within coffee and pepper plantations in the Coorg region of India and faces considerable challenges from “huanglongbing” (HLB) transmitted by psyllids. Surveys showed that the HLB incidence ranges from 35 % to 64.2 % in Karnataka, 40 %–70 % in Tamil Nadu, and 30 %–60 % in Kerala among both seed-grown and grafted plants. This study identified four groups of psyllids, their associated endosymbionts (<em>Wolbachia</em> and ‘<em>Candidatus</em> Profftella armatura’), and two parasitoids (<em>Tamarixia radiata</em> and <em>Syrphophagus aphidivorus</em>), along with a predator (<em>Allograpta nasuta</em>), potentially influencing HLB dynamics. HLB detection in Coorg mandarin samples, based on vector and plant diagnostics, revealed four distinct groups (G1–G7) sharing over 97 % nucleotide identity with ‘<em>Candidatus</em> Liberibacter asiaticus’ strains infecting citrus globally. Further analysis of genetic variability through tandem repeat numbers (TRN) in the CLIBASIA_01645 locus showed TRN variation from 0 to 21 across the southern states, indicating significant genetic diversity among ‘<em>Ca.</em> L. asiaticus’ populations adapted to the specific ecological niche of Coorg mandarin groves. This is the first report characterizing psyllids, associated endosymbionts, parasitoids, and predators in the Coorg mandarin ecosystem.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102650"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic mapping of quantitative trait loci conferring resistance to race 4 of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)","authors":"Qingguo Sun,&nbsp;Liang Yan,&nbsp;Changjun Ge,&nbsp;Jinlan Li,&nbsp;Junfen Dai,&nbsp;Hao Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102660","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102660","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Black rot is one of the most serious bacterial diseases affecting cabbage, yet the genetic architecture underlying its resistance remains poorly characterized. To address this knowledge gap, we explored the quantitative trait loci controlling black rot resistance during the seedling stage in a mapping population generated from well-established resistant and susceptible cabbage lines. We applied a mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model, utilizing a joint analysis method across multiple generations, which revealed that the resistance to black rot in cabbage is controlled by two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects, as well as multiple additive-dominant genes. Subsequently, we employed bulked-segregant analysis (BSA-seq) and QTL-mapping methods to identify the loci associated with black rot resistance using an F₂ population. In total, we identified eleven candidate loci responsible for black rot resistance on several chromosomes, including C03, C04, C07, C08, and C09. Furthermore, we performed a multi-layered investigation of the top candidate genes within these loci, analyzing their dynamic expression levels in response to black rot disease and identifying multiple promising candidate genes. Our findings provide significant insights into the molecular mechanisms of black rot resistance in cabbage, establishing a foundation for marker-assisted breeding strategies and functional genomic studies targeting this economically important trait.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102660"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143637701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis and role of nanoparticles as immunomodulators against plant biotic stress: Insights into Fusarium wilt management","authors":"Debjyoti Bandhu Banerjee ,&nbsp;Surbhi Shriti ,&nbsp;Anirban Bhar","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global population outburst, xenobiotic activity and rapid urbanization challenges agricultural production heavily. Moreover, biotic stress caused by diverse group of pathogens subdued the crop yield dramatically. Among different pathogens, <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> is a prominent pathogen of cosmopolitan distribution responsible for wilt disease. The fusarial wilt accounts for severe (10–100 %) yield loss for which global agricultural market faces huge economic losses. Scientists constantly tried to contain the wilt disease effectively in multifaceted approach. Most of the work concentrated towards resistance development through genetic manipulation or breeding with the resistant background. Although, effective but due to rapid mutation capability of the pathogen and gene segregation in plants; resistance losses in subsequent generations naturally. Similarly, chemical fungicides are also widely used, tolerance to the particular chemical fungicides gradually diminishes their effectivity. In such situation nanoparticles have emerged as one of the potent alternatives due to their unique chemistry and wonderful biological activities. The nanoparticles can be synthesized chemically or biologically. Due to their high reactive nature and activity in very low concentration, there are minimum ecological, environmental and non-specific biological toxicity. Biosynthesized nanoparticles are further safe and revolutionized the plant immunochemistry immensely. Recently, the direct interaction of nanoparticles with the plant immune response has also been documented. Hence, the present review sheds light on the unique immunomodulatory effect of nanoparticles during plant biotic stress and also comprehensively analyses its potential role in <em>Fusarium</em> wilt management. The review not only highlights different approaches of synthesis, application and delivery of nanoparticles against pathogen with the special reference to <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em>, it also envisages relevant research questions to shape the future direction of the related study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143619437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Azelaic acid enhances tomato resistance to Alternaria solani via defense responses and lignin biosynthesis","authors":"Mostafa Haghpanah ,&nbsp;Nadali