PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Sialyltransferase-related genes as predictive factors for therapeutic response and prognosis in cervical cancer.","authors":"Jia Shao, Can Zhang, Yaonan Tang, Aiqin He, Xiangyan Cheng","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19422","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cancer-associated hypersialylation is believed to be related to the metastatic cell phenotype and the suppression of sialyltransferases (SiaTs) has been suggested to be a potent preventive strategy against metastasis. The present research discovered SiaTs-related genes for cervical cancer (CC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were applied to obtain the relevant samples. Mutation dataset were processed using mutect2 software. The gene modules were obtained <i>via</i> weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), and the enrichment analysis on the genes within the modules was implemented. Cox regression analysis and \"glmnet\" R package were applied to establish the relevant risk model. \"MCPcounter\" R package, ESTIMATE algorithm and TIMER online tools were used to depict the tumor immune microenvironment in CC. The mutation landscape was additionally plotted, and the response to immunotherapy in different cohorts were compared. Further reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and Transwell assays were performed to verify the expression and potential function of the screened key genes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mutation of 14 SiaTs was seen in CC. Subsequently, WGCNA-based identification of SiaTs-related gene modules was significantly enriched in metabolism-related pathways. The established RiskScore model manifested excellent prognostic classification efficiency. A poorer prognosis and occurrence of both immune evasion and reduced immunoreactivity may be seen in high-risk patients yet relatively higher immune cell scores were noticeable in low-risk patients. Angiogenesis and MYC target V2 may be the differentially activated pathways in high-risk patients, while those in low-risk patients were KRAS Signaling DN and Interferon alpha response. In addition, most immune checkpoint-correlated genes were identified to express higher in low-risk patients, while higher sensitivities to chemotherapy drugs was discovered in high-risk patients. Cellular assays have revealed that <i>KCNK15</i>, <i>LIF</i>, <i>TCN2</i>, <i>SERPINF2</i>, and <i>CXCL3</i> were highly expressed yet <i>PIH1D2</i>, <i>DTX1</i> and <i>GCNT2</i> were low-expressed in Hela cells and that silencing <i>CXCL3</i> diminished the number of migrated and invaded Hela cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, we systematically constructed and validated a risk scoring model based on SiaTs-related genes, which can effectively predict the prognosis and potential response to immunotherapy and chemotherapy in CC patients. This provides a new molecular basis and clinical reference for achieving individualized treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19422"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of red blood cell distribution width-platelet ratio with mortality after coronary artery bypass grafting.","authors":"Bufan Zhang, Yize Liu, Jiyang Zuo, Tianxu Song, Naishi Wu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19472","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aims to explore the association between red blood cell distribution width-platelet ratio (RPR) and mortality in patients after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on patients who underwent CABG from January 1, 2021, to July 31, 2022, were retrospectively collected. The locally weighted scatter plot smoothing (Lowess) method was utilized to display the crude association between RPR and in-hospital mortality. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were used to assess the discrimination. The cut-off value (0.107) of RPR was calculated using the Youden index method. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 1,258 patients were included. The Lowess curve showed an approximate positive linear relationship between RPR and in-hospital mortality. In the multivariable logistic regression model, RPR was an independent risk factor (OR 1.493, 95% CI [1.119-1.992] per standard deviation (SD) increase, <i>p</i> = 0.006) for in-hospital mortality after CABG. RPR (AUC 0.716, 95% CI [0.617-0.814]) demonstrated greater discrimination than RDW (AUC 0.578, 95% CI [0.477-0.680], <i>p</i> = 0.002). The cut-off value (0.107) of RPR was calculated for further analysis, and groups were further divided into the high RPR group (≥ 0.107) and the low RPR group (< 0.107). In the multivariable logistic regression model, high RPR (≥ 0.107) correlated with elevated risks of in-hospital mortality (OR 6.097, 95% CI [2.308-16.104], <i>p</i> < 0.001) and one-year mortality (OR 6.395, 95% CI [2.610-15.666], <i>p</i> < 0.001) after adjusting for all included covariates. Subgroup analyses revealed that high RPR consistently had increased risks of in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality. Besides, patients with low RPR show better one-year survival than those with high RPR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Preoperative high RPR could serve as an independent risk predictor for in-hospital mortality and one-year mortality, which can be utilized to assess the prognosis of patients and further provide guidance for the treatment in patients following CABG.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of a novel <i>Ligia</i> species from Nihoa, a remote island in the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument.","authors":"Carlos A Santamaria, Annabelle Bork, Alexandra J Larson, Daniel J Link","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19373","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19373","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Isopods in the genus <i>Ligia</i> have been shown to harbor deeply divergent genetic lineages that have, in some instances, been recognized as cryptic species. For instance, the use of molecular taxonomic approaches to characterize coastal <i>Ligia</i> from the Hawaiian Islands led to the redescription of <i>Ligia hawaiensis</i>, the sole endemic coastal species previously recognized in the region, and to the description of seven new species endemic to the region. These species appear to be highly restricted to rift zones within single islands, single islands, or previously connected islands, suggesting these species evolved in allopatry. These findings, coupled with the poor dispersal capabilities exhibited by <i>Ligia</i> isopods and the geology of the Hawaiian Islands, suggest that additional cryptic species may exist in highly isolated populations yet to be studied. Studies to date have characterized <i>Ligia</i> from throughout the younger Hawaiian Islands (<i>e.g.