PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Development and validation of a mitotic catastrophe-related genes prognostic model for breast cancer.","authors":"Shuai Wang, Haoyi Zi, Mengxuan Li, Jing Kong, Cong Fan, Yujie Bai, Jianing Sun, Ting Wang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer has become the most common malignant tumor in women worldwide. Mitotic catastrophe (MC) is a way of cell death that plays an important role in the development of tumors. However, the exact relationship between MC-related genes (MCRGs) and the development of breast cancer is still unclear, and further research is needed to elucidate this complexity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptome data and clinical data of breast cancer were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We identified differential expression of MCRGs by comparing tumor tissue with normal tissue. Subsequently, we used COX regression analysis and LASSO regression analysis to construct the prognosis risk model of MCRGs. Kaplan-Meier survival curve and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to evaluate the predictive ability of prognostic model. Moreover, the clinical relevance, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), immune landscape, tumor mutation burden (TMB), and immunotherapy and drug sensitivity analysis between high-risk and low-risk groups were systematically investigated. Finally, we validated the expression levels of genes involved in constructing the prognostic model through real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) at the cellular and tissue levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 12 prognostic associated MCRGs, four of which were selected to construct prognostic model. The Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that patients in the high-risk group had a shorter overall survival (OS). The Cox regression analysis and ROC analysis indicated that risk model had independent and excellent ability in predicting prognosis of breast cancer patients. Mechanistically, a remarkable difference was observed in clinical relevance, GSEA, immune landscape, TMB, immunotherapy response, and drug sensitivity analysis. RT-qPCR results showed that genes involved in constructing the prognostic model showed significant abnormal expressions and the expression change trends were consistent with the bioinformatics results.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We established a prognosis risk model based on four MCRGs that had the ability to predict clinical prognosis and immune landscape, proposing potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic performance of serum metabolites biomarker associated with colorectal adenoma: a systematic review.","authors":"Maryam Fatimah Abu Bakar, Siok Fong Chin, Suzana Makpol, Jen Kit Tan, Azmawati Mohammed Nawi","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence on serum biomarkers as a non-invasive tool to detect colorectal adenoma (CRA) in the general population is quite promising. However, the sensitivity and specificity of these serum biomarkers in detecting disease are still questionable. This study aimed to systematically review the evidence on the diagnostic performance of serum biomarkers associated with CRA. Database searches on PubMed, Scopus, and WoS from January 2014 to December 2023 using PRISMA guidelines resulted in 4,380 citations, nine of which met inclusion criteria. The quality of these studies was assessed using the QUADOMICS tool. These studies reported on 77 individual/panel biomarkers which were further analysed to find associated altered pathways using MetaboAnlyst 5.0. Diagnostic accuracy analysis of these biomarkers was conducted by constructing a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve using their reported sensitivity and specificity. This review identified six potential serum metabolite biomarkers with 0.7<AUC<1. Benzoic acid, acetate, and lactate significantly differentiate CRA <i>vs.</i> normal, while adenosine, pentothenate, and linoleic acid are highly remarkable for CRA <i>vs.</i> CRC. The five most affected pathways for CRA <i>vs.</i> normal are glycoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis; D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism; and nitrogen metabolism. Meanwhile, pyruvate metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, glycerolipid metabolism, citrate/TCA cycle, and alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism were found to be altered in CRA <i>vs.</i> CRC. However, the association of suggested serum metabolites and altered pathways is still unknown. Despite promising emerging evidence, further validation studies in a diverse population with standardized methodology are needed to validate the findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418823/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of microRNA-155 in thalassemic erythropoiesis.","authors":"Tipparat Penglong, Nuttanan Pholngam, Nasra Tehyoh, Natta Tansila, Hansuk Buncherd, Supinya Thanapongpichat, Kanitta Srinoun","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ineffective erythropoiesis (IE) is the primary cause of anemia and associated pathologies in <i>β</i>-thalassemia. The characterization of IE is imbalance of erythroid proliferation and differentiation, resulting in increased erythroblast proliferation that fails to differentiate and gives rise to enucleate RBCs. MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to play important roles in hematopoiesis. miR-155 is a multifunctional molecule involved in both normal and pathological hematopoiesis, and its upregulation is observed in patients with <i>β</i>-thalassemia/HbE. However, the expression and function of miR-155, especially in <i>β</i>-thalassemia, have not yet been explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To study miR-155 expression in thalassemia, erythroblast subpopulations, CD45-CD71⁺Ter-119⁺ and CD45-CD71^-Ter-119⁺ were collected from <i>β</i> ^IVSII-654 thalassemic bone marrow. Additionally, a two-phase culture of mouse bone marrow erythroid progenitor cells was performed. Expression of miR-155 and predicted mRNA target genes, <i>c-myc</i>, <i>bach-1</i> and <i>pu-1</i>, were determined by quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and