PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Tolerance and antioxidant response to heavy metals are differentially activated in <i>Trichoderma asperellum</i> and <i>Trichoderma longibrachiatum</i>.","authors":"Diego Helman Zapata-Sarmiento, Aida Araceli Rodríguez-Hernández, Gabriela Sepúlveda-Jiménez, Mario Rodríguez-Monroy","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19016","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Heavy metal pollution reduces the community of soil microorganisms, including fungi from the genus &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt;, which are plant growth promotors and biological control agents. Because of potential effects on crop productivity, the toxic effects of heavy metals (HMs) in &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; are of interest. However, there have been few studies on the biochemical and molecular response to oxidation caused by exposure to copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) and whether this antioxidant response is species-specific. In this study, we compared the tolerance of &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma asperellum&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma longibrachiatum&lt;/i&gt; to Cu, Pb, and Cr and evaluated the expression of genes related to the antioxidant response, including glutathione peroxidase (&lt;i&gt;GPX&lt;/i&gt;), catalase (&lt;i&gt;CAT&lt;/i&gt;), and cysteine synthase (&lt;i&gt;CYS&lt;/i&gt;) as well as the activity of peroxidase and catalase. The isolates of &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; were selected because we previously reported them as promotors of plant growth and agents of biological control. Our results revealed that, with exposure to the three HMs, the &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; cultures formed aggregates and the culture color changed according to the metal and the &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; species. The tolerance index (TI) indicated that the two &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; species were tolerant of HMs (Cu &gt; Cr &gt; Pb). However, the TI and conidia production revealed that &lt;i&gt;T. longibrachiatum&lt;/i&gt; was more tolerant of HMs than &lt;i&gt;T. asperellum&lt;/i&gt;. The three HMs caused oxidative damage in both &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; species, but the enzyme activity and gene expression were differentially regulated based on exposure time (72 and 144 h) to the HMs and &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; species. The main changes occurred in &lt;i&gt;T. asperellum&lt;/i&gt;; the maximum expression of the &lt;i&gt;GPX&lt;/i&gt; gene occurred at 144 h in response to all three HMs, whereas the &lt;i&gt;CAT&lt;/i&gt; gene was upregulated at 72 h in response to Cu but downregulated at 144 h in response to all three HMs. The &lt;i&gt;CYS&lt;/i&gt; gene was upregulated in response to the three metals. The peroxidase activity increased with all three HMs, but the catalase activity increased with Cu and Pb at 72 h and decreased at 144 h with Pb and Cr. In &lt;i&gt;T. longibrachiatum&lt;/i&gt;, the &lt;i&gt;GPX&lt;/i&gt; gene was upregulated with all three HMs at 72 h, the &lt;i&gt;CAT&lt;/i&gt; gene was upregulated only with Pb at 72 h and was downregulated at 144 h with HMs. Cr and Cu upregulated &lt;i&gt;CYS&lt;/i&gt; gene expression, but expression did not change with Pb. The peroxidase activity increased with Cu at 144 h and with Cr at 72 h, whereas Pb decreased the enzyme activity. In contrast, catalase activity increased with the three metals at 144 h. In conclusion, &lt;i&gt;T. longibrachiatum&lt;/i&gt; was more tolerant of Cu, Cr, and Pb than was &lt;i&gt;T. asperellum&lt;/i&gt;, but exposure to all three HMs caused oxidative damage to both &lt;i&gt;Trichoderma&lt;/i&gt; species. Peroxidases and catalases were activated, and the expression of the genes &lt;i&gt;GPX&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;CYS&lt;/i&gt; was upregulated, whereas t","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19016"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing between virtual reality based pre-clinical implantation training and traditional learning methods.","authors":"Yangjie Li, Xu Chen, Yuan Ding Huang, Qingqing He, Dize Li, Shanshan Hu, Peng Xu, Tao Chen, Xiongwen Ran","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18891","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>As dental implanting becomes an increasing demand among patients with tooth loss, an efficient and effective training for students is to be necessary. In this case, we anticipate the possible application of virtual reality (VR) technology to pre-clinical implantation training (PCIT) in order to improve the students' learning efficiency and effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study divided 20 subjects into two groups on average-VR based PCIT (experimental group) and traditional PCIT (control group) with the completion of the background survey (BS) before PCITs, to guarantee no apparent backgroud variation including learning of oral implantology and VR technology, learning habits, interests and hobbies, <i>etc</i>. All subjects received identical professional tests (T-1, T-2, T-3) before, in and after PCITs to assess the knowledge mastery condition and maintaining levels. Along with both PCITs, the subjective evaluation tests (SET) were distributed to collect the subjective feedback data so as to analyze the preference to each PCIT. Meanwhile the total interaction time, learning duration per subject were recorded for the performance analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results show that from T-1 to T-2 period, the score of VR based PCIT increased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). And the results of SET show that subjects in VR based PCIT generally obtain over one score higher than the ones in traditional PCIT as for the items of \"Convenience\", \"Interest\", \"Comfort\", \"Confidence\" and \"Subjective initiative\" except \"Precision\". During both PCITs, VR based PCIT shows a shorter learning duration and sufficient one-on-one interaction opportunities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Compared with traditional PCIT, VR based PCIT has obvious influence on