PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Reliability of a functional electromechanical dynamometer for a bilateral standing press exercise at intensities of 30% and 60% of isometric peak force in trained women.","authors":"Claudio Cifuentes-Zapata, Oscar Andrades-Ramírez, Luis Romero-Vera, David Ulloa-Díaz, Ángela Rodríguez-Perea, Claudio Carvajal-Parodi, Álvaro Huerta Ojeda, Sergio Araya-Sierralta, Luis Javier Chirosa-Ríos","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21777","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21777","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Determining the reliability of exercise instruments and protocols in the fields of health and sports performance is of great interest due to their close relationship with monitoring and decision-making in athletes. Studies in trained women are limited, and more evidence is needed on performance variables and the reliability of exercise protocols.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of an exercise protocol for determining mean muscle strength, mean velocity, and mean power during the bilateral standing press (BSP) in trained women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen trained women (age = 20.0 ± 2.30 years; body mass = 67.63 ± 6.68 kg; height = 1.65 ± 0.06 m) participated in this repeated-measures study. Absolute reliability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV), and relative reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for a bilateral standing press (BSP) exercise protocol performed at intensities of 30% and 60% of isometric peak force (IPF).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean muscle strength showed acceptable absolute reliability and extremely high relative reliability at both 30% IPF (CV = 6.51%; ICC = 0.94) and 60% IPF (CV = 5.03%; ICC = 0.97). Mean velocity showed extremely high relative reliability at 60% IPF (ICC = 0.92), but its absolute reliability was not acceptable at either 30% IPF (CV = 10.10%; ICC = 0.75) or 60% IPF (CV = 14.16%; ICC = 0.92). Mean power also exceeded the predefined CV threshold at 30% IPF (CV = 11.16%; ICC = 0.85) and at 60% IPF (CV = 14.35%; ICC = 0.89).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the BSP protocol using functional electromechanical dynamometry is reliable for assessing mean muscle strength in trained women. However, mean velocity and mean power should be interpreted with caution, as their absolute reliability did not reach the predefined threshold of acceptable reliability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21777"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676925/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of bacteriophages in the prevention of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> infection in potatoes.","authors":"Xia Ji, Ting Zhang, Xiaoyu Hu, Danmei Li, Cuijie Zeng, Ruoqian Zeng, Weiwei Li, Tianshu Cai, Haiwei Xie","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21857","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21857","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The main component of potatoes is starch, which can serve as an easy breeding ground for <i>Bacillus cereus</i> during storage. This can decrease the shelf life of potatoes and pose food safety issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study isolated several strains of <i>B. cereus</i> from rotten potatoes in the market as well as one of their bacteriophages, Bacillus phage PHZU0001, from municipal sewage. The genome of Bacillus phage PHZU0001 was sequenced. The phage sensitivity to eight <i>B. cereus</i> strains was detected using plaque assay. Stability assays assessed the phage's thermal and pH tolerance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed that this bacteriophage had wide host range against <i>B. cereus</i> of different strains. Based on its genome sequence, this bacteriophage is from the <i>Herelleviridae</i> family. The biological characteristics of this bacteriophage indicated that it maintains stability at temperatures ranging from 23 °C to 50 °C and at pH levels ranging from 5 to 9. Inoculation of Bacillus phage PHZU0001 in potatoes effectively inhibited infection by <i>B. cereus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified a bacteriophage with a wide host range against <i>B. cereus</i> with potential applications in food storage and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149220577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient zinc ion biosorption on the biomass of <i>Ericaria selaginoides</i> algae following response surface methodology optimization: uptake behaviors and mechanisms.","authors":"Mustafa A Fawzy, Mona Alharbi, Hana Sonbol, Mohamed R Fouad, Shanoo Sheikh, Sedky H A Hassan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21793","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21793","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Biosorption using marine algae biosorbents is a sustainable and effective method for removing of heavy metals from aquatic environments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study explored the biosorption of zinc ions from aqueous solutions using the biomass of the brown alga <i>Ericaria selaginoides</i>. The impacts of biosorbent dose, pH, and biosorbate concentration were optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and 3-D surface plots generated via Design-Expert software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Under optimized conditions, RSM predicted a maximum zinc removal efficiency of 89.79% which matches the experimental value of 87.72% ± 7.3%. These conditions included biosorbent dosage of 0.28 g/100 mL, zinc concentration of 33.62 mg/L, and pH of 6.97. The Langmuir model showed a maximum biosorption capacity of 114.94 mg/g, while the kinetic data were best described by the pseudo-second order model. The combined adsorption equilibrium, kinetic, thermodynamic, and surface characterization data show that Zn(II) biosorption by <i>E. selaginoides</i> involves a heterogeneous physicochemical process that includes surface complexation, ion exchange and auxiliary co-ordination with hydroxyl, amine, and phosphate groups. Overall, <i>E. selaginoides</i> exhibits promising potential as a low-cost and environmentally friendly biosorbent for zinc remediation from contaminated water, and additional process optimization could increase its efficacy in wastewater treatment. This research uniquely combines the optimization of zinc uptake by <i>E. selaginoides</i> using RSM with experimental evidence of the underlying biosorption behavior and mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21793"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction of acute mountain sickness risk by pre-plateau uric acid and albumin levels in Chinese young males: a prospective cohort study.","authors":"Hong Chen Xie, Xiang Qiong Meng, Shen Wei Xie, Ze Jun Wang, Qi Cui, Xiao Ling Tan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21770","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To screen and identify pre-plateau hematological parameters that can predict the risk of acute mountain sickness (AMS) in individuals rapidly ascending to high altitudes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 297 healthy adult males with an average age of 20.88 ± 1.76 years were included in the study. Baseline data were collected at an altitude of 300 m using questionnaire surveys, on-site testing, and hematological parameter tests (including routine blood and serum biochemical parameters with validated clinical detection systems). After ascending to an altitude of 4,200 m, the Lake Louise Score (LLS) 2018 and physiological indicator measurements were obtained on the second day. AMS was defined as an LLS 2018 ≥3 points accompanied by headache. A univariate logistic regression model was used to screen for the hematological parameters associated with AMS. Multivariate logistic regression was then used to adjust for covariates and determine the relationship between pre-plateau albumin (ALB) levels, uric acid (UA) levels, UA-to-ALB ratio (UAR), and AMS risk. Additionally, the predictive value was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the optimal cutoff value was determined using the Youden index. Finally, a subgroup analysis was conducted to determine the consistency of associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The incidence of AMS after arriving at the 4,200 m plateau was 29.97%. Univariate logistic regression analysis revealed associations between factors at 300 m, including heart rate, alcohol consumption, ALB, UA, and AMS. In the fully adjusted multivariate Model 3, pre-plateau ALB, UA, and UAR showed moderate predictive performance for AMS, with area under the ROC curve values of 0.710, 0.701, and 0.711, respectively (all <i>P</i> < 0.001). The optimal cutoff values were 47.25 g/L for ALB, 420.10 μmol/L for UA, and 7.45 for UAR. The UAR exhibited favorable predictive performance in populations with a body mass index <25 kg/m², a history of low-altitude residence, or alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pre-plateau UA levels, ALB levels, and UAR are independent predictors of AMS risk in young healthy Chinese males. All three biomarkers exhibited moderate predictive performance, with the UAR showed particular utility in specific subgroups.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21770"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomogram for predicting post-percutaneous coronary intervention restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes: a retrospective study.","authors":"Ping Wang, Hongyu Peng, Qian Fan, Yuan Shan, Ning Yin","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21697","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary artery disease (CAD) combined with diabetes mellitus (DM) significantly increases the risk of vascular restenosis following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Despite advancements in stent technology, restenosis remains a concern, especially in diabetic patients. This study aims to predict restenosis risk using serum metabolites and risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was conducted on 272 CAD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients who underwent PCI between January 2020 and June 2023. Based on one-year angiographic follow-up, patients were divided into restenosis (<i>n</i> = 121) and