Environmental Research Letters最新文献

{"title":"Assessing PM_2.5 pollution in the Northeastern United States from the 2023 Canadian wildfire smoke: an episodic study integrating air quality and health impact modeling with emissions and meteorological uncertainty analysis.","authors":"Hao He, Timothy P Canty, Russell R Dickerson, Joel Dreessen, Amir Sapkota, Michel Boudreaux","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae10c9","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae10c9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Between June 6 and 8, 2023, wildfires in Quebec, Canada generated massive smoke plumes that traveled long distances and deteriorated air quality across the Northeastern United States (US). Surface daily PM_2.5 observations exceeded 100 <i>µ</i>g m^-3, affecting major cities such as New York City and Philadelphia, while many areas lacked PM_2.5 monitors, making it difficult to assess local air quality conditions. To address this gap, we developed a WRF-CMAQ-BenMAP modeling system to provide rapid, spatially continuous estimates of wildfire-attributable PM_2.5 concentrations and associated health impacts, particularly benefiting regions lacking air quality monitoring. CMAQ simulations driven by two wildfire emissions datasets and two meteorological drivers showed good agreement with PM_2.5 observations, with linear regression results of <i>R²</i> ∼0.6 and slope ∼0.9. We further quantified uncertainties introduced by varying emissions and meteorological drivers and found the choice of wildfire emissions dataset alone can alter PM_2.5 simulations by up to 40 <i>µ</i>g m^-3 (∼40%). Short-term health impacts were evaluated using the BenMAP model. Validation against asthma-associated emergency department (ED) visits in New York State confirmed the framework's ability to replicate real-world outcomes, with ED visits increased up to ∼40%. The modeling results identified counties most severely affected by wildfire plumes, the majority of which lack regulatory air quality monitors. Our approach highlights the value of integrated modeling for identifying vulnerable populations and delivering timely health burden estimates, regardless of local monitoring availability.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 11","pages":"114042"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12533810/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145328470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortality risk and burden associated with non-optimum temperatures in Puerto Rico.","authors":"Francisco Díaz-Collado, Lingzhi Chu, Daniel Carrión, Pablo A Méndez-Lázaro, Kai Chen","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae013e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae013e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of a changing climate are already evident in Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS) like Puerto Rico, where heat episodes have become more frequent. Despite reports of increasing heat-related death rates, robust epidemiological evidence on the health impacts of high temperatures, as well as the effects of low temperatures, remains scarce, particularly outside of urban settlements in Caribbean SIDS. In this study, we conducted a case time-series study on municipality-level mortality and temperature in Puerto Rico from 2015-2023. We modeled the relationship between daily mortality count and mean temperature using a conditional quasi-Poisson regression, combined with a distributed lag non-linear model (dlnm) with a 21 d lag, adjusting for relative humidity, seasonality, and day of the week. We estimated the minimum mortality temperature (MMT)-the optimal temperature associated with the lowest mortality risk-and calculated the relative risk associated with extreme low and high temperature, defined as the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles of daily temperature. Additionally, we estimated the municipality- and island-level excess mortality fractions attributable to both low and high temperatures, relative to MMT. Our findings indicate that exposure to non-optimum temperatures (both low and high temperatures) is significantly associated with increased mortality risk. Specifically, extreme low temperature was associated with a 1.23 (95% CI: 1.07-1.40) times risk of all-cause mortality, while extreme high temperature was associated with a 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05-1.27) times risk. We estimated that temperature-related mortality accounted for 3.88% of the total 280 568 deaths (95% eCI: 3.39%-4.29%), with low temperatures contributing 2.02% (95% eCI: 1.69%-2.32%) and high temperatures contributing 1.86% (95% eCI: 1.35%-2.35%). Furthermore, we found substantial spatial variability in temperature-related mortality burdens across municipalities. Our study identifies the vulnerable municipalities to temperature-related deaths in Puerto Rico, providing evidence to inform municipality-specific climate adaptation and mitigation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 10","pages":"104032"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12419553/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145039333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Projected population exposure to dangerous heat stress around Lake Victoria under a high-end climate change scenario.","authors":"Delphine Ramon, Clare Heaviside, Oscar Brousse, Charles Simpson, Irene Amuron, Eddie Wasswa Jjemba, Jonas Van de Walle, Wim Thiery, Nicole P M van Lipzig","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae05b1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/ae05b1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent global temperature increases and extreme heat events have raised concerns about their impact on health, particularly in vulnerable regions like Africa. This study assesses future heat stress and population exposure in the Lake Victoria region under the high-emission SSP5-8.5 climate change scenario, using a convection-permitting climate model, heat stress indices (humidex and heat index), and high-resolution population projections under the high-emission SSP5-8.5 scenario, interpreted here as the high-end of the climate change signal. Results indicate a substantial increase in the duration of dangerous heat stress. By the end of the century, up to 122 million people, or around 44 <math><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow> </math> of the population may experience dangerous heat stress for more than 5 <math><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow> </math> of the time annually (i.e. ∼18 days), compared to 1 <math><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow> </math> of the population or around 1 million people for the period 2005-2016. Up to 28 <math><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow> </math> of the population (∼78 million people) would even experience dangerous heat for 15 <math><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow> </math> of the time (i.e. ∼55 days). 66 <math><mrow><mi>%</mi></mrow> </math> of this increased population exposure can be attributed to the combined effect of increasing temperatures and total population in the region. High heat-risk areas include the northern and southern shores of Lake Victoria and urban areas. The study highlights the need to consider both climate and population dynamics when assessing heat stress, and underscores the urgency of adaptation in the Lake Victoria region.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 10","pages":"104068"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12456429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145136722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Critical window of gestational greenspace exposure for the risk of low birth weight.","authors":"Seulkee Heo, Kelvin C Fong, Ji-Young Son, Michelle L Bell","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/adf86b","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/adf86b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many studies link average residential greenspace exposure during pregnancy to birthweight changes, but evidence on critical timing for low birthweight is limited. Furthermore, coarse aggregations of exposure levels throughout pregnancy may obscure complex exposure-response relationships. This case-control study using the birth data (<i>n</i> = 788,275) in three US states examined the associations between the ZIP code-level weekly enhanced vegetation index (EVI) levels during gestational weeks 0-39 and term low birthweight (TLBW). The logistic regression with distributed lag non-linear functions, adjusted for maternal characteristics and season, estimated odds ratios (OR) of TLBW per interquartile range increase (0.200) in weekly EVI. Week-specific ORs showed an inverted U-shape. Significant ORs were observed in weeks 0-7 and 30-39, ranging from 0.989 (95% CI: 0.978-0.999) to 0.996 (95% CI: 0.992-1.000). Results highlight the importance of higher greenspace exposure in early and late pregnancy for reducing TLBW risk, informing policy and future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 9","pages":"094028"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355035/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144872023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing new metrics for wildfire smoke exposure: case study in Alaska to bridge public health, climate adaptation, and fire management.","authors":"Micah B Hahn, Nelsha R Athauda, Zhiwei Dong, Melissa Bradley, Jingqiu Mao, Loretta J Mickley","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/adeff6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/adeff6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildfire activity is increasing globally due to climate change, with implications for air quality and public health. Fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) from wildfire smoke contributes to cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality, adverse birth outcomes, mental health stressors, and disruptions to food security and traditional livelihoods. However, quantifying health risks remains difficult due to sparse monitoring, challenges in isolating wildfire-specific pollution, and limited long-term exposure assessments. We developed a historical air quality dataset for Alaska using a hybrid approach that integrates GEOS-Chem atmospheric modeling with ground-based data to estimate daily wildfire-attributable PM_2.5 at a 0.625° × 0.5° resolution from 2003 to 2020. We aggregated these estimates by census tract and derived metrics to quantify long-term wildfire smoke exposure, then combined these estimates with social vulnerability data to identify populations disproportionately affected. Alaskans experienced an average of 3.5 million person-days of moderate and >800 000 person-days of dense smoke exposure annually. In years when over 2 million acres burned, 86%-98% of census tracts recorded at least 1 d of moderate smoke, and up to 73% experienced dense smoke. Northern Interior Alaska had over 300 cumulative days of poor air quality (∼10% of summer days) over the 18 year period, with smoke waves lasting as long as 43 d. Tracts identified as having high smoke exposure and high smoke vulnerability were generally in rural Interior Alaska; however, urban tracts in Interior and Southcentral were also identified. High-exposure census tracts had statistically greater proportions of housing cost-burdened residents and women of childbearing age. This study highlights the need to move beyond traditional fire metrics and adopt measures that better capture the full scope of human exposure. Our approach provides a framework for assessing health risks and integrating public health into climate adaptation and fire management especially in wildfire-prone regions where observations are sparse.