PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Rotating cell culture system-induced injectable self-assembled microtissues with epidermal stem cells for full-thickness skin repair.","authors":"Min Zhang, Meng Huang, Xixi Dong, Yibo Wang, Luyue Zhang, Zhaoxiang Wang, Junkai Cao","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18418","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidermal stem cells (EpSCs) are crucial for wound healing and tissue regeneration, and traditional culture methods often lead to their inactivation. It is urgent to increase the yield of high quality EpSCs. In this study, primary EpSCs were isolated and cultured in a serum-free, feeder-free culture system. EpSCs are then expanded in a dynamic 3D environment using a rotating cell culture system (RCCS) with biodegradable porous microcarriers (MC). Over a period of 14 days, the cells self-assembled into microtissues with superior cell proliferation compared to 3D static culture. Immunofluorescence and qPCR analyses consistently showed that the stemness of the 3D microtissues was preserved, especially the COL17A1 associated with anti-aging was highly expressed in RCCS induced microtissues. <i>In vivo</i> experiments demonstrated that the group treated with 3D microtissues loaded with EpSCs showed enhanced early wound healing, and the injectable 3D microtissues were more conducive to maintaining cell viability and differentiation potential. Our study provides valuable insights into the dynamic 3D culture of EpSCs and introduces an injectable therapy using 3D microtissues loaded with EpSCs, which provides a new and effective approach for cell delivery and offering a promising strategy for guiding the regeneration of full-thickness skin defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531757/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritising non-native fish species for management actions in three Polish rivers using the newly developed tool-dispersal-origin-status-impact scheme.","authors":"Dagmara Błońska, Joanna Grabowska, Ali S Tarkan, Ismael Soto, Phillip J Haubrock","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18300","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18300","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biological invasions are a major threat to global biodiversity, with freshwater ecosystems being among the most susceptible to the successful establishment of non-native species and their respective potential impacts. In Poland, the introduction and spreading of non-native fish has led to biodiversity loss and ecosystem homogenisation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Our study applies the Dispersal-Origin-Status-Impact (DOSI) assessment scheme, which is a population-level specific assessment that integrates multiple factors, including dispersal mechanisms, origin, status, and impacts, providing a nuanced framework for assessing invasion risks at local and regional levels. We used this tool to evaluate the risks associated with non-native fish species across three major Polish rivers (Pilica, Bzura, and Skrwa Prawa) and to prioritise them for management actions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using DOSI, we assessed eight non-native species identified in the three studied rivers: seven in both Pilica and Bzura and four in Skrwa Prawa. The DOSI assessment scheme identified high variability in the ecological impacts and management priorities among the identified non-native species. Notably, species such as the Ponto-Caspian gobies exhibited higher risk levels due to their rapid spread and considerable ecological effects, contrasting with other species that demonstrated lower impact levels and, hence, received a lower priority for intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The adoption of the DOSI scheme in three major rivers in Poland has provided valuable insights into the complexities of managing biological invasions, suggesting that localised, detailed assessments are crucial for effective conservation strategies and highlighting the importance of managing non-native populations locally.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531750/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significance of biowaste drying analysis as a key pre-treatment for transforming it into a sustainable biomass feedstock.","authors":"Fernando Damián Barajas Godoy, Marco A Martínez-Cinco, José G Rutiaga-Quiñones, Otoniel Buenrostro-Delgado, Jose Mendoza","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18248","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is to investigate the drying kinetics of fruit and vegetable peel biowaste using a sustainable technique as a key-pretreatment for its conversion into useful feedstock. Biowaste represents a missed potential source of bioenergy and bioproducts, but moisture removal is required, and conventional drying methods are expensive since they require great quantity of energy supplied, almost always, by a non-renewable energy. In this study six batches with the same quantity of biowaste, and heterogeneous physical composition were dried under open-sun conditions. We evaluated the influence of the interaction between drying area and the initial moisture content on drying rate. Eight semi-theoretical models were fitted using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm to predict drying rate, and their accuracy was assessed through goodness-of-fit tests. Maximum moisture content to preserve biomass (10%) was reached on 5^th day and the equilibrium on 16^th day of drying. According to goodness-of-fit test (<i>R</i> ² = 0.999, <i>χ</i> ² = 4.666 × 10^-5, RMSE = 0.00683) the best model to predict drying rate was Two-term model. The mathematical model obtained from Fick's second law is reliable to predict drying kinetics, R² (0.9648 ± 0.0106); despite the variation between drying area and initial moisture content. Kruskal-Wallis test showed that drying rates between batches are not significantly different (<i>p</i> = 0.639; 0.05); nor effective diffusion coefficient (<i>D</i> _<i>eff</i>  = 4.97 × 10^-11  ±  0.3491 × 10^-11), (<i>p</i> = 0.723; 0.05). The study of drying kinetics is crucial for selecting the optimal biowaste treatment based on its generation context. This could enable its use as feedstock for bioproduct or bioenergy production, thereby reducing waste accumulation in landfills and environmental impact.