Functional annotation and analysis of the hard tick Dermacentor nuttalli midgut genes.

IF 1.8 3区 医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY
Hejia Ma, Lijun Jia, Jian Feng, Tianshuai Li, Chao Li, Jixu Li, Xuenan Xuan, Yali Sun
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Ticks are hematophagous vectors that transmit a variety of pathogens, posing significant threats to the health of both humans and animals. Tick midgut proteins play essential roles in blood digestion, feeding, toxic waste processing, and pathogen transmission. Dermacentor nuttalli is the primary vector of tick-borne pathogens, including rickettsioses in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. However, there is a lack of genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic information regarding the biology of D. nuttalli. In this study, we assembled and compared the midgut transcriptomes of female D. nuttalli ticks at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h during blood feeding, identifying the genes with differentially regulated expression following feeding. The obtained data were compiled and annotated in multiple databases including Nr, NT, PFAM, KOG, KEGG, and GO. The high-quality clean readings of midgut tissue at the different blood-feeding times were recorded as 22,524,912, 23,752,325, 20,377,718, 21,300,710, and 20,378,658, respectively. The transcripts were classified into eight large categories, including immunogenic proteases (8.37%), protease inhibitors (0.85%), transporters (3.96%), ligand binding proteins (1.98%), ribosomal function proteins (0.94%), heat shock proteins (0.30%), other proteases and miscellaneous proteins (57.61%), and unknown proteins (26.00%). Significant differences were observed in the genes obtained at 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h during blood feeding. The differentially expressed genes include catalytic proteins that play an important role in accelerating biochemical reactions, binding activity proteins which are involved in various molecular interactions, and proteins that actively participate in multiple metabolic pathways and cellular processes. Notably, the gene expression in the midgut of D. nuttalli shows dynamic changes every 24 h throughout the blood-feeding process. This change may represent an equivalent strategy of antigenic variation for ticks, designed to protect their essential feeding function against the host's immune system. The tick antigens identified in this study may serve as promising candidates for the development of effective vaccines or as drug targets for acaricides.

硬蜱nuttalli真皮蜱中肠基因功能注释与分析。
蜱是一种噬血媒介,传播多种病原体,对人类和动物的健康构成重大威胁。蜱中肠蛋白在血液消化、饲养、有毒废物处理和病原体传播中起着重要作用。坚果革螨是青藏高原地区蜱传病原体(包括立克次体病)的主要媒介。然而,缺乏基因组学、转录组学和蛋白质组学方面的生物学信息。在本研究中,我们收集并比较了吸血后0、24、48、72和96 h雌性nuttalli蜱的中肠转录组,找出了在吸血后表达差异调节的基因。将获得的数据在Nr、NT、PFAM、KOG、KEGG和GO等多个数据库中进行编译和注释。不同喂血时间中肠组织的高质量清洁读数分别为22,524,912,23,752,325,20,377,718,21,300,710和20,378,658。转录本可分为8大类,分别为免疫原性蛋白酶(8.37%)、蛋白酶抑制剂(0.85%)、转运蛋白(3.96%)、配体结合蛋白(1.98%)、核糖体功能蛋白(0.94%)、热休克蛋白(0.30%)、其他蛋白酶和杂蛋白(57.61%)、未知蛋白(26.00%)。在血喂养0、24、48、72和96 h时,观察到基因的显著差异。差异表达基因包括在加速生化反应中起重要作用的催化蛋白,参与各种分子相互作用的结合活性蛋白,以及积极参与多种代谢途径和细胞过程的蛋白。值得注意的是,在整个采血过程中,D. nutalli中肠的基因表达每24 h就会发生动态变化。这种变化可能代表了蜱虫抗原变异的等效策略,旨在保护其基本的摄食功能免受宿主免疫系统的攻击。本研究鉴定的蜱虫抗原可能是开发有效疫苗或作为杀螨剂药物靶点的有希望的候选物。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Parasitology Research
Parasitology Research 医学-寄生虫学
CiteScore
4.10
自引率
5.00%
发文量
346
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: The journal Parasitology Research covers the latest developments in parasitology across a variety of disciplines, including biology, medicine and veterinary medicine. Among many topics discussed are chemotherapy and control of parasitic disease, and the relationship of host and parasite. Other coverage includes: Protozoology, Helminthology, Entomology; Morphology (incl. Pathomorphology, Ultrastructure); Biochemistry, Physiology including Pathophysiology; Parasite-Host-Relationships including Immunology and Host Specificity; life history, ecology and epidemiology; and Diagnosis, Chemotherapy and Control of Parasitic Diseases.
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