Acta Chirurgica Belgica最新文献

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Image of the month: wooden branch ingestion crossing the mediastinum.
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2025.2484885
Mahaudens M, Gumus A, Brunée L, Poncelet P-A, Dasnoy D, Schraverus P
{"title":"Image of the month: wooden branch ingestion crossing the mediastinum.","authors":"Mahaudens M, Gumus A, Brunée L, Poncelet P-A, Dasnoy D, Schraverus P","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2484885","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2484885","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A 33-year-old patient was managed in the emergency room. After right thoracic drainage for a pneumothorax, intubation for hypoxemia, and extraction of wooden foreign bodies from his mouth, a full-body scan identified a 6 mm diameter tubular-shaped structure extending from the nasopharynx to the retroperitoneum, passing through the mediastinum, in between major cardiovascular structures and organs. Cardiothoracic surgeons performed a sternotomy to remove the foreign body, which was identified as a long tree branch, without finding any major collateral anatomical damage. The cause of this ingestion was attributed to psychiatric delirium. Post-operative care included prolonged antibiotic therapy, one drainage surgery, and intensive rehabilitation, ultimately leading to a slow and progressive recovery. This unique case of tree branch ingestion crossing the mediastinum in an adult is astounding as the patient survived remarkably this life-threatening self-inflicted trauma. Furthermore, this case highlights the critical role of multidisciplinary management, the importance of imaging, and the emphasis on coordinated medical efforts to achieve positive outcomes in similar self-inflicted multiple site injuries cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Early Report of Using Protecting Gloves by Ḥakim Mohammad, a Persian Surgeon (16th century CE).
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2025.2489802
Narges Tajik, Zahra Ghahremani, Sobhan Ghezloo, Shahrzad Irannejad, Arman Zargaran
{"title":"An Early Report of Using Protecting Gloves by Ḥakim Mohammad, a Persian Surgeon (16<sup>th</sup> century CE).","authors":"Narges Tajik, Zahra Ghahremani, Sobhan Ghezloo, Shahrzad Irannejad, Arman Zargaran","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2489802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2025.2489802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although using gloves in surgery date back to the 19th century in modern medicine, it seems that the earliest evidence can be found in the Middle Ages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>It is a library research-based study on the book of <i>Ḏaḫīre-ye Kāmele</i>, written by Ḥakim Mohammad (Ḥakīm Muhāmmad), a Persian surgeon in the 16<sup>th</sup> century.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ḥakim Mohammad advises the surgeons to use a sheath made of sheep testicle skin for their fingers when examining a wound and putting ointment and bandage on it to protect oneself from diseases that are transmitted through the skin and blood, such as people with wounds whose wounds are caused by smallpox, anthrax, leprosy and infectious wounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The words of Ḥakim Mohammad suggest a preliminary concept of using surgical gloves to prevent transmitted diseases, dating back to 16<sup>th</sup> century, 3 centuries before its use in modern era.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143771001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to address post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass late dumping in a patient with a history of Nissen fundoplication converted to bypass for obesity.
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2025.2468063
Jean-Philippe MmK Magema, Jacques Himpens
{"title":"How to address post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass late dumping in a patient with a history of Nissen fundoplication converted to bypass for obesity.","authors":"Jean-Philippe MmK Magema, Jacques Himpens","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2468063","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2468063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Reversal of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) may be indicated for possible side effects such as malnutrition, intolerance, dumping syndrome, or late dumping. Reversal can however induce significant gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We report the case of a 55 years old Caucasian woman, who had undergone conversion of Nissen fundoplication performed for GERD (Grade B) into RYGB because of recurrent reflux, though Grade A esophagitis and increasing obesity (37.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup> BMI). She developed invalidating symptoms of late dumping syndrome and severe diarrhea. Pre- and postoperative evaluation an eso-gastroscopy with esophagitis grade evaluation. Treatment consisted of physiologic reversal of the RYGB, by reimplantation of the alimentary limb into the remnant stomach.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Pre-reversal endoscopy showed Grade A esophagitis. Oral glucose test demonstrated severe hypoglycemia persisting till 120 min post-ingestion and clinical symptoms of hypoglycemia (Whipple triad) (40 to 53 mg/dl). Three months after reversal the diagnostic tests had significantly improved, both in terms of glucose metabolism and GERD symptoms. At 22 months after surgery, the patient still did not suffer from diarrhea anymore, her glycemic profile was stable under antidiabetic medications and her BMI raised to 29 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>Reversal of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass by incorporation of the alimentary limb between the gastric pouch and the gastric remnant seems to successfully address the dual issue of post-RYGB late dumping and preventing GERD, the different mechanisms involved will be explained latter in this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143497813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Post-esophagectomy aortogastric-tube fistula treated successfully with TEVAR: case report and review of the literature.
