Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Landscape patterns indicate reduced forest fragmentation in the Danjiangkou Reservoir Area following the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Program","authors":"Zhiwen Yuan ,&nbsp;Shili Meng ,&nbsp;Tao Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Niu ,&nbsp;Yong Pang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Natural Forest Protection Program (NFPP) is the largest forest restoration program for protecting natural forests in China. The Danjiangkou Reservoir Area (DRA) offers a good opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness of the NFPP program due to its unique implementation timeline and location characteristics. While most regions initiated the NFPP in 2000, the DRA began implementation in 2011. Its proximity to both early NFPP and non-NFPP regions provides a comparative framework for assessing the program's impacts on forest landscapes. This study employed dynamic landscape patterns analysis to compare the protection effects of forest resources both within and outside the NFPP areas, as well as before and after the NFPP implementation. Among the identified landscape categories, the core class represents large forest patches with high landscape connectivity. From 2000 to 2020, the area of core forests increased by 5.01 % of the total landscape area in NFPP-I (areas that initiated the NFPP in 2000) and by 7.65 % in NFPP-II (areas that initiated the NFPP in 2011), whereas the increase was only 0.73 % in non-NFPP (areas without NFPP implementation). Meanwhile, the net growth rate of core areas in the NFPP-II rose sharply from 0.92 % of the total landscape area before the implementation of the NFPP to 13.6 % after its implementation. These findings further demonstrate the positive role of the NFPP in reducing forest fragmentation. Moreover, landscape category transitions show consistent patterns, with the islet category being prone to forest loss, whereas other categories, such as bridge, are more likely to be converted into core areas. To halt forest ecosystem degradation, we recommend implementing measures to reduce the fragmentation of plantation forests and promoting a transition to more stable landscape types. This study provides a scientific basis for comprehensively promoting the protection and restoration of forests and the sustainable development of forest resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"223 ","pages":"Article 107814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145219251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-year water level drawdown and wildlife grazing drive wetland vegetation succession","authors":"Kerstin Bouma ,&nbsp;Gabriela Carrasco Oliva ,&nbsp;Mats I. Douma ,&nbsp;Perry Cornelissen ,&nbsp;Mennobart R. van Eerden ,&nbsp;Ralph J.M. Temmink ,&nbsp;Bart A. Nolet ,&nbsp;Elisabeth S. Bakker","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In wetlands, multi-annual water level drawdowns and herbivory can induce cyclic vegetation succession. While water level drawdowns can be used in wetland management to increase the area of reed vegetation, an important habitat for wetland birds, herbivory may interfere with this process. Here, we studied the combined effects of a human-induced water level drawdown, i.e. the intentional temporarily and large scale lowering of the water level, and herbivores on wetland vegetation development.</div><div>In the Oostvaardersplassen wetland, we used satellite imagery to assess vegetation development with and without water level drawdown and with and without red deer presence (introduced in 1992). An herbivore exclosure experiment (2022–2024) across an elevational gradient tested the effect of grazing on vegetation development during a drawdown.</div><div>Satellite imagery showed an expansion of reed cover by 560 ha in the period without red deer (1987–1991) and by 420 ha with red deer (2020–2024), only in the area with drawdowns. The exclosure experiment highlighted an interaction between herbivory and water depth: The presence of red deer at drier locations had minor effects on reed expansion, whereas reed expansion was strongly inhibited at wet locations with presence of geese.</div><div>Our findings provide large-scale quantitative evidence of the interaction between a water level drawdown and herbivory on the restoration of reed-dominated wetlands. We show the effectiveness of a water level drawdown, when dry conditions can be maintained for several consecutive years, as a restoration tool to promote reed development and the potential to steer the impact of herbivores during restoration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of ecological restoration in China from 1991 to 2024: A bibliometric analysis","authors":"Qin Yue ,&nbsp;Wang Shijin ,&nbsp;Chen Shengyun ,&nbsp;Cai Xingran","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ecological restoration has become a central issue in global sustainable development. Through large-scale engineering initiatives and policy innovation, China has gradually emerged as a key player in global environmental governance. This study draws on the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases, utilizing the keywords “ecological restoration”, “ecological rehabilitation”, “ecological