Environmental Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"Exposure of children to multiple long-term air pollutants (PM_2.5, BC, NO₂) and noise at home and school in accra, Ghana.","authors":"Rachel Hulme, Iris Em Fynn, Abosede S Alli, Kate A Kyeremateng, Carissa L Lange, Barbara E Mottey, Majid Ezzati, Allison F Hughes, Raphael E Arku, Sierra N Clark","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae8d40","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae8d40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sub-Saharan African (SSA) cities have high air and noise pollution levels, yet limited information exists on children's joint exposures at home and school locations - the two most important environments where children spend much of their time. This study characterised schoolchildren's exposure to multiple air pollutants and environmental noise and sound sources within the Accra School Health and Environment Study (ASHES). ASHES involved 1034 children aged 8-12 years from 90 public (73%) and private schools in Accra, Ghana, a major SSA city. Annual mean concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), and black carbon (BC), as well as environmental noise (<i>L</i> _day, <i>L</i> _night, <i>L</i> _den) and sound sources, were derived from land use regression models and linked to geocoded school and home locations for 919 children with valid data. A time-location weighted total exposure estimate was calculated for the air and noise pollution metrics. We also examined children's responses to a noise annoyance survey in relation to their noise exposure levels at home. For air pollutants, median home exposures were 33.8 <i>μ</i>g m^-3 (PM_2.5), 55.5 <i>μ</i>g m^-3 (NO₂), and 5.2 × 10^-5m^-1 (BC), and corresponding median school exposures were 29.9 <i>μ</i>g m^-3, 53.5 <i>μ</i>g m^-3, and 4.9 × 10^-5m^-1. The time location-weighted total air pollutant exposures for most children surpassed the respective World Health Organization (WHO) guideline. Similarly, median environmental noise levels (in dBA) at home (<i>L</i> _den = 66.3 and <i>L</i> _night = 54.2) and at school (<i>L</i> _day = 62.4) exceeded WHO thresholds for road-traffic noise and Ghana's noise standard for areas with educational facilities, respectively. Pollution levels at home and school were moderately correlated (r [PM_2.5] = 0.56; r [NO₂] = 0.33; r [<i>L</i> _den]= 0.47). On average, children attending public schools or living in lower income areas had higher exposures to both air and noise pollution than their private school (fee-paying) or higher-income counterparts. In contrast, nature-based sounds were more common in higher income areas. Among children exposed to <i>L</i> _den noise levels between 65 and 70 dBA, 35% reported being highly annoyed to road traffic noise. Schoolchildren in Accra experience air and noise pollution levels exceeding health-based guidelines and standards. Exposures are unequally distributed, highlighting environmental inequalities with implications for child health, development, and learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 17","pages":"174005"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13532200/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148879573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perfect storm: human influence on the loss potential of Eunice-like cyclones.","authors":"Nicholas J Leach, Shirin Ermis, Aidan Brocklehurst, Dhirendra Kumar, Alexandros Georgios, Lukas Braun, Mark Dixon, Justin Murphy, Len Shaffrey","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae886a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae886a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Storm Eunice was a severe windstorm that impacted Central Europe in February 2022. The meteorology and synoptic dynamics of Eunice have been studied in depth in several studies examining features of the storm such as its sting jet. The contribution of climate change to the storm dynamics and severity was examined in previous work, which found that in counterfactual weather forecasts-given an identical initial synoptic setup-climate change had measurably increased the severity of the storm. Here we move beyond meteorological attribution and quantify the role of climate change in the insured losses incurred during Eunice in, to the best of our knowledge, the first impact attribution of its kind for a European windstorm event. We combine the same counterfactual weather forecasts with three loss models, including two state-of-the-art commercial models, finding that the increases in meteorological severity do translate through to significant increases in estimated loss. We estimate a conditional increase in insured loss of nearly €2 bn between pre-industrial and present-day climates. Of particular note is the existence of several members within the forecast ensembles whose losses are far greater than what unfolded in reality. This includes one realisation, simulated in a warmer 'future' climate, in which the estimated loss could reach over 10x the realised loss during Eunice. The plausible existence of such a catastrophic loss is of considerable relevance to a wide variety of stakeholders across adaptation planning and the financial sector. We suggest that our results practically demonstrate not only the utility of counterfactual weather forecasts in quantifying impacts attributable to climate change, but also the value of academic-private partnerships in which the two sectors are able to bring different areas of expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 14","pages":"144018"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13382149/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148600646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projecting the mental health impacts of the 2025 LA wildfires: lessons from Hurricane Katrina.","authors":"Alexis A Merdjanoff, Kate Burrows, Kathleen Lynch","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae6d16","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae6d16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 11","pages":"111004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13234852/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coproduced assessments of climate change adaptation reveal equity challenges in locally led approaches.","authors":"Ben C Howard, Cynthia Awuni, Samuel Agyei-Mensah, Camilla Audia, Frans Berkhout, Lee D Bryant, Alicia Cavanaugh, Alex Curran, Shona Macleod, Robert Manteaw, Paul Mitchell, Annie Ockelford, Victoria Pratt, Abubakar Sadiq Mohammed, Jacob Tetteh, Wouter Buytaert","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae63e5","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae63e5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systematic assessments of climate change adaptation are critical for monitoring progress and planning effectively, but current approaches are limited in