Ecological Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Comprehensive suitability assessment of fish habitat by integrating mechanism model and bayesian network model","authors":"Yuliang Yuan ,&nbsp;Ran Li ,&nbsp;Jingjie Feng ,&nbsp;Hang Wan ,&nbsp;Honghui Lin ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fish Habitat Comprehensive Suitability (FHCS) indicator plays a pivotal role in evaluating fish spawning and egg hatching behavior. Assessments of fish spawning and egg hatching suitability have traditionally relied on deterministic outcomes from single- or multi-factor hydrological designs. However, considering the uncertainty of riverine environments, the FHCS and its components, including the fish spawning weighted suitability area (WUA) and the potential number of eggs hatching (Negg), should be viewed as random variables that follow specific probability distributions. To address this, an FHCS assessment method combining a mechanism model with a Bayesian network (BN) model was developed to evaluate the FHCS of four major Chinese carps (FMCCs) in the Xunjiang River, China. The mechanism model provided foundational data essential for constructing the BN. The BN model was then employed to determine the values of key factors, such as Weighted Usable Area (WUA) and egg viability (Negg), which were subsequently used to calculate the FHCS of the study area. The results of the study were obtained using the mean of the 94 % confidence intervals of the BN model parameters. The results showed that the suitable spawning period for FMCCs at the Dongta spawning ground was 68 days in 2022, compared to just 7 days in 2023. The suitable hatching period for eggs was 65 days in 2022 and only 7 days in 2023. The FHCS assessment for the study area revealed that the period of fish habitat suitability was 57 days in 2022. However, due to the brief duration of favorable flow conditions in 2023, there were no overlapping time intervals suitable for both spawning and hatching. This underscores the critical role of comprehensive suitability assessments for fish spawning and egg hatching, offering more precise and scientifically grounded tools for fish conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecosystem service supply and demand relationship and spatial identification of driving threshold in Loess Plateau of China","authors":"Haihong Qiu ,&nbsp;Yingchen Bai ,&nbsp;Hairong Han ,&nbsp;Jiaying Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Systematically reveals the relationship between supply and demand of ecosystem services (ESs) and the spatial identification of driving thresholds. It is of great significance for the revelation of ecosystem service patterns, problem identification and optimal management. In this study, the evolution law and driving mechanism of ecosystem service supply and demand characteristics in the Loess Plateau from 2010 to 2020 were explored, based on the InVEST model and correlation analysis. The driving threshold spatial application geoprobe model for ecosystem supply and demand balance was identified. The results show that: (1) The findings indicated that between 2010 and 2020, there was a rising pattern in the supply and demand for carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and soil conservation (SC). Yet the availability of water yield (WY) diminished as their demand escalated. There was a clear spatial mismatch between supply and demand for HQ and WY. (2) All ESs supply correlations were synergistic. While ESs demand correlations were dominated by carbon-soil and water-soil imbalances. There was a notable interplay between the supply and demand at SC and HQ, alongside a notable compromise between CS and WY. This suggested an imbalance in carbon and water. (3) Climatic and topographic factors were predominantly located in the southeast and northwest for ESs suitability thresholds. SC and HQ demonstrated a balanced relationship between supply and demand within a vegetation factor threshold of 0.69–0.82. Among the socio-economic drivers, WY was mainly distributed in economically developed regions. This study provides some scientific support and insights for regional sustainable development and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple environmental factors interact to affect wet grassland ecosystem functions","authors":"Keith R. Edwards ,&nbsp;Eva Kaštovská ,&nbsp;Jiří Bárta ,&nbsp;Tomáš Picek ,&nbsp;Hana Šantrůčková","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wet grasslands are highly productive wetland ecosystems that provide many important ecosystem services, including nutrient removal for water purification, carbon (C) sequestration, local climate regulation, water retention, and flood attenuation. Like other ecosystems, wet grasslands are affected by multiple biotic and abiotic factors, the interactions of which may affect their functionality. We conducted a fully factorial mesocosm experiment to disentangle the importance of soil type (mineral or organic), water (high vs low) and nutrient level (NPK fertilized or unfertilized) effects on plant and soil parameters and how these affect ecosystem respiration (R_ECO) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In the fifth year of the experiment, we measured plant biomass and production, soil biological and chemical parameters, and GHG fluxes four times during the year, once before the start of the growing season and then in the