PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Unveiling water quality and health risks from groundwater chemicals in Poyang Lake basin of China: a sophisticated analysis.","authors":"Xiaodong Chu, Jingyuan He, Ting Chen, Hailin You, Xuhui Luo, Shuping Liu, Jinying Xu, Zhifei Ma","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Groundwater is a critical water resource in the Poyang Lake basin, especially given the increasing frequency of extreme drought events. However, comprehensive assessments of its chemical characteristics and associated health risks remain insufficient. This study aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of groundwater quality and associated health risks in the Poyang Lake basin, China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study collected 670 groundwater samples from domestic and agricultural wells across the basin during the 2022 dry season. Hydrochemical parameters, including manganese (Mn), ammonia nitrogen (NH<sub>4<sup>+</sup></sub> ), iron (Fe<sup>3+</sup>), aluminum (Al<sup>3+</sup>), chemical oxygen demand (COD), fluoride (F<sup>-</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3<sup>-</sup></sub> ), were analyzed and compared against China's Class III groundwater quality standards. Spatial variations in water quality were evaluated using the Entropically Weighted Water Quality Index (EWQI). Non-carcinogenic health risks via ingestion and dermal contact pathways were quantified through deterministic risk assessment models, with uncertainty and probability analyzed <i>via</i> Monte Carlo simulations (10,000 iterations). Sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify dominant factors influencing risk outcomes, ensuring a robust probabilistic interpretation of health hazards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results unveils pronounced spatial variability across key hydrochemical parameters: pH ranges from 3.05 to 11.09, total dissolved solids (TDS) from 25.38 to 1,635.21 mg/L, Mn from below detection limits to 19.93 mg/L, COD from below detection limits to 8.57 mg/L, and TH from 9.47 to 905.78 mg/L. A notable proportion of samples breach the Class III groundwater quality standards, with 38% for Mn, 39% for COD, and 15% for NH<sub>4<sup>+</sup></sub> . The Piper diagram analysis categorizes the primary groundwater type as HCO<sub>3<sup>-</sup></sub> -Ca, with a secondary Cl-Ca-Mg type. Through the EWQI assessment, while the overall water quality is deemed acceptable, we identify 56 sites with EWQI values indicative of poor to very poor quality, predominantly influenced by Mn and NH<sub>4<sup>+</sup></sub> . The irrigation risk assessment highlights extensive areas unsuitable for irrigation, particularly within the Ganjiang River basin. Health risk assessments utilizing a deterministic model reveal significant non-carcinogenic risks from F<sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3<sup>-</sup></sub> in groundwater, especially for children. However, our Monte Carlo simulation indicates that the probabilities of F<sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3<sup>-</sup></sub> posing non-carcinogenic health risks are virtually zero, suggesting that the deterministic assessment may have overestimated the health risks. This study provides critical insights into the groundwater quality and health risks in the Poyang Lake basin and underscores the necessity for targeted wa","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality assessment from biobank plasma and serum specimens: a systematic review.","authors":"Xiongshun Liang, Wanna Xu, Lin Chen, Xiaoqian Liu, Wenxu Hong, Xuqiao Hu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.20122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Accurate assessment of serum and plasma quality is essential for reliable biobanking and research. This systematic review synthesizes 46 studies and shows that current evaluation methods prioritize sample processing delays, freeze-thaw cycles, storage duration, and temperature variations, while neglecting preanalytical factors like medication and diet. Temperature critically affected stability: non-refrigerated samples (8-37 °C) showed 3.2 times more biomarker alterations than refrigerated samples after >24 h delays. Freeze-thaw cycles caused dose-dependent instability, with >10 cycles triggering severe degradation (70% altered biomarkers) and universal enzyme impairment. Even ≤5 cycles significantly altered enzymes (43% affected). Enzymes also degraded over time at <-20 °C, with alteration rates rising from 20% (1-5 years) to 55% (>10 years). The analysis consolidates stability data for enzymes, sterols, cytokines, and metabolites across conditions, providing an evidence-based foundation for quality control. Standardizing procedures to address these gaps will enhance sample integrity, research reliability, and clinical utility. Critically, this review underscores that preexisting biobank collections may have inherent limitations, necessitating careful evaluation of sample history when designing studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e20122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514999/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solubilization of skin collagen improves the accuracy and reliability of stable isotope measurements.","authors":"Alexandra A Y Derian, Ryan Pawlowski, Paul Szpak","doi":"10.7717/peerj.20152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stable isotope analysis of skin collagen is useful for detecting short-term or seasonal diet. Preparation of skin for stable isotope analysis varies across laboratories, and this may impact the comparability of data. It is important to understand the effects of different preparatory protocols on the stable isotopic and elemental compositions of skin samples. Using a Eurovector 3,300 elemental analyzer coupled to a Nu Horizon isotope