PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Risk assessment of heavy metal toxicity induced by platinum accumulation in tumor patients.","authors":"Yuling Zhang, Pi Guo, Xiaoting Huang, Yi-Wei Xu, Zhiwei Zheng, Ling Fang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19375","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Many studies have focused on adverse reactions caused by platinum drugs but neglected subsequent toxicities and the mechanisms during patient recovery after chemotherapy with different platinum drugs, which need attention because of the heavy metal platinum.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to explore the correlations between platinum accumulation, hematological indices, and clinical toxicity in patients after a metabolism period following platinum drug chemotherapy, to better understand real-world clinical toxicity caused by platinum accumulation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled patients receiving platinum chemotherapy, specifically cisplatin, oxaliplatin, or carboplatin. On the 25th day post-chemotherapy, we measured serum platinum concentrations and hematological indices, documented clinical toxicities, and subsequently performed correlation analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The serum platinum concentrations in oxaliplatin-, cisplatin-, and carboplatin-treated patients were 208.60, 349.15 and 211.30 µg/L (<i>χ</i> ² = 51.755, <i>p</i> < 0.001), respectively. Mediation effect analysis showed that decreased erythrocyte, hemoglobin and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase individually mediated 21.39, 12.0 and 10.94%, respectively, of the platinum positive effect on fatigue. Decreased erythrocyte counts mediated 5.89%, while increased creatinine mediated 5.2% of the platinum positive effect on adverse reactions. The cutoff values of hematological indices, the risk of adverse reactions and fatigue were also obtained in this research which will be applied in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>Platinum accumulation, by disrupting the red blood cell system and liver and kidney function, influences fatigue severity and common adverse reactions in patients during the post-chemotherapy recovery period.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080474/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of systemic inflammatory index model and risk assessment of PVT in cirrhosis after splenectomy-a retrospective study.","authors":"Xin Deng, Wenyan Liao, Xinmiao Jiang, Shun Tu, Xiangmin Xie, Yuji Xiao, Wuyao Chen, Huan Zeng, Chengming Ding","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19254","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aimed to create and validate a straightforward nomogram to predict portal vein thrombosis (PVT) in cirrhotic patient post-splenectomy, and investigate the predictive potential of systemic inflammation markers. One objective of the study was to develop a predictive model utilizing these markers to detect high-risk individuals early on.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 184 cases of patients with cirrhosis who underwent splenectomy at The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China from January 2015 to September 2023. The cohort was randomly divided into training (<i>n</i> = 130) and validation (<i>n</i> = 54) groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to construct the prediction model. The performance of the nomogram was evaluated based on its ability to discriminate, calibrate, and demonstrate clinical utility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, we found six prediction indexes of PVT in patients with cirrhosis after splenectomy: postoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), postoperative derived NLR (dNLR), C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR), portal vein diameter (DPV), platelet change value (PVB), and D-dimer (<i>p</i>-value < 0.05). Our clinical prediction model was created based on the aforementioned risk factors and demonstrated superior predictive power in both the primary cohort (AUC = 0.876) and validation cohort (AUC = 0.817). The calibration curve demonstrated satisfactory agreement between model predictions and actual observations, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) curve indicated high clinical net benefit.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postoperative NLR, dNLR, CAR, PVB, DPV, and D-dimer were identified as the independent risk factors of PVT in cirrhotic patients post splenectomy. We had successfully established and validated a novel predictive model with good performance, based on systemic inflammatory indices in predicting PVT in cirrhosis after splenectomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19254"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of high-frequency sonic irrigation on removing debris from root canal isthmus: an <i>in vitro</i> study based on simulated root canals.","authors":"Chun-Hui Liu, Qiang Li, Xiao-Ying Zou, Lin Yue","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infection control is important in root canal treatment. Effective cleaning and shaping are challenging due to complex anatomy, particularly in the isthmus-narrow connections between canals that can harbor bacteria. Conventional needle irrigation (CNI) is inadequate in this region, prompting the use of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and high-frequency acoustic instruments like EDDY. This study evaluates the cleaning effects of four irrigation protocols using 3D-printed isthmus models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty digital root canal models with isthmuses in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds were designed using Ansys 19.0 and 3D printer (20 specimens per isthmus location). Specimens were prepared to 30#, 0.04 without irrigation. Debris accumulation in the isthmus was photographed and analyzed using Image J to calculate the initial debris area (S1). Specimens were then irrigated using CNI, low-frequency sonic irrigation (EndoActivator, EA; Dentsply, Charlotte, NC, USA), PUI, or high-frequency sonic irrigation (EDDY), followed by re-imaging to calculate remaining debris area (S2). Debris reduction percentage was determined using the formula: (S1-S2)/S1 × 100%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Debris reduction varied with isthmus position. In the coronal third, EDDY achieved the highest debris reduction (86.18 ± 2.25%), followed by PUI, EA, and CNI, with significant differences among groups (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The same trend was observed in the middle third, with EDDY showing the highest efficacy (73.96 ± 6.75%). In the apical third, debris reduction was lower overall, with no significant difference between EDDY and PUI, but both outperformed EA and CNI.