Weathered sandstone application improved the aggregate structure and quality of reconstructed soil: A field study of feldspathic sandstone

IF 4.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ECOLOGY

Ecological Engineering Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2025.107816

Gaoliang Li , Qing Zhen , Jiyong Zheng , Guogang Wang , Zitong Zhang , Shenshen Xing

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Reconstructing soil with appropriate soil materials is a practical measure to improve the structure and quality of degraded soil. Feldspathic sandstone, a type of weathered sandstone, has been proven to improve the amount of water and nutrient in reconstructed soil. However, the long-time effects of feldspathic sandstone application on soil particle surface electrochemical properties and quality remain unclear. In this study, feldspathic sandstone was mixed separately into sandy soil and loess soil at 25 % and 75 % mass ratio to reconstruct soil, and the effects were clarifying through a 9-year field experiment. Results showed feldspathic sandstone application significantly increased the fine particles (diameter < 0.05 mm) content and the complexity of particle distribution in reconstructed soils (P < 0.05). Feldspathic sandstone application increased the specific surface area from 16.07 to 23.17 (25 % application ratio) and 193.17 m² g⁻¹ (75 % application ratio, P < 0.05) in sandy soil; from 31.02 to 37.72 (25 % application ratio) and 236.08 m² g⁻¹ (75 % application ratio, P < 0.05) in loess soil; increased cation exchange capacity from 4.10 to 10.17 (25 % application ratio) and 22.36 cmol kg⁻¹ (75 % application ratio) in sandy soil (P < 0.05); from 12.50 to 13.16 (25 % application ratio) and 26.44 cmol kg⁻¹ (75 % application ratio, P < 0.05) in loess soil. Feldspathic sandstone application also improved the soil particle surface charge density and electric field strength. The organic matter content of reconstructed soils was enhanced with feldspathic sandstone application, and was higher than the natural grassland soil (4.05 g kg⁻¹) in this region. The increased fine particles and improved soil particle surface properties jointly increased the macroaggregate (> 0.25 mm) fraction, mean weight diameter of soil aggregate (MWD), and the soil structure coefficient (Qs). However, the water stable aggregates ratio (WSAR) and soil structural stability (SI) were still poor due to the insufficient organic matter and too much silt and clay particles. Our findings provide scientific insight in applying weathered sandstone into reconstructed soil for efficiently restoring degraded soil.

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风化砂岩的应用改善了改造土的团聚体结构和质量——长石砂岩的野外研究

采用合适的土壤材料进行土壤改造是改善退化土壤结构和质量的一项切实可行的措施。长石砂岩是一种风化砂岩，已被证明能提高改造土壤的水分和养分。然而，长期施用长石砂岩对土壤颗粒表面电化学性质和质量的影响尚不清楚。本研究将长石砂岩分别以25%和75%的质量比掺入砂土和黄土中进行土壤重建，并通过9年的田间试验验证了其效果。结果表明，长石砂岩的施用显著增加了重建土壤中细颗粒（直径<； 0.05 mm）的含量和颗粒分布的复杂性（P < 0.05）。长石砂岩在砂质土中的比表面积从16.07增加到23.17（25%施用量）和193.17 m2 g−1(75%施用量，P < 0.05)；分别为31.02 ~ 37.72（25%施用量）和236.08 m2 g−1(75%施用量，P < 0.05)；沙质土壤阳离子交换容量从4.10增加到10.17（25%施用量）和22.36 cmol kg−1（75%施用量）（P < 0.05）；分别为12.50 ~ 13.16（25%施用量）和26.44 cmol kg−1（75%施用量，P < 0.05）。长石砂岩的施用也提高了土壤颗粒表面电荷密度和电场强度。长石砂岩的施用提高了重建土壤的有机质含量，有机质含量高于天然草地土壤（4.05 g kg−1）。细颗粒的增加和土壤颗粒表面性质的改善共同提高了大团聚体（> 0.25 mm）分数、土壤团聚体平均重径（MWD）和土壤结构系数（Qs）。但由于有机质不足、粉土和粘土颗粒过多，土壤水稳团聚体比（WSAR）和土壤结构稳定性（SI）仍然较差。我们的研究结果为将风化砂岩应用于重建土壤以有效恢复退化土壤提供了科学的见解。

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来源期刊

Ecological Engineering 环境科学-工程：环境

CiteScore

8.00

自引率

5.30%

发文量

293

审稿时长

57 days

期刊介绍： Ecological engineering has been defined as the design of ecosystems for the mutual benefit of humans and nature. The journal is meant for ecologists who, because of their research interests or occupation, are involved in designing, monitoring, or restoring ecosystems, and can serve as a bridge between ecologists and engineers. Specific topics covered in the journal include: habitat reconstruction; ecotechnology; synthetic ecology; bioengineering; restoration ecology; ecology conservation; ecosystem rehabilitation; stream and river restoration; reclamation ecology; non-renewable resource conservation. Descriptions of specific applications of ecological engineering are acceptable only when situated within context of adding novelty to current research and emphasizing ecosystem restoration. We do not accept purely descriptive reports on ecosystem structures (such as vegetation surveys), purely physical assessment of materials that can be used for ecological restoration, small-model studies carried out in the laboratory or greenhouse with artificial (waste)water or crop studies, or case studies on conventional wastewater treatment and eutrophication that do not offer an ecosystem restoration approach within the paper.