ratio mass spectrometer, we tested the impact of three treatment variants (refluxing at three temperatures to remove non-collagenous proteins, treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and chemical lipid extraction using 2:1 chloroform:methanol) on the stable isotope (<i>δ</i> ¹³carbon (C) and <i>δ</i> ¹⁵nitrogen (N)) and elemental (wt% C, and wt% N) composition of pig (<i>Sus scrofa domesticus</i>) skin. The refluxing step produced pig skin with higher <i>δ</i> ¹³C values, lower C:N_Atomic ratios, less variable C:N_Atomic ratios, wt% C, and wt% N. The chemical lipid extraction also produced higher, more reliable <i>δ</i> ¹³C values and lower, less variable C:N_Atomic ratios. The isotopic data in the lipid-extracted and refluxed samples were more consistent in the refluxed samples than the non-refluxed and non-lipid-extracted samples, as determined by the elemental compositions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e20152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514997/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From lowlands to highlands: how elevation and habitat complexity drive anuran multidimensional diversity?","authors":"Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Kássio de Castro Araújo, Jorge Mario Herrera-Lopera, Caio Vinícius de Mira-Mendes, Tadeu Teixeira Medeiros, Marcos Ferreira Vila Nova, Marcelo Felgueiras Napoli, Mirco Solé","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Montane environments in Neotropical regions are known for their rich diversity of amphibians, but the ecological drivers behind this diversity along altitudinal gradients remain poorly understood. We investigated the effects of the altitudinal range and local environmental variables on the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional alpha and beta diversity of anuran assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We characterized the richness, abundance, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of anurans in 24 transects within the interior of the forest along an altitudinal range of 200-950 m in the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) Serra Bonita, southern Bahia state, northeastern Brazil. For each transect, we measured the following environmental variables: altitude, leaf litter depth and cover, canopy opening, number of tank-bromeliads, number of trees, and mean air temperature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found 36 anuran species distributed in 10 families. Altitudinal strata plays an important role in explaining anuran abundance, with direct-developing frogs being the most abundant species. The number of tank-bromeliads was interpreted as having the most substantial support to explain the anuran abundance, lineage richness and functional diversity, whereas leaf litter depth influenced the dominant lineages. Additionally, altitude significantly influenced taxonomic and phylogenetic dissimilarity. Lastly, we found an inverse pattern of altitudinal Rapoport's rule, in which species with optimal altitudes in the highlands exhibit a lower range-size distribution, likely due to habitat specialization or micro-endemism at higher altitudes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Altitude significantly influenced the abundance, taxonomic composition, and phylogenetic diversity of anuran communities, with higher elevations supporting a greater number of individuals and distinct evolutionary lineages. In contrast, functional diversity did not vary with altitude, suggesting functional redundancy, where different species perform similar ecological roles, thereby maintaining community resilience. Local factors, such as the number of tank-bromeliads and leaf litter depth, were also key variables shaping community structure. Given the high species turnover and the presence of unique evolutionary lineages, especially in the highlands, conservation efforts should prioritize the protection of the entire montane habitat to sustain the ecological and evolutionary processes that support this exceptional biodiversity. Understanding how species are distributed and identifying the most important filters of anuran diversity along altitudinal gradients in the Atlantic Forest is essential for developing management plans and conservation actions in this threatened region that harbors one of the world's most remarkable assemblages of anurans.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19561"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514998/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective study: anthropometric and metabolic characteristics of patients with metabolic syndrome-a gender-specific analysis of clinical and correlation patterns.","authors":"Yingxin Li, Huanhua Wu, Yingtong Lu, Jingjie Shang, Yong Cheng, Xiaozheng Cao, Zhiqiang Tan, Qijun Cai, Hao Xu, Bin Guo","doi":"10.7717/peerj.20183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent condition associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. Despite its clinical significance, the relationships between anthropometric indices and metabolic markers-particularly in a gender-specific context-remain inadequately explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 104 patients diagnosed with MetS between 2016 and 2022. Anthropometric indices, including body roundness index (BRI), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and weight-to-waist index (WWI), were analyzed for their associations with metabolic markers reflecting insulin resistance and glucose metabolism: fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FIns), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). These markers represent key components of MetS, although other diagnostic elements such as dyslipidemia and hypertension were beyond the scope of this analysis. Gender-specific subgroup analyses were conducted for 57 female and 47 male patients.