Parasitology Research最新文献

{"title":"Do positions in individual-based ectoparasite-small mammal networks differ between female and male hosts?","authors":"Boris R Krasnov, Maxim V Vinarski, Natalia P Korallo-Vinarskaya, Michal Stanko","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08492-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-025-08492-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We investigated the contributions of female and male hosts to the structure of individual-based host-parasite networks, using 21 species of small mammals from two regions (West Siberia and eastern Slovakia) and two taxa of ectoparasitic arthropods (fleas and gamasid mites). We asked whether (a) the values of individual host position indices (individual strength, nested rank, the degree of individual specialization, and the eigenvector centrality) and individual host roles differed between female and male hosts in each network and (if yes) were associated with differences in the infestation levels, (b) differences between sexes (if any) were further translated into differences in the network structure (nestedness and network specificity), and (c) differences between female and male hosts in their positions and roles and the effect of these differences on the network structure differed between host-flea and host-mite networks. In the majority of individual-based host-ectoparasite networks, female and male hosts differed in their positions despite a general lack of differences in the infestation levels. The distribution of the roles played in a network mostly did not differ between sexes. The extent of position differences between sexes affected the structure of host-flea, but not host-mite, networks in terms of the network specificity. In addition, the occurrence and the direction of these differences (i.e., the greater value of the position index in either female or male hosts) often varied (a) between host-flea and host-mite networks in the same host, (b) between host species within host-flea and host-mite networks, and (c) between the two regions in the same host-flea or host-mite network. We conclude that differences in the positions of male and female hosts in individual-based host-parasite networks are mediated by host biology, parasite biology, and environmental factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 4","pages":"45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12040995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143975984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Rickettsia spp. in questing ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) from forest fragments adjacent to agricultural and livestock farms in Casanare, Colombia.","authors":"José Luis Rodríguez-Bautista, Patricia Fuya-Oviedo, Ard Menzo Nijhof, Lidia Chitimia-Dobler, Isaiah Obara, Adivaldo Fonseca","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08484-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-025-08484-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to describe the diversity of ixodid tick species in rural forest areas of Yopal and Aguazul, Department of Casanare, Colombia, and to evaluate the presence of tick-borne Rickettsia sp., potentially impacting animal and human health. A cross-sectional study was conducted on questing ticks collected from forested farm areas that keep livestock and/or conduct agricultural activities. All ticks were subjected to DNA extraction and tested by PCR amplifying fragments of three rickettsial genes: gltA, htrA, and ompA. A total of 852 individual ticks (larvae, nymphs, and adults) and 15 additional larvae clusters were collected and identified as Amblyomma mixtum, Amblyomma cf. parvum, Amblyomma dissimile, Amblyomma spp., and Dermacentor spp. Rickettsia organisms were detected by PCR in 7.0% (16/230) of the individual larvae, 0.2% (1/488) of the nymphs, and 1.5% (2/134) of the adults. \"Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi\" and Rickettsia amblyommatis were detected in 1.52% (13/852) and 0.47% (4/852) of the ticks, respectively. In addition, a novel genotype, Rickettsia sp. genotype Yopal, phylogenetically closest to Rickettsia canadensis, was identified in two A. mixtum males. Several tick and Rickettsia species were found in the study areas, suggesting the need for an in-depth study of nonspecific acute tropical febrile illness in the Department of Casanare and across Colombia. Priority areas for future studies include investigating the molecular, clinical, and epidemiological features of the presentation of tick species and the possible participation of \"Ca. R. colombianensi,\" R. amblyommatis, and \"Rickettsia sp. Yopal genotype of A. mixtum\" to understand their role in human rickettsiosis in the study region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 4","pages":"44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021727/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative microRNAs profile of Schistosoma japonicum male worms derived from single-sex and bisexual infections: Implications of the multifunctional role of microRNA.","authors":"Haoran Zhong, Danlin Zhu, Bowen Dong, Luobin Wu, Ke Lu, Zhiqiang Fu, Jinming Liu, Guiquan Guan, Yamei Jin","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08489-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-025-08489-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Schistosoma japonicum is a dioecious parasite that requires constant pairing between male and female worms for female maturation and egg production. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating various biological processes, including parasite development and host-pathogen interactions, but their functions in schistosomes remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) between mated male (MM) and single-sex male (SM) worms to gain insights into their regulatory roles in schistosome reproduction. Total RNA was extracted from 28-day-old MM and SM worms, followed by small RNA sequencing to identify DEMs. Bioinformatics analyses were used to predict the biological functions of DEM target genes. Comparative analysis with previously published miRNA datasets helped identify potentially significant miRNAs. Quantitative PCR (qPCR) validated the expression of selected miRNAs and mRNA levels of some target genes. A total of 20 DEMs were identified, with 9 upregulated in MM worms and 11 in SM worms. These DEMs may regulate processes such as intracellular transport, RNA processing, and cellular homeostasis. The study provides novel insights into the biological differences between SM and MM worms, suggesting that these miRNAs could be key regulators of parasite development and host adaptation, with potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications in schistosomiasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 4","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12021732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144039345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic examination of haemoparasites and the first molecular detection of Theileria equi in horses in Myanmar.","authors":"Yadanar Khaing, Lat Lat Htun, Kyaw San Linn, Win Ohnmar Kyaw, Theint Theint Nwae, Hla Myet Chel, Shwe Yee Win, Shiro Murata, Ryo Nakao, Nariaki Nonaka, Saw Bawm","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08488-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-025-08488-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study aimed to determine the prevalence of blood parasites in horses and identify risk factors and molecular detection of piroplasm species (Theileria equi and Babesia caballi) of horses in Myanmar. Blood samples (n = 302) were collected from five regions of Myanmar. Blood smears were screened for presence of piroplasms. Samples positive for piroplasms were subjected to molecular identification using primers specific to the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) of piroplasms. The overall prevalence of blood parasites (piroplasms, Trypanosoma spp., and microfilaria of Setaria equina) was 30.8% (93/302). The prevalence of piroplasms, Trypanosoma spp., and microfilaria of S. equina, were 22.5% (68/302), 8.3% (25/302), and 2.3% (7/302), respectively. Samples from Yangon (35.0%) and Mandalay (35.0%) showed the highest prevalence, followed by Northern Shan State, Ayeyarwady, and Nay Pyi Taw (33.9%, 25.0% and 24.6%, respectively). The hypothesized factors (age, sex, and breed) showed no significant association (p > 0.05) with the overall occurrence of blood parasites. Although no significant association (p > 0.05) was found between blood parameters (WBCs, RBCs, Hb, and HCT) and the presence of blood parasites, the negative group had a larger WBC count than the positive group. Molecular characterization of piroplasm of two obtained sequences confirmed Theileria equi. This is the first report on microscopic and molecular detection of T. equi in horses in Myanmar, and the findings provide baseline information for blood parasites in horses.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 4","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12011657/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144016793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light and electron microscopy of the pharynx and gastrodermis of the monogenean gill parasite Macrogyrodactylus clarii from the catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822).","authors":"Mohamed Mohamed El-Naggar, Safaa Zaky Arafa, Samir Ahmed El-Abbassy, Jo Cable","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08485-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08485-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The functional morphology of the digestive system in monogeneans is important in understanding feeding behaviour, dietary intake, and metabolic activity of the caecal epithelium. The present study used light and transmission electron microscopy to reveal detailed structure of the pharynx and gastrodermis of the viviparous gill monogenean Macrogyrodactylus clarii to compare with the congeneric skin monogenean Macogyrodactylus congolensis and other gyrodactylids. The basic components of the pharynx and gastrodermis of M. clarii are similar to M. congolensis. The pharynx comprises two regions: an anterior highly muscular region and a posterior glandular syncytium with 6 protrusible papillae. The syncytial epithelium lining the mouth and pharyngeal cavity is a modified layer with its own cell bodies, and not an extension of the general body tegument. Eversion of the pharynx has not been observed, but we postulate on the mechanism by which the pharynx and associated muscular structures function during feeding.TEM observations confirmed the similarity between the digestive system of M. clarii and M. congolensis with notable exceptions: the absence of melanin pigments and