PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"MicroRNA-99 family in cancer: molecular mechanisms for clinical applications.","authors":"Yueyuan Wang, Dan Huang, Mingxi Li, Ming Yang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19188","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19188","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA sequences that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. The miR-99 family, which is highly evolutionarily conserved, comprises three homologs: miR-99a, miR-99b, and miR-100. Its members are under-expressed in most cancerous tissues, suggesting their cancer-repressing properties in multiple cancers; however, in some contexts, they also promote malignant lesion progression. MiR-99 family members target numerous genes involved in various tumor-related processes such as tumorigenesis, proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. We review the recent research on this family, summarize its implications in cancer, and explore its potential as a biomarker and cancer therapeutic target. This review contributes to the clinical translation of the miR-99 family members.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19188"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11955196/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the classification of isolated theropod teeth using machine learning: a comparative study.","authors":"Carolina S Marques, Emmanuel Dufourq, Soraia Pereira, Vanda F Santos, Elisabete Malafaia","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19116","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19116","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Classifying objects, such as taxonomic identification of fossils based on morphometric variables, is a time-consuming process. This task is further complicated by intra-class variability, which makes it ideal for automation via machine learning (ML) techniques. In this study, we compared six different ML techniques based on datasets with morphometric features used to classify isolated theropod teeth at both genus and higher taxonomic levels. Our model also intends to differentiate teeth from different positions on the tooth row (<i>e.g.</i>, lateral, mesial). These datasets present different challenges like over-representation of certain classes and missing measurements. Given the class imbalance, we evaluate the effect of different standardization and oversampling techniques on the classification process for different classification models. The obtained results show that some classification models are more sensitive to class imbalance than others. This study presents a novel comparative analysis of multi-class classification methods for theropod teeth, evaluating their performance across varying taxonomic levels and dataset balancing techniques. The aim of this study is to evaluate which ML methods are more suitable for the classification of isolated theropod teeth, providing recommendations on how to deal with imbalanced datasets using different standardization, oversampling, and classification tools. The trained models and applied standardizations are made publicly available, providing a resource for future studies to classify isolated theropod teeth. This open-access methodology will enable more reliable cross-study comparisons of fossil records.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954464/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of different proportions of organic substitution for mineral fertilizers on soil methanogenic and methanotrophic communities in paddy fields.","authors":"Dandan Yuan, Keke Dang, Jing Yin, Han Liu, Tingting Ma, Jia Liu, Xingjia Xiang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19000","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mineral fertilizers are widely used to improve rice yields, but their overuse has caused severe environmental problems. Replacing mineral fertilizers with organic alternatives might be an effective practice for enhancing agro-ecosystems. This study investigated treatments with varying proportions of organic substitution to determine the optimal approach for increasing soil fertility and rice yield. In addition, the relationship between soil methane emission characteristics and associated microbial communities was studied by microcosm experiments and high-throughput sequencing to assess greenhouse gas emissions. Compared with mineral fertilizers alone, treatment with organic substitution, especially at high proportions, increased soil pH, fertility, and crop yield. Treatment with a medium proportion of organic substitution increased cumulative methane (CH₄) emissions by 44.8% relative to mineral fertilization alone, but that with low and high proportions showed similar emissions compared with mineral fertilization alone. Organic substitution treatment significantly increased the gene copy numbers of soil methanogens and methanotrophs, with the highest increases observed under high proportions of organic substitution. The gene copy number of methanogens increased by 4.87 times, and that of methanophiles increased by 13.11 times. Additionally, organic substitution treatment significantly changed their community compositions. High organic substitution was associated with an exceptionally high abundance of methanotrophs. Treatment with a high proportion of organic substitution enhanced the relative