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2025.2470535
Natasha Hasemaki, Dimitrios Schizas, Chrysovalantis Vergadis, Stavros Sougioultzis, Athanasios Katsargyris, Christos Klonaris
{"title":"Post-esophagectomy aortogastric-tube fistula treated successfully with TEVAR: case report and review of the literature.","authors":"Natasha Hasemaki, Dimitrios Schizas, Chrysovalantis Vergadis, Stavros Sougioultzis, Athanasios Katsargyris, Christos Klonaris","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2470535","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2470535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aortogastric-tube fistula is a rare but fatal complication of esophagectomy, most commonly induced by anastomotic leakage and peptic ulcer formation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We report a rare case of a 55-year-old male patient presenting with an aortogastric-tube fistula located in the gastric conduit due to a recurrence of esophageal carcinoma.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The patient was treated successfully with Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair (TEVAR) followed by esophageal stent placement to relieve dysphagia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although aortogastric-tube fistula is an extremely rare entity, the advent of esophageal cancer surgery, has led to the recognition of aortogastric-tube fistula with increasing frequency in the literature. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of the literature, focusing on the pathophysiology, time interval between surgery and presentation, type of treatment and survival of reported cases with post-esophagectomy aortogastric-tube fistula.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
TRUMATCHTM Graft Cage-Long Bone as a solution for tibial bone defect in traumatic aseptic non-union: a case report.
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2025.2467482
Maud A M Vesseur, Isobel M Dorling, Bert Boonen, Kostan W Reisinger, Raoul van Vugt
{"title":"TRUMATCH<sup>TM</sup> Graft Cage-Long Bone as a solution for tibial bone defect in traumatic aseptic non-union: a case report.","authors":"Maud A M Vesseur, Isobel M Dorling, Bert Boonen, Kostan W Reisinger, Raoul van Vugt","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2467482","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2467482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tibial fractures, with an annual incidence of 51.7 per 100.000 adults, often result in complications like non-union and infection, particularly in open fractures. Non-union rates after intramedullary nailing are 9.7%. Hypertrophic non-union stems from unstable fracture sites, while atrophic non-union arises from inadequate biological environments. Treatment involves rigid bone fixation for hypertrophic non-union and combining biological tissue supply with mechanical stability for atrophic non-unions. This case report outlines a complex tibial non-union post-high-impact injury, detailing the surgical technique and TRUMATCH<sup>TM</sup> Graft Cage-Long Bone usage. In addition, we outlined the current literature on this topic.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A male patient suffered a traumatic Gustilo II comminuted tibia and fibula fracture, Lisfranc injury and a Schatzker I tibial plateau fracture of the right leg. During follow-up the patient developed an aseptic non-union with eight-centimeter anterolateral bone defect after primary surgery. Surgical intervention was performed using the three-dimensional printed TRUMATCH<sup>TM</sup> Graft Cage-Long Bone. At one year follow-up, clinical and radiological consolidation of the right tibia was seen.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case report describes a challenging case of aseptic traumatic non-union of the tibia with a critical-sized defect treated with a novel patient-specific implant in a one-stage procedure. The application of the TRUMATCH<sup>TM</sup> Graft Cage-Long Bone is promising and warrants further investigation in larger, more controlled studies to substantiate our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143412703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In memoriam: Emeritus Professor Dr. Jacques Aimé Gruwez 24 March 1927-9 July 2024.
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2025.2460284
Paul De Leyn, André D'Hoore, Toni Lerut
{"title":"In memoriam: Emeritus Professor Dr. Jacques Aimé Gruwez 24 March 1927-9 July 2024.","authors":"Paul De Leyn, André D'Hoore, Toni Lerut","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2460284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2025.2460284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143447572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In memoriam: Emeritus Professor Dr. Jacques Aimé Gruwez 24 March 1927-9 July 2024.