Babaeian Jelodar ,&nbsp;Hamid Najafi Zarrini ,&nbsp;Ali Pakdin-Parizi ,&nbsp;Ali Dehestani","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) yield is drastically lowered by <em>Alternaria solani</em>-induced early blight. This study evaluates azelaic acid as a resistance inducer against <em>A. solani</em> in susceptible tomatoes, with emphasis on defense mechanisms and lignin biosynthesis. Pathogenesis-related (PR) enzyme activities (e.g., PAL, LOX, chitinase, laccase, β-1,3-glucanase), phenolic and flavonoid compounds, and lignin deposition were measured after azelaic acid treatment and pathogen infection under controlled greenhouse conditions. qRT-PCR was used to determine gene expression of defense-related transcription factors (<em>SINAC1</em>, <em>SIWRKY1</em>, <em>SIMAPK3</em>, <em>TPK1b</em>) and defense genes for lignin biosynthesis, and lignin deposition was assessed by histology and spectrophotometry. Azelaic acid significantly suppressed disease severity, with LOX, chitinase, and laccase activities restored during infection, and PAL and laccase activities optimized at 24–48 h post-inoculation (hpi). PPO activity was 11.19 U/mg protein.min⁻¹ in inoculated plants at 96 hpi. Phenolic and flavonoid contents were high at 12 hpi in treated plants, whereas lignin deposition and gene expression (e.g., <em>PAL</em>) were highest in inoculated plants, further enhanced by azelaic acid-induced lignification. Increased lignin deposition, strengthening physical defenses, was also confirmed by histological analysis. These results affirm that tomato resistance against <em>A. solani</em> is induced by azelaic acid through the induction of PR enzymes, regulation of lignin biosynthesis, and defense gene expression. This multi-faceted approach highlights the potential of azelaic acid as an eco-friendly method of managing early blight disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102654"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of suitable reference gene for gene expression studies in maize-downy mildew pathosystem","authors":"Benjamine William P. Cordez ,&nbsp;Edward Cedrick J. Fernandez ,&nbsp;Jen Daine L. Nocum ,&nbsp;Fe M. Dela Cueva ,&nbsp;Anand Noel C. Manohar ,&nbsp;Darlon V. Lantican","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102656","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102656","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maize is the Philippines' second most valuable staple crop based on overall value and total area planted. Local maize production is hampered by the Philippine downy mildew (DM) disease caused by the pathogen <em>Peronosclerospora philippinensis</em> (Weston) Shaw, causing substantial losses annually. Several studies have already reported and proposed candidate DM-resistance genes that may help maize suppress the progression and effects of DM. Nevertheless, the roles of these genes need to be validated further in terms of their effect on DM resistance. One of the most crucial steps in validating gene expression analysis is the identification of suitable and stable reference genes to be used as internal controls in such experiments. Hence, this study assessed the suitability of 10 genes (<em>α-TUB, β-TUB, 18S, 25S, ACT1, CUL, FPGS, MEP, UBI,</em> and <em>UBCP</em>) to be used as reference genes in gene expression analysis studies in maize-downy mildew pathosystem. RNA extraction, complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) of mock- and DM-infected, DM-susceptible (Pi23) and DM-resistant maize (CML431) were performed. Analysis of the C_q values of the genes using statistical measures of variability identified <em>CUL</em> and <em>UBI</em> to be the most stable reference genes. However, based on the comprehensive ranking of RefFinder, <em>MEP</em> was the most stable reference gene. Thus, <em>MEP</em> will be used for the subsequent validation of candidate DM-resistance and DM-susceptibility factors in response to DM infection in maize.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102656"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacillus velezensis YN2111 reveals the potential role of amine oxidase in Fusarium wilt response in Cavendish bananas","authors":"Hongwei Yu ,&nbsp;Guangdong Zhou ,&nbsp;Wenlong Zhang ,&nbsp;Bonaventure Aman Omondi ,&nbsp;Alberto Cenci ,&nbsp;Kunhua Liu ,&nbsp;Juhua Liu ,&nbsp;Huacai Fan ,&nbsp;Shu Li ,&nbsp;Mathieu Rouard ,&nbsp;Si-Jun Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB)—a soil-borne disease caused by <em>Fusarium oxysporum</em> f. sp. <em>cubense</em> (<em>Foc</em>) especially tropical race 4 (TR4)—poses a significant threat to the banana industry. Biological control is a primary strategy for preventing and controlling FWB. In this study, we isolated <em>Bacillus velezensis</em> YN2111 and found that YN2111's metabolic composition exhibits biocontrol properties, including promoting banana growth and inhibiting TR4 <em>in vitro</em>. However, greenhouse pot experiments and laser scanning confocal microscopy revealed that YN2111 can exacerbate FWB by facilitating the entry of TR4 into the plant roots. We speculate that a specific interaction exists among YN2111, Cavendish banana, and TR4. To explore this interaction, we conducted transcriptome sequencing of 64 banana root samples under four different treatments (CK, YN2111, TR4, and YN2111+TR4) at four time points. We subsequently identified a key gene through STEM analysis of DEGs, which encodes a banana amine oxidase (containing copper) involved in the catabolism of polyamines, designated as <em>MuAo</em> (TPM &lt;1). This gene was cloned, and subsequently RT-qPCR results showed that the Ct values of <em>MuAo</em> in samples treated with YN2111 were similar to those in the negative control (using a water template), suggesting that YN2111 treatment effectively inhibited <em>MuAo</em> expression. Combining RT-qPCR results with further inference from literatures, the <em>MuAo</em> may be related to the basal defense of banana, we concluded that YN2111 can block the expression of <em>MuAo</em> in banana roots, suggesting that <em>MuAo</em> could potentially