abundance of Type I taxa of methanotrophs and increased soil pH to trigger higher <i>pmoA</i> abundance, thus strengthening methane oxidation capacity without additional cumulative CH₄ emissions compared with mineral fertilizers alone. Besides, treatment with a high proportion of organic substitution increased crop yield and reduced the amount of mineral fertilizers needed, resulting in less environmental pollution. This study comprehensively evaluated the effects of organic substitution for mineral fertilizers, providing an essential theoretical basis for the sustainable development of agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19000"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution, characteristics, and importance of particulate and mineral-associated organic carbon in China forest: a meta-analysis.","authors":"Hao Cheng, Yangui Su, Zhengyi Huang, Sinuo Lin, Jingyi Yan, Guopeng Wu, Gang Huang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19189","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Forest soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a critical role in the global carbon cycle, and increasing long-term forest carbon storage is essential for carbon sequestration. However, the distribution and drivers of mineral-associated (MAOC) and particulate organic carbon (POC) in forest soils at a continental scale remain poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using 540 data points from 59 studies related to POC, MAOC, and total SOC in China's forests, we analyzed the distribution of POC and MAOC across forest type, soil depth and soil type, and further investigated their influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MAOC accounted for more than 63% of total SOC in forest soils. Both POC and MAOC increase with forest age, with mixed forests showing faster growth compared to monoculture forests. The MAOC/SOC ratio decreases with forest age but increases with soil depth, demonstrating the dominance of MAOC in deeper soils. Importantly, MAOC content continuously increases with SOC, and exhibits no upper limit, suggesting the potential for persistent soil carbon accumulation. MAOC is closely associated to microbial biomass carbon, and POC is mainly related with plant litter biomass.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MAOC and POC are influenced by different environmental factors and display distinct distribution patterns across forest types and soil depths. Thus, differentiating their respective responses to climate change is essential. The carbon sequestration potential of forests in China remains far from saturation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954463/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular profiling and phenotypic evaluation of thermo-sensitive genic male sterility genes for high-yielding rice hybrids (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.).","authors":"B Nagendra Naidu, Manonmani Swaminathan, Nivedha Rakkimuthu, Pushpam Ramamoorthy, Kumaresan Dharmalingam, Raveendran Muthurajan, Selvi Duraisamy, Tushar Arun Mohanty, Bonipas Antony John","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18803","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Temperature-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) is crucial for boosting rice productivity and ensuring food security. In this study, we evaluated the morphological traits and genetic diversity of 57 rice TGMS lines under fertility-inducing (Gudalur) and sterility-inducing (Coimbatore) environments. Significant variations were observed in yield and floral characteristics, with flowering times ranging from 62.3 to 152.0 days. Lines such as TNAU 16S and TNAU 93S exhibited shorter plant heights and durations, along with higher numbers of productive tillers, making them promising candidates for hybrid breeding. Molecular profiling revealed that the <i>tms</i>8 gene was the most prevalent across the lines, with some carrying combinations of two or more TGMS genes. TNAU 38S and TNAU 60S possessed all four TGMS genes, ensuring stable sterility. These lines showed low fertility temperatures at Gudalur and low sterility temperatures at Coimbatore, indicating optimal conditions for hybrid seed production. Floral characteristics in lines like TNAU 19S, TNAU 126S-1 and TNAU 126S-2 were favorable, with total sterility under sterility-inducing conditions and increased fertility under fertility-inducing conditions, making them ideal for hybridization. For short-duration, semi-dwarf hybrids, TNAU 93S and TNAU 16S were identified as suitable female parents. Overall, this study highlights the significance of TGMS gene combinations for stable male sterility expression and identifies lines such as TNAU 37S, TNAU 60S and TNAU 85S as optimal for high-yielding two-line rice hybrids. The findings emphasize the potential for developing diverse, stable hybrids that can contribute to improved rice productivity and global food security.