normalized to small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) 202 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), respectively. To investigate the effect of miR-155 expression, erythroblasts were transfected with miR-inhibitor and -mimic in order to elevate and eliminate miR-155 expression, respectively. Erythroid cell differentiation was evaluated by Wright-Giemsa staining and flow cytometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-155 was upregulated, both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>, during erythropoiesis in <i>β</i>-thalassemic mice. Our study revealed that gain- and loss of function of miR-155 were involved in erythroid proliferation and differentiation, and augmented proliferation and differentiation of thalassemic mouse erythroblasts may be associated with miR-155 upregulation. miR-155 upregulation in <i>β</i>-thalassemic mice significantly increased the percentage of basophilic and polychromatic erythroblasts. Conversely, a significant decrease in percentage of basophilic and polychromatic erythroblasts was observed in <i>β</i>-thalassemic mice transfected with anti-miR-155 inhibitor. We also examined the mRNA targets (<i>c-myc</i>, <i>bach-1</i> and <i>pu-1</i>) of miR-155, which indicated that <i>c-myc</i> is a valid target gene of miR-155 that regulates erythroid differentiation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>miR-155 regulates IE in <i>β</i>-thalassemia via <i>c-myc</i> expression controlling erythroblast proliferation and differentiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418816/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating challenges in radiography research: radiographers' perspectives in Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Faisal A Alrehily, Walaa Alsharif, Yasser Aloufi, Ammar Alsaedi, Marwan Aljohani, Reem S Alotaibi, Hamed Alshammari, Abdullah Fahad A Alshamrani, Fahad H Alhazmi, Abdulaziz Qurashi","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18125","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Radiography is a crucial healthcare specialty that requires ongoing research to advance imaging technologies and techniques. Despite this, radiographers are faced with obstacles such as time constraints, lack of resources, and the need for training on new technologies, which can discourage their research involvement. This study aims to provide a more representative understanding of the radiography research culture in Saudi Arabia, building upon previous studies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the approval of an ethics committee at Taibah University (2024/173/302 DRD), a cross-sectional survey was conducted from January to March 2024 among registered radiographers in Saudi Arabia. An online questionnaire was distributed <i>via</i> social media platforms using a snowball sampling strategy to reach a diverse group of radiographers across different regions and institutions. Participants provided informed consent before completing the questionnaire. The questionnaire, originally in English, was translated into Arabic and validated by two bilingual academics. It included sections on demographics, previous research experience, barriers to research involvement, factors encouraging research engagement, and self-assessment of research competencies. Descriptive statistics and Cronbach's alpha were used to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 105 radiographers participated in the study, with 41% having prior research involvement. Among those engaged, the most common activity was data collection (65%), followed by preparation of scientific articles (49%). Challenges such as the lack of a research-focused culture (48%), insufficient awareness of opportunities (36%), and time constraints (34%) were prominent barriers to research participation. Encouraging factors included the need for research training (63%), support from research groups (51%), and allocated research time (50%). Respondents assessed their research skills, with confidence varied across skills, with 50% feeling capable of initiating research and 51% of participating, yet a significant proportion expressed uncertainties, especially in statistical knowledge and research methodology.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most of the surveyed radiographers did not engage in research. However, there is a substantial interest in enhancing research involvement, with training, collaborative groups, and organizational support identified as key factors encouraging participation. The findings suggest that addressing these barriers can foster a more robust research culture, leading to improved diagnostic practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the Summer habitat use of <i>Bos gaurus</i> and its conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal.","authors":"Surakshya Poudel, Basudev Pokhrel, Bijaya Neupane, Mahamad Sayab Miya, Nishan Kc, Chitra Rekha Basyal, Asmita Neupane, Bijaya Dhami","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gaur (<i>Bos gaurus</i>) is listed as a vulnerable species in the IUCN Red List of threatened species due to the rapid population decline caused by human pressures in their habitats. To develop successful conservation plans, it is essential to understand the relationship between Gaur and their habitats. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing Gaur habitat use and identify and rank conservation threats in Chitwan National Park, Nepal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using line transect surveys, we recorded Gaur's presence <i>via</i> direct sightings and indirect signs (dung, footprints, horns) over an area of 176 km² in July and August 2022. We used binary logistic regression models to determine the collected ecological and anthropogenic factors influencing the occurrence of Gaur and the relative whole-site threat ranking method to rank conservation threats.