remediation”, and other related terms. After screening the database and conducting a manual review, we identified 9,486 publications, mapping the development of research in this field over time and examining its major themes, geographic focus, and other key features. The results indicate that: (1) The research trajectory of ecological restoration in China exhibits a policy-driven pattern, with the growth in publication volume closely aligned with major policy milestones such as the Grain for Green Program and the Ecological Redline initiative. (2) Research hotspots in this field have gradually shifted from early soil and water conservation projects to the quantitative assessment of ecosystem services. The research has not only progressively innovated in technical approaches but has also continuously expanded in scope, spatial scale, and participation models. (3) Current hotspot research topics include carbon neutrality and carbon sink functions, climate change adaptation and vulnerable ecosystem management, multi-pollutant synergistic remediation and soil function reconstruction, aquatic ecosystem and blue carbon system restoration, and the optimization of ecosystem services and spatial pattern reconfiguration. In the future, efforts should focus on accelerating the development of an integrated “satellite-air-ground” intelligent monitoring network, promoting interdisciplinary integration in ecological restoration, and advancing theoretical and technological innovation, thereby contributing Chinese experience and optimized models to the global ecological restoration knowledge system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural regeneration of Norway spruce under pioneer trees outperforms conventional reclamation on post-mining sites","authors":"O. Vindušková ,&nbsp;D. Šimáňová ,&nbsp;E. Reitshmiedová ,&nbsp;J. Černý ,&nbsp;J. Frouz","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Afforestation is one of the feasible ways to restore post-mining land. Previous studies have shown that, under favorable conditions, forests can spontaneously establish through natural regeneration on post-mining sites developing by spontaneous succession, often colonized by pioneer tree species. However, the establishment of late-successional tree species is an important step in forest development. Here, we evaluate the growth of Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) in the understory of pioneer trees in successional sites developed through spontaneous succession, in comparison with spruce seedlings planted on conventionally reclaimed sites. The comparison of 14-year-old spruce trees shows that those growing in the understory of pioneer species are significantly taller, have higher chlorophyll and phosphorus content in their needles, a greater proportion of mycorrhizal root tips, and a higher content of ergosterol in the soil beneath them. However, the density of volunteer spruce trees on successional sites is significantly lower than the density of planted seedlings on reclaimed sites. Topsoil in reclaimed sites is alkaline (pH ∼8), whereas in successional sites, the pH is significantly lower (&lt;7.5)—likely due to the greater accumulation of organic matter on the soil surface. Soil pH is negatively correlated with tree height, as well as needle phosphorus and soil ergosterol contents. We propose that the decrease in pH on successional sites is a major factor increasing their suitability for tree establishment. Surface leveling and subsequent tree planting, common in conventional reclamation practice, may result in less favorable site conditions than those arising from spontaneous succession and on-site natural seed germination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient exchange and denitrification on reef balls in the Chesapeake Bay","authors":"Jeffrey C. Cornwell ,&nbsp;Michael S. Owens ,&nbsp;Melanie Jackson ,&nbsp;Allison M. Colden","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107818","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oyster restoration provides valuable ecosystem services to coastal ecosystems, including nutrient removal through enhanced microbial denitrification assimilation of N and P into tissue and shell. The production of biodeposits and their subsequent decomposition can provide a source of nitrogen and generate the redox gradients required for the production of N₂. Reef balls, large concrete structures often used for fish refuge, provide an opportunity to introduce oysters into nutrient-stressed shallow marine ecosystems. In the Chesapeake Bay, ex-situ incubations of whole reef balls were used to examine whether they enhance nitrogen removal through denitrification. High rates of oxygen uptake, production of dissolved inorganic C, and chlorophyll uptake indicate that reef balls with oysters and other attached filter-feeding organisms concentrate suspended materials and create hot spots of benthic metabolism. Denitrification was greatly increased relative to sediments, but the overall efficiency of the process was somewhat less than observed in other oyster restoration approaches. Further examination of the water quality effects of oyster deployment on structures is recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing watershed ecological management for water conservation by