microorganism-like structures, presence of unique gastrodermis outgrowths, fibrotic vacuoles and small electron-dense secretory bodies and finally formation of deep intestinal crypts with numerous parallel intestinal lamellae in M. clarii. We discuss the possible roles of the luminal lamellar loops, gastrodermis outgrowths, deep intestinal crypts, lipid-like droplets, fibrotic vacuoles and different types of vesicles and vacuoles present in the gastrodermis cytoplasm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 4","pages":"41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of real-time PCR assays for diagnosing intestinal protozoa infections.","authors":"Christian N Lotz, Pierre H H Schneeberger, Maura Concu, Said M Ali, Emmanuel C Mrimi, Jennifer Keiser","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08483-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08483-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intestinal protozoa infections present a major public health challenge, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and limited access to clean water. Effective diagnostic methods are critical, yet traditional microscopy, though widely used for its simplicity, lacks the sensitivity and specificity of modern techniques like real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR), making the latter a more effective tool for monitoring and assessing the burden of intestinal protozoa diseases. In this study, we implemented two duplex qPCR assays to detect Entamoeba dispar + Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium spp. + Chilomastix mesnili, along with singleplex assays for Giardia duodenalis and Blastocystis spp., using a 10 µL reaction volume. This marks the first molecular detection of Chilomastix mesnili by qPCR, enhancing diagnostic precision. Using these, we analyzed stool samples from 70 patients on Pemba Island, Tanzania, before and 54 samples after treatment with 20, 25, or 30 mg of emodepside or placebo, aiming to assess protozoa prevalence for this region and emodepside's potential antiprotozoal effects. Our qPCR reliably detected protozoa in 74.4% of samples, with Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar in 31.4% of cases. Notably, one-third of these infections were caused by Entamoeba histolytica. No significant reduction in protozoa was observed after emodepside treatment compared to placebo. The study highlights the utility of qPCR in providing species-level differentiation and improving the speed and cost-effectiveness of testing. The high prevalence of protozoa in this region underscores the need for continued monitoring and control efforts, though emodepside was not effective against protozoa infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 4","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11978536/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Besnoitia was detected in the fecal samples of a cattery in Shenyang, China.","authors":"HaoYan Yang, TingTing Zhang, Hao Wang, LiHui Yu, BaoShan Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08469-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08469-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Besnoitia are a genus of cyst-forming protozoa, with cats serving as the definitive host for several species of Besnoitia. In order to gain insight into the epidemiology of Besnoitia infection in cats in catteries in Shenyang City, 58 fecal samples were collected from six catteries, and oocysts conforming morphologically to Besnoitia as well as Besnoitia ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) sequences were detected, confirming the presence of this parasite in a single cattery located in Shenyang, China. The ITS1 sequences were 100% identical to Besnoitia acinonyx. The findings of this study contribute to the existing epidemiological data on the disease, providing a valuable reference for the prevention and treatment of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 4","pages":"39"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11961452/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the host matter? Testing the impact of host identity on the microbiome of a trematode parasite.","authors":"Xuhong Chai, Priscila M Salloum, Robert Poulin","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08486-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08486-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Animal microbiomes have been recognized to have significant impact on animal behaviour, development, and health. For parasites, one of the sources of their associated microbes is likely their hosts, making host identity a potential factor explaining variation of microbial communities among conspecific parasites. Using the host-parasite system including the amphipod Paracalliope fluviatilis, and isopod Austridotea annectens, and their common trematode parasite Maritrema poulini, we hypothesized that host identity has an impact on the diversity and community composition of the microbiomes of M. poulini parasites. We focused on the bacterial component of the trematodes' microbiomes. We investigated the effect of host identity under both intraspecific (among individual isopods) and interspecific (between amphipods and isopods) host levels and predicted that the effect of host identity can be detected under both host hierarchical levels. We found an effect of host identity on both the diversity and community