</i>, Kaua' i, O' ahu, Moloka' i, Maui, Lanai, and Hawai' i); however, no endemic <i>Ligia</i> populations from the older islands and more remote islands that form part of the Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) have been studied. This region represents the largest marine conservation area in the USA, and includes at least three islands where <i>L. hawaiensis</i> have been previously reported from. Herein, we apply molecular taxonomic approaches to characterize <i>Ligia</i> specimens from Nihoa, a remote island in the PMNM. Results show that <i>Ligia</i> from Nihoa form a highly divergent that is reciprocally monophyletic lineage with other Hawaiian <i>Ligia</i> species. This lineage, described as <i>Ligia barack</i> sp. nov., adds to the known biodiversity of the PMNM and highlights the importance of continued exploration and conservation of this remote and highly biodiverse region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19373"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103841/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-elephant conflicts and attitude of the local communities toward African elephant (<i>Loxodonta africana</i>) conservation in Kafta Sheraro National Park, Tigray region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Fitsum Temesgen, Bikila Warkineh","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19428","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human-wildlife conflict (HWC), particularly elephant crop raiding, has been increasing over the past decade in Kafta Sheraro National Park (KSNP). The objectives of this study were to assess the degree of KSNP natural resources utilization by the local community, the existing human-elephant conflict (HEC), trends of the conflict, methods used to minimize their negative impacts, and community attitudes and socio-demographic influencing factors regarding the conservation of African elephant in rather than and KSNP. The survey was carried out from November 2018 to September 2020. A total of 395 household heads were selected systematically from seven kebeles (the lowest governmental administrative units of Ethiopia). Direct field observations, household-based questionnaire surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews (<i>i.e.</i>, administrators, professional experts, and park management staffs) were applied. The majority (74.51%) of the local communities utilized the park resources as grazing for livestock followed by fuel wood sources (46.04%), water sources (39.57%), and house construction materials (30.38%). More than 72% of the respondents suggested that crop raiding by elephants is a serious problem in the study area and increased in the past ten years. About 60.9% and 60.51% of the respondents mentioned that elephant-induced crop damage was during the wet season and at night, respectively. Crop damage was relatively high as cropland found inside and at the periphery of the park. Majorities of the respondents recommended that gun sounds/banging noisy materials (81.99%) and lighting fire/flashlight (44.95%) were the most common traditional protection methods from elephant crop damage. More than 56% of the respondents had positive attitudes toward the conservation of KSNP and elephant. About 54.18% of respondents were aware of park conservation and their awareness varied with age, education level, gender, settlement condition, and distance between settlement and park. The probability that males tended to respond to awareness was 3.5 times higher than that of female respondents. Males were more likely to have awareness about the aims of KSNP conservation and related issues. Factors influencing the attitude of the local community toward KSNP and elephant conservation in the area were age, education level, the distance between settlement and park, and their awareness status. Trends and levels of crop damage by elephants negatively influenced communities' attitudes toward elephant conservation. Significant variation (<i>P</i> < 0.05) of respondents was observed on HEC, trends of crop damage, mitigation measures, awareness, and their attitudes toward protected area (PA) and elephant conservation. Therefore, the smooth coexistence of KSNP and wildlife/elephants with the local communities could be maintained by establishing buffer zones in the area to ensure conservation sustainability and community livelihoods.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19428"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen sulfide protects against cisplatin-induced experimental nephrotoxicity in animal models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Zhenyuan Han, Tianyu Deng, Dechao Yan, Yutao Jia, Jing Tang, Xiaoyan Wang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19481","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (cis-AKI) is not rare in oncological patients clinically, but there are limited prevention and treatment methods available. The efficacy of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) in mitigating cis-AKI has been studied and determined in animal models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>According to the pre-registered program (PROSPERO: CRD 42023463779), we searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases using the keywords: hydrogen sulfide, cisplatin, acute kidney injury, and alternatives. A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria were included. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and aggregated using random effects meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that H₂S treatment significantly improved renal function (serum creatinine SMD = -2.96, 95% CI [-3.72 to -2.19], <i>p</i> < 0.00001; blood urea nitrogen SMD = -2.73, 95% CI [-3.68 to -1.78], <i>p</i> < 0.00001), decreased oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase SMD = 2.90, 95% CI [1.36-4.43], <i>p</i> = 0.0002) and inflammation levels (interleukin-1β SMD = -4.41, 95% CI [-5.84 to -2.97], <i>p</i> < 0.00001). However, there was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies (I² > 70%). Further subgroup analysis did not show a clear source of the heterogeneity, but various H₂S donors exhibited positive renal protection in those studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>H₂S could be a new approach for treating cis-AKI, while the differential efficacies among natural and slow-release H₂S donors remain to be compared and evaluated further. This meta-analysis may shed light on establishing preclinical and clinical investigation guidelines for treating human cis-AKI with H₂S donors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repeatability and reproducibility of Keratograph 5M corneal topography.","authors":"Sara Ortiz-Toquero, Irene Sanchez, Raul Martin","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19478","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Corneal topography is an important diagnostic tool and highly repeatable and reproducible topographic devices are essential in eye care practice. Placido disc-based topography is one of the most widely used methods because of its high resolution and accuracy. The aim of this study was to analyse the intrasession repeatability and intersession reproducibility of measurements obtained with a Keratograph 5M in a sample of healthy subjects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three consecutive measurements were performed with a Keratograph 5M during two sessions in 24 healthy subjects to calculate the within-subject standard deviation (Sw), repeatability and reproducibility limits, coefficient of variation (CoV), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of corneal curvature (K1, K2 and Max-K), eccentricity, corneal diameter, and corneal aberration (6-mm pupil; coma, trefoil, spherical aberration, secondary astigmatism and quadrafoil).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences were found between the three measurements in either session (<i>P</i> ≥ 0.06). The corneal parameters that demonstrated the best repeatability were corneal curvature and corneal diameter with a CoV, and the ICCs ranged from 0.41% and 0.990 (corneal diameter) to 0.28% and 0.998 (K2). Eccentricity and corneal aberrations had lower repeatability results, with CoVs and ICCs ranging from 3.88% and 0.992 (spherical aberration) to 40.21% and 0.643 (quadrafoil), respectively. In the case of reproducibility, excellent results were obtained for corneal curvature and diameter measurements (CoV ≤ 0.36% and ICC ≥ 0.987), with moderate reproducibility for corneal eccentricity (CoV ≥ 2.03% and ICC ≤ 0.986), secondary astigmatism (CoV = 20.05% and ICC = 0.787), and quadrafoil (CoV = 23.55% and ICC = 0.696).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Keratograph 5M demonstrated excellent repeatability and reproducibility in measuring corneal curvature and corneal diameter in healthy subjects. Corneal eccentricity shows moderate accuracy, whereas corneal aberrations (except coma, trefoil, and spherical aberrations) exhibit moderate measurement reliability and should be interpreted with caution in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19478"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in patients with serous cavity effusion of undetermined origin: a retrospective clinical study.","authors":"Xianwen Hu, Ya Li, Jiong Cai, Pan Wang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19495","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19495","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The diagnostic performance of positron emission tomography with fluoro-18 fluorodeoxyglucose integrated with computed tomography (¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT) in identifying the primary cause of unknown serous effusion and malignant tumors with serous metastasis was evaluated in our study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 134 patients with unexplained serous cavity effusion, including pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and ascites, who underwent ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT scans. The cohort comprised 94 cases of malignant disease and 40 cases of benign disease. Visual analysis of all ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT images and semi-quantitative analysis by measuring maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the region of interest were performed. The diagnostic capabilities of SUVmax, Ca125, Ca199, and serum carcinoembryonic antigen were compared by plotting the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary disease of serous cavity effusion was diagnosed with a sensitivity of 90.1%, specificity of 78.8%, and accuracy of 85.7% using ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. The SUVmax of primary malignant lesions was found to be significantly higher than that of benign lesions, with values of 12.83 ± 6.64 and 4.48 ± 3.16 (<i>P</i> < 0.001), respectively. The detection of serous cavity metastasis by PET/CT showed a sensitivity of 84.3%, specificity of 94.0%, and accuracy of 88.3%. In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the curve of SUVmax was the largest (<i>P</i> < 0.01), significantly surpassing that of serum Ca125, Ca199, and CEA.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT was determined to be an effective imaging modality for detecting undetermined serous cavity effusion, exhibiting high diagnostic performance in the differentiation of primary disease from benign to malignant and the evaluation of serous cavity metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19495"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103840/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing-based detection of brown spot needle blight: a comprehensive review, and future directions.","authors":"Swati Singh, Lana L Narine, Janna R Willoughby, Lori G Eckhardt","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19407","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pine forests are increasingly threatened by needle diseases, including Brown Spot Needle Blight (BSNB), caused by <i>Lecanosticta acicola</i>. BSNB leads to needle loss, reduced growth, significant tree mortality, and disruptions in global timber production. Due to its severity, <i>L. acicola</i> is designated as a quarantine pathogen in several countries, requiring effective early detection and control of its spread. Remote sensing (RS) technologies provide scalable and efficient solutions for broad-scale disease surveillance. This study systematically reviews RS-based methods for detecting BSNB symptoms, assessing current research trends and potential applications. A comprehensive bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science database indicated that direct RS