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results showed that EDDY demonstrated superior debris removal in the coronal and middle thirds, but all irrigation protocols showed limited efficacy in the apical third.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080472/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of patellar taping combined with isometric strength training on pain, muscle strength, and functional performance in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome: a randomized comparative study.","authors":"Shahnaz Hasan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19381","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Patellar taping and quadriceps strengthening exercises are commonly used in physiotherapy to manage patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS). However, previous research has reported inconsistent findings regarding quadriceps strength gains at specific knee angles during strength training in individuals with PFPS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study investigated the efficacy of patellar taping and quadriceps isometric strength training (quadriceps-IST) at 60° knee flexion on quadriceps strength, pain, and functional performance in female patients with PFPS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-arm, parallel-group, randomized comparative design was employed. Sixty adult females with PFPS were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (<i>n</i> = 30), which received patellar taping combined with quadriceps strength training at 60°, or the control group (<i>n</i> = 30), which received placebo taping with the same training. Both interventions lasted six weeks. Pain intensity, quadriceps muscle strength, and functional performance were assessed using the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) at 60° knee flexion, single leg triple hop (SLTH) test, and anterior knee pain scale (AKPS). For within and between groups comparison, a Wilcoxon signed-rank test and a Mann-Whitney U tests was employed, with confidence interval (α) set at 95%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within-group analysis showed significant improvements in NPRS and MVIC at 60° knee flexion, SLTH, and AKPS scores post-intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Between-group comparisons revealed that the experimental group had significantly greater improvements in all outcomes at six weeks post-intervention. Additionally, the pre-to-post changes (<i>i.e.</i>, mean difference scores) were larger in the experimental group compared to the control group, which confirmed the superiority of the experimental group over the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study demonstrates that patellar taping combined with quadriceps -IST at a 60° knee flexion improves pain, muscle strength, and functional performance compared to placebo taping combined with quadriceps-IST. These findings suggest that incorporating this combined approach may enhance rehabilitation outcomes for patients with PFPS, providing a valuable addition to clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>This study was registered prospectively in the ClinicalTrials.gov PRS under a trial identifier NCT05168332 and last updated date 15/03/2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19381"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A cross-sectional study evaluating insulin injection techniques and the impact of instructions from various healthcare professionals on insulin users in the southern region of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Sirajudeen Shaik Alavudeen, Md Sayeed Akhtar, Sultan Mohammed Alshahrani, Vigneshwaran Easwaran, Asif Ansari Shaik Mohammad, Noohu Abdulla Khan, Abubakr Taha Hussein, Salem Salman Almujri, Abdulrahman Saeed Alshaiban, Khalid Orayj","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is evident that proper use of the insulin injection technique (IIT) is important for optimizing the efficacy of the therapy. Despite the readily available manufacturers' instructions, healthcare professionals (HCPs) play a major role in educating patients. This study aims to investigate the knowledge, practices, and challenges faced by insulin users regarding IIT, as well as the impact of healthcare professionals' education on it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study using a validated online questionnaire to gather demographic and clinical data, as well as the participants' knowledge, practices, and challenges related to insulin therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the participants was 38.25 ± 15.58 (mean ± SD) years, with a nearly equal distribution of genders. Thirty-six percent of the participants educated by the diabetes educators demonstrated an appropriate IIT, such as storage, priming the insulin pen (54%), skin folding (63%), injection hold time, and \"use-by\" date. Furthermore, the absence of diabetes education specialist training increases the likelihood of errors, potentially leading to a loss of glycemic control. Patients reported carrying insulin when traveling as one of the major challenges (27.9%), followed by timely injections (23.7%), priming (21.6%), and adjusting the insulin dose (16.8%). Forgetfulness (47.7%), traveling or altering the regular routine (15.5%), missing a meal (15.5%), and being overly busy (13.5%) were among the reasons for missing the insulin dose; all of which are easily manageable with proper education.