PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy of different dietary therapy strategies in active pediatric Crohn's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiaze Ma, Jinchen Chong, Zhengxi Qiu, Yuji Wang, Tuo Chen, Yugen Chen","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary therapy strategies play an important role in the treatment of pediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD), but the relative efficacy of different dietary therapy strategies for Crohn's remission is unknown. This study aims to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of these dietary therapy strategies for active pediatric CD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched the medical literature up to August 30, 2024 to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of dietary therapy strategies for pediatric CD. The primary outcomes were clinical remission rate and tolerance, secondary outcomes included differences between pre- and post-treatment levels of albumin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fecal calprotectin levels. A network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed by using the frequentist model. For binary outcome variables and continuous outcome variables, odds ratios (OR) and mean differences (MD) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were utilized, respectively. The ranking of dietary therapy strategies was determined based on the surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) for each comparison analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 14 studies involving 564 participants were included. In terms of clinical remission rate, the partial enteral nutrition (PEN) plus Crohn's disease exclusion diet (PEN+CDED) (OR = 7.86, 95% CI [1.85-33.40]) and exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) (OR = 3.74, 95% CI [1.30-10.76]) exhibited significant superiority over PEN alone. The tolerance of PEN+CDED was significantly higher than that of EEN (OR = 0.07, 95% CI [0.01-0.61]). According to the surface under the cumulative ranking area (SUCRA) values, the PEN+CDED intervention (90.5%) achieved the highest ranking in clinical remission rate. In terms of tolerance, PEN+CDED ranked first (88.0%), while EEN ranked last (16.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, PEN+CDED was associated with the highest clinical remission rate and tolerance among the various dietary therapy strategies evaluated. Despite limitations in the studies, this systematic review provides evidence that PEN+CDED can be used as an alternative treatment to exclusive enteral nutrition and is more suitable for long-term management in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648686/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic variation and core microbiota composition of <i>Anastrepha ludens</i> (Diptera: Tephritidae) infesting a single host across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients.","authors":"Martín Aluja, Daniel Cerqueda-García, Alma Altúzar-Molina, Larissa Guillén, Emilio Acosta-Velasco, Juan Conde-Alarcón, Andrés Moya","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18555","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Anastrepha ludens</i> is a pestiferous tephritid fly species exhibiting extreme polyphagy. It develops optimally in hosts rich in sugar but low nitrogen content. We studied the geographical influence on the composition of <i>A. ludens</i>'s larval and newly emerged adult gut microbiota in altitudinal (0-2,000 masl) and latitudinal (ca. 800 km from 17° to 22°N latitude) transects along the coastline of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. In the 16 collection sites, we only collected <i>Citrus x aurantium</i> fruit (238 samples of <i>A. ludens</i> larvae and adults, plus 73 samples of pulp) to control for host effect, hypothesizing that there exists a conserved core microbiota that would be dominated by nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We found that latitude triggered more significant changes in the gut microbiota than altitude. Northern and southernmost samples differed the most in microbiota composition, with a trade-off between Acetobacteraceae and Rhizobiaceae driving these differences. As hypothesized, the core microbiota in each sampling site, contained the functional group of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. We conclude that <i>A. ludens</i> larvae can acquire multiple diazotrophic symbionts along its wide distribution range where it infests fruit with a high C:N ratio in the pulp.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648694/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computer vision syndrome and associated factors among urban and rural bankers in Trinidad and Tobago.","authors":"Kingsley Ekemiri, Devonte McKnight, Chioma Ekemiri, Ngozika Ezinne, Henrietta Ashang, Virginia Victor, Osaze Okonedo, Ayishetu Oshoke Shuaibu, Robin Seemongal-Dass","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18584","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Modern workplace requirements in the banking sector require bankers to work on screens for more than 6 h a day, putting much stress and strain on their eyes, which leads to computer vision syndrome. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of computer vision syndrome and associated factors among urban and rural bankers in Trinidad and Tobago.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>A cross-sectional design was applied to collect data from 399 bankers between April and June 2023. The collected data was entered into Excel worksheets and later uploaded to SPSS for further analysis. A variable with a <i>P</i>-value of 0.25 in binary logistic regression is a candidate for multi-variable logistic regression analysis. Finally, a variable with a <i>P</i>-value of 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 371 participants were enrolled in this study, leading to a response rate of 92.9%. Of the total participants, 277 (74.7%) had computer vision syndrome. Working in rural areas (AOR = 2.69; 95% CI [1.41-5.13]) and using eyesight glasses (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI [0.33-0.97]) was associated with computer vision syndrome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite being easily preventable, computer vision syndrome is substantially prevalent among bankers in Trinidad. The use of eye-sight glasses and the working area are significantly associated with computer vision syndrome. Therefore, it is necessary to improve workplace practices by encouraging the use of anti-glare screens and glasses for employees who work long hours on the computer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648678/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pepper power: short-term impact of pepper consumption on the gut bacteriome composition in healthy volunteers.","authors":"Oluwafayoke Owolo, Haruna J Audu, Ayorinde O Afolayan, Funmilola A Ayeni","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18707","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pepper from <i>Capsicum</i> species is a well-established spice with a rich history of culinary use. Some observations have linked its consumption to gastrointestinal discomfort and alterations in stool patterns while it is considered beneficial in some cultures. However, there is lack of information on the direct effect of pepper consumption on human gut microbiota, we conducted dietary intervention studies to assess the impact of pepper on gut bacteriome composition in humans.