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The behavior patterns of giraffes (<i>Giraffa camelopardalis</i>) housed across 18 US zoos.","authors":"Jason D Wark, Katherine A Cronin","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18164","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Interpreting animal behavior in the context of welfare can be inherently challenging given the limited behavior data available for many species housed in zoos. Describing common behavior patterns may help animal managers by providing additional background when assessing the individuals in their care. Although valuable, these efforts require a large, collaborative approach and have, consequently, been rare. Here, we share the behavior patterns of zoo-housed giraffes, an iconic and commonly housed megafauna in zoos. Behavior data were evaluated for 66 giraffes living across 18 AZA-accredited zoos using the ZooMonitor Community platform. Data were recorded during 10-minute observation sessions. Observations were conducted during daytime hours over the course of approximately one year at each zoo (mean total observed time per individual = 23.2 hr). The most common behaviors observed were feeding/ foraging behaviors, which accounted for 38.6% of the mean visible time budget across giraffes. Time spent in these behaviors varied by individual and ranged from 14.3% to 69.3% of visible time. Stereotypic behaviors occurred in all study individuals, with oral stereotypic behaviors being most common. Although prevalent, stereotypic behaviors varied considerably across giraffes, with some individuals exhibiting these behaviors only on a few occasions to an individual that exhibited these behaviors once every few minutes. This study provides a robust evaluation of giraffe behavior across zoos to present a picture of their common behavior patterns in managed care. We hope these multi-institutional behavior patterns can provide perspective to aid animal managers in evaluating giraffes in their care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compositions of the major ions, variations in their sources, and a risk assessment of the Qingshuijiang River Basin in Southwest China: a 10-year comparison of hydrochemical measurements.","authors":"Jiemei Lv, Tianhao Yang, Yanling An","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18284","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rivers in karst areas face increased risks from persistent growth in human activity that leads to changes in water chemistry and threatens the water environment. In this study, principal component analysis (PCA), ion ratio measurements, and other methods were used to study the water chemistry of the Qingshuijiang River Basin over the past 10 years. The results showed that the main ions in the river were Ca²⁺ and HCO₃ ^-, with a cation order of Ca²⁺ (mean: 0.93 mmol/L) > Mg²⁺ (mean: 0.51 mmol/L) > Na⁺ (mean: 0.30 mmol/L) > K⁺ (mean: 0.06 mmol/L) and HCO₃ ^- (mean: 2.00 mmol/L) > SO₄ ^2- (mean: 0.49 mmol/L) > Cl^- (mean: 0.15 mmol/L) > NO₃ ^- (mean: 0.096 mmol/L) > F^- (mean : 0.012 mmol/L). In the past 10 years, the concentration of major ions in the river water in the basin has increased significantly. The weathering input of rock (mainly upstream carbonate) was the main source of Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, and HCO₃ ^-, though sulfuric acid was also involved in this process. While K⁺ and Na⁺ were affected by the combination of human activity and the weathering input of silicate rock in the middle and lower reaches of the river, human activity was the main source of SO₄ ^2-, NO₃ ^-, and F^- ions. Irrigation water quality and health risks were evaluated by calculating the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (Na%), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and hazard quotient (HQ). The findings indicated that the river water was generally safe for irrigation and drinking, and the health risks were gradually reduced over time. However, long-term monitoring of the river basin is still essential, especially for the risk of excessive F^- in a few tributaries in the basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of inactivated entomopathogenic bacterium <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> on the immune responses of the Colorado potato beetle.","authors":"Olga V Polenogova, Natalia A Kryukova, Tatyana Klementeva, Anna S Artemchenko, Alexander D Lukin, Viktor P Khodyrev, Irina Slepneva, Yana Vorontsova, Viktor V Glupov","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18259","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18259","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Invasion of microorganisms into the gut of insects triggers a cascade of immune reactions accompanied by increased synthesis of effectors (such as antimicrobial peptides, cytokines, and amino acids), leading to changes in the physiological state of the host. We hypothesized that even an inactivated bacterium can induce an immune response in an insect. The aim of this study was to compare the roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and of the response of detoxification and antioxidant systems in a Colorado potato beetle (CPB) larval model in the first hours after invasion by either an inactivated or live bacterium.