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consistent education and re-education are necessary for the insulin users to resolve the issues associated with suboptimal IIT. The inclusion of all stakeholders in insulin therapy, particularly the diabetes education specialists, is essential. Therefore, the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia should take the initiative to ensure that appropriately trained diabetes education specialists, pharmacists, nurses and other HCPs assess and follow up on patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19394"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The acute effects of simulated hypoxic training at different altitudes on oxidative stress and muscle damage in elite long-distance runners.","authors":"Mücahit Sarikaya, Beyza Öğe, Nuri Mert Embiyaoğlu, Muzaffer Selçuk, Vedat Çınar, Salih Öner, Yıldırım Gökhan Gencer, Mehdi Aslan, Mustafa Sencer Ulema, Yunus Emre Yarayan, Kadir Keskin, Nouf H Alkhamees, Bodor Bin Sheeha, Gerasimos V Grivas, Sameer Badri Al-Mhanna, Alexios Batrakoulis","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the impact of altitude on muscle damage and oxidative stress is essential for optimizing training and recovery strategies for athletes exposed to high-altitude conditions. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of acute exercise at different altitudes on oxidative stress and muscle damage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of twelve elite long-distance runners (mean age: 20.3 ± 1.5 years) from different branches participated in the study. The exercise protocol was the Bruce submaximal treadmill exercise test, which was conducted under three simulated hypoxic conditions (at 1,700 m, 2,450 m, and 3,200 m) and one normoxic condition (sea level). All measurements took place at the same time of the day. After the exercise protocol, 5 ml venous blood samples were taken from the participants, while heart rate and oxygen saturation were monitored at the 3rd, 6th, 9th, and 12th minutes during the exercise.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant altitude-dependent variations were observed in oxidative stress markers, with total oxidant status (TOS) (<i>p</i> = 0.017) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) levels increasing at higher altitudes, while total antioxidant status (TAS) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) exhibited an elevation and oxidative stress index (OSI) (<i>p</i> < 0.001) demonstrated a decline as altitude increased. However, no significant difference was found in creatine kinase (CK, <i>p</i> = 0.059) levels. Additionally, there were significant differences in the oxygen saturation measurement taken at the 3rd (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 6th (<i>p</i> < 0.001), 9th (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and 12th (<i>p</i> < 0.001), minutes following the exercise session. There was no difference in the pulse measurement taken at the 3rd and 12th minutes, but a difference was observed at the 6th and 9th minutes post-exercise (<i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, the study determined that endurance exercises performed under simulated normobaric hypoxia at different altitudes increased TAS and reduced OSI in elite long-distance runners. The increase in TAS and the reduction in OSI were more pronounced at higher altitudes, particularly at 2,450 m and 3,200 m, compared to sea level. These findings highlight the need for altitude-specific training and recovery strategies to minimize oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19338"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12080475/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endophytic fungal community composition and function response to strawberry genotype and disease resistance.","authors":"Hongjun Yang, Xu Zhang, Rui Wang, Quanzhi Wang, Yuanhua Wang, Geng Zhang, Pengpeng Sun, Bei Lu, Meiling Wu, Zhiming Yan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Utilizating the plant endophytic microbiomes to enhance pathogen resistance in crop production is an emerging alternative method to chemical pesticides. However, research on the composition and role of microbial communities related to perennial fruit plants, such as the strawberry, is still limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We provide a comprehensive description of the composition and diversity of fungal communities in three niches (root, stem, and leaf) of three strawberry cultivars ('White Elves', 'Tokun', and 'Akihime') using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA amplicon sequencing and isolation culture methods. In addition, we also evaluated the disease tolerance ability of three strawberry cultivars to <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> and <i>Alternaria alternata</i> through pathogenicity testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>'White Elves' has stronger resistance to <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i>, and <i>Alternaria alternata</i>, followed by 'Tokun', while 'Akihime' has relatively weaker resistance to these pathogens. A total of 258 fungal strains were isolated from healthy strawberry plants and assigned to 34 fungal genera based on morphological and molecular characteristics analysis. Beneficial fungal genera such as <i>Trichoderma</i> and <i>Talaromyces</i> were more prevalent in 'White Elves', whereas common pathogenic fungi in strawberry, such as <i>Colletotrichum</i>, <i>Alternaria</i>, and <i>Fusarium</i>, were more prevalent in 'Akihime'. The composition and diversity of microbial communities vary among genotypes, and resistance to pathogens may play dominant roles in determining the microbial community structure. This study's results aid the biological control of strawberry fungal diseases and are useful for plant microbiome engineering in strawberry cultivation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144026822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Past agricultural practices explain old field biodiversity and community composition in annually mowed grasslands: a case study of grazing and cultivation legacies in the northeastern United States.","authors":"Alana M Danieu, Theresa W Ong","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The northeastern United States experienced