composition of parasite microbiomes between conspecific isopod hosts, while host identity only had an impact on microbiome community composition when comparing parasites infecting amphipod versus isopod hosts. Our study results show that host identity impacts both parasite microbiome composition and taxonomic diversity, providing indirect evidence that the assembly of parasite microbiomes is not merely random, and that horizontal transmission from the host to the parasite might play a key role in shaping parasite microbiomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 3","pages":"38"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11947000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling shifts in cervical microbiota composition among Colombian women in the presence of Trichomonas vaginalis: a longitudinal study.","authors":"Milena Camargo, Laura Vega, Marina Muñoz, Lauren Hernández-Buelvas, Leidy Pedraza, Indira M Báez-Murcia, Juan David Ramírez, Manuel Alfonso Patarroyo","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08482-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08482-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan affecting human reproductive health. Although bacterial coinfections have been associated with T. vaginalis infection outcomes, pertinent data are scarce. This study was aimed at assessing vaginal bacterial community changes regarding T. vaginalis outcomes (infection, clearance, persistence) during patients' follow-up visits. This was a 1-year follow-up study involving Colombian women who provided two cytological scrapings from the cervix (one at baseline and another at follow-up), having an average 12 ± 1 month follow-up interval. T. vaginalis was detected by conventional PCR (Tvk3/7 and BTU9/2 primers). The Illumina Novaseq PE250-platform was used for assessing microbiota composition. This study involved 66 women (132 samples); 68.2% (n = 45) tested negative for T. vaginalis at baseline while 31.8% (n = 21) were initially diagnosed with T. vaginalis infection (99,304 amplicon sequence variants identified/categorised into 62 phyla and 1908 genera). Women who cleared T. vaginalis (n = 10) displayed increased microbial richness, while those having persistence (n = 11) had higher microbial diversity. Significant changes were observed regarding genus relative abundance: Lactobacillus abundance increased in the clearance group (p = 0.002), Prevotella in the persistence group (p = 0.045) and Gardnerella, Megasphaera and Sneathia in the group having acquired T. vaginalis infection (p = 0.045). Regarding relative abundance, logistic regression analysis revealed a positive trend concerning Sneathia increase (adjusted OR 2.23) and reduced Lactobacillus abundance (adjusted OR 0.39) in women with T. vaginalis persistence. DESeq analysis revealed a substantial decrease in the Ornithinimicrobium genus among women without infection during follow-up, while Ruminococcus increased in women having various T. vaginalis outcomes. The results suggested that specific bacterial genera present during T. vaginalis infection may influence its clearance, having potential implications for improving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for enhancing women's reproductive health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 3","pages":"37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946947/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143731243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Krüppel homolog 1, a juvenile hormone transcription factor, regulates the reproduction and development of Aedes albopictus(Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae).","authors":"Ya-Hui Chen, Cheng Wu, Yu-Yang Xie, Yan-Hui Zhang, Xi-Tong Huang, Fen Hu, Li-Hua Xie","doi":"10.1007/s00436-025-08479-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00436-025-08479-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The control of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae), a vector for several important viral diseases, is crucial for mitigating mosquito-borne diseases. This study focused on the Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1) gene, a transcription factor in juvenile hormone (JH) signaling, which plays a pivotal role in inhibiting metamorphosis and promoting adult reproduction. We characterized Aedes albopictus Kr-h1(AalbKr-h1), identified its eight zinc finger domains, and confirmed its orthology among insects through phylogenetic analysis. Expression profiling across life stages showed high level of expression in eggs, late larvae, and adults, with minimal expression in pupae. In adults, AalbKr-h1 was most active in the fat body and ovaries. Exposing larvae to a JH analogue significantly upregulated AalbKr-h1 expression in both larval and adult stages. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Kr-h1 protein reduced egg reproduction, survival rate and gene expression levels. These results provide a solid foundation for further exploration of the function of the AalbKr-h1 gene and the potential development of novel strategies for mosquito control and prevention of mosquito-borne diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19968,"journal":{"name":"Parasitology Research","volume":"124 3","pages":"36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11928384/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143676941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}