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-02-04 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2025.2460284
Paul De Leyn, André D'Hoore, Toni Lerut
{"title":"In memoriam: Emeritus Professor Dr. Jacques Aimé Gruwez 24 March 1927-9 July 2024.","authors":"Paul De Leyn, André D'Hoore, Toni Lerut","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2460284","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2025.2460284","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143051282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Brain natriuretic peptide is a long-term cardiovascular predictor in carotid endarterectomy. 脑钠肽是颈动脉内膜切除术的长期心血管预测指标。
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2024.2377889
Gustavo Martim Clemente Gouveia de Gramilho, Juliana Pereira-Macedo, Lara Romana Pereira Dias, Ana Rita Dias Ferreira, Piotr Myrcha, José Paulo Alves Vieira Andrade, João Manuel Palmeira da Rocha-Neves
{"title":"Brain natriuretic peptide is a long-term cardiovascular predictor in carotid endarterectomy.","authors":"Gustavo Martim Clemente Gouveia de Gramilho, Juliana Pereira-Macedo, Lara Romana Pereira Dias, Ana Rita Dias Ferreira, Piotr Myrcha, José Paulo Alves Vieira Andrade, João Manuel Palmeira da Rocha-Neves","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2024.2377889","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2024.2377889","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In noncardiac surgery, several biomarkers are known to play a role in predicting long-term complications, such as major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction, or death. Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is considered a low to medium-risk surgery for carotid stenosis aimed at preventing stroke events. Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a biomarker with potential prognostic value regarding MACE. Since its role in patients undergoing CEA is unknown, this study aims to assess the potential role of BNP as a short and long-term predictor of all-cause mortality and MACE in patients undergoing CEA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From a prospective database, patients who underwent CEA under regional anesthesia (RA) at a tertiary hospital center were enrolled, and a <i>post hoc</i> analysis was conducted. Patients on which BNP levels were measured up to fifteen days before surgery, and two groups based on the BNP threshold (200 pg/mL) were defined and compared. Kaplan Meier survival curves and adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) were assessed by multivariable Cox regression. The primary outcome was the incidence of long-term MACE and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of AMI and AHF.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 89 patients were evaluated. The mean age of the cohort was 71.2 ± 8.7 years, with 71 (79.8%) males, and presented a median follow-up of 30 [13.5-46.4] months. BNP > 200 pg/mL has demonstrated positive predictive value for MACE (aHR: 5.569, confidence interval (CI): 2.441-12.7, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and all-cause mortality (aHR: 3.469, CI: 1.315-9.150, <i>p</i> = 0.018).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>BNP has been demonstrated to independently predict long-term all-cause mortality, MACE and AMI following CEA. It serves as a low-cost, ready-to-use biomarker, although further studies are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"22-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thoracic aortic coarctation with asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis presenting as lower limb claudication. 胸主动脉闭塞症伴有石棉诱发的胸膜纤维化,表现为下肢跛行。
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2024.2418150
Kerbi Alejandro Guevara-Noriega, Raquel Chavez-Abiega, Vladimir Cheranovskiy, Teresa Solanich Valldaura
{"title":"Thoracic aortic coarctation with asbestos-induced pleural fibrosis presenting as lower limb claudication.","authors":"Kerbi Alejandro Guevara-Noriega, Raquel Chavez-Abiega, Vladimir Cheranovskiy, Teresa Solanich Valldaura","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2024.2418150","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2024.2418150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Asbestos exposure is a well-documented cause of pulmonary diseases. However, its systemic effects, particularly on the cardiovascular system, are less understood. We expose a case that highlights an unusual cardiovascular manifestation in a patient with a history of pleural asbestosis compressing the aorta and clinically manifested as lower limb claudication. A 65-year-old individual presented with bilateral short-distance lower extremity claudication. The patient's clinical presentation prompted advanced imaging studies, including CT angiography, to assess the extent of vascular involvement. The imaging confirmed the presence of substantial calcification and narrowing of the thoracic aorta. The patient had a documented history of pleural asbestosis. This case underscores the