PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Clinical considerations on antimicrobial resistance potential of complex microbiological samples.","authors":"Norbert Solymosi, Adrienn Gréta Tóth, Sára Ágnes Nagy, István Csabai, Csongor Feczkó, Tamás Reibling, Tibor Németh","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of our greatest public health challenges. Targeted use of antibiotics (ABs) can reduce the occurrence and spread of AMR and boost the effectiveness of treatment. This requires knowledge of the AB susceptibility of the pathogens involved in the disease. Therapeutic recommendations based on classical AB susceptibility testing (AST) are based on the analysis of only a fraction of the bacteria present in the disease process. Next and third generation sequencing technologies allow the identification of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) present in a bacterial community. Using this metagenomic approach, we can map the antimicrobial resistance potential (AMRP) of a complex, multi-bacterial microbial sample. To understand the interpretiveness of AMRP, the concordance between phenotypic AMR properties and ARGs was investigated by analyzing data from 574 <i>Escherichia coli</i> strains of five different studies. The overall results show that for 44% of the studied ABs, phenotypically resistant strains are genotypically associated with a 90% probability of resistance, while for 92% of the ABs, the phenotypically susceptible strains are genotypically susceptible with a 90% probability. ARG detection showed a phenotypic prediction with at least 90% confidence in 67% of ABs. The probability of detecting a phenotypically susceptible strain as resistant based on genotype is below 5% for 92% of ABs. While the probability of detecting a phenotypically resistant strain as susceptible based on genotype is below 5% for 44% of ABs. We can assume that these strain-by-strain concordance results are also true for bacteria in complex microbial samples, and conclude that AMRP obtained from metagenomic ARG analysis can help choose efficient ABs. This is illustrated using AMRP by a canine external otitis sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11784533/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143079906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clusters explaining the relation between menopause and self-reported periodontal disease: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Hani T Fadel, Lujain A Qarah, Manal O Alharbi, Alla Al-Sharif, Doaa S Al-Harkan, Saba Kassim, Osama Abu-Hammad, Najla Dar-Odeh","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18861","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Menopause is an important milestone in the women's life continuum and is associated with potentially adverse effects, including those related to oral health. This study assessed self-reported periodontal disease in relation to menopausal status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study involving a convenience sample of female university dental hospital attendees was conducted using a validated, self-administered, self-reported periodontal disease questionnaire. A two-step cluster analysis was used to categorize the participants based on menstrual period (MP) continuity, systemic diseases and age. Differences between clusters were analyzed using chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 112 included participants, three clusters resulted from the analysis: Cluster #1 (37 ± 8 years, no systemic diseases and continued MP), Cluster #2 (40 ± 10, with systemic diseases and continued MP) and Cluster #3 (54 ± 9, with systemic diseases and discontinued MP). Cluster #3 tended to have less optimal oral hygiene habits and more missing teeth (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Clusters #1 and #2 insignificantly reported more gingival bleeding, tooth sensitivity and calculus (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Cluster #3, on the other hand, presented with more self-reported oral dryness (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Within study limits, clusters of menopausal women with systemic diseases reported high symptoms of periodontal disease that were not significantly different from younger individuals, with the exception of oral dryness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of diabetes and adverse outcomes in hospitalized COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in China during a small-scale COVID-19 outbreak.","authors":"Yu Li, Guanni Li, Jiahong Li, Zirui Luo, Yaxuan Lin, Ning Lan, Xiaodan Zhang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18865","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18865","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of diabetes on mortality and adverse outcomes in COVID-19 patients and to analyse the associated risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study in 500 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 infection (214 with diabetes and 286 without diabetes) admitted to a tertiary hospital in China from December 2022 to February 2023. Demographic information, clinical characteristics and outcomes were collected. Survival status was investigated at discharge and at 6 months after discharge.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with diabetes was higher than the rate of non-diabetic COVID-19 patients, both at discharge, and at 6 months after discharge. Body mass index (BMI), C-reactive protein (CRP), pH, D-dimer, blood osmotic pressure, serum creatinine, white blood cell count, creatine kinase and hospitalization expenses were significantly different between diabetic group and non-diabetic group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with the survivors, non-survived COVID-19 patients with diabetes had worse diabetes control indicators, with random blood glucose increased by 3.58 mmol/L (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and fasting blood glucose increased by 2.77 mmol/L (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In addition, there were significant differences in age, heart rate, CRP, pH, potassium (K⁺), serum creatinine, white blood cell count, creatine kinase, the proportion with diabetic complications, treatment in ICU and mechanical ventilation between survivors and non-survivors of COVID-19 patients with diabetes. By multivariate logistic regression analysis, the death of COVID-19 patients with diabetes is positively correlated with age and CRP (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and has a trend towards significance with fasting blood glucose (<i>p</i> < 0.1).