their scope, accuracy, and relevance to local contexts. Here, we present an improved approach using coproduction to quantitively assess adaptation based on local knowledge and priorities. This is applied to locally led adaptation (LLA) to flood risk in Tamale, Ghana, to provide the first quantitative assessments of this increasingly common adaptation practice. Through a multi-year process, including community marble distribution, focus groups, and household surveys, 11 LLA solutions were assessed. Assessments were based on adaptation success criteria that mattered most to local communities and included important considerations that are commonly missing from technical assessments, including multiple risk-reduction mechanisms, equity, sustainability, and co-impacts. Community-based and behavioural LLA solutions, such as collective action and tree planting, were deemed most effective, whilst structural and technical solutions were ranked lower. By integrating these assessments into a flood risk model, we show that LLA approaches significantly reduced flood risk overall but did not address existing inequalities. Our results showcase the potential of coproduction to increase the scope and robustness of adaptation assessments and highlight practical challenges of delivering on the LLA principles in real-world settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 10","pages":"104016"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13185538/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the wildfire contribution to PAH concentrations and health effects.","authors":"Lexia Cicone, Anthony Y H Wong, Noelle E Selin","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae687f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae687f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildfires are an increasingly important source of toxic air pollutants, including carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with implications for human health under a changing climate. Here, we quantify the influence of fire events on PAH concentrations, chemistry, and associated incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) using a global three-dimensional chemical transport model. Fires contribute up to 42% of local PAH concentrations in fire-prone regions, including Australia, sub-Saharan Africa, Siberia, and Canada, and account for approximately 4.6% of global total PAH concentrations. Fire emissions also enhance fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) levels, promoting partitioning of PAHs into the particle phase. Additionally, fires alter atmospheric oxidant levels, increasing the formation of highly toxic PAH degradation products, which contribute up to 55% of fire-sourced PAH cancer risk. As a result, fire-derived PAH mixtures are 51% more carcinogenic per unit mass than non-fire mixtures. Globally, fires contribute between 4 and 6% of the total all-source PAH ILCR, with some regions exceeding the recommended risk threshold of <math><mrow><mn>1.0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup><mn>10</mn> <mrow><mo>-</mo> <mn>6</mn></mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math> due solely to fire-related pollution. Sensitivity analyses indicate that even when fire emissions are dominated by less toxic lower molecular weight PAHs, fire-sourced PAHs are more toxic than anthropogenic-sourced PAHs, highlighting the critical role of atmospheric chemistry in modulating health impacts. These findings demonstrate that wildfires not only elevate PAH concentrations but also increase their per-mass toxicity through chemical transformations. With projections of increasing wildfire frequency and intensity under climate change, our results underscore the need for comprehensive monitoring, emission characterization, and mitigation strategies to address the growing public health risks of fire-related air pollution, particularly in regions frequently affected by wildfires.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 10","pages":"104011"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13184590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From global political agreement to public health practice: operationalising the Belém adaptation indicators for health.","authors":"Yasna Palmeiro-Silva, Kristie L Ebi, Carole M Green, Haemin Park, Anderson Flomo, Jeremy J Hess","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae6674","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae6674","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 9","pages":"091004"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13161749/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147927432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neighborhood privilege and environmental conditions in urban parks: an analysis across the 24 most populated urban areas in the United States.","authors":"Greta K Martin, Tsz-Kin Siu, William P Klein, Rachel Clark, Kelvin C Fong","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae5e93","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae5e93","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban parks provide mental and physical health benefits by mitigating harmful environmental exposures, including heat and air pollution. Urban parks often cluster in more privileged neighborhoods. Health burdens from harmful environmental exposures are highest in less privileged ones. Using Trust for Public Land's <i>ParkServe</i> database of publicly accessible parks, sociodemographic data from the American Community Survey, and high-resolution satellite-imagery, we compared park size and environmental conditions by neighborhood privilege. To ascertain privilege, we calculated the combined race and income index of concentration at the extremes (ICEs) in each census tract of the 24 most populous urban areas in the United States (U.S.). We found that parks in the least privileged neighborhoods (i.e. bottom quartile of ICE) had on average 1.24 ppb higher concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and 1.00 <i>μ</i>g/m^-3 higher fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) than parks in the most privileged neighborhoods (top ICE quartile). Parks in the most privileged neighborhoods were significantly larger and cooler in more than half of the included urban areas and significantly greener in over a third. Our results reveal disparities in the environmental conditions, and thus expected health benefits, between parks in the most and least privileged neighborhoods in the most populous urban areas in the U.S.