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences in anthropometric and metabolic characteristics were observed between genders. Male patients exhibited higher BMI (40.4 [37.5, 44.2] <i>vs</i>. 37.2 [33.6, 40.3], <i>p</i> = 0.022), waist circumference (128.0 [120.2, 137.5] cm <i>vs</i>. 115.0 [106.0, 120.0] cm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and FIns levels (22.8 [16.4, 29.5] μIU/mL <i>vs</i>. 17.8 [15.0, 23.4] μIU/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.107). Correlation analyses revealed that BMI and BRI were strongly associated with HOMA-IR and FIns in both genders, with stronger associations observed in males (<i>e.g</i>., BMI <i>vs</i>. FIns, r = 0.60, <i>p</i> < 0.001). WHtR was significantly correlated with metabolic markers in males but not in females. WWI showed limited correlations across both genders.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study highlights distinct gender-specific patterns in the relationships between anthropometric indices and metabolic markers in MetS patients. These findings underscore the importance of tailored strategies in managing MetS, particularly considering gender-based differences in clinical and metabolic profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e20183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of two field preservation methods on genotyping success of feces.","authors":"Valentina Valencia-Montoya, Isabel Salado, Ines Sanchez-Donoso, Alberto Fernández-Gil, Carles Vilà, Jennifer A Leonard","doi":"10.7717/peerj.20154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-invasive samples, such as feces, remain an important source of DNA for genetic analyses in molecular ecology and conservation genetics, especially when working with elusive or endangered species. However, as labs transition to higher throughput and genomic-based technologies, many protocols that have been used for decades are becoming obsolete. New approaches have been developed for high-quality samples, now low-quality samples require further technical advances. Fecal samples obtained for non-invasive wildlife studies are typically of very low quality and sampling methods need to be optimized to reduce work and costs per sample. Preservation methods in the field affect the workload in the lab required to obtain genetic data, as well as the final genotype quality. Liquid preservation methods, such as nucleic acid preservation (NAP) buffer and ethanol, have been used during sampling to maintain DNA quality at room temperature until samples can reach the lab. NAP buffer is a non-hazardous, non-flammable solution (easy to send through post), and avoids having to dry the feces before DNA extraction (saving time and increasing safety). Here we compare two different liquid preservation methods (NAP buffer and 96% ethanol) for microsatellite genotyping by next generation sequencing of wolf fecal samples collected in the field and shipped at ambient temperature. Samples preserved in ethanol showed a higher rate of amplification and genotyping success than in NAP buffer, especially due to a higher rate of allelic dropout in NAP. Consequently, the number of replicates required to achieve high quality genotypes was slightly higher for fecal samples preserved in NAP buffer than for those preserved in ethanol. These results are important for the planning and optimization of projects that involve microsatellite genotyping from feces using high throughput technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e20154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of NEUROG1 methylation status in stool specimens in the advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer.","authors":"Lijin Zhang, Aiping Lin, Jie Lin, Juan Chen, Mengshi Chen, Xunbin Yu, Yijuan Wu, Tao Wang, Yan Lu, Zhaofen Ba, Xiaowei Cheng, Tiantian Zhang, Minghong Chen","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19968","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To assess the status of NEUROG1 methylation in the advanced adenoma and colorectal cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The NEUROG1 methylation in tissue and stool samples from patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), advanced adenoma (AA), and non-advanced adenoma (NAA) were evaluated using methylation-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In tissue samples, the NEUROG1 methylation detection rates were 36% for CRC, 24% for NAA, and 88% for AA. In stool samples, the NEUROG1 methylation detection had a sensitivity of 63.46% for CRC with a positive predictive value (PPV) of 85.94%. The overall diagnostic specificity of the test for the NAA and the healthy control was 76.32%, with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 40.28%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>NEUROG1 methylation detection can potentially be used in the CRC and AA screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19968"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12514994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Barriers to care and the need for dental educational materials for the Lowe syndrome community: a survey of dentists.","authors":"Adam Lowenstein, Matthew Finkelman, Jay Dalal, Crystal Smith, Glory Ogunyinka, David Tesini, Carlos Fernando Mourão","doi":"10.7717/peerj.20174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20174","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess dentists' experience in treating individuals with Lowe syndrome (LS), reasons they may be unable to provide dental care for individuals with LS, and perceptions of the need for educational materials tailored to the LS community regarding the dental setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A link to an electronic Qualtrics survey addressing these topics was emailed to the Tufts University School of Dental Medicine Alumni Network listserv.