beginning, peak and end of the growing season. We found that plant, soil and GHG parameters showed distinct seasonality and were influenced by all tested factors, both singly and interactively, affecting many aspects of wet grassland ecosystems by acting through several plant-soil feedbacks. Soil type, both primarily and in several interactions with water and nutrient levels, controlled soil properties, microbial biomass, and bacterial and fungal abundances. Plant presence, the productivity of which was stimulated by nutrient addition, together with some plant-soil feedbacks, were the main drivers of R_ECO and GHG emissions (relevant only for CH₄ because N₂O was not emitted in any sampling occasion). As a result, CO₂ and CH₄ emissions were 12 and 3 times greater, respectively, in vegetated compared to un-vegetated samples. In addition, water level and nutrient addition interactions influenced gas emissions, with CO₂ emissions being greater in low water, fertilized conditions, while CH₄ emissions increased under high water, unfertilized conditions. When correcting for the greater global warming potential (GWP) of CH_4, it still accounted for only a maximum of 18 % of the GHG fluxes. We showed that multiple environmental factors interact to impact wet grassland functions. Managers should focus their activities on managing the factors that most allow for wet grasslands to maintain their structure and functions to future disturbances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107511"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nature-based fish habitat enrichment of non-damming beaver structures positively affects fish species richness and density","authors":"Joachim Pander,&nbsp;Janette Otterbein,&nbsp;Christoffer Nagel,&nbsp;Juergen Geist","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107516","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The return of beavers to the strongly structurally altered Central European stream systems results in a variety of conflicts, potentials and opportunities. Among monetary compensation issues for landowners, target species conflicts with fish conservation remain unresolved. This work investigated the impact of beaver structures of the Eurasian beaver (<em>Castor fiber</em> L.) on the fish community of a Bavarian stream system to quantify potential ecosystem services provided by the ecosystem engineering activities of beaver. In addition to beaver structures, artificial structures, constructed from bank clearcuttings, were introduced for comparison. Electrofishing and abiotic measurements were carried out to quantify the effects of the morphological and functional beaver structures on the fish community. In addition, structural characteristics, such as building material and volume, were characterized. Individual fish densities and species diversity were significantly higher in the beaver structures compared to both the reference reaches and the artificial structures. Species such as European chub (<em>Squalius cephalus</em> L.), common dace (<em>Leuciscus leuciscus</em> L.), European spirlin (<em>Alburnoides bipunctatus</em> Bloch 1782), and common nase (<em>Chondrostoma nasus</em> L.) benefited most from the beaver structures, particularly smaller size classes &lt;15 cm. Artificial structures had a lower number of species and individuals. They not only differed from the beaver structures in their general fish communities, but particularly in the presence of target species of conservation and fish sizes. In addition to the already well-documented effects of beaver dams, our findings contribute important knowledge to the ecosystem engineering capabilities of the Eurasian beaver. Since the beneficial fish habitat effects of the beaver structures was mostly related to construction material, positioning, total and pore volume as well as flow velocity, these identified properties can also be used to guide future efforts of nature-based structural enrichment of stream habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107516"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary analysis of the construction and operation status of fish passage facility in China","authors":"Yingjun Yu,&nbsp;Jianbo Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past 60 years, fish passage facilities have been extensively constructed in China. To evaluate their construction and operational status, we developed a comprehensive database of 211 facilities, including 172 completed and 39 incomplete as of 2023, and conducted a literature review encompassing operational records for 18 facilities. Firstly, the results reveal three distinct phases in the development of fish passage facilities in China (1960–1980, 1981–2004, and 2005–2023), supported by quantitative evidence. The dataset clearly illustrates the construction status of these facilities across the country. Secondly, vertical slot type fishways emerged as the most prevalent type, accounting for 48.1 % of the 201 facilities with known types, while newer facility types, such as fish lifts and nature-like bypass channels, began construction only after 2010. The geographical distribution of facilities is notably uneven, with the Yangtze River Basin hosting the highest concentration. Thirdly, compared to the construction data, operational records for facilities in China remain scarce. Among the 18 projects reviewed, operational records from 9 facilities indicate that only some primary target species utilized the facilities, whereas numerous non-target species were successfully observed. This highlights the significant ecological role of fish passage facilities in promoting fish connectivity and biodiversity. Finally, there is a clear and growing demand for the continued construction of fish passage facilities in China. To enhance their effectiveness, it is recommended to establish a standardized evaluation system during their operational phase and to prioritize the downstream migratory needs of fish, as information on this aspect remains insufficient.