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13186425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147981066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass incarceration as a climate justice issue.","authors":"Katherine LeMasters, Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein, David Ciplet, David Cloud, Kristen Cowan, William Eisenman, Lawrence Haber, Allison Macht, Colleen E Reid","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae5f35","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae5f35","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The climate crisis and mass incarceration are deeply intertwined. While climate change has intensified worldwide, incarcerated populations are disproportionately at risk of experiencing poor health related to climate change through multiple hazards including extreme heat, hurricanes, and wildfires. We detail how incarcerated individuals are at a heightened risk of experiencing multiple climate-related events, how climate change worsens the health of incarcerated individuals, and how carceral infrastructure and policies worsen these impacts. We then propose next steps including (1) further research to assess the full scope of climate-related health risks, (2) strong collaborations between researchers, policymakers, and community advocates, and (3) implementation of evidence-based policies that prioritize the well-being of incarcerated populations that span climate mitigation, climate adaptation, and decarceration measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 8","pages":"084007"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13108572/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147765837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benzene and other hazardous air pollutants in consumer-grade natural gas in Europe.","authors":"Tamara L Sparks, Yannai S Kashtan, Sebastian T Rowland, Eric D Lebel, Jackson S W Goldman, Colin Finnegan, Gan Huang, Nicole Lucha, Abenezer Shankute, Nick Heath, Sofia Bisogno, Kelsey R Bilsback, Anchal Garg, Lee Ann L Hill, Robert B Jackson, Seth B C Shonkoff, Drew R Michanowicz","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae499f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae499f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Consumer-grade natural gas leaks contribute to methane-induced climate change and can degrade air quality. However, limited leakage and gas composition data exist outside of North America. Here, we measured stove-off gas leakage in 35 homes and chemically characterized 78 unburned gas samples from residential stoves across seven cities in the United Kingdom, Netherlands, and Italy. On average, benzene in unburned gas was substantially elevated compared to North America (9 to 73 times higher), while sulfur-based odorants were lower. Modeling of indoor and outdoor benzene enhancements from gas leaks showed potential for hazardous benzene exposure, often undetectable by odor. Three of 35 homes exhibited a stove-off leak that, combined with city-median benzene in gas, resulted in modeled benzene enhancements above the European Union's annual limit value (1.6 ppbv). The combination of high benzene and relatively low odorization in natural gas suggests that hazardous leaks are likely underreported in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 6","pages":"064008"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13014068/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147520220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral interventions related to plastic waste management in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review using the behavior change wheel and the theoretical domains framework.","authors":"Hina Raheel, Annalyse Ferguson, Sharon L Leslie, Vanessa Guardado-Menjivar, Kelsey Chen, Alina Merceron, Jessica Arciniegas, Amy E Lovvorn, Melinda Higgins, Dana Boyd Barr, Eri Saikawa, Margaret A Handley, Lisa M Thompson","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae49a3","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae49a3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Addressing the mounting plastic waste problem requires system-level solutions, along with interventions that promote behavioral change. In low-resource countries, inadequate, if not absent, waste management systems lead to unsafe disposal practices, including open burning. While theory-informed approaches are essential for identifying enablers and barriers to target behavior change, their application is limited in these settings. Given the lack of a theory-driven synthesis of behavioral strategies to address plastic waste, this systematic review aimed to: (1) synthesize behavioral interventions related to plastic waste management in low-resource countries; (2) map these interventions to the behavior change wheel (BCW), using the capability-opportunity-motivation-behavior model, and the theoretical domains framework (TDF); and (3) classify implementation strategies to inform theory-driven intervention design. This review is the first to use the BCW to examine behavioral interventions related to plastic waste management in low-resource countries. Nine bibliographic databases: APA PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, Environment Complete, Global Health, GreenFile, Health Source: Nursing Academic, PubMed, and Web of Science Core Collection were searched. We included English-language human studies up to 9 April 2025, that evaluated interventions or policies targeting individual- or community-level behaviors related to plastic waste management in low-, lower-middle, or upper-middle income countries. We excluded studies from high-income countries, and those focused on environmental impacts, industrial or municipal waste streams, ecosystems or animals without human behavioral components, COVID-19-specific waste, or hypothetical modeling without real-life interventions. Forty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the mixed methods appraisal Tool. Interventions spanned 27 low-resource countries and targeted diverse populations, including schoolchildren, households, market vendors, and community organizations. Education was the most frequent BCW intervention function (76.7%), followed by environmental restructuring, incentivization, persuasion, and training. Mapping revealed that behavioral interventions relied most frequently on the TDF domains of environmental context, knowledge, skills, and social influences. Some domains, such as beliefs about capabilities, reinforcement, and identity, received moderate attention, while appealing to emotion or the use of behavioral regulation, were underutilized. Behavioral interventions for plastic waste management in low-resource countries have predominantly emphasized awareness-raising but insufficiently leveraged other BCW intervention functions and TDF domains. Integration of motivational, emotional, and identity-based strategies alongside structural support can enhance the sustainability of behavior change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"21 5","pages":"053003"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12965387/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147376462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}