be involved in the process by which YN2111 facilitates the entry of TR4 into the banana roots. Finally, we discussed a novel interaction among YN2111, banana, and TR4, with the outcomes of this research offering a better understanding of <em>Bacillus</em> spp. in biocontrol and microbial-plant interactions, and providing new insights into the exploration of resistance genes against FWB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102653"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143686213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant health dynamics in accordance with climate change","authors":"S Mohanapriya ,&nbsp;S Vanitha ,&nbsp;V Geethalakshmi ,&nbsp;S Pazhanivelan ,&nbsp;K P Ragunath ,&nbsp;V Sendhilvel ,&nbsp;G Vanitha","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102655","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102655","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is reshaping plant-pathogen dynamics worldwide. Shifts in weather factors like temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, and atmospheric CO₂ are altering pathogen distribution patterns and behavior. Environmental stressors exacerbate plant susceptibility to diseases, leading to increased outbreaks and severity of crop diseases. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for predicting and mitigating future disease outbreaks. In this review paper, the interaction between weather factors and the behavior of plant pathogens with their hosts is discussed. Also, this review highlights the integration of eco-friendly management practices for minimizing environmental degradation and enhancing soil health and biodiversity conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Botrytis cinerea protease activity removes the chitin-binding domain of a major grapevine chitinase, abolishing its antifungal activity","authors":"Angela Bolzonello ,&nbsp;Ilaria Battisti ,&nbsp;Silvio Tundo ,&nbsp;Aderito Tomas Pais Da Cunha ,&nbsp;Matteo Marangon ,&nbsp;Simone Vincenzi ,&nbsp;Antonio Masi ,&nbsp;Luca Sella ,&nbsp;Nathalie Poussereau ,&nbsp;Francesco Favaron","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chitinases are crucial components of plant defence against fungal pathogens, hydrolyzing chitin in fungal cell walls and triggering immune responses. <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, a highly destructive necrotrophic fungal pathogen causing grey mould disease on several crops, employs sophisticated strategies to counteract plant defence mechanisms, including neutralizing pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins like chitinases. This study elucidates how <em>B. cinerea</em> cleaves the major grapevine chitinase IV (UniProt Q7XAU6) contained in grape berries and leaves. The pathogen secretes protease that cleaves the N-terminal chitin-binding domain (CBD) of the 31 kDa chitinase, generating a 28 kDa intermediate and eventually a 26 kDa product. The final product lacks antifungal activity against spore germination and hyphal elongation, despite retaining approximately 50 % of its enzymatic activity. The inhibition of the 28 kDa intermediate's cleavage by a metalloprotease inhibitor suggests that a deuterolysin-type protease may be responsible for releasing the 26 kDa product. During <em>B. cinerea</em> infection of grapevine leaves, chitinase IV expression is induced, with the protein accumulating as the infection progresses and declining in fully necrotized tissue. The cleaved form of the protein was also detected in infected tissues. This proteolytic mechanism complements other strategies employed by <em>B. cinerea</em> to overcome the grapevine chitinase defence, highlighting the complex molecular interplay between the pathogen and its host and the adaptability of this fungus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogenic silver nanoparticles to control rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae","authors":"Muhammad Shahid ,&nbsp;Paul K. Goetze ,&nbsp;Usman Shafqat ,&nbsp;Young-Ki Jo","doi":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102636","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102636","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> is one of the most important diseases, increasing economic threats to rice production across the globe. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a preventive measure to mitigate rice blast. The AgNPs were biologically synthesized by using the bacterial culture supernatant of <em>Kocuria</em> species, and their synthesis was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) with maximum absorbance at 420 nm. The biogenic AgNPs were further characterized with Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). FTIR spectra indicated the presence of C ≡ N, C = C, and N-H stretching. XRD indicated a distinct crystallite nature well as the average nanoparticle size as 3.07 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed agglomerated and irregular shaped nanoparticles. In vitro antifungal activity showed that mycelial growth and conidial germination of <em>M. oryzae</em> significantly decreased by AgNPs. Their antifungal effects were greater than propiconazole, a demethylation inhibitor fungicide commonly used for rice diseases. In the greenhouse experiment, symptoms of rice blast significantly reduced by 28.53 %, 41.02 % and 78.23 % less in lesion development at 10, 20, and 30 ppm AgNP foliar application, respectively, as compared to the untreated control. This study introduces a novel approach to combating rice blast disease by AgNPs, biosynthesized by <em>Kocuria</em> species. The research highlights both the environmental outcomes of this green synthesis method and its effectiveness against <em>M. oryzae</em>, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional fungicides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20046,"journal":{"name":"Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology","volume":"138 ","pages":"Article 102636"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143591460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}