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e18803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EGCG's anticancer potential unveiled: triggering apoptosis in lung cancer cell lines through <i>in vitro</i> investigation.","authors":"Al Moutassem Billah Khair, Alexander Maniangat Luke, Rajashree Patnaik, Luca Testarelli","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19135","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Novel treatment techniques are needed since lung cancer is still a major worldwide health concern. Green tea contains a component called epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), which has demonstrated potential anticancer properties. This work sought to understand how EGCG affects the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, which in turn causes apoptosis in H1299 lung cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this experiment, multiple dosages of EGCG were applied to five H1299 cells and five A549 cell lines for a duration of 72 h. Apoptotic pathways, cellular responses, and protein expression levels were investigated in relation to EGCG by morphological, biochemical, and proliferation/migration investigations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In H1299 and A549 cells, EGCG raised apoptosis rates and, in a dose-dependent way, hindered cell growth. The levels of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and PI3K (p-PI3K) dramatically reduced following EGCG administration, despite no significant alterations in Akt and PI3K expressions. These results imply that EGCG inhibits the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which in turn causes apoptosis in H1299 and A549 cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The research provides insights into the effects of EGCG on proliferation and migratory inhibition, as well as highlighting its potential to induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells. These results support EGCG's promise as a therapeutic agent in the treatment of lung cancer and further our understanding of the processes underlying its anticancer activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954466/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back pain in the midwifery profession in northern Poland.","authors":"Aleksandra Bryndal, Sebastian Glowinski, Kazimiera Hebel, Agnieszka Grochulska","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19079","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Neck pain (NP) and low back pain (LBP) are increasingly significant medical, social, and economic concerns. The midwifery profession, similar to other healthcare occupations, is particularly predisposed to these issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of back pain among midwives and evaluate the associated disability levels using the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). The study group included 208 actively practicing midwives aged 23 to 67 years (mean ± SD: 48.1 ± 10.7 years). Participants completed an anonymous survey comprising a custom-designed questionnaire, the Polish language versions of the NDI and ODI, and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain intensity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between VAS pain intensity and both age (<i>r</i> = 0.2476) and work experience (<i>r</i> = 0.2758), indicating higher pain scores with increasing age and seniority. No significant association was found between BMI and VAS scores (<i>r</i> = 0.0011). Additionally, NDI and ODI scores correlated significantly with age (<i>r</i> = 0.1731; <i>r</i> = 0.3338), BMI (<i>r</i> = 0.1685; <i>r</i> = 0.2718), and work experience (<i>r</i> = 0.1987; <i>r</i> = 0.4074). Higher values for age, BMI, and seniority were associated with increased disability levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neck and low back pain represent prevalent and impactful issues for midwives in Poland, contributing to mild to moderate disability, absenteeism, reliance on pain medication, and limited physical activity. Key contributing factors include age, professional experience, BMI, and low levels of physical activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19079"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954461/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intermittent horizontal mattress suture in proximal anastomosis for acute type A aortic dissection: a retrospective study.","authors":"Jiajun Li, Yongzhi Zhou, Yucong Zhang, Xuegui Chen, Jing Wang, Xiang Wei, Min Hu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19159","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare intermittent horizontal mattress suture (IHMS) technique and conventional sandwich technique for proximal anastomosis in acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who underwent ATAAD repair in our hospital between December 2020 and February 2023 were selected for inclusion in the study. The number of patients treated with the IHMS technique for aortic root repair were matched with those who received the conventional sandwich technique by the same surgeon. Perioperative and postoperative outcomes were analyzed and compared between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study compared 44 patients in each group. The IHMS group had a shorter operation time than the sandwich group (6.07 h <i>vs</i>. 7.02 h, <i>p</i> = 0.018). The proximal anastomosis time (35.50 min <i>vs.</i> 40.00 min, <i>p</i> = 0.013), and extracorporeal circulation assistance time (70.00 min <i>vs.</i> 92.00 min, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were significantly reduced compared to the sandwich group. IHMS patients sustained less intraoperative blood loss (900 .00 mL <i>vs.</i> 1,500.00 mL, <i>p</i> = 0.005) and blood transfusion need (0 U <i>vs.