non-restenosis groups (<i>n</i> = 151). Serum metabolites and biomarkers, including glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), were evaluated, together with procedure-related characteristics (including stent type and post-procedural percentage diameter stenosis) and medication use (including calcium antagonists). Logistic regression and correlation analysis identified significant predictors, and a nomogram prediction model was developed and internally validated using bootstrap resampling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lower HbA1c levels were associated with restenosis (rho = -0.142, <i>P</i> = 0.008; OR = 0.767, 95% CI [0.625-0.941]). Higher levels of IGF-I (rho = 0.328, <i>P</i> < 0.001; OR = 1.053, 95% CI [1.032-1.075]), LDL-C (<i>r</i> = 0.135, <i>P</i> = 0.025; OR = 1.682, 95% CI [1.107-2.555]), TNF-α (<i>r</i> = 0.172, <i>P</i> = 0.004; OR = 1.434, 95% CI [1.119-1.838]), and hsCRP (<i>r</i> = 0.179, <i>P</i> = 0.003; OR = 1.786, 95% CI [1.185-2.693]) were also significantly associated. Non-drug-eluting stents (DES) and higher percentage diameter stenosis (%DS) increased restenosis risk. Calcium antagonists use was negatively correlated with restenosis (<i>r</i> =  - 0.185, <i>P</i> = 0.002; OR = 0.449, 95% CI [0.228-0.884]). The nomogram model demonstrated good discrimination for restenosis (apparent AUC = 0.833; bootstrap-corrected AUC = 0.808).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study identified key predictive factors for post-PCI restenosis in CAD patients with DM through case-control analysis. The nomogram model showed good discrimination on internal bootstrap validation. Pending external validation, it may provide a useful exploratory tool to support risk stratification and inform management aimed at reducing the restenosis burden in high-risk cardiovascular populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674360/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of attentional demand on the motor interference effect induced by dangerous stimuli.","authors":"Shuyan Fan, Yang Gao, Congqian Xue, Wenhan Zhang, Kuiyuan Qin, Peng Liu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21820","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mechanisms by which attentional demand modulates the motor interference effect induced by dangerous stimuli remain debated. To test the competing predictions of the limited capacity theory and the signal suppression hypothesis, we manipulated attentional demand (low <i>vs</i>. high) and interfering stimulus type (high-arousal dangerous, medium-arousal dangerous, low-arousal neutral) within a Go/NoGo task combined with an additional singleton paradigm. Twenty-five healthy participants were recruited; after applying the <i>a priori</i> exclusion criterion, 24 were retained for analysis. Under low attentional demand, reaction times (RTs) did not differ across interfering stimulus types. Under high attentional demand, RTs were significantly longer for high-arousal dangerous stimuli than for low-arousal neutral stimuli and were marginally longer for medium-arousal dangerous stimuli than for low-arousal neutral stimuli. Error rates did not differ significantly across interfering stimulus types under either attentional-demand condition. The RT pattern was consistent with greater interference from more arousing dangerous stimuli under high attentional demand. These findings are consistent with the signal suppression hypothesis: when attentional resources are sufficient, task-irrelevant dangerous stimuli may be more effectively suppressed; when resources are taxed by a demanding primary task, suppression may be compromised, allowing dangerous stimuli greater access to task processing. However, attentional demand covaried with target stimulus type, so the observed interaction cannot be attributed to attentional demand alone; the equiprobable Go/NoGo design likewise precludes conclusions about motor inhibitory control. Boundary conditions and alternative interpretations are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21820"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13674359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between adolescent interoceptive awareness and future exercise possible self: a mediation model.","authors":"Jing Huang, Donglin Hu, Peng Wu, Siyu Tian, Pingping Xie, Yang Pan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21780","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21780","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;Based on the perspective of embodied cognition, this study examined the association between interoceptive awareness and future exercise possible self among adolescents, and investigated the mediating roles of self-concept clarity and athletic engagement in this association, as well as a potential chain mediation pathway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A stratified random sampling approach was adopted to recruit 1,222 students from Grades 7 to 12 across six major regions of China in May 2025, and 1,131 retained for analysis (55.9% boys, 44.1% girls). Participants completed the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA-2), the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS), the Athlete