Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiology and risk factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection in the mountainous areas of Longsheng County, Guangxi: insights from automated machine learning.","authors":"Xiaowen Li, Yu Chen, Guoyang Huang, Xuerong Sun, Gang Mo, Xiaohong Peng","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08470-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08470-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis) is mainly prevalent in Northeast and South China, with Guangxi being the most severely affected region. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and identify the risk factors of C. sinensis infection in Longsheng County, a mountainous area in northern Guangxi. In 2023, a comprehensive study was conducted in Longsheng County, utilizing longstanding inhabitants as study participants. Questionnaires were employed to gather data on fish consumption, awareness of C. sinensis, and residential coordinates, while fecal examinations were utilized to identify C. sinensis infection. Important risk factors for the C. sinensis infection were identified through the development of individual infection risk models using automated machine learning techniques. A total of 740 fecal samples were collected, revealing an overall C. sinensis infection rate of 69.59%. The gradient boosting machine (GBM) was the most accurate predictor with an area under the precision-recall Curve (AUPRC) of 0.997. The model identified years of raw fresh fish consumption, frequency of raw fresh fish consumption, elevation, and water distance as the top four predictors of C. sinensis infection risk. In conclusion, our study has revealed a high infection rate of C. sinensis in the mountainous areas of Longsheng County, with adults, men, and farmers particularly susceptible to both high incidence and infection severity. We developed a high-performance predictive model for individual C. sinensis infection within the county, identifying the key risk factors for local infections. These findings offer valuable guidance for the control and prevention of clonorchiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 3","pages":"26"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kato-Katz versus urine POC-CCA for the diagnosis of Schistosoma mansoni in preschool-aged children in Homa Bay County, Kenya.","authors":"Phyllis Munyiva Isaiah, Bryan Nyawanda, Collins Okoyo, Peter Steinmann","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08467-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08467-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis of schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children (PSAC) is challenging. The point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) assay offers potential improvements in diagnostic access in hard-to-reach areas over the conventional Kato-Katz (KK) test. This study compared the diagnostic accuracy of KK versus POC-CCA in stool and urine samples from PSAC in a PSAC population residing in a S. mansoni endemic hard-to-reach area in Kenya. Using combined positive results of both KK and POC-CCA tests as the \"gold standard,\" the overall sensitivity of KK (57.6%; 95% CI, 49.1-65.8) was significantly lower than that of POC-CCA (73.2%; 95% CI, 65.0-80.4); <math><msubsup><mi>χ</mi> <mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msubsup> </math> = 5.88, p = 0.015. There was moderate agreement between KK and the combined results (k = 0.599, p < 0.001, concordance 80.9%) and a substantial agreement between POC-CCA and the combined results (k = 0.753, p < 0.001, concordance 88.1%). POC-CCA is a more sensitive diagnostic tool for schistosomiasis surveillance in PSAC compared to KK, particularly in hard-to-reach endemic areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"25"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11845413/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143468366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro analysis of the activities of commercial anthelmintics in the presence of inhibitors of xenobiotic detoxification pathways in Haemonchus contortus exsheathed L3 stage.","authors":"Magdalena Nieves, Gerardo Duarte, Jenny Saldaña, María Elisa Melian, Beatriz Munguía","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08468-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08468-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Haemonchus contortus is a pathogenic nematode that infects small ruminants. Chemotherapy is the main treatment for these parasitic infections, but the rapid rise of drug resistance calls for the development of new anthelmintics. To support this, optimizing screening assays is vital for identifying new drugs. The exsheathed L3 (xL3) stage of H. contortus is often used in in vitro evaluations; however, it has been observed that it is less sensitive than the adult stage, possibly due to enhanced detoxification pathways. To explore this hypothesis, inhibitors of xenobiotic detoxification pathways were tested on the activity (IC₅₀) of four anthelmintics-monepantel (MOP), levamisole (LEV), ivermectin (IVM), and albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ SO)-in xL3 using an automated motility assay. The inhibitors used were piperonyl butoxide (PBO) for phase I metabolism, 5-nitrouracil (5-NU) for phase II metabolism, and zosuquidar (ZOS) inhibiting efflux transport proteins. PBO increased MOP IC₅₀, likely due to reduced formation of the active metabolite monepantel sulfone. IC₅₀ of MOP with 5-NU and IVM with PBO were both diminished, suggesting differences in metabolism between xL3 and the existing reports for the adult stage. Coincubation of LEV and IVM with ZOS also reduced IC₅₀, confirming previous studies. ABZ SO was unaffected by the inhibitors. The use of inhibitors of xenobiotic detoxification pathways led to significant changes in the in vitro activity of the anthelmintics evaluated in H. contortus xL3 stage. Further studies, as ex vivo parasite diffusion assays in the xL3 stage, should be conducted to directly assess the impact on detoxification pathways.