applications for BSNB remain scarce. However, studies on other needle diseases demonstrated the effectiveness of multisource RS techniques for symptom detection, spatial mapping, and severity assessment. Advancements in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have further improved RS capabilities for automated disease classification and predictive modeling in forest health monitoring. Climate-driven factors, such as temperature and precipitation, regulate the distribution and severity of emerging pathogens. Geospatial analyses and species distribution modeling (SDM) have been successfully applied to predict BSNB pathogen's range expansion under changing climatic conditions. Integrating these models with RS-based monitoring enhances early detection and risk assessment. However, despite these advancements, direct RS applications for BSNB detection remain limited. This review identifies key knowledge gaps and highlights the need for further research to optimize RS-based methodologies, refine predictive models, and develop early warning systems for improved forest management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19407"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103847/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term safety and efficacy of aspirin in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","authors":"Liwen Xue, Yuhan Qi, Yingying Zou","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19466","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19466","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Coagulation activation and inflammatory derangements are key characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Aspirin therapy in patients with COVID-19 remains uncertain due to conflicting evidence regarding its ability to balance anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic benefits against potential bleeding risks in the context of COVID-19-associated coagulopathy. This study aimed to compare the clinical safety and efficacy of aspirin in patients with COVID-19 in randomized controlled trials (RCTs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for RCTs from database inception to January 13, 2023. Data were independently extracted and screened by two authors using structured data collection forms based on published reports. Results were calculated using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with the Mantel-Haenszel method. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The main outcomes were short-term all-cause mortality, bleeding events and any thrombosis events. This meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 922 studies were identified. Finally, six RCTs with low risk of bias were pooled in the analysis. The results showed that aspirin use was not associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.88-1.03], I² = 0%) or the risk of any thrombosis (RR 0.88, 95% CI [0.77-1.01], I² = 0%), but aspirin use was associated with a higher risk of bleeding (OR 1.72, 95% CI [1.32-2.24], I² = 0%). No obvious risk of bias was found among the included RCTs for the primary outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Routine low-dose aspirin use does not reduce the risk of short-term mortality and risk of any thrombosis but increases the risk of bleeding. The data does not support the use of low-dose aspirin in patients with COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19466"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103164/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing stretch-shortening cycle performance: effects of drop height and landing strategy on lower-limb biomechanics in drop jumps.","authors":"Qin Zhang, Fei Li, Danielle Anne Trowell, Muzu Hou, Zhenghe Qiu, Shiqin Chen, Haifeng Ma","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19490","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19490","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The stretch-shortening cycle (SSC) enhances performance in jumping, sprinting, and changes of direction. Drop heights and landing strategies affect its efficiency. This study investigates the effects of varying drop heights and landing strategies (hip- <i>vs</i>. knee-dominant) on lower-limb stretch-shortening cycle performance during drop jumps (DJs), which involve a drop followed by an immediate vertical jump.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A three-dimensional (3D) motion capture system and force plate collected biomechanical data from 18 college athletes performing DJs with hip- and knee-dominant strategies at 30, 45, and 60 cm heights. A two-factor repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) compared peak impact force, reactive strength index (RSI), leg stiffness (K_leg), joint stiffness (K_joint), joint angular displacement, change in joint moment, and joint work (positive, negative, net) across heights and strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Drop height significantly affected biomechanical variables (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Peak impact force and negative joint work increased from 30 cm to 60 cm, with the highest values at 60 cm. RSI, K_leg, K_joint, and net joint work peaked at 30 cm. Landing strategy significantly influenced outcomes (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The knee-dominant strategy had higher peak impact force, RSI, K_leg, knee angular displacement, change in knee moment, and ankle work, but lower net knee work, compared to the hip-dominant strategy, which showed higher hip angular displacement and hip work. A significant interaction was observed between drop height and landing strategy (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The knee-dominant strategy had greater RSI, K_leg, and positive ankle work at 30 cm, while the hip-dominant strategy had greater negative ankle work at 60 cm.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In DJs, SSC performance was optimised at a 30 cm drop height, with peak efficiency observed in the knee-dominant strategy. At 45 and 60 cm, SSC efficiency declined and knee energy dissipation increased, while the hip-dominant strategy may provide greater joint protection by increasing energy dissipation at the ankle. These findings suggest the knee-dominant strategy is best suited to 30 cm, whereas the hip-dominant strategy may enhance safety at higher drop heights.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19490"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12103163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}