nonlinear effects of meteorological and vegetation drivers","authors":"Zikai Ping ,&nbsp;Jianmin Bian ,&nbsp;Fan Wang ,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water conservation is one of the most important ecosystem services in watershed ecosystems. However, optimizing watershed ecological management to enhance water conservation is a critical challenge, complicated by the nonlinear and spatially heterogeneous responses to meteorological and vegetation changes. This study investigates the nonlinear effects of meteorological and vegetation factors on water conservation by integrating machine learning and hydrological modeling. The results show that: (1) the multi-year average water conservation in the watershed was 179.69 mm, with an overall increasing trend from 2010 to 2023. Spatially, water conservation decreased from the upstream to the downstream regions, with the western and southern regions functioning as key water conservation areas. (2) Meteorological and vegetation factors explained water conservation well across the entire watershed (R² = 0.939, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Vegetation evapotranspiration reduced water conservation when vegetation exceeded a critical threshold. Precipitation promoted water conservation across all regions, but the degree of promotion varied due to differences in environmental factors among the subregions. (3) We propose differentiated vegetation management strategies: maintaining the NDVI threshold at 0.65 for mountainous areas (elevation &gt; 950 m) and at 0.45 for plain areas (elevation &lt; 400 m). These findings enhance the protection of watershed ecosystems by optimizing the vegetation configuration of the watershed to optimize water-holding services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weathered sandstone application improved the aggregate structure and quality of reconstructed soil: A field study of feldspathic sandstone","authors":"Gaoliang Li ,&nbsp;Qing Zhen ,&nbsp;Jiyong Zheng ,&nbsp;Guogang Wang ,&nbsp;Zitong Zhang ,&nbsp;Shenshen Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reconstructing soil with appropriate soil materials is a practical measure to improve the structure and quality of degraded soil. Feldspathic sandstone, a type of weathered sandstone, has been proven to improve the amount of water and nutrient in reconstructed soil. However, the long-time effects of feldspathic sandstone application on soil particle surface electrochemical properties and quality remain unclear. In this study, feldspathic sandstone was mixed separately into sandy soil and loess soil at 25 % and 75 % mass ratio to reconstruct soil, and the effects were clarifying through a 9-year field experiment. Results showed feldspathic sandstone application significantly increased the fine particles (diameter &lt; 0.05 mm) content and the complexity of particle distribution in reconstructed soils (<em>P &lt; 0.05</em>). Feldspathic sandstone application increased the specific surface area from 16.07 to 23.17 (25 % application ratio) and 193.17 m² g⁻¹ (75 % application ratio, <em>P &lt; 0.05</em>) in sandy soil; from 31.02 to 37.72 (25 % application ratio) and 236.08 m² g⁻¹ (75 % application ratio, <em>P &lt; 0.05</em>) in loess soil; increased cation exchange capacity from 4.10 to 10.17 (25 % application ratio) and 22.36 cmol kg⁻¹ (75 % application ratio) in sandy soil (<em>P &lt; 0.05</em>); from 12.50 to 13.16 (25 % application ratio) and 26.44 cmol kg⁻¹ (75 % application ratio, <em>P &lt; 0.05</em>) in loess soil. Feldspathic sandstone application also improved the soil particle surface charge density and electric field strength. The organic matter content of reconstructed soils was enhanced with feldspathic sandstone application, and was higher than the natural grassland soil (4.05 g kg⁻¹) in this region. The increased fine particles and improved soil particle surface properties jointly increased the macroaggregate (&gt; 0.25 mm) fraction, mean weight diameter of soil aggregate (MWD), and the soil structure coefficient (Qs). However, the water stable aggregates ratio (WSAR) and soil structural stability (SI) were still poor due to the insufficient organic matter and too much silt and clay particles. Our findings provide scientific insight in applying weathered sandstone into reconstructed soil for efficiently restoring degraded soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107816"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incorporating socioeconomic-ecological system to promote sustainable restoration: A case study in Changting, China","authors":"Jiahong Guo ,&nbsp;Hui Yue ,&nbsp;Zhengjin Cao ,&nbsp;Shixiong Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ultimate goal of ecosystem restoration is to ensure that Earth can support human life, in addition to protecting our planet's environmental health for its own sake. Unlike traditional ecological restoration efforts that focus only on ecological goals, China's Changting County adopted an integrated strategy oriented toward enhancing resident well-being, which combines socioeconomic development with ecological restoration to facilitate a transition to a green and sustainable society. To verify the feasibility of this approach, we conducted long-term monitoring in the county. By