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"24"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842493/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Fasciola infection dynamics in Coastal Caspian Sea region: implications of growing degree days (GDD) and Malone index across varied climatic zones in Iran.","authors":"Behnam Meshgi, Galia Modabbernia, Kourosh Meshgi","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08465-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08465-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasciolosis, a neglected tropical disease caused by Fasciola spp., is a global parasitic infection whose prevalence is on the rise, particularly in warmer regions with favorable temperature and humidity conditions. This study examines the temporal presence of Fasciola spp. in various climatic zones across Iran, focusing on Gilan province as an endemic area. We calculated the Malone index for 5-year intervals spanning significant epidemics in 1988 and 1999 in Gilan, as well as 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. The results revealed a significant increase in Malone indices during August, September, and October in 1988, indicating a higher risk for Fasciola presence than in other months. These months were categorized as moderate risk. In 1999, September exhibited moderate risk, while October was classified as low risk. The risk levels remained relatively low in 2005, with the highest value in September and October. Similarly, October and September showed the highest risks in 2010, while October was identified as highly risky in 2015. In 2020, August displayed a higher risk, while September, October, and November indicated low risk. The analysis highlights the variability of risk levels across different years, with September and October consistently appearing as months with a higher probability of Fasciola presence. Conversely, the risk diminishes from January to July, which is considered a low-risk period in the region. Interestingly, a comparison with three different geographical regions in central, southern, and western Iran revealed that the Malone index was zero in all months of the year, except for two cases, suggesting unfavorable conditions for Fasciola presence in these areas. This research sheds light on the complex interplay between climatic variables and the presence of Fasciola spp., with the potential to inform the development of targeted strategies for preventing and controlling this parasite in Gilan province, a known hotspot for fasciolosis, as well as in other regions with similar climatic conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological determination of Trypanosoma cruzi in northern region of the State of Mexico.","authors":"José Miguel Padilla-Valdez, Alberto Antonio-Campos, Yessenia Montes-Vergara, José Luis González-Quiroz, María Lilia Domínguez-López, Fernando Martínez-Hernández, Fernando Buendía-Salcedo, Felipe Bolaños-Rosales, Ricardo Alejandre-Aguilar, Nancy Rivas","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08464-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08464-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, remains a significant public health problem in Mexico, particularly challenging to diagnose during its chronic phase, due to low parasitemia and the complex immune response. According to the Pan American Health Organization, no single test is sufficiently sensitive or specific to reliably detect chronic Chagas disease, requiring the use of multiple serological methods when results are inconclusive. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of Chagas disease in the largely uncharted municipalities of the North of State of Mexico. A total of 250 serum samples from 17 municipalities were analyzed using a comprehensive approach involving three serological tests: the BIO-CHAGAS commercial kit (MEXLAB®), an ELISA test with antigens derived from an endemic strain, and a confirmatory Western blot analysis. The results revealed that 240 samples were negative, 3 were inconclusive, and 7 were positive, yielding a seroprevalence rate of 2.8% (7/250). The endemicity demonstrated in the municipalities of Hueypoxtla and Tequixquiac, combined with the documented presence of the vector Triatoma barberi in these areas, suggests an ongoing risk of T. cruzi transmission. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted public health interventions, including increased surveillance, community awareness, vector control programs, screening tests to identify cases, and prompt treatment, to curb the spread of Chagas disease in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11835914/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143441668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Roles of efflux pumps and nitroreductases in metronidazole-resistant Trichomonas vaginalis.","authors":"Ana Paunkov, Doris Strasser, Philipp Huber, David Leitsch","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08463-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08463-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichomonas vaginalis infections significantly impact public health and are associated with increased likelihood of HIV infection, prostate cancer, and pregnancy complications. Current treatment relies almost exclusively on 5-nitroimidazoles, particularly metronidazole, raising concerns about drug resistance and treatment efficacy. This study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of metronidazole and tinidazole on metronidazole-resistant strains of T. vaginalis and at determining whether efflux pump inhibitors could reverse metronidazole resistance. Additionally, the roles of nitroreductases in metronidazole resistance were also studied. Metronidazole and tinidazole were tested on both metronidazole-sensitive and -resistant T. vaginalis strains. A checkerboard assay was conducted to assess the potential synergy between metronidazole or tinidazole and efflux pump inhibitors. Nitroreductase activity and ferric iron reduction assays were employed to study the functions of nitroreductases. Tinidazole demonstrated better effectiveness against metronidazole-resistant strains compared to metronidazole, with lower minimal lethal concentration levels. However, the tested efflux pump inhibitors did not significantly enhance the efficacy of metronidazole or tinidazole. Pyrimethamine showed some activity but did not improve the efficacy of the 5-nitroimidazoles in combination. Investigations into the role of nitroreductases and other enzymes in metronidazole resistance revealed no clear downregulation trend in resistant strains. Notably, nitroreductase 8 was capable of reducing ferric iron. While tinidazole remains a viable alternative for treating metronidazole-resistant T. vaginalis, efflux pump inhibitors do not effectively reverse resistance. The identification of nitroreductase's 8 iron-reducing activity suggests its involvement in metronidazole resistance mechanisms. This finding highlights the need for continued research to develop new treatment strategies and improve the management of trichomoniasis, ultimately reducing its public health burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"21"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143399732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New data on the life cycle of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (Travassos, 1914) (Nematoda: Heligmosomidae): development of eggs and larval stages in the intestine of naturally infected Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769).","authors":"María Teresa Galán-Puchades, Mercedes Gómez-Samblás, María Trelis, Antonio Osuna, Rubén Bueno-Marí, Sandra Sáez-Durán, David Bruce Conn, Màrius V Fuentes","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08462-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08462-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is an intestinal parasite of rodents with a worldwide distribution. Due to the similarities between its life cycle and that of the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, N. brasiliensis has been widely used as a model in experimental research. We provide new data on the embryonation and hatching processes of N. brasiliensis eggs, not in the soil, but in the large intestine of naturally infected Rattus norvegicus. The parasite was investigated in 109 rats trapped in urban and periurban areas of Valencia, Spain. Rats were preserved at - 20 °C. After thawing, all the rat organs were examined. The contents of the large intestine were analysed by the Midi-Parasep® technique. N. brasiliensis (adult prevalence 69.72%) was identified by morphological and molecular techniques. Parasite eggs were found in 88.16% of the sediments. In addition to unembryonated eggs, eggs in different stages of embryonation were encountered in 67 of the 76 contents (88.16%). Free larval stages (L1 and more developed larvae) were also found in 47 of the 76 (61.84%) sediments studied. Filariform larval stages of N. brasiliensis were also sporadically detected in the lungs of the infected rats. According to our results, the development of eggs and larvae in the intestine of naturally infected rats opens up the possibility of autoinfection in the natural life cycle of N. brasiliensis, which could explain the high burdens of adult stages frequently found in the small intestine of infected rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11799119/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depicting \"arms race\" of Rhipicephalus microplus and its host on a single frame platform.","authors":"Arun Kumar De, Perumal Ponraj, Debasis Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08459-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08459-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To improve our knowledge on host-parasite interaction, the study was undertaken on Rhipicephalus microplus infestation in cross breed cattle. This tick, being a voracious blood sucker, remains attached to the skin for prolonged period and inoculates saliva during blood feeding. Biomolecules present in the saliva have detrimental effects on host system. The present study deals with the effects of R. microplus in artificially infected nine months old cattle for a period