extensive deforestation for agriculture expansion and nearly equal passive reforestation following agriculture abandonment across the region over the past century. Old fields provide critical habitat as grasslands in the Northeast but tend to return to forests without intervention unless land managers implement disturbance regimes to maintain grassland states in the region. The relative importance of past and present disturbances in old field plant communities remains poorly resolved, partly because management varies widely in these systems. This motivated the present case study, which compares two proximate old fields that benefit from long and consistent management practices both before and after agriculture was abandoned in Hanover, NH. One field experienced agricultural disturbances associated with grazing while the other experienced cultivation each for 116 years followed by 50 years of the same annual mowing disturbances after agriculture was abandoned. Diversity was higher, communities more convergent across sub-plots, and woody individuals three times more numerous in the grazed site, while soil texture, type, elevation, and drainage had no discernible impact. The study helps to clarify the different legacies of grazing and cultivation on old field plant community diversity and composition. Despite undergoing 50 years of mowing following agriculture abandonment, the two old fields have divergent communities that are more consistent with the intensity of historic agricultural practices at each site than with any differences in measured soil characteristics. Understanding how agricultural legacies combine with contemporary disturbance regimes to shape successional communities may improve conservation and restoration efforts of grassland habitats and other ecosystems undergoing rapid environmental change, with implications for biodiversity, ecosystem services, and resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143986672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomic and ecologic transitions in Triassic marine bivalve communities.","authors":"Xue Miao, Jinnan Tong, Yunfei Huang, Shiyan Zhang, Peishan Li, Yiran Cao, Daoliang Chu, Wolfgang Kiessling","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Permian-Triassic mass extinction was a pivotal event in shaping marine benthic ecosystems, leading to the rise of mollusks such as bivalves and gastropods as representatives of the Modern Evolutionary Fauna. However, the detailed changes in the ecological structure of marine benthic communities throughout the Triassic remain underexplored, particularly the interrelationship between taxonomic and ecological diversities. Here, we present a study on the Triassic bivalve communities from the typical shallow marine facies in South China to document regional evolutionary patterns and explore how these patterns connect to the global trends. Broad congruence in the timing of taxonomic and ecological changes was observed through the Triassic in South China. However, both the South China materials and global data revealed a decoupling of taxonomic and ecological diversities. Substantial variability in taxonomic richness was observed alongside stable ecological diversity. Taxonomic recovery occurred early in the Early Triassic, whereas ecological diversity fully recovered only in the Middle Triassic. The Carnian stage represents a significant transition in ecosystem structure, characterized by a shift towards infaunal dominance and the expansion of habitat depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response surface optimization and flavor determination of fermentation processes of orange peel tea wine.","authors":"Yanbo Liu, Liu Mengge, Pengpeng Zhang, Wenxi Liu, Chong Yang, Jiayi Cui, Haideng Li, Chunmei Pan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.19357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.19357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In this study, Xinyang Maojian tea and orange peel were used as raw materials to brew health wine with orange and tea flavors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on a single factor, the response surface method was used to optimize the fermentation of orange peel tea wine. Material volume ratio, yeast addition, fermentation temperature, fermentation time, and sucrose addition were used as the single-factor variables. The fermentation conditions of orange peel tea wine obtained by this method provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of tea wine and orange peel, which can promote the development of the tea wine market.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that the material volume ratio of orange peel juice to tea juice was 1:3, the yeast addition amount was 4.9%, the fermentation temperature was 29 °C, the fermentation time was 7 d, and the sucrose addition amount was 29%. The main change indexes in the fermentation process of orange peel tea wine were determined, and the results were consistent with the fermentation law of orange peel tea wine. The contents of total flavonoids and total phenols in orange peel tea wine were 0.48 and 2.32 mg/mL, respectively, and were obtained using spectrophotometry and the Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) method. The scavenging rate of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals was 90.8%, and the scavenging rate of ·OH radicals was 77.3%. A total of 26 flavor compounds were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The main aroma compounds were ethanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-propanol, phenylethyl alcohol, acetic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, and other compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The resulting orange peel tea wine was transparent, yellow in color, harmonious in flavor, and had certain health benefits, including strong antioxidant properties. The results of this study provide the theoretical basis for the research and development of tea wine.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"13 ","pages":"e19357"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12068252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144018759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}