comparing a new approach with traditional ecological restoration, we found that changes in ecological restoration, resident livelihoods, and socioeconomic aspects were much better in the new project areas. Our results document that successful ecosystem restoration must be based on an inclusive approach that combines the needs of nature with those of people. By searching for a suitable industry (here, plantations and green industries) that can generate higher economic returns while protecting the environment, it's possible to achieve green industrial development while providing the residents of project areas with a high-quality socioeconomic and ecological environment. This also creates a virtuous cycle in which humans help nature while nature helps humans, leading to harmony between humans and nature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107815"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Municipal and coffee wastewater treated by a full-scale Constructed Wetlands using ornamental plants under tropical climate","authors":"Brenda Lizeth Monzón-Reyes ,&nbsp;Ismael Vera-Puerto ,&nbsp;Vicente Vergara Florez ,&nbsp;María Cristina López Méndez ,&nbsp;Alex Elías Álvarez Month ,&nbsp;Roberto Ángel Meléndez-Armenta ,&nbsp;Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coffee industry significantly contributes to economic growth in rural communities within developing countries. However, coffee processing can lead to considerable water pollution. Therefore, exploring simpler and more sustainable treatment alternatives, such as constructed wetlands (CWs), is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) with CWs for treating a co-mixture of rural domestic wastewater and coffee production wastewater in Mexico. <strong>For this, the WWTP consisting of a settler tank and four CWs in series was evaluated over the course of one year. The CWs units are planted with five different ornamental plant species. The results show no significant (<em>p</em></strong> <strong>&gt;</strong> <strong>0.05) change in the influent characteristics when coffee production wastewater was added. A link was established between rainfall in the contributing area and removal efficiency in the settler tank located at the system's starting point. However, this behavior did not affect the CW's performance. The WWTP achieved annual mean removal efficiencies of 87 % for COD, 60 % for TN, 59 % for NH₄</strong>^{<strong>+</strong>}<strong>-N and NO₃</strong>^{<strong>−</strong>}<strong>-N, 68 % for NO₂</strong>^{<strong>−</strong>}<strong>-N, 76 % for TP, 74 % for</strong> PO₄³⁻-P, <strong>and over 99 % for caffeine. Considering this performance, the WWTP effluent complies with the Official Mexican Standard provided permissible discharge values. Therefore, this study provides full-scale evidence of CWs potential for wastewater treatment in rural areas of developing countries. Furthermore, this type of WWTP offers a viable alternative for addressing the issue of untreated wastewater discharge in rural communities, particularly concerning when these communities developing productive activities like coffee processing.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107809"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary succession of vegetation on large river bars affected by floods: Key factors for successful river restoration","authors":"Jae-Hoon Park ,&nbsp;Ji-Won Park ,&nbsp;Yeo-Bin Park ,&nbsp;Eui-Joo Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Han You","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vegetation succession is a fundamental principle of ecological restoration. This study investigated early primary succession on large river bars in a monsoon climate, examining how flood magnitude influences successional processes. Results showed that massive floods altered bed material composition, leading to significant changes in direction of plant community change. Vegetation established on substrates coarser than sandy loam persisted, while finer particles led to vegetation loss. In erosional zones, <em>Salix chaenomeloides</em> communities were maintained through cyclic succession, whereas depositional zones experienced retrogressive succession, with <em>S. chaenomeloides</em> replaced by <em>Phragmites japonica</em>. Under moderate to low flood influence, both species acted as pioneers on coarse, nutrient-poor substrates with low organic matter. These findings highlight that changes in vegetation dynamics are driven by river flood intensity through their influence on substrate composition. On newly formed mid-channel bars, high flood-induced erosion promotes cyclic succession dominated by <em>S. chaenomeloides</em>. In contrast, low-energy depositional zones with sandy loam support regressive succession toward <em>P. japonica</em>. Thus, effective restoration depends on maintaining suitable bed material conditions specific to erosional and depositional environments. Managing substrate characteristics across geomorphic zones is essential for the stable establishment and persistence of vegetation on bare sandbars in large river systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"222 ","pages":"Article 107806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145097075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}