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Infection with COVID-19 on the basis of diabetes can significantly increase mortality, which was further associated with diabetes control indicators.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18865"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super Partition: fast, flexible, and interpretable large-scale data reduction in R.","authors":"Katelyn J Queen, Malcolm Barrett, Joshua Millstein","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18580","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Motivation: </strong>As data sets increase in size and complexity with advancing technology, flexible and interpretable data reduction methods that quantify information preservation become increasingly important.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Super Partition is a large-scale approximation of the original Partition data reduction algorithm that allows the user to flexibly specify the minimum amount of information captured for each input feature. In an initial step, Genie, a fast, hierarchical clustering algorithm, forms a super-partition, thereby increasing the computational tractability by allowing Partition to be applied to the subsets. Applications to high dimensional data sets show scalability to hundreds of thousands of features with reasonable computation times.</p><p><strong>Availability and implementation: </strong>Super Partition is a new function within the partition R package, available on the CRAN repository (https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/partition/index.html).</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond support: exploring the dynamic and static biomechanical changes induced by preventive ankle taping: a novel cross-sectional study.","authors":"María Bravo-Aguilar, Vanesa Abuín-Porras, María Blanco-Morales, Carlos Romero Morales, Jaime Almazán-Polo, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Lorena Canosa-Carro","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18472","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In sports, 80% of all ankle injuries are sprains of the external compartment. Functional bandages are usually used preventively, specially in individuals with a history of lateral ankle injuries. To this day, the actual benefits of such taping remain unknown as important modifications are introduced in the ankle biomechanics.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study is to describe the biomechanical processes underlying these effects, such as modification during stance times, balance, contact surface and maximum and average pressures in the rearfoot, forefoot and midfoot, using a sprain preventive taping for the external ankle compartment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational, analytic, cross-sectional study was designed. Data from static and dynamic plantar pressures with a pressure platform and balance data assessed with the Y Balance Test (YBT) were analysed in 50 participants (age = 21.00 ± 2.34 years, weight = 71.11 ± 13.12 kg, height = 1.75 ± 00.9 m, BMI = 22.94 ± 2.50 kg/m2, foot size = 41.60 ± 3.00) with and without preventive functional taping for lateral ankle sprain (LAS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant decrease in YBT was observed in the taped participants toward anterior (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and posterolateral (<i>p</i> = 0.005) motion. On the static measures at the pressure platform, an increase in peak pressure at the midfoot (<i>p</i> = 0.001), a decrease in the maximum pressure in the forefoot (<i>p</i> = 0.003) and a decrease in the contact surface in the rearfoot (<i>p</i> = 0.003) were recorded. Dynamic measures at the pressure platform analysis showed a statistically significant decrease in contact surface at the rearfoot (<i>p</i> = 0.001), an increase in mean pressure in both the midfoot (<i>p</i> = 0.044) and forefoot (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and a significant decrease in velocity in the forefoot (<i>p</i> = 0.003).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, we observed that ankle taping led to increased peak pressures in the midfoot and decreased maximum pressures in the forefoot, indicating a shift in load distribution within the plantar surface. Simultaneously, a significant reduction in the velocity at the forefoot during dynamic tasks suggests that taping may alter natural gait dynamics, potentially affecting movement efficiency and stride characteristics. In addition, the application of ankle taping significantly altered balance, as evidenced by a decrease of YBT scores anterior and posterolateral directions. Prophylactic taping in patients with no prior history of LAS is not recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical outcomes in patients with Achilles tendon rupture-a retrospective study.","authors":"Hüseyin Kürüm, Hacı Bayram Tosun, Faruk Aydemir, Orhan Ayas, Kübra Orhan Kürüm, Funda İpekten","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18890","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There are two main methods used to treat Achilles tendon rupture (ATR): conservative treatment and surgical intervention. Surgical techniques are divided into three main categories: open surgical repair, mini-open surgical repair, and percutaneous repair (PR). We aimed to compare clinical outcomes in individuals with ATR who were treated with PR, primary repair, and flexor hallucis longus augmentation (FHL-A) with those treated with V-Y plasty and FHL-A.