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed that the probability of Gaur occurrence increases with moderate to high canopy cover, riverine and <i>Shorea robusta</i> dominated forests, and nearest distance to road/path/firelines, while decreasing with the presence of predators. Uncontrolled fire, invasive species, human disturbances, and climate change were ranked as the most prevailing threats to Gaur in our study area. Conservation managers should implement effective habitat management interventions, such as construction of waterhole, firelines maintenance, grassland management, and control of invasive species in the potential habitats, to safeguard and maintain the sustainability of Gaur populations and associated herbivores. Future studies should consider larger geographical settings and multiple seasons, and habitat suitability assessments should be conducted to determine current and future suitable habitat refugia for Gaur and other threatened wildlife species at the landscape level.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relationship between price and nutritional balance for young adults in the menus of Japanese restaurants.","authors":"Yu Ogasawara, Miyuki Asanuma, Masashi Kasuya, Yuki Soma","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eating habits are a contributing factor to obesity. Higher-priced menu items have better nutritional quality/balance, as the relationship between the price of food per serving and nutritional quality/balance has been reported. However, previous studies on the nutritional content of restaurant menu items did not focus on the relationship between the nutritional balance of menu items and prices. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate this relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The nutritional balance score (NBS) was defined and calculated according to each nutritional criterion of men and women aged 18-29 years, covering more than 2,000 menu items in 26 Japanese restaurant chains. Furthermore, NBS distribution by gender and restaurant brand, and the relationship between the menu item's NBS and price were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the average NBS of the analyzed menu items differed between the criteria for men and women, with the menu items assessed based on men's criterion being more nutritionally balanced on average. The compositions of the top 10 menu items differed between men and women, and most were set menus or rice bowl menus, which were offered by fast-food restaurants. The relationship between price and NBS in most fast-food and casual restaurants was expressed as a concave function. The maximum NBS based on the criteria for men and women were 64.9 and 64.1, with prices of 639.9 and 530.3 yen, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>NBS score increased with price to a certain level before decreasing, suggesting that the price at which NBS was the highest differed between men and women. The results of this study could contribute to the development of a methodology for healthy eating out practices, with a focus on price.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418817/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot development of diagnostic tools for lower limb apophyseal injuries in children and adolescents.","authors":"Joseph Brooks, Antoni Caserta, Kade Paterson, Kelly-Ann Bowles, Terry Haines, Cylie Williams","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Lower limb apophyseal injuries commonly occur in children and adolescents with unknown incidence and prevalence. These conditions are considered benign, but impact children and adolescents quality of life and can lead to sport withdrawal at a crucial time. The primary aim of this research was to develop self-administered tools for two of the most common apophyseal injuries. The secondary aim was to test the sensitivity and specificity of the tools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study 1 used a three round online Delphi panel (<i>n</i> = 8), with expert consensus supported by robust literature. This panel developed a self-administered screening tool for calcaneal (Sever's disease) and tibial tuberosity (Osgood-Schlatter's disease) apophysitis. Study 2 tested the sensitivity and specificity of these developed tools with parents and children (<i>n</i> = 63) with concurrent clinical examination by a health professional. An initial sample size for Study 2 was set at 155 children however this was impacted by COVID-19 and recruitment was halted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both tools had excellent diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve of 83% (95% confidence interval = 0.70 to 0.95) for the posterior heel (calcaneal apophysitis) tool and 93% (95% confidence interval = 0.80 to 1.00) for the anterior of knee (tibial tuberosity apophysitis) tool using the pilot data from the 63 children.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These tools may also enhance opportunities for clinicians and health service providers with pre-clinical screening to reduce wait list time and encourage low cost, self-administered management where indicated. These findings may enable large epidemiological studies to identify populations and calculate incidence and prevalence of these conditions using self report.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exogenous melatonin promoted seed hypocotyl germination of <i>Paeonia ostia</i> 'Fengdan' characterized by regulating hormones and starches.","authors":"Xia Li, Qi Sun, Qiang Shen, Chunlei Zhao, Fengzhen Chen, Yumei Liu, Guangcan Zhou, Xueqin Liu, Xiaofei Kang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Seed hypocotyl germination signifies the initiation of the life cycle for plants and represents a critical stage that heavily influences subsequent plant growth and development. While previous studies have established the melatonin (MEL; N-acetyl-5-methoxytrytamine) effect to stimulate seed germination of some plants, its specific role in peony germination and underlying physiological mechanism have yet to be determined. This study aims to evaluate the MEL effect for the hypocotyl germination of peony seeds, further ascertain its physiological regulation factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this work, seeds of <i>Paeonia ostia</i> 'Fengdan' were soaked into MEL solution at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 µM for 48 h and then germinated in darkness in incubators. Seeds immersed in distilled water without MEL for the same time were served as the control group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At concentrations of 100 