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 8","pages":"084073"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12290276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does greenspace influence the associations between ambient temperature and violent crime? An observational study.","authors":"Seulkee Heo, Hayon Michelle Choi, Scott W Delaney, Peter James, Michelle L Bell","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/adef6a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/adef6a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Despite the growing evidence on the associations between greenspace and violent crime, there is a lack of research on the urban greenspace's influence on the associations between ambient temperature and violent crime. This observational study examined the risk differences by community's greenspace level using various greenspace indicators. Our time-series analysis modeled the associations between daily mean temperature (°C) over two lag days (lag0-1) and daily counts of violent crime during summer (May-September) in each ZIP code in Chicago, IL (2001-2023), adjusting for confounding factors. Our random-effects meta analysis analyzed estimated the pooled relative risk (RR) at the 80th summer temperature percentile compared to the reference temperature (10th percentile) across the ZIP codes. Our meta-regressions analyzed how the ZIP code-specific relative risks (RRs) differ by the number of parks, sum of park areas, percentage of vegetated area, percentage of recreational vegetated area, vegetation density (30 m), percent tree coverage, and percent street-level tree coverage aggregated at the ZIP code level. A total of 1075 959 counts of violent crime were included in our analysis. We found 8% (95% CI: 7%-10%) higher risk of violent crime incidents when the daily mean temperature was at the 80th percentile (25.9 °C) compared to the reference temperature (8.6 °C). The pooled RR was significantly lower in ZIP codes with the highest vegetation density (RR = 1.085 [95% CI: 1.040-1.131]) compared to those with the lowest vegetated density (RR = 1.124 [1.088-1.162]). The RR was significantly lower in ZIP codes with the highest percentage of tree coverage (RR = 1.088 [1.046-1.132]) compared to the ZIP codes with the lowest percentage of tree coverage (RR = 1.123 [1.086-1.162]). The observed results indicate that greenspace can be beneficial in reducing the associations between heat and violent crime. The results should be considered in urban greenery planning and policies to reduce violent crime.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 8","pages":"084064"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12288829/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144728874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focus on environmental footprint tools for sustainability: an overview of contributions.","authors":"James N Galloway, Jana E Compton, Allison M Leach","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/addb64","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/addb64","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 7","pages":"070202"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12208502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence, spatial distribution, potential sources, and risk assessment of common antibiotics in surface seawater of the Northeastern Indian Ocean","authors":"Jiuming Wang, R. Hao, Yuanxin Cao, Xiuping He, Fengjun Wang, Haiyuan Wang, Junhui Chen","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/ade60c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade60c","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The increasing entry of antibiotics into the marine environment has led to marine pollution and the potential global spread of antibiotic resistance genes, posing a threat to both marine ecosystems and human health. Compared with β -lactam and sulfonamide antibiotics, tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics have longer environmental half-lives and are more widely used, particularly in agriculture, aquaculture, and healthcare. In this study, the composition, spatial distribution, potential sources, and ecological risks of 4 tetracycline and 20 quinolone antibiotics were systematically investigated by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the surface seawater of the Northeastern Indian Ocean for the first time. A total of nine antibiotics were detected in seawater samples, including tetracycline (detection rate: 100%), oxytetracycline (100%), chlortetracycline (100%), doxycycline (100%), ofloxacin (100%), ciprofloxacin (100%), norfloxacin (92.3%), enrofloxacin (96.2%), and fleroxacin (23.1%). Tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, doxycycline, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin were widely distributed throughout the study area, with tetracycline antibiotics (83.8%) being significantly more prevalent than quinolone antibiotics. Among them, oxytetracycline was the dominant tetracycline antibiotic. The concentrations of tetracycline and quinolone antibiotics ranged from 