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study involved 54 patients who underwent ATR surgical intervention retrospectively. Thirty-two of these were identified as acute and 22 were chronic rupture patients. PR was performed in 32 patients, primary repair and FHL-A in 14 patients, and V-Y plasty and FHL-A in eight patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean forward jump was 142.69 ± 7.14 cm in individuals who received PR, 137.71 ± 4.51 cm in those who received primary repair + FHL-A, and 123.88 ± 3.09 cm in those who received V-Y plasty + FHL-A (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The decrease in the mean vertical jump distance on the operated side compared to the contralateral extremity was 0.97 ± 0.93, 2.07 ± 0.99, and 3.00 ± 1.69 cm in individuals who underwent PR, primary repair + FHL-A, and V-Y plasty + FHL-A, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The decrease in the mean dorsiflexion of the operated side ankle compared to the contralateral extremity was found to be 4.34 ± 1.18, 1.93 ± 1.07, and 2.38 ± 0.92 degrees in individuals who underwent PR, primary repair + FHL-A, and V-Y plasty + FHL-A, respectively (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although no surgical technique is completely superior to another, better performance tests were observed after PR repair compared to open surgery in individuals involved in sports, but rerupture, dorsiflexion restriction, and painful ankle were disadvantages. FHL-A, which has gained popularity in recent years, showed better performance in tests by contributing to more stable and stronger ankles in sporting individuals with chronic ruptures who had undergone open surgery. FHL-A can be utilized in addition to primary surgical intervention in individuals with high performance expectations before and after injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18890"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781266/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety profile of EZH2 inhibitors for cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhou Zhao, Xiufeng Chen, Huayang Pang, Yan Shi, Hao Sun","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18871","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the safety profiles of EZH2-targeted inhibitors in cancer treatment, focusing on treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) across various clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using data from clinical trials involving EZH2 inhibitors reported up to May 31, 2024. Databases searched included PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials), and ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies included were those involving patients treated with EZH2 inhibitors as monotherapy or in combination, specifically detailing the incidence of TRAEs. Data on all-grade TRAEs, grade 3 or higher TRAEs, and severe TRAEs were extracted and analyzed using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our systematic review and meta-analysis included 22 studies encompassing 1,002 patients who met the inclusion criteria. TRAEs were commonly observed during EZH2 inhibitor therapy, affecting 86% of patients (95% CI [79-94%]%; I² = 89.5%). The incidence of grade 3 or higher TRAEs was 33% (95% CI [21-44%]; I² = 93.5%), while severe TRAEs occurred in 15% of the cases (95% CI [9-22%]; I² = 87.5%). The most frequently reported grade 3 or higher TRAEs in the pooled analysis were neutropenia (8%), thrombocytopenia (8%), and anemia (6%). Specifically, for tazemetostat, the most common grade 3 or higher TRAE was neutropenia (5%). For SHR2554, the most prevalent grade 3 or higher TRAEs were thrombocytopenia (17%), neutropenia (8%), and anemia (7%). Notably, treatment-related fatalities were rare, with only 0.9% of patients experiencing potentially fatal outcomes due to therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EZH2 inhibitors demonstrate a manageable safety profile with a low incidence of severe TRAEs, emphasizing their potential as safe therapeutic options in cancer treatment. The low rate of severe TRAEs and the rare occurrences of treatment-related deaths support the continued clinical use and further investigation of EZH2 inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18871"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel ddPCR™ assay for eDNA detection and quantification of Greater Amberjack <i>Seriola dumerilli</i> and three congeners in US waters: challenges and application to fisheries independent surveys.","authors":"P Joana Dias, Ryan Lehman, Bryan L Huerta-Beltrán, Ana Wheeler, Crystal L Hightower, Jessica Heise, Theodore Switzer, Clint Rhode, J Marcus Drymon, Lynne Stokes, Mark A Albins, Sean Powers, Nicole Phillips","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18778","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18778","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Four &lt;i&gt;Seriola&lt;/i&gt; species support recreational and commercial fisheries along the U.S. Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico, with the &lt;i&gt;S. dumerili&lt;/i&gt; Gulf of Mexico stock being overfished for over three decades. The study presented here is part of a fisheries-independent project initiated to determine an absolute abundance of &lt;i&gt;S. dumerili&lt;/i&gt;, to expand biological knowledge of the species and to develop novel tools for fisheries management. Environmental DNA (eDNA) tools aimed at the detection and quantification of target species are starting to emerge in support of marine fisheries surveys. Key to progressing the field is Droplet Digital™ PCR (ddPCR™), a highly sensitive technique with advanced multiplexing and direct quantification capabilities that can provide fisheries scientists with improved interpretation of eDNA data.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;We developed and validated a novel tetraplex ddPCR™ assay able to detect and distinguish between &lt;i&gt;S. dumerili&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. fasciata&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;S. rivoliana&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;S. zonata&lt;/i&gt; from seawater eDNA samples. In order to groundtruth ddPCR™ data, and explore its capacity to provide abundance estimates, we compared ddPCR™ detections and quantifications to abundance data inferred from multiple camera (ROV, S-BRUV, chevron trap) and acoustic (VPS array) gears deployed during a fisheries research gear-calibration cruise.