and 200 µM, MEL treatments improved the rooting rate of peony seeds, while 400 µM inhibited the process. During seed germination, the 100 and 200 µM MEL treatments significantly reduced the starch concentration, and <i>α</i>-amylase was the primary amylase involved in the action of melatonin. Additionally, compared to the control group, 100 µM MEL treatment significantly increased the GA₃ concentration and radicle thickness of seeds, but decreased ABA concentration. The promotion effect of 200 µM MEL pretreatment on GA₁ and GA₇ was the most pronounced, while GA₄ concentration was most significantly impacted by 50 µM and 100 µM MEL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Correlation analysis established that 100 µM MEL pretreatment most effectively improved the rooting rate characterized by increasing <i>α</i>-amylase activity to facilitate starch decomposition, boosting GA₃ levels, inhibiting ABA production to increase the relative ratio of GA₃ to ABA. Moreover, MEL increased radicle thickness of peony seeds correlating with promoting starch decomposition and enhancing the synthesis of GA₁ and GA₇.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of post COVID-19 on body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life among young adults: a cross-sectional study of matched pairs.","authors":"Phatcharawadee Srirug, Chatkaew Pongmala, Balkis Mayeedeng, Nurulfatin Yusoh, Sofiya Malee, Chadayu Udom","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causes lung tissue inflammation, affects mental health, and disturbs sleep and the musculoskeletal system. This study aimed to investigate the effects of COVID-19 on physical function and quality of life by comparing the body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life between Thai young adults with and without post COVID-19 infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was comprised of two matched groups (post COVID-19 group and non COVID-19 group) with 36 participants in each group. Data about body composition, physical fitness, sleep quality and quality of life were collected using the bioelectrical impedance analysis, the 1-min sit-to-stand test, the hand grip strength test, the Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire and the EuroQol-5D-5L, respectively. Independent samples T-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test were used to compare between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The changes in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate after the physical fitness test and the sleep quality analysis showed a statistically significant difference between the groups with and without post COVID-19 infection (<i>p</i> = 0.006, <i>p</i> = 0.003 and <i>p</i> = 0.003, respectively). However, quality of life and body composition were not significantly different between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 influenced the changes in oxygen saturation and respiratory rate after the physical fitness test and the sleep quality analysis in young adults. The results should be utilized to facilitate physical rehabilitation for COVID-19-infected individuals following infection. Those who have not been infected with COVID-19 must be informed of self-protection measures to avoid contracting the virus.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418813/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The nexus between geographical distance and institutional delivery trends in Ethiopia: evidence from nationwide surveys.","authors":"Yemisrach Berhanu Sebsibe, Tayue Tateke Kebede","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.18128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Giving birth in a healthcare facility with the guidance of skilled healthcare providers allows access to necessary medical interventions. Ethiopia has implemented several strategies to enhance institutional delivery and decrease maternal mortality; however, the rate of institutional delivery remains low. This study examines the role of distance to healthcare institutions on institutional delivery in Ethiopia, and how this has changed over time.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used data from two rounds of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (2011 and 2016), a spatial database detailing the locations of healthcare facilities, and Ethiopian road network data. The sample included 22,881 women who delivered within the 5 years preceding each survey and lived in 1,295 villages. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to investigate how the distance to health facilities and other potential determinants influenced institutional delivery trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of institutional deliveries in Ethiopia has increased from 10% in 2011 to 26% in 2016. Likewise, the average transportation distance to health facilities has decreased from 22.4 km in 2011 to 20.2 km in 2016 at the national level. Furthermore, a one-kilometer increase in the distance to the nearest health facility was associated with a 1% decrease in the likelihood of delivering at a health facility in 2016 (odds ratio (OR) = 0.99, 95% CI [0.98-0.99], <i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, mothers who are more educated, have completed more antenatal care visits, live in wealthier households in more urban areas, and cohabit with more educated husbands are more likely to deliver at healthcare facilities. These variables showed consistent relevance in both survey rounds, suggesting that key determinants remained largely unchanged throughout the study period.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The impact of distance from health facilities on institutional delivery in Ethiopia remains evident, although its influence is relatively modest. The other factors, including education, antenatal care, socioeconomic status, urban residence, and partner education, remained consistent between the two surveys. These determinants have consistently influenced institutional delivery, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive approach that addresses both access to and socioeconomic factors to improve maternal and infant health across the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11418825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}