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Avian communities respond to plant and landscape composition in actively revegetated floodplains of the Colorado River delta in Mexico” [Ecological Engineering 205 (2024) 107266].","authors":"Eduardo González-Sargas ,&nbsp;Martha Gómez-Sapiens ,&nbsp;Osvel Hinojosa-Huerta ,&nbsp;Stefanny Villagomez-Palma ,&nbsp;Alejandra Calvo-Fonseca ,&nbsp;Joanna Grand ,&nbsp;Timothy D. Meehan ,&nbsp;Chris Dodge ,&nbsp;Pamela L. Nagler ,&nbsp;Carlos Restrepo-Giraldo ,&nbsp;Carlos Nieblas ,&nbsp;Angela Meléndez ,&nbsp;Roberto Real Rangel ,&nbsp;Patrick B. Shafroth","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107508","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143378039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of a felt based living wall with greywater irrigation using different indoor ornamental species","authors":"Víctor M. Fernández-Cabanás ,&nbsp;Gina Patricia Suárez-Cáceres ,&nbsp;Rafael Fernández-Cañero ,&nbsp;Sabina Rossini-Oliva ,&nbsp;Luis Pérez-Urrestarazu","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vertical greening systems are becoming popular nature-based solutions for including vegetation in the built environment. However, one of the main concerns regards to their water requirements. The use of greywater for their irrigation can be a solution. While several studies have proven that using living walls as a biofilter can improve the quality of the greywater applied for their irrigation, the effects on the vegetation of continuous irrigation with greywater are still unknown. The main objective of this work is the assessment of the vegetation performance using different plant species in indoor living walls exclusively irrigated with greywater. For that, three species (<em>Philodendron hederaceum</em>, <em>Spathiphyllum wallisii</em> and <em>Nephrolepis exaltata</em>) planted on felt-based living wall modules were tested for 30 weeks. Information regarding the main water quality parameters (pH, electrical conductivity (EC), concentration of major cation and anions, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand for an incubation period of 5 days (BOD₅) were obtained and the development of the vegetation was monitored. The three species adapted well to the continuous irrigation with greywater, though <em>S. wallisii</em> showed a slight decrease in green cover at the end of the study. As the greywater was recirculated, EC increased with time, but no clear effects on growth and appearance were observed in the plants. This suggests the need of periodically replacing the greywater used for irrigation or including irrigation events with freshwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143164666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal characteristics of human activity and land use on ecosystem service functions in mountainous areas of Northeast Guizhou, Southwest China","authors":"Quan Wang ,&nbsp;Xuepiao Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107473","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107473","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization, intense land utilization in mountainous areas has led to ecological and environmental issues, and also causing a gradual degradation of ecosystem services. Investigating the spatiotemporal characteristics of human activities and land use on ecosystem services in mountainous areas holds significant practical importance for local ecological conservation and land management. This study utilizes human activity and land use models to evaluate the complex relationship between humans and land in the northeastern Guizhou, employs the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) and the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) models to conduct an in-depth investigation into the spatiotemporal distribution of soil conservation (SC), water yield (WY), carbon sequestration (CS), habitat quality (HQ), and landscape aesthetics (LA). Besides, we utilized the Pearson correlation coefficient and spatial bivariate models to scrutinize the spatial heterogeneity and interactions among these ecosystem services. The results revealed a significant escalation in the intensity of human activity and land use within the study area, with values rising from 0.483 and 316 in 2000 to 0.695 and 351 in 2020, respectively. For 2000–2020, the added value of SC and WY experienced a change of 1.179 t‧hm⁻² and 118.503 mm respectively, while the CS, HQ, and LA have largely remained stable. The spatial distribution of ecosystem service functions exhibited distinct patterns of trade-offs and synergies. The ecosystem's multifunctional benefits were predominantly concentrated in the northern sector of the study area, with the maximum migration distance of class IV hotspots recorded at 70.431 km. Over