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;We demonstrated that with eDNA contamination controls and best practice protocols, it is viable to conduct eDNA research as part of a fisheries survey cruise. eDNA sampling was completed in less time than camera gears (15 min &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt; 2 h). Both eDNA and camera gears detected the presence of &lt;i&gt;S. dumerili&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S. rivoliana&lt;/i&gt; at both sites and all sampling days, but not &lt;i&gt;S. fasciata&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;S. zonata&lt;/i&gt;. eDNA concentration data was higher for &lt;i&gt;S. dumerili&lt;/i&gt; than &lt;i&gt;S. rivoliana&lt;/i&gt; at both sites for all sampling days, in line with abundance patterns obtained from camera gears. The highest correlation (r = 0.97) was obtained between the measures of eDNA between gear deployments and ROV.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Discussion: &lt;/strong&gt;Incorporating eDNA in fisheries surveys would not require additional days at sea and could improve precision in fish detection and abundance. eDNA can be a valuable complement to camera gears deployed in geographic areas or seasons with poor visibility conditions, where fish may be present but cannot be confidently identified to the species level. The high correlation obtained between ROV and eDNA data collected between gear deployments adds to a growing number of studies demonstrating the potential of eDNA as an indicator of abundance for fisheries stock assessments. Time-series data from a carefully designed eDNA survey, that estimates relative abundance, could be used as an index of relative abundance for the &lt;i&gt;S. dumerili&lt;/i&gt; stock assessment. To achieve this, investment in","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18778"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11781265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143067127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of physical activity levels on lactate production during squat training using a functional electromechanical dynamometer.","authors":"Indya Del-Cuerpo, Daniel Jerez-Mayorga, Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos, Felipe Caamaño-Navarrete, Pedro Delgado-Floody","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18215","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the association between changes in lactate production and levels of physical activity in a group of healthy young adults in response to two squat training protocols.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Twenty-nine students majoring in Sports Science willingly participated in this study. Participants visited the lab four times within a two-week period, ensuring at least 48 h between visits. In each session, they completed three sets of 12 repetitions at 75% 1RM and three sets of 30 repetitions at 50% of maximum strength, with the order of protocols being randomized.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the regression analysis, there was a significant positive association between lactate delta changes immediately post-squat at 50% of maximum strength at session 2 with the variable \"sex: women\" (β: 3.02, 95% CI [-0.18-0.30], <i>p</i> = 0.047) and BMI (kg/m²). Age exhibited a positive association (β: 0.19, 95% CI [0.02-0.36], <i>p</i> = 0.032) with lactate delta changes immediately post-squat at 75% of maximum strength at session 2. There was also a significant inverse association between lactate delta changes at 10 min post-squat test exercise at 75% of maximum strength at session 1 and 2, and vigorous physical activity (-0.01, 95% CI [-0.02-0.00], <i>p</i> = 0.046).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the association between lactate production and physical activity levels in young, healthy adults undergoing different squat training protocols. These findings suggest that intense physical activity may be associated with lower lactate production, indicating greater metabolic efficiency. In addition, sex differences in metabolic responses were observed, emphasizing the importance of personalized approaches in program design.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771300/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A plant-derived biostimulant Aminolom Enzimatico® application stimulates chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, stomata density and root yield of radishes under salinity stress.","authors":"Gamze Kaya","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18804","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18804","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biostimulants stimulate plant growth and tolerance to salinity stress, which creates unfavorable conditions for plant growth from emergence to harvest; however, little is known about their roles in triggering salt tolerance. Therefore, the study aimed to determine how applying a foliar plant-derived biostimulant (Aminolom Enzimatico® 24%) affects the growth (leaf area, biomass weight, root diameter, root fresh weight, and water-soluble dry matter), physiology (chlorophyll content, electrolyte leakage, cell membrane stability, and relative water content), and stomata of the lower and upper parts of leaves in radish plants (<i>Raphanus sativus</i> L.) under salinity stress. Radish plantlets at 7 d old were irrigated with saline water (<i>i.e</i>., 50, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl), and the biostimulant was sprayed twice at 7 d intervals. Under salinity stress, increased water-soluble dry matter content was detected, along with reduced plant biomass weight, root fresh weight, and root diameter. Meanwhile, the foliar biostimulant increased the mean root fresh weight, biomass fresh weight, and leaf area by 12%, 13.6%, and 24% compared to the control, respectively. Increasing NaCl dramatically reduced leaf area and relative water content, whereas chlorophyll content and stomata densities on both sides of the leaves improved. By regulating physiological parameters and thereby promoting root and leaf growth, the biostimulant application improved the radish plants' tolerance to salinity stress up to 100 mM NaCl. Spraying the biostimulant can also boost plant growth, root yield, and radish quality under moderate salinity stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18804"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11771304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143053066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}