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ten healthy volunteers were recruited, and each person received 200 ml of 0.14 g/ml fresh Habanero Pepper (<i>Capsicum chinense</i>) daily over a 4-day period after which they abstained from pepper consumption for the subsequent 4 days before resumption of their normal diet. Stool samples were collected at baseline, after pepper consumption, after 4 days without pepper and after 4- and 6-days resumption of normal diet. We sequenced the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and analyzed microbial diversity and composition using the QIIME2 pipeline and relevant R packages.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Consumption of pepper over a 4-day period led to a higher abundance of Verrucomicrobia, a phylum rarely found in significant proportions at other time points. There was a gradual depletion of <i>Shigella</i> and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. from baseline untill the end of the study. Other taxa showed timepoint specific associations, emphasizing the potential impact of short-term dietary interventions on the relative abundance of these genera.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study adds nuance to the understanding of diet-microbiota interactions, highlighting the intricate relationship between pepper consumption and gut bacteriome composition. Further exploration of these dynamics holds promise for personalized dietary recommendations and targeted interventions to support gut microbial health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648697/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bile acid metabolome in umbilical cord blood and meconium of healthy newborns: distinct characteristics and implications.","authors":"Chunxia Lu, Zhiyong Gao, Siqi Zhang, Ke Du, Die Xu, Wenbin Dong, Yujiao Zhang, Xiaoping Lei","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18506","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To characterize the bile acid metabolomic profiles of umbilical cord blood and meconium in healthy newborns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Fifteen healthy newborns, which born in the Obstetrics Department of the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University between July 1 and August 31, 2023, were selected as study subjects. Umbilical cord blood and meconium samples were collected, and bile acid metabolomics were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The ratio of primary to secondary bile acids in cord blood was significantly higher than in meconium [2.64 (2.49, 5.70) &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0.99 (0.37, 1.58), Z = -3.80, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05]. The ratio of unconjugated to conjugated bile acids was notably higher in cord blood than in meconium [0.14 (0.07, 0.18) &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0.01 (0.01, 0.04), Z = -3.88, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05]. The ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid in conjugated primary bile acids was significantly lower in cord blood than in meconium [0.59 (0.19, 0.75) &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 2.21 (1.34, 3.04), Z = -4.21, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05], but the ratio of cholic acid to chenodeoxycholic acid in secondary bile acids was significantly higher in cord blood than in meconium [0.42 (0.21, 0.63) &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0.03 (0.01, 0.05), Z = -4.54, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05]. Only three primary bile acids (taurochenodeoxycholic acid, glycochenodeoxycholic acid, and glycochenodeoxycholic acid 3-glucoside in umbilical cord blood) were correlated with their downstream metabolites in meconium (with hyodesoxycholic acid (r = -0.66, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01), tauro-ω-muricholic acid (r = 0.52, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.048) and ursodeoxycholic acid-7S (r = -0.53, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04), respectively). In meconium, most of primary bile acids were correlated with their downstream metabolites (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; all &lt; 0.05): cholic acid was positively correlated with 3-dehydrocholic acid, taurocholic acid was positively correlated with taurodeoxycholic acid and 3-dehydrocholic acid, glycocholic acid was positively correlated with 3-dehydrocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid was positively correlated with glycoursodeoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, and 7-keto lithocholic acid and negatively correlated with isolithocholic acid. Taurochenodeoxycholic acid was positively correlated with taurohyodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, tauro-ω-muricholic acid, and glycohyodeoxycholic acid, while glycochenodeoxycholic acid was positively correlated with tauroursodeoxycholic acid, glycoursodeoxycholic acid, taurolithocholic acid, and glycohyodeoxycholic acid, and negatively correlated with isolithocholic acid.