</i> 0.75 U, <i>p</i> = 0.028) than patients in the sandwich group. Multivariate analysis revealed the IHMS technique to be independently associated with shorter suture time, less blood loss, and higher spontaneous heartbeat recovery. The IHMS group also had shorter durations of mechanical ventilation use, delirium, and hospital stay than the sandwich technique group. No statistically significant differences were found in postoperative morbidities during the follow-up period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The IHMS technique for the aortic root anastomosis is simple, feasible and effective, particularly in ATAAD surgery with intimal rupture near the sinus-tubular junction to preserve the aortic valve during anastomosis of the ascending aorta.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cost-effective predictive tool for AFP-negative focal hepatic lesions of retrospective study: enhancing clinical triage and decision-making.","authors":"Yu Lin, Qianyi Wang, Minxuan Feng, Jize Lao, Changmeng Wu, Houlong Luo, Ling Ji, Yong Xia","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19150","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Identifying alpha-fetal protein (AFP)-negative focal hepatic lesions presents a significant challenge, particularly in China. We sought to develop an economically portable tool for the diagnosis of benign and malignant liver lesions with AFP-negative status, and explore its clinical diagnostic efficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted at Peking University Shenzhen Hospital from January 2017 to February 2023, including a total of 348 inpatients with AFP-negative liver space-occupying lesions. The study used a training set of 252 inpatients from January 2017 to September 2021 to establish a diagnostic model for differentiating benign and malignant AFP-negative liver space-occupying lesions. Additionally, a validation cohort of 96 inpatients from October 2021 to February 2023 was used to confirm the diagnostic performance of the model. From January 2017 to February 2023, patients at JingNing People's Hospital, Gansu Province were assigned to the external cohort (<i>n</i> = 78).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A predictive tool was established by screening age, gender, hepatitis B virus (HBV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV) infected, single lesion, alanine amino transferase (ALT), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) using multivariate logistic regression analysis and clinical practice. The area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.911 (95% CI [0.873-0.949]) in the training set and 0.882 (95% CI [0.815-0.949]) in the validation cohort. In addition, the model achieved an area under the curve of 0.811 (95% CI [0.687-0.935]) in the external validation cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrated that the predictive tool has the characteristics of good diagnostic efficiency, economy and convenience, which is helpful for the clinical triage and decision-making of AFP-negative liver space-occupying lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954459/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pH, temperature and hydraulic disturbance on nitrogen release from sediments in the Sunxi River, Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China.","authors":"Yihong Ning, Bin Gao, Haiyan Wang, Wenning Hou","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19161","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.19161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To clarify the influence of changes in the overlying water environment on internal nitrogen release from reservoir sediments, we collected surface sediments at a depth of approximately 10 cm from the Sunxi River in the tail area of the Three Gorges Reservoir area for simulation experiments. By using orthogonal simulation experiments in the laboratory, we studied the effects of water pH, temperature and hydraulic disturbance on nitrogen release in the sediment and established a quantitative linear relationship between the nitrogen release rate from the sediment and the environmental factors of the overlying water. The results indicated that the average concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in the sediment were 430 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The sediment TN concentration had a very significant positive correlation with the sediment organic matter content (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The sediment TN, NO₃-N and NH₄-N release intensities gradually increased with increasing incubation time, with maximum release rates of 29.24 mg/((m²⋅d), 23.11 mg/(m²⋅d) and 4.32 mg/((m²⋅d), respectively. Range analysis revealed that the significance of the effects of environmental factors on sediment TN and NH₄-N release were ranked as follows: temperature > pH > disturbance, and that of NO₃-N release was ranked as pH > temperature > disturbance. Temperature plays the most important role in the behavior of different forms of nitrogen release from sediments. The capacity and potential for nitrogen release from sediments offer crucial insights for assessing the risks posed to the overlying water and highlighting the importance of these factors in water quality management and prediction in the reservoir area.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11954460/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}