{"title":"Spatial Distribution and Source Identification of Trace Metals in Topsoil in Nanyang City, Henan Province, China","authors":"Dongxue Yang, Guilin Han, Rui Qu, Yuqing Zhao, Qiuyao Dong, Chao Song","doi":"10.1002/clen.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trace metals (TMs) in soil have garnered widespread attention due to their adverse impacts on crop production and human health. In this study, 385 topsoil samples (0–20 cm) and 118 deep soil samples (150–200 cm) were collected from Nanyang City to investigate the spatial distribution, contamination, and source allocation of TMs. Geographic information system analysis, contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (<i>I</i><sub>geo</sub>), and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model were utilized. The results showed that the mean contents of Cu, Hg, Pb, and Zn in the study area's topsoil (25.50, 0.035, 28.51, and 79.46 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) exceeded background values. CF and <i>I</i><sub>geo</sub> results indicated that over 60% of soil samples were contaminated by Hg, the main contaminant in soil. By combining correlation and PMF analysis, three sources of TMs were identified for (a) Pb (75.4%), Hg (63.7%), and Zn (55.6%), primarily associated with industrial emissions and atmospheric deposition; (b) Co (57.5%), Cr (50.8%), Cu (59.2%), and Ni (46.4%) mainly originated from natural sources; and (c) As (72.8%) primarily from agricultural activities. The proportions of the three sources were 36.27%, 39.76%, and 23.97%, respectively. Anthropogenic sources contributed the most to soil TMs (60.24%), higher than natural sources, indicating substantial accumulation of TMs in topsoil due to significant anthropogenic activities. This study provided useful information for environmental management planning, decision-making, and contamination assessment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"53 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodegradation of the Pesticide Diazinon by Bacteria Isolated From a Contaminated Soil","authors":"Mona Mansouri, Aptin Rahnavard, Masood Ghane","doi":"10.1002/clen.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our research focused on the identification and isolation of diazinon (DZ)-degrading bacteria, as DZ is one of the most commonly used organophosphate pesticides in orchards and farms. We collected samples from a garden in Iran where DZ has been used for a long time. This allowed us to extract three types of bacteria capable of degrading DZ. Through biochemical and molecular tests, these bacteria were identified as <i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i>, <i>Enterobacter kobei</i>, and <i>Serratia</i> species. The bacteria were cultured for 10 days in broth and soil media with DZ concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm. The degradation and utilization of the toxin by the bacteria were measured using gas chromatography. The results indicated that <i>P. oryzihabitans</i> degraded the toxin at concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm in liquid medium by 47.1% and 27.45%, respectively. In soil medium, the bacteria degraded 96.5% and 97.1% of the toxin at the same concentrations. <i>Serratia</i> sp. degraded DZ in broth medium with initial concentrations of 10 and 20 ppm by 64.3% and 78.4%, respectively. Additionally, these bacteria were able to degrade DZ by 90.2% and 98.25% in soil. <i>E. kobei</i> consumed DZ in the broth and soil media at rates of 23.1% and 17.95% and 31.19% and 88.05%, respectively. According to the results, <i>P. oryzihabitans</i> exhibited the highest degradation capacity compared to the other bacteria. Collectively, these three bacteria demonstrate a significant ability to biologically remediate environments contaminated with DZ.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143857105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride Adsorption by Biochar From Loofah Sponge Using Response Surface Method","authors":"Fanbao Deng, Jihong Zhao, Xiaoqian Yin, Xue Song, Yongde Liu, Jie Zhang, Tianrun Bai, Liwen Zhang","doi":"10.1002/clen.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A potential biochar (KLS<sub>F</sub>-BC) was prepared by pyrolysis of loofah sponge (LS) at 600°C using KOH as an activator to adsorb oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTCH). The response surface method (RSM) was applied to obtain the best preparation parameters (the first pyrolysis temperature of 573°C and pyrolysis time of 138 min, LS<sub>F</sub>-BC/KOH, 1:3, m/m) and adsorption conditions (OTCH concentration: 100 mg L<sup>−1</sup>, adsorbent dosage: 0.84 g L<sup>−1</sup>, adsorption time: 28 min, initial solution pH: 5.1), under which the adsorption capacity of KLS<sub>F</sub>-BC for OTCH was 662.96 mg g<sup>−1</sup>. The adsorption data of OTCH on KLS<sub>F</sub>-BC conformed to the pseudo-second-order model and Freundlich model. The removal mechanisms of OTCH involved hydrogen bonding, π–π EDA interaction, pore filling, and electrostatic interactions. The study confirmed the great potential and significant application prospects of KLS<sub>F</sub>-BC for removing OTCH from wastewater, providing a valuable reference for biomass resource utilization and antibiotics treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"53 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric Association Between Trade Uncertainty and Environmental Quality: Evidence From Newly Industrialized Economies","authors":"Baoyi Ji, Sajid Ali","doi":"10.1002/clen.