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 73 respondents were analyzed. Of the 57 who answered the question about having treated a patient with LS, three (5.3%) responded affirmatively. Among the 61 who answered why they might not be able to treat an individual with LS, the most common reasons were lack of experience treating children with special needs and not accepting medical assistance such as Medicaid/Medicare (both 31.1%). Of the 58 who responded to the item regarding the need for educational materials to support patients with LS in the dental setting, 47 (81.0%) agreed or strongly agreed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Substantial barriers to dental care exist for individuals with LS. Educational materials about the dental setting should be developed for the LS community.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e20174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal treatment options for acne scars in patients with historic acne: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.","authors":"Bingwei Wu, Mingju Gao, Yixuan Zhang, Xinping Bai","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acne is a common skin condition that can cause permanent scarring and profoundly affect patients' quality of life. Despite the increasing diversity of acne scar treatments, there is a dearth of comprehensive evidence-based guidelines to help clinicians and patients make the best choices. This study aimed to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of existing acne scar treatments through a network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched for relevant studies from database establishment to September 19, 2024. Outcome included Echelle d'evaluation clinique des cicatrices d'acne (ECCA), Goodman and Baron Scale (GBS), pain, patient satisfaction, and adverse events. Bayesian network meta-analyses were performed using the gemtc package in R. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2) tool, while publication bias was assessed <i>via</i> funnel plots. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024598780).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 68 randomized controlled trials were enrolled, comprising 4,480 patients with acne scarring. Laser + platelet-rich plasma (PRP) ranked best in reducing ECCA scores (surface under cumulative ranking curve to the total area (SUCRA): 98.4%), laser + filler injection ranked best in reducing GBS (SUCRA: 72.1%), and laser + chemical peels ranked the best in patient satisfaction (SUCRA: 89.6%). Microneedling was ranked as the most tolerable in terms of pain (SUCRA: 72.6%). In addition, no strong evidence suggesting a treatment reduced the risk of erythema nor post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation compared to the other treatments.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence suggests laser combined with PRP or filler injections are the best options for reducing scar severity, while laser combined with chemical peeling yields the best patient satisfaction. Laser combined with other therapies should be considered to optimize treatment of acne scarring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19938"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12515001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145281018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geology correlates with gut microbial community composition in the Mountainsnails (Oreohelicidae: <i>Oreohelix)</i>.","authors":"Ian M Oiler, T Mason Linscott, Christine E Parent","doi":"10.7717/peerj.20080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.20080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Species that require soil mineral macronutrients for survival may depend on specific microbiome communities to aid in nutrient processing. Land snails, which utilize environmental minerals to synthesize a shell of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), may rely on or possess distinct gut microbiome communities depending on soil mineral characteristics. Here, we investigate whether the occurrence of calcareous <i>vs.</i> non-calcareous soils is associated with shifts the composition of the gut microbiome of the calciphilous and highly diverse land snail genus <i>Oreohelix</i> from the Western United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected snail and soil samples from nine sites in central Idaho: five near, and four away from calcium-rich geology. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of these samples to assess the gut microbiome compositions of <i>Oreohelix</i> land snails on and off calcium-rich substrates. After data clean-up and filtering we had 68 snail and 25 soil microbiome samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that snail gut microbiomes differed significantly from the surface soil microbiome, with many amplicon sequence variants being unique and ubiquitous in the snails. We also found small, but significant, differences between snails on and off calcium-rich rocks. Our findings indicate that the gut microbial community assembly process of land snails is complex and does not reflect a simple relationship with the underlying soil microbiome. While we find a pattern of differences associated with the proximity of calcium-rich geology, the snail microbiome communities are likely forming based on a variety of other factors, including diet and host filtering. Furthermore, we found multiple microbial taxa that were ubiquitous in the snails and rare in the nearby substrate microbiomes. Future work should focus on disentangling the role of habitat and the functional importance (or lack thereof) of the microbial taxa that are common to almost every sampled snail.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e20080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12513373/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}