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;The bile acid metabolites in umbilical cord blood and meconium differ significantly, and the downstream bile acid metabolites in meconium are predominantly correlated with their upstream bile acids in meconium, but not those bile acids in ","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18506"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648689/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of machine learning models for the prediction of the skin sensitization potential of cosmetic compounds.","authors":"Wu Qiao, Tong Xie, Jing Lu, Tinghan Jia","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18672","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To enhance the accuracy of allergen detection in cosmetic compounds, we developed a co-culture system that combines HaCaT keratinocytes (transfected with a luciferase plasmid driven by the AKR1C2 promoter) and THP-1 cells for machine learning applications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following chemical exposure, cell cytotoxicity was assessed using CCK-8 to determine appropriate stimulation concentrations. RNA-Seq was subsequently employed to analyze THP-1 cells, followed by differential expression gene (DEG) analysis and weighted gene co-expression net-work analysis (WGCNA). Using two data preprocessing methods and three feature extraction techniques, we constructed and validated models with eight machine learning algorithms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results demonstrated the effectiveness of this integrated approach. The best performing models were random forest (RF) and voom-based diagonal quadratic discriminant analysis (voomDQDA), both achieving 100% accuracy. Support vector machine (SVM) and voom based nearest shrunken centroids (voomNSC) showed excellent performance with 96.7% test accuracy, followed by voom-based diagonal linear discriminant analysis (voomDLDA) at 95.2%. Nearest shrunken centroids (NSC), Poisson linear discriminant analysis (PLDA) and negative binomial linear discriminant analysis (NBLDA) achieved 90.5% and 90.2% accuracy, respectively. K-nearest neighbors (KNN) showed the lowest accuracy at 85.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights the potential of integrating co-culture systems, RNA-Seq, and machine learning to develop more accurate and comprehensive <i>in vitro</i> methods for skin sensitization testing. Our findings contribute to the advancement of cosmetic safety assessments, potentially reducing the reliance on animal testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18672"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of serotonin compound from banana hump: a reproductive stimulant for tiger shrimp <i>Penaeus monodon</i> broodstock enhancement.","authors":"Andi Parenrengi, Emma Suryati, Rachman Syah, Andi Tenriulo, Samuel Lante, Elmi Nurhaidah Zainuddin, Ratu Siti Aliah, Nuril Farizah, Agus Nawang, Sulaeman Sulaeman, Makmur Makmur, Rosmiati Rosmiati, Gunarto Gunarto, Herlinah Herlinah","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The banana plant is claimed to contain a serotonin compound that has the potential to stimulate and improve the reproductive performance of crustacean species. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the serotonin compound from the banana hump and its application to enhance the reproductive performance of tiger shrimp broodstock.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Banana hump as a part of the plant was extracted by using the maceration technique. The chemical structure of the serotonin compound was identified and characterized based on spectroscopic data, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and a comparison was made with the standard compound and the literature. The extract herb in a dose of 50 µg/g body weight was injected into the tiger shrimp broodstock in four-time administrations. During 2 months of broodstock gonadal maturation, the parameters of molting, reproduction, and gene expression related to reproduction were observed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on the chemical structure analysis, the stimulant component of the banana hump was identified as a serotonin compound (5-hydroxytryptamine) at a concentration of 0.7% of dry weight. The number of spawned broodstock was higher in the serotonin extract treatment (60%) than in the control treatment (40%), and the broodstock injected serotonin spawned up to the second re-maturation. In contrast, no re-maturation was obtained in the control treatment. The egg number was significantly higher using the serotonin extract (286,550 ± 46,402 eggs) than the control shrimp (148,585 ± 23,647 eggs), in which the serotonin extract treatment showed a comparatively larger egg diameter number. The higher expression of the genes related to female and male reproduction was observed in the tiger shrimp injected with serotonin extract than in the control treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning approach for identifying anatomical biomarkers of early mild cognitive impairment.","authors":"Alwani Liyana Ahmad, Jose M Sanchez-Bornot, Roberto C Sotero, Damien Coyle, Zamzuri Idris, Ibrahima Faye","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18490","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Alzheimer's Disease (AD) poses a major challenge as a neurodegenerative disorder, and early detection is critical for effective intervention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a critical tool in AD research due to its availability and cost-effectiveness in clinical settings.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis of machine learning (ML) methods for MRI-based biomarker selection and classification to investigate early cognitive decline in AD. The focus to discriminate between classifying healthy control (HC) participants who remained stable and those who developed mild cognitive impairment (MCI) within five years (unstable HC or uHC).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;3-Tesla (3T) MRI data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) and Open Access Series of Imaging Studies 3 (OASIS-3) were used, focusing on HC and uHC groups. Freesurfer's recon-all and other tools were used to extract anatomical biomarkers from subcortical and cortical brain regions. ML techniques were applied for feature selection and classification, using the MATLAB Classification Learner (MCL) app for initial analysis, followed by advanced methods such as nested cross-validation and Bayesian optimization, which were evaluated within a Monte Carlo replication analysis as implemented in our customized pipeline. Additionally, polynomial regression-based data harmonization techniques were used to enhance ML and statistical analysis. In our study, ML classifiers were evaluated using performance metrics such as Accuracy (Acc), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AROC), F1-score, and a normalized Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC').&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Feature selection consistently identified biomarkers across ADNI and OASIS-3, with the entorhinal, hippocampus, lateral ventricle, and lateral orbitofrontal regions being the most affected. Classification results varied between balanced and imbalanced datasets and between ADNI and OASIS-3. For ADNI balanced datasets, the naíve Bayes model using &lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;-score harmonization and ReliefF feature selection performed best (Acc = 69.17%, AROC = 77.73%, F1 = 69.21%, MCC' = 69.28%). For OASIS-3 balanced datasets, SVM with zscore-corrected data outperformed others (Acc = 66.58%, AROC = 72.01%, MCC' = 66.78%), while logistic regression had the best F1-score (66.68%). In imbalanced data, RUSBoost showed the strongest overall performance on ADNI (F1 = 50.60%, AROC = 81.54%) and OASIS-3 (MCC' = 63.31%). Support vector machine (SVM) excelled on ADNI in terms of Acc (82.93%) and MCC' (70.21%), while naïve Bayes performed best on OASIS-3 by F1 (42.54%) and AROC (70.33%).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Data harmonization significantly improved the consistency and performance of feature selection and ML classification, with &lt;i&gt;z&lt;/i&gt;-score harmonization yielding the best results. This study also highlights the importanc","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648692/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Companion animal foster caregiving: a scoping review exploring animal and caregiver welfare, barriers to caregiver recruitment and retention, and best practices for foster care programs in animal shelters.","authors":"Grace E Phillips, Lisa M Gunter","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18623","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Each year, millions of animals enter animal shelters across the United States and are met with a variety of potential stressors that can negatively impact their experience, including noise, confinement, and social isolation. Foster care, a unique form of human-animal interaction, is increasingly understood to be an effective tool for improving welfare by allowing animals to escape the stressors of the shelter, providing an environment that allows for greater social interaction, and offering opportunities for improved health and behavior. This review includes 42 published articles, reports, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations that have previously evaluated companion animal foster care programs. While scientific literature in this area has increased over the last decade, no review of the research exploring companion animal fostering has been published. Here, we examine foster care programs and their effects on human and animal welfare, evaluate the successes and challenges of supporting shelter foster care programs, recommend best practices for programmatic success, illuminate discrepancies in equity and diversity of caregiver engagement, and offer directions for future research in animal foster caregiving. The examinations in this review conclude that fostering provides both proximate (<i>i.e</i>., physiological and behavioral) and distal (<i>i.e</i>., length of stay and adoption outcomes) welfare benefits for shelter animals as well as their caregivers. Companion animal foster care programs may be further improved by providing greater caregiver support and increasing the diversity and extent of community engagement. Meanwhile, scientific investigations should explore lesser-researched components of foster care programs that are not yet well understood.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18623"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648680/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal disruption in tuberculosis incidence patterns during COVID-19: a time series analysis in China.","authors":"Jiarui Zhang, Zhong Sun, Qi Deng, Yidan Yu, Xingyue Dian, Juan Luo, Thilakavathy Karuppiah, Narcisse Joseph, Guozhong He","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18573","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite extensive knowledge of tuberculosis (TB) and its control, there remains a significant gap in understanding the comprehensive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB incidence patterns. This study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on the pattern of pulmonary tuberculosis in China and examine the application of time series models in the analysis of these patterns, providing valuable insights for TB prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used pre-COVID-19 pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) data (2007-2018) to fit SARIMA, Prophet, and LSTM models, assessing their ability to predict PTB incidence trends. These models were then applied to compare the predicted PTB incidence patterns with actual reported cases during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023), using deviations between predicted and actual values to reflect the impact of COVID-19 countermeasures on PTB incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prior to the COVID-19 outbreak, PTB incidence in China exhibited a steady decline with strong seasonal fluctuations, characterized by two annual peaks-one in March and another in December. These seasonal trends persisted until 2019. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a significant reduction in PTB cases, with actual reported cases falling below the predicted values. The disruption in PTB incidence appears to be temporary, as 2023 data indicate a gradual return to pre-pandemic trends, though the incidence rate remains slightly lower than pre-COVID levels. Additionally, we compared the fitting and forecasting performance of the SARIMA, Prophet, and LSTM models using RMSE (root mean squared error), MAE (mean absolute error), and MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) indexes prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. We found that the Prophet model had the lowest values for all three indexes, demonstrating the best fitting and prediction performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has had a temporary but significant impact on PTB incidence in China, leading to a reduction in reported cases during the pandemic. However, as pandemic control measures relax and the healthcare system stabilizes, PTB incidence patterns are expected to return to pre-COVID-19 levels. The Prophet model demonstrated the best predictive performance and proves to be a valuable tool for analyzing PTB trends and guiding public health planning in the post-pandemic era.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"12 ","pages":"e18573"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11648691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142837057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}