0.258 to 23.521 ng l −1 (mean: 16.813 ng l −1 ) and 0.016–9.480 ng l −1 (mean: 3.261 ng l −1 ), respectively. The highest concentrations were found in the northeastern region of the study area. Aquaculture and livestock farming in Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia were identified as potential sources of these antibiotics. Ecological risk assessments indicated that ciprofloxacin poses a moderate risk to aquatic organisms in the Northeastern Indian Ocean. This study provides new insights into antibiotic pollution in the open waters of the Indian Ocean and highlights the urgent need for further research on the ecological impacts of these emerging pollutants in marine environments.","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 7","pages":"074070-074070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147332874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal drivers of mosquito abundance in urban informal settlements.","authors":"Emma E Ramsay, Peter A Faber, Genie M Fleming, Grant A Duffy, Andi Zulkifli Agussalim, S Fiona Barker, Maghfira Saifuddaolah, Ruzka R Taruc, Autiko Tela, Revoni Vamosi, Silvia Rosova Vilsoni, Steven L Chown","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/add751","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-9326/add751","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban informal settlement residents are vulnerable to mosquito-borne diseases, but little is known about the specific drivers of risk, or how they differ, within the diversity of informal settlements globally. Here we aimed to identify key drivers of mosquito abundance in different urban informal settlements to inform upgrading programs. We developed a causal framework of mosquito risk and tested it in two distinct geographic settings: Makassar, Indonesia and Suva, Fiji. Using longitudinal mosquito trapping surveys in 24 informal settlements between 2018 and 2024 (totalling 1534 successful trap sets in Makassar and 1216 in Suva), we fitted causal models to infer the relationships between climatic, environmental and socioeconomic drivers and the abundance of two dominant mosquito species: <i>Aedes aegypti</i> and <i>Culex quinquefasciatus</i>. Water supply and access, and variation in temperature and precipitation were key drivers of mosquito abundance in both informal settlement locations, but the direction of effects differed between vector species. Piped water supply in a settlement reduced the abundance of the dengue vector, <i>Ae. aegypti</i> but increased the abundance of <i>Cx. quinquefasciatus.</i> Higher temperature and precipitation were associated with more <i>Ae. aegypti</i> in both geographic locations. By identifying the pathways through which changes in informal settlement environments are likely to alter mosquito risk we provide essential information to guide upgrading and resilience programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 6","pages":"064028"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12089996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144119003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extreme heat impacts on daily life and adaptive behaviours captured through lived experience.","authors":"Joanne L Godwin, Y T Eunice Lo, Ulrika Maude, Nicholas J Timpson, Kate Northstone","doi":"10.1088/1748-9326/adcbc5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/adcbc5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>So far, there has been little evidence of the impact of extreme heat on behaviour and wellbeing in daily life, beyond gross health metrics like hospital admissions and mortality. Data are needed to better understand the relative impact of a changing climate across life course strata and ultimately inform effective adaptation strategies. Using the UK September 2023 heatwave as a case study, we surveyed 3242 participants from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children about their lived experience of extreme heat. Responses evidenced perceived adverse impacts on sleep quality (67% of the participants), productivity at home (41%), appetite (29%), and productivity at work (25%). Beneficial impacts were perceived for mood (39% of the participants) and physical health (20%). Demographic (age and gender) and socio-economic variables (employment status and housing type) were associated with differences in the reported heat effects for lived experience of sleep quality, productivity at home and mood. Participants who were female, ⩽34 years of age, and unemployed/not working, perceived 'a lot worse' impacts on sleep quality in greater numbers than other sub-groups (age: 25% ⩽ 34 <i>versus</i> 10% ⩾ 65; gender: 21% female <i>versus</i> 10% male; employment status: 37% unemployed/not working <i>versus</i> 19% employed). These groups, as well as people living in flats, are also perceived 'a lot and slightly worse' impacts on productivity at home and mood, more often than other sub-groups. Despite the majority of the (82%) participants reporting awareness of the UK Health Security Agency and Met Office amber heat-health alerts, only 34% reported taking adaptive measures. Understanding the physiological and socio-economic drivers behind the experience of extreme heat is crucial for building resilience. Established cohort studies can be usefully employed to rapidly measure impact and variation in response.</p>","PeriodicalId":11747,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research Letters","volume":"20 5","pages":"054077-54077"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7619029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147766290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}