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The world has experienced a considerable increase in trade uncertainty (TUN) during the last several decades, with environmental and economic consequences. However, the prior research on the nexus between TUN and the environmental quality (ENQ) records contradictory results, which may be inconvenient when recommending environmental protection policies. The goal of this research was to look into the asymmetric link between TUN and ENQ in the selected newly industrialized economies. Previous studies utilized panel data methods, yielding similar conclusions about the linkage between TUN and ENQ, regardless of the truth that many economies did not develop such interconnectednhess individually. On the other hand, the current work employs a distinctive methodology, “quantile-on-quantile,” that allows researchers to analyze time-series dependency in every nation by providing universal yet economy-specific details on the association between the variables. As per estimates, TUN boosts ENQ in majority of our selected nations. Moreover, the results reveal that the degree of asymmetries amidst the variables differs by nation, highlighting the requirement for policymakers to pay particular attention while implementing trade and environment sustainability policies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143689920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainable Path Analysis of Urban Agglomerations Based on the Spatial Spillover Effect on Air Pollution","authors":"Chen Lu, Yue Liu, Zixiao Zhang","doi":"10.1002/clen.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rapid socioeconomic developments take the price of prominent environmental pollution problems, which necessitate a delicate equilibrium between urban development and environmental protection through governments’ scientific planning. This study delves into the sustainable trajectory for urban agglomerations, focusing on the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) urban agglomeration in China. Employing the STIRPAT model and Conley–Ligon model, it assesses the impact of socioeconomic factors on environmental pollution and their spillover effects. The study incorporates three distinct developmental scenarios designed to simulate regional economic growth and environmental protection. Our findings reveal a substantial influence of local socioeconomic development and spatial spillover effects from neighboring counties within the BTH region on local PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration. Economic development level and environmental governance expenditure emerge as pivotal factors affecting the increase and decrease of PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentration, with spillover effects observed in neighboring counties. The effectiveness of balancing air pollution and the economy is better under the Zoning Cooperated scenario than under the local Government Planning scenario and trend extrapolation scenario. This means that more than 96% of the 100 million people in the counties will live in areas with clean air. In light of these findings, the research proposes pertinent policy recommendations, offering a novel and efficacious solution for urban agglomerations in rapidly developing countries or regions worldwide grappling with the intricate trade-off between air pollution and economic development.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Experimental Study on Trench Weir With Flat Bars Under Free Flow Condition","authors":"Ashish Dabral, Pramod Kumar Sharma, Zulfequar Ahmad, Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1002/clen.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/clen.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Trench weirs constructed across streams and rivers have been utilized for generations of hydropower due to their simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and minimal disruption to natural water courses. This type of weir consists of rack bars to control the deposition of sediments and floating debris. This article presents the investigations of the effects of different parameters, particularly the spacing of rack bars, specific energy of flow in the approach channel, velocity head, and porosity of rack bars on the discharging ability of trench weirs. Due to their greater flexural rigidity, flat bars are chosen in the current investigation from a structural perspective. The experiment was carried out in an open channel taking different combinations of bed slope, rack slope, and spacing of flat rack bars while testing under free flow conditions and having a pre-defined discharge in the approach channel. In addition, the discharge characteristics and coefficient of discharge (<i>C<sub>d</sub></i>) of the trench weir have been examined with varying clear spacing of rack bars, specific energy of approach flow, velocity head, and porosity of rack bars. The findings indicate that, in free flow conditions, <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> decreased as the porosity, clear spacing of rack bars, and specific energy of the approach flow increased. Further, during the analysis of experimental data, it was observed that <i>C<sub>d</sub></i> does not show any systematic pattern with velocity head. Thus, this study provides valuable insights on trench weir performance and the variables affecting discharge characteristics of trench weirs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10306,"journal":{"name":"Clean-soil Air Water","volume":"53 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}