Engagement Questionnaire (AEQ), and the Future Exercise Possible Self Inventory (FEPSI). Descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, and regression analyses were performed using SPSS 24.0 to examine the relationships between each dimension of interoceptive awareness and future exercise possible self. Based on the significance of regression coefficients, a chain mediation structural equation model was constructed in Amos 26.0 to explore the comprehensive theoretical framework, with a specific focus on the mediating roles of self-concept clarity and athletic engagement. Bootstrap resampling (5,000 resamples) was conducted to estimate total, direct, and indirect effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Interoceptive awareness and its dimensions were positively correlated with self-concept clarity, athletic engagement, and future exercise possible self (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01). After controlling for demographic variables, seven of the eight interoceptive awareness dimensions significantly predicted future exercise possible self (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05), with the \"body listening\" dimension being the only exception. The structural model yielded excellent fit indices (&lt;i&gt;χ&lt;/i&gt; &lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/df = 1.171, CFI = 0.992, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.012). Interoceptive awareness exerted a significant total effect on future exercise possible self (β = 0.586), including a direct effect (β = 0.329) and an indirect effect (β = 0.257). Self-concept clarity (β = 0.044, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05) and athletic engagement (β = 0.195, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01) independently mediated this relationship. Furthermore, they jointly formed a significant chain mediation pathway (β = 0.018, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Interoceptive awareness has a cross-sectional positive association with adolescents' future exercise possible self, both directly and indirectly through enhanced self-concept clarity and elevated athletic engagement. These findings delineate a sequential pattern linking bodily awareness, self-knowledge integration, motivational experiences, and future-oriented exercise identity. Cultivating adolescents' sensitivity to and positive interpretation of internal bodily signals, together with strengthening self-concept clarity and ","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149215657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of kinesiotaping on functional respiratory outcome in chest injuries-a pilot randomized trial.","authors":"Marko Žličar, Maja Frangež, Matej Jenko, Maja Marija Potočnik, Luka Hodnik, Tajda Doupona, Alenka Spindler Vesel","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21753","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.21753","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kinesiotaping (KT) is used as adjunctive therapy for musculoskeletal injuries to relieve pain, improve blood and lymphatic circulation and muscle and fascial function, provide joint support, and promote proprioception.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>In this pilot randomized trial, we compared the differences between a group that received KT in addition to standard respiratory physiotherapy and a group that received standard respiratory physiotherapy only. We examined changes in pain intensity and functional respiratory parameters at study entry and on the first day after study enrolment and assessed the functional status of patients 10 days after study enrolment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four patients with isolated unilateral rib injuries (less than five ribs) participated in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. In the study group (SG), KT was applied, and both SG and the control group (CG) performed breathing exercises. Spirometry was used to measure functional respiratory parameters and visual analogue scale (VAS) and algometry were used to measure pain intensity immediately after the application of KT and breathing exercises/breathing exercises only (in SG and CG respectively) and on the day after enrolment in both groups. The functional status of patients was assessed 10 days after enrolment using EQ-5D questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no improvement in respiratory parameters between groups. There was no influence of KT on pain, both measured with VAS and algometry. Variance analysis suggests a possibility of good and poor responders to KT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of KT in patients with isolated unilateral rib injuries in this pilot study had no effect on functional respiratory parameters nor on perception of pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21753"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13671238/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149216134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high-intensity resistance training within concurrent training programs on athletic performance in elite athletes: a systematic review.","authors":"Tao Wang, Yee Guan Ng, Saidon Amri, Tengku Fadilah Kamalden, Zhendong Gao, Qian Yuan","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity resistance training (HIRT), operationally defined as resistance protocols utilizing loads ≥ 75% of one-repetition maximum (1RM), on athletic performance outcomes-including muscular strength, power, jumping performance, speed, preplanned change-of-direction (COD) speed, and endurance-among elite athletes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and SPORTDiscus to identify studies that applied HIRT in elite athlete populations. Google Scholar was additionally utilized for forward and backward citation tracking. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were assessed using the PEDro scale. Data on intervention characteristics, testing protocols, and performance outcomes were extracted and synthesized narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HIRT interventions (range: 5-18 weeks) demonstrated significant improvements in maximal strength (<i>e.g.</i>, squat and bench press 1RM) and neuromuscular power-related outcomes across the majority of studies. Improvements in sprint speed, sport-specific velocity, and preplanned COD speed were also observed, although evidence for COD performance was limited to a single study. Endurance-related outcomes, including time to exhaustion, movement economy, and selected time-trial measures, generally favored HIRT, with no clear evidence of detrimental effects on aerobic-capacity-related outcomes. However, all included studies implemented HIRT within concurrent training programs rather than as an isolated intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The available evidence suggests that HIRT may be an effective training component for improving strength, power, and selected performance outcomes in elite athletes when integrated into concurrent sport-specific training programs. The strongest support was observed for maximal strength and neuromuscular power, whereas evidence for preplanned COD speed remains preliminary and requires replication. Given the concurrent training designs, the absence of a formal GRADE assessment, and the generally small sample sizes, these findings should be interpreted as likely low-to-moderate certainty evidence rather than as proof of the isolated effects of HIRT. The review protocol was prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 6 January 2025 (Registration No.: CRD42025634254).</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21807"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657067/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative range-wide phylogeography and evolutionary history of the two <i>Pyrrhocorax</i> species (Passeriformes: Corvidae).","authors":"Iñigo Palacios-Martínez, Francisco Morinha, José Antonio Dávila, Mohammad Tohidifar, Michael Stubbe, Annegret Stubbe, Augusto De Sanctis, Stavros Xirouchakis, Guillermo Blanco","doi":"10.7717/peerj.21799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.21799","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phylogeographic analyses provide key insights into how historical climate change, geographic barriers, and species-specific ecological traits shape evolutionary divergence. We investigated the phylogeography and evolutionary history of the two extant chough species, the red-billed chough (<i>Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax</i>, <i>n</i> = 65) and the alpine chough (<i>Pyrrhocorax graculus</i>, <i>n</i> = 33), across most of their Palearctic range. Using concatenated mitochondrial DNA sequences, complemented by nuclear intron markers, we reconstructed and test lineage divergence and historical dispersal patterns. Haplotype networks revealed long branches separating geographically isolated populations, indicating prolonged historical isolation. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed the monophyly of <i>Pyrrhocorax</i> and revealed a deep split between the two species at approximately 2.5 million years ago. Formal Ancestral Range Analysis (ARA) indicates that Himalayan regions served as the ancestral hub for both species. Within <i>P. graculus</i>, two main mitochondrial lineages were identified: a highly divergent Himalayan and European-Moroccan lineages (around 94 kya). In contrast, <i>P. pyrrhocorax</i> exhibited pronounced phylogeographic complexity, with major east-west differentiation and additional regional structuring across Europe, North Africa, Canary Islands, Ethiopia, and Central Asia, with divergence times ranging from  0.75 Mya to 61-94 kya. Quantitative metrics (<i>π</i> and <i>Da</i>) revealed significant interspecific divergence and distinct population-level structuring. Our results highlight the combined roles of historical isolation, Pleistocene climate dynamics, altitudinal gradients, and ecological constraints in shaping divergence in <i>Pyrrhocorax</i>. This phylogeographic framework provides essential guidance for conservation management, emphasizing the importance of preserving distinct evolutionary lineages in fragmented and declining populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":"14 ","pages":"e21799"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149183713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}