time, the impact of human activities and land use on ecosystem services has been escalating. Studying the interactions between human activities and land use and their impact on ecosystem services can help us to develop land development policies and ecological management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107473"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of soil arthropod communities and soil health in ‘Shushanggan’ apricot forests after soil bioengineering remediation in the riparian zone of the Ili River Valley evaluation","authors":"Zhicheng Jiang ,&nbsp;Dong Cui ,&nbsp;Yancheng Yang ,&nbsp;Wenxin Liu ,&nbsp;Zununjan Zinhar ,&nbsp;Jiangchao Yan ,&nbsp;Jianghui Liu ,&nbsp;Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Minru Zhang ,&nbsp;Qiaoli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the impact of riparian soil bioengineering restoration on the soil ecological environment, this study used soil arthropods as bioindicators to assess and monitor the restoration effects in the ‘Shushanggan’ apricot orchard. The aim was to explore and develop long-term, sustainable restoration strategies to ensure the stability of soil quality., this study focused on the ‘Shushanggan’ apricot forests located in the Guozigou River, a tributary of the Ili River in Huocheng County, Yili Prefecture. The restoration sites with different durations of 4, 8, 10, and 14 years were selected, while the surrounding uncultivated land served as the control. The soil arthropods were separated using a dry-funnel extraction method, and the community characteristics of soil arthropods were investigated, employing the soil biological quality (QBS-ar) index for soil health assessment. The results revealed that in both spring and summer, the total number of soil arthropods was highest in the 14-year-old ‘Shushanggan’ apricot forests, while the highest number of species was observed in the 4-year-old forests. The similarity coefficient of soil arthropod communities between the uncultivated land and ‘Shushanggan’ apricot forests indicated extreme dissimilarity during spring and ranged from extremely dissimilar to moderately similar during summer, displaying a substantial disparity between the two seasons. The QBS-ar index of soil arthropods was highest in the 14-year-old ‘Shushanggan’ apricot forests, indicating better soil health in the surface soil compared to the deeper layers. These findings demonstrate that soil biotechnology has improved the soil ecological environment in riverbanks, resulting in significant changes in the community structure of soil arthropods. It has also contributed to an increase in soil arthropod diversity and improved soil health. Thus, this study provides scientific evidence for soil biotechnology restoration in the Ili River Valley, management of ‘Shushanggan’ apricot forests, and soil ecological conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of grass covers for dikes to coastal stressors during establishment phase","authors":"Jochen Michalzik,&nbsp;Maike Paul,&nbsp;Torsten Schlurmann","doi":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grass covers on dikes are subjected to a multitude of controlled and uncontrolled environmental stressors that can affect its vegetation development. Controlled stresses are applied during dike maintenance (e.g. mowing) to establish high coverage and a dense root system. Uncontrollable stresses during storm surges (e.g. flooding and wave loading) are likely to disturb this development. This species composition-based study analyses stress responses and their consequences for the ecological enhancement of grass covers in terms of dike safety. The responses of four different grass covers with increasing species numbers were investigated under three controlled experimental conditions, mimicking North Sea storm surge season in an outdoor wave-basin. We found significant differences in vegetation development indicating a shift of biomass from roots to shoots in response to flood stress. Resulting losses in the grass cover resistance were only minor for all grass covers. When additional wave stress was introduced no significant differences in root biomass were observed compared to the control group without flood or wave stress. The more herb and legume dominated grass covers seem to provide less erosion resistance for dike safety than the grass-dominated ones, as they develop the desired coverage slower and tend to have a lower shear strength. In conclusion, ecological enhancement by moderately increasing the number of species in the grass cover is possible without affecting dike safety. Evidence of disturbance in vegetation development highlight that thresholds and indicators for the early detection of stress responses need to be further investigated regarding the predicted intensification of uncontrolled environmental stressors. It is emphasised that long-term studies and adaptive monitoring are required to avoid unforeseen consequences by overloading the ability of grass covers to cope with and recover from coastal stressors and to find the optimal combination of ecological enhancement and dike safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11490,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Engineering","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 107488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143165115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}