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The influence of <i>per os</i> inoculation with inactivated entomopathogenic bacterium <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> var. <i>tenebrionis</i> (Bt) on the survival and physiological and biochemical parameters of CPB larvae was assessed as changes in the total hemocyte count (THC), activity of phenoloxidases (POs), glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), nonspecific esterases (ESTs), catalase, peroxidases, superoxide dismutases (SODs) and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A series of changes occurred within the hemolymph and the midgut of CPBs inoculated with inactivated Bt at 12 h after inoculation. These physiological and biochemical alterations serve to mediate generalized resistance to pathogens. The changes were associated with an increase in the THC and a 1.4-2.2-fold enhancement of detoxification enzymatic activities (such as GST and EST) as well as increased levels of antioxidants (especially peroxidases) in hemolymph in comparison to the control group. Suppressed EST activity and reduced ROS formation were simultaneously detectable in the larval midgut. Inoculation of beetle larvae with active Bt cells yielded similar results (elevated THC and suppressed PO activity). A fundamental difference in the immune activation processes between larvae that ingested the inactivated bacterium and larvae that had consumed the active bacterium was that the inactivated bacterium did not influence ROS formation in the hemolymph but did reduce their formation in the midgut. At 24 h postinfection with active Bt, ROS levels went up in both the hemolymph and the midgut. This was accompanied by a significant 5.7-fold enhancement of SOD activity and a 5.3-fold suppression of peroxidase activity. The observed alterations may be due to within-gut toxicity caused by early-stage bacteriosis. The imbalance in the antioxidant system and the accumulation of products toxic to the \"putative\" pathogen can activate detoxification mechanisms, including those of an enzymatic nature (EST and GST). The activation of detoxification processes and of innate immune responses is probably due to the recognition of the \"putative\" pathogen by gut epithelial cells and is similar in many respects to the immune response at early stages of bacteriosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531747/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing population structure and morpho-molecular characterization of sunflower <i>(Helianthus annuus</i> L.) for elite germplasm identification.","authors":"Sampath Lavudya, Kalaimagal Thiyagarajan, Sasikala Ramasamy, Harish Sankarasubramanian, Senthivelu Muniyandi, Anita Bellie, Sushil Kumar, Susmitha Dhanapal","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18205","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.), known for its adaptability and high yield potential, is vital in global edible oil production. Estimating genetic diversity is a key pre-breeding activity in crop breeding. The current study comprised of 48 genotypes which were assessed for their biometrical traits at department of Oilseeds, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, during the rainy season of 2022. The lines were subsequently characterised using 103 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers for molecular diversity analysis. The results indicated that the net nucleotide distances indicated varying genetic divergence, with subpopulations II and V showing the highest (0.056) and I and IV the lowest (0.014). Subpopulation IV exhibited the highest heterozygosity (0.352), while subpopulation III had the lowest heterozygosity and a low Fst (0.173). Principal components analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis were employed for assessing the morphological diversity, facilitating genotype grouping and parent selection for breeding programs. The first four components cumulatively accounted for 86.72% of the total variation. Cluster Analysis grouped 48 sunflower genotypes into three clusters based on genetic diversity. COSF 13B stands out for its high head diameter, oil content, seed yield, and oil yield based on mean performance of morphological data. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) mirrored the groupings from the Neighbor Joining method, with the first three components explaining 27.24% of the total variation. Molecular data analysis identified five distinct clusters among the germplasm. By integrating morphological and molecular marker data with genetic distance analysis, substantial diversity was revealed with the genotypes RHA 273 and GMU 325 consistently demonstrated high oil yield per plant. The genotypes GMU 477, GMU 450, COSF 13B, RHA 102, CMS 1103B, and RHA GPR 58 have been identified as suitable parents for enhancing oil content in sunflower breeding programs. These findings also aid in selecting SSR markers for genotype characterization and in choosing diverse parents for breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic and therapeutic potential of gene profiles related to tertiary lymphoid structures in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Jinglu Yu, Yabin Gong, Xiaowei Huang, Yufang Bao","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18401","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The role of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in oncology is gaining interest, particularly in colorectal carcinoma, yet a thorough analysis remains elusive. This study pioneered a novel TLS quantification system for prognostic and therapeutic response prediction in colorectal carcinoma, alongside a comprehensive depiction of the TLS landscape. Utilizing single-cell sequencing, we established a TLS score within the Tumor Immune Microenvironment (TIME). Analysis of tertiary lymphoid structure-related genes (TLSRGs) in 1,184 patients with colon adenocarcinoma/rectum adenocarcinoma (COADREAD) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases led to the identification of two distinct molecular subtypes. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) further segregated these patients into gene subtypes. A TLS score was formulated using gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and its efficacy in predicting immunotherapy outcomes was validated in two independent cohorts. High-scoring patients exhibited a 'hot' immune phenotype, correlating with enhanced immunotherapy efficacy. Key genes in our model, including <i>C5AR1</i>, <i>APOE</i>, <i>CYR1P1</i>, and <i>SPP1</i>, were implicated in COADREAD cell proliferation, invasion, and <i>PD-L1</i> expression. These insights offer a novel approach to colorectal carcinoma treatment, emphasizing TLS targeting as a potential anti-tumor strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531753/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep-ocean macrofaunal assemblages on ferromanganese and phosphorite-rich substrates in the Southern California Borderland.","authors":"Michelle Guraieb, Guillermo Mendoza, Kira Mizell, Greg Rouse, Ryan A McCarthy, Olívia S Pereira, Lisa A Levin","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18290","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mineral-rich hardgrounds, such as ferromanganese (FeMn) crusts and phosphorites, occur on seamounts and continental margins, gaining attention for their resource potential due to their enrichment in valuable metals in some regions. This study focuses on the Southern California Borderland (SCB), an area characterized by uneven and heterogeneous topography featuring FeMn crusts, phosphorites, basalt, and sedimentary rocks that occur at varying depths and are exposed to a range of oxygen concentrations. Due to its heterogeneity, this region serves as an optimal setting for investigating the relationship between mineral-rich hardgrounds and benthic fauna. This study characterizes the density, diversity, and community composition of macrofauna (>300 μm) on hardgrounds as a function of substrate type and environment (depth and oxygen ranges). Rocks and their macrofauna were sampled quantitatively using remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) during expeditions in 2020 and 2021 at depths above, within, and below the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). A total of 3,555 macrofauna individuals were counted and 416 different morphospecies (excluding encrusting bryozoans and hydrozoans) were identified from 82 rocks at depths between 231 and 2,688 m. Average density for SCB macrofauna was 11.08 ± 0.87 ind. 200 cm^-2 and mean Shannon-Wiener diversity per rock (H'_[loge]) was 2.22 ± 0.07. A relationship was found between substrate type and macrofaunal communities. Phosphorite rocks had the highest H' of the four substrates compared on a per-rock basis. However, when samples were pooled by substrate, FeMn crusts had the highest H' and rarefaction diversity. Of all the environmental variables examined, water depth explained the largest variance in macrofaunal community composition. Macrofaunal density and diversity values were similar at sites within and outside the OMZ. This study is the first to analyze the macrofaunal communities of mineral-rich hardgrounds in the SCB, which support deep-ocean biodiversity by acting as specialized substrates for macrofaunal communities. Understanding the intricate relationships between macrofaunal assemblages and mineral-rich substrates may inform effects from environmental disruptions associated with deep-seabed mining or climate change. The findings contribute baseline information useful for effective conservation and management of the SCB and will support scientists in monitoring changes in these communities due to environmental disturbance or human impact in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531752/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>Argyreia collinsiae</i> species complex (Convolvulaceae): phenetic analysis and geographic distribution reveal subspecies new to science.","authors":"Poompat Srisombat, Natthaphong Chitchak, Pantamith Rattanakrajang, Alyssa B Stewart, Paweena Traiperm","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18294","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18294","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Argyreia</i> Lour. is a speciose genus in the Convolvulaceae. However, the genus contains several problematic species complexes due to their morphological similarity. In this study, we aimed to resolve the <i>Argyreia collinsiae</i> complex, which consists of four similar operational taxonomic units (OTUs), <i>i.e.</i>, <i>A. collinsiae</i> (Craib) Na Songkhla & Traiperm, <i>A. dokmaihom</i> Traiperm & Staples<i>, A. versicolor</i> (Kerr) Staples & Traiperm, and a peculiar OTU typically known as the large-bract morphotype of <i>A. collinsiae.</i> Following morphological comparison and phenetic analysis, all four OTUs were found to be distinct. However, the large-bract morphotype of <i>A. collinsiae</i> was confirmed to be more closely related to the original morphotype of <i>A. collinsiae</i> than to the other two species. Species distribution modeling (SDM) was then conducted for both morphotypes of <i>A. collinsiae</i>, revealing different geographical ranges of suitable habitat for each. In conclusion, the large-bract morphotype of <i>A. collinsiae</i> was described in this study as a new subspecies, <i>A. collinsiae</i> subsp. <i>megabracteata</i> Traiperm & Srisombat, subsp. nov., based on morphological differences and separate geographic range. We also provide here an identification key, description, detailed illustrations, distribution data, and ecological notes of the new subspecies. An updated description of <i>A. versicolor</i> and an assessment of its conservation status were also prepared since the original description was based solely on dried herbarium specimens and lacks key details.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142566556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}