of 21 days. There was physiological alteration during tick infestation in terms of body temperature, pulse, and respiration rate. There was drop in haemoglobin gram percentage, platelet count, total red and white blood cell count. Thrombocytopenia in infested animals was suggestive of iron deficient anaemia after artificial infestation. R. microplus infestation was found to induce stress in experimental animals. Our study on peripheral blood gene expression was suggestive of Th2 polarization since there was increased IL-4 response. Increased IL-6 response indicated skin damage due to R. microplus infestation and we further correlate eosinophilia with up-regulation of IL-6 and IL-8 responses. Increased IL-10 response and decreased IFN-γ response were suggestive of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of tick saliva.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794405/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular survey of Hepatozoon spp. and piroplasmids in rodents and marsupials from midwestern Brazil, with evidence of a novel Piroplasmida clade (\"South American Rodentia\") in the echimyid rodent Thrichomys pachyurus.","authors":"Thábata Dos Anjos Pacheco, Daniel Antônio Braga Lee, Maerle Oliveira Maia, Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo, Ravena Fernanda Braga de Mendonça, Fernando Pedroni, Valéria Dutra, Luciano Nakazato, Rogério Vieira Rossi, Marcos Rogério André, Richard de Campos Pacheco","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08460-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08460-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The order Piroplasmida (e.g., Babesia, Theileria, Cytauxzoon, and Rangelia) and suborder Adelorina (e.g., Hepatozoon) comprise protozoa of the phylum Apicomplexa, which are related to significant economic, veterinary, and medical concerns. This study aimed to investigate the molecular occurrence and evaluate the phylogenetic placement of the Hepatozoon and Piroplasmida agents in small mammals (rodents and marsupials) in midwestern Brazil. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference positioned the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) sequences of Hepatozoon obtained from Hylaeamys megacephalus with those previously detected in Didelphis aurita from Brazil; however, the sequences of Hepatozoon retrieved from Nectomys rattus and Neacomys amoenus clustered in a sub-clade sister to a clade of sequences detected in small rodents from Brazil. Phylogenetic inference positioned the piroplasmid 18S rRNA sequences detected in Thrichomys pachyurus in a single sub-clade sister to a clade containing sequences previously detected in the Phyllostomidae bat Phyllostomus discolor from midwestern Brazil. In contrast, the piroplasmid cytochrome b mitochondrial gene (cytB) sequences obtained from T. pachyurus clustered into a single clade. In conclusion, a new host record is provided for Hepatozoon spp. from the rodent N. amoenus. Furthermore, this study expanded the Piroplasmida order diversity by identifying novel genotypes in T. pachyurus rodents, which were genetically related to the piroplasmid clade found in Neotropical bats and named herein the \"South American Rodentia group.\"</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11794359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in insecticide resistance in natural populations of Culex quinquefasciatus and its impact on mosquito fitness in Dschang, West Cameroon.","authors":"Yacouba Poumachu, Michel Lontsi-Demano, Jehan Zeb, Joel Djoufounna, Borel Djiappi-Tchamen, Abeer Hashem, Reem Atalla Alajmi, Christelle Layelle Mochie, Herman Parfait Awono-Ambene, Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio, Timoléon Tchuinkam, Elsayed Fathi Abd-Allah","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08457-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08457-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific information about the dispersion of Culex quinquefasciatus from Dschang in western Cameroon is scarce, and evidence-based interventions are needed. Common use of larvicides and adulticides conduct to the development of vectors resistance which can lead to deep biological changes, including fitness costs. We assessed the profile of insecticide resistance in field populations of Cx. quiquefasciatus and its potential fitness cost in a lineage selected for deltamethrin and permethrin resistance in the laboratory for two generations. The resistance intensity of the Cx. quinquefasciatus population was moderated when the population was exposed to deltamethrin at 10 × . Preexposure to PBO led to the restoration of full susceptibility to both deltamethrin and permethrin. Compared with that of the control group, female fecundity rates, egg hatchability, and pupation rates were significantly lower in the insecticide exposed groups. Larval development time and adults emergence rates were comparable between insecticide-exposed groups and the control. Insecticide-exposed adults lived longer than control adults did. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms selected for pyrethroid resistance are associated with negative impacts on different life-trait parameters and support the hypothesis that insecticide resistance is related to a high fitness cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 2","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11785645/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}