enhancing students' knowledge mastery, study willingness and learning efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18891"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conceptual replication of the Psychological Typhoon Eye effect in the aftermath of the Petrinja earthquake in Croatia.","authors":"Gaëtan Mertens, Marta Dürrigl","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Psychological Typhoon Eye (PTE) effect refers to the observation that those living in the epicenters of natural disasters or public emergencies exhibit lower levels of psychological distress than those living further away. The effect has been described in the aftermath of multiple public emergencies, including the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. However, despite its potential importance for emergency relieve, this phenomenon has received little research attention and requires further replication. The goals of this study were to replicate the PTE effect using both the original items used in prior research and using the validated Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scales (DASS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted following an earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 on the Richter scale that occurred in December 2020 in Petrinja, Croatia. The sample consisted of 316 participants living in Croatia at the time of the earthquake. Questionnaires were administered through an online survey, including the DASS, the items used in previous research, and questionnaires measuring general and earthquake-specific coping. Exposure to the earthquake was operationalized as the degree of devastation participants had experienced (<i>i.e</i>., the degree of structural damage to their home as assessed by local authorities). In line with previous work, we tested for an inverse relationship between the experienced level of devastation and the different measures of psychological distress (<i>i.e</i>., the items used in previous work and the DASS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found no evidence for the PTE effect in our study. Instead, we observed a ripple effect, whereby those most affected by the earthquake showed the most psychological distress. We argue that the ripple effect, rather than the PTE effect, should be seen as the default psychological response pattern to natural disasters and emergencies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11867031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143524099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mountain papaya may be a possible reservoir of the Kashmir bee virus.","authors":"Jorge Y Faúndez-Acuña, Diego Verdugo, David Vergara, Gerardo Olivares, Gabriel I Ballesteros, Karla Quiroz, Carlos A Villarroel, Gloria González","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18634","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18634","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Kashmir bee virus (KBV) infects many species of Hymenoptera, including bees, wasps, and other pollinators, potentially contributing to honeybee population declines. KBV can cause death of bees. KBV can infect through both vertical transmission (from queen to larvae and vice versa) and horizontal transmission (via food contamination). Plants pollinated by bees may be a source of horizontal transmission, through fecal contamination of pollen and flowers by infected pollinators, both intra- and interspecifically. Pollinated plants constitute a source of KBV intra- and inter-species horizontal transmission, particularly by the contamination of pollen and flowers by feces of KBV-infected pollinators.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>We test for the presence of KBV sequences in the transcriptomes of Vasconcellea pubescens, a commercially valuable plant species known as mountain papaya. We mapped transcriptomes from fruit, leaves, and root tissues to the KBV reference genome with 91% coverage, from which we produced a consensus sequence denominated Kashmir bee virus ch. phylogenetic analysis revealed that KBV-Ch shares 97% nucleotide identity with the reference genome, and groups with other KBV strains isolated from Spain, Chile and New Zealand.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18634"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The optimal training intervention for improving the change of direction performance of adolescent team-sport athletes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Yonghui Chen, Maiwulanjiang Tulhongjiang, Tianpeng Ling, Xinmiao Feng, Jing Mi, Ruidong Liu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18971","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to the influence of growth, adolescent team-sport athletes have the need to improve their change of direction (COD) performance and reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries during COD. However, the optimal intervention for improving COD performance has not yet been determined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To quantitatively assess the effects of diverse training interventions on COD performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search of five databases was conducted, adhering to the PRISMA guidelines. Randomized controlled trials that examined 10 distinct training interventions for COD performance in adolescent team-sport athletes were emphasized. Effect sizes were represented as standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% credible intervals (CI). The Cochrane study risk assessment tool evaluated the risk of bias in the selected studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 36 studies analyzed, involving 1,125 participants. Eccentric overload training (EOT) (SMD = -2.06, 95% CI [-2.83 to -1.29]) emerged as the most effective training method for overall COD performance. Subgroup analysis shows that combined training (COM) (SMD = -2.14, 95% CI [-3.54 to -0.74]) was the best training intervention for COD performance with angles less than 90°. EOT (SMD = -2.84, 95% CI [-4.62 to -1.07]) also was two best training intervention for COD performance with angles greater than 90°.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The choice of training intervention should be determined based on the COD angle. When the COD angle exceeds 90° or is not restricted, EOT is the optimal intervention; however, this is not the case for angles below 90°. Further high-quality studies are needed in the future to validate these findings. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO CRD42024501819.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18971"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143492555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of water-based aerobic training on anthropometric, biochemical, cardiovascular, and explosive strength parameters in young overweight and obese women: a randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Imen Ben Cheikh, Hamza Marzouki, Okba Selmi, Bilel Cherni, Siwar Bouray, Ezdine Bouhlel, Anissa Bouassida, Beat Knechtle, Yung-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19020","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a major health concern that raises the risk of chronic illnesses such as heart disease, diabetes, and metabolic disorders. Traditional workouts such as running or walking can be difficult for overweight individuals due to the heavy impact on joints, which causes discomfort and the possibility of injury. Water-based exercises offer a low-impact alternative that overweight people may find more tolerable. There is minimal research on the specific effects of structured water aerobic exercise on health markers in young overweight and obese women, despite the acknowledged benefits of physical activity for weight control and overall health. This study aimed to assess the effects of 10-week water-based aerobic training (thrice a week) on anthropometric, biochemical, cardiovascular parameters, and explosive strength in young overweight and obese women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a randomized controlled trial with a pre-to-post testing design, twenty-seven young overweight and obese women (age: 27 ± 1 years; body mass index (BMI) = 30.0 ± 3.1) were randomly assigned into experimental (EG: performing a water-based aerobic training, <i>n</i> = 16) or control (CG: maintaining their usual activities during the intervention, <i>n</i> = 11) groups. The pre- and post-intervention participants were assessed for their anthropometrics (body height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat and circumferences), biochemical (fasting glycemia, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG)), cardiovascular parameters (resting blood pressure and resting heart rate (RHR)), and explosive strength of upper and lower limbs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EG showed reductions in body weight, BMI, %BF, fasting glycemia, and TG, along with improvements in HDL-C, LDL-C, RHR, and explosive strength (all <i>p</i> < 0.05; effect size (ES) = 0.180-1.512, trivial to large). In contrast, CG exhibited increases in body weight, BMI, fasting glycemia, LDL-C, and RHR (all <i>p</i> < 0.05; ES = 0.127-0.993, trivial to large), with no significant changes observed in other measured variables. EG showed superior post-test results in fasting glycemia (<i>p</i> < 0.0001; ES = 2.559, large), LDL-C (<i>p</i> < 0.0001; ES = 0.971, large), and explosive strength measures (0.003 ≤ <i>p</i> < 0.0001; ES = 1.145-1.311, large) compared to the CG.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that water-based aerobic training could be a useful program to enhance anthropometric, biochemical, cardiovascular, and explosive strength parameters in young overweight and obese women compared to inactive persons.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extending the fossil record of late Oligocene non-biting midges (Chironomidae, Diptera) of New Zealand.","authors":"Viktor O Baranov, Jörg U Hammel, Daphne E Lee, Alexander R Schmidt, Uwe Kaulfuss","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18893","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The modern chironomid fauna of New Zealand is diverse, highly endemic and reflects a complex biogeographical history. This fauna has been important for developing phylogenetic and biogeographic concepts including Brundin's writings on transantarctic relationships but until now the fossil record to support these reconstructions has been very limited. Here we describe the first fossil species of Chironomidae, subfamily Orthocladiinae, from New Zealand, based on inclusions in amber from the late Oligocene Pomahaka Formation of the South Island.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined newly excavated fossil tree resin (amber) from the late Oligocene Pomahaka Formation in southern New Zealand for inclusions. Amber pieces containing chironomids were prepared and morphologically investigated using light-microscopy and µCT-scanning. Specimens were taxonomically evaluated using identification keys for modern adult chironomid midges. Habitus and key morphological features of each specimen were documented photographically and/or by line drawings.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen Chironomidae specimens from Pomahaka amber were identified as members of the subfamily Orthocladiinae Kieffer. <i>Bryophaenocladius zealandiae</i> sp. nov. Baranov is the first Southern Hemisphere fossil of the genus. <i>Bryophaenocladius</i> Thienemann, 1934 is absent from the extant fauna of the main islands of New Zealand; however, it may be present on the subantarctic Auckland Islands. Two incompletely preserved specimens are described as Morphotype 1 cf. <i>Bryophaenocladius zealandiae</i>. Based on a male adult, <i>Pterosis extinctus</i> sp. nov. Baranov is described as the first fossil record of the extant genus <i>Pterosis</i> Sublette and Wirth, today represented by a single endemic species on the New Zealand subantarctic Auckland Islands and Campbell Island. Two female adult specimens are described as Morphotype 2 cf. Metriocnemini. The new fossils of the genera <i>Bryophaenocladius</i> and <i>Pterosis</i> belong to chironomid taxa requiring terrestrial or semi-aquatic habitats for larval development, supporting the notion of a humid forest swamp paleoenvironment for the Pomahaka amber source forest.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated multiomics analysis highlights the immunosuppressive role of granulin precursor positive macrophages in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Jun Li, Weizhen Huang, Junjie Kuang, Siwei Zhou, Yi Li, Yuan Xia","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18879","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18879","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It has been reported that tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a complicated role in cancer occurrence and development, immune escape, and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) resistance. However, the role of granulin precursor (GRN) highly expressed macrophages (hereafter refer to GRN⁺ macrophages) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poorly understood. Herein, we systematically integrated multiomics analysis of human tumor tissues to illustrate the functional role of GRN⁺ macrophages in HCC. GRN is selectively expressed by TAMs in different type of cancers including HCC, and was significantly associated with poor prognosis in several type of cancer. GRN was closely correlated with infiltration levels of most immune cells, especially the M2 macrophage cells in various cancers. In particular, both mRNA and protein expression level of GRN was significantly upregulated in HCC. Compared with tumor tissue, GRN was more significantly expressed in the stroma area between HCC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. High expression of GRN was significantly correlated with M2-polarization of macrophages and T-cell exhaustion in HCC. GRN⁺ macrophages communicated with intratumoral immune cells, especially CD8⁺ T cells. Functionally, GRN⁺ macrophages contacted with CD8⁺ T cells, which inducing T-cell exhaustion. Our study offers a comprehensive understanding of the clinical relevance and immunological role of GRN⁺ macrophages in HCC, indicating its potential role as a promising target for immunotherapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative taxonomy reveals three new species and one new record of <i>Psychropotes</i> (Holothuroidea, Elasipodida, Psychropotidae) from the Kermadec Trench region and the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone.","authors":"Yunlu Xiao, Haibin Zhang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18806","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The holothuroid genus <i>Psychropotes</i> is the largest genus in the family Psychropotidae. Prior to this study, this genus contained 20 accepted species and was prominent representatives in the deep-sea benthic fauna at lower bathyal-abyssal depths throughout the global oceans, but it has been poorly studied in the hadal zone. Deep-sea holothuroids were collected in October 2022 to March 2023 by the joint China-New Zealand deep-diving scientific expedition to the Kermadec Trench in the South Pacific Ocean and the Wallaby-Zenith Fracture Zone in the East Indian Ocean at a depth of 6,018-6,605 m. Our examination of specimens of <i>Psychropotes</i> revealed three new species, which we described as <i>Psychropotes diutiuscauda</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, <i>Psychropotes nigrimargaria</i> <b>sp. nov.</b>, and <i>Psychropotes asperatus</i> <b>sp. nov.</b> We also recorded <i>Psychropotes depressa</i> (Théel, 1882) for the first time from the Kermadec Arc at a depth of 1,620 m. We provide comprehensive descriptions of the morphological features and a taxonomic key for the genus <i>Psychropotes</i>. We also performed a phylogenetic analysis of the order Elasipodida based on COI sequences and the concatenated 16S-COI sequences. Intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances were calculated among <i>Psychropotes</i> Species based on COI sequences. Our phylogenetic analyses supported the assignment of three new species to the genus <i>Psychropotes</i> and their differentiation from congeners. The geographical distribution and global depth range of psychropotid species were summarized, and the results showed that the Pacific region had the highest species diversity. These findings contribute to the taxonomic diversity and patterns of geographical distribution in the family Psychropotidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18806"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849507/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence rate and risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Nuan Lee, Haoxing Ying","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18364","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Compared with other solid organ transplantation, the morbidity rate of acute kidney injury is higher in lung transplantation. Our research was designed to examine the occurrence rate and risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation through a systematic review and meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>We conducted a database search for case-control studies and cohort studies on the occurrence rate and risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation up to August 19, 2023. Stata 15.0 was used for data analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen case-control or cohort studies were included, involving 1,755 cases of acute kidney injury after lung transplantation and 1,404 cases of non-acute kidney injury after lung transplantation. Based on the meta-analysis, the risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation included pulmonary fibrosis (OR, 1.34; CI [1.09-1.65]), hypertension (OR, 1.30; CI [1.07-1.58]), pre-op mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.30; CI [1.84-5.90]), pre-op extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 3.70; CI [2.51-5.45]), double lung transplantation (OR, 1.91; CI [1.45-2.53]), cardiopulmonary bypass support (OR, 1.82; CI [1.38-2.40]), cardiovascular events (OR, 1.50; CI [1.15-1.96]), intra-op hypotension (OR, 2.70; CI [1.42-5.14]), post-op extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 1.90; CI [1.20-3.01]), sepsis (OR, 3.20; CI [2.16-4.73]), dialysis (OR, 12.79; CI [6.11-26.8]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the existing evidence, clinical professionals can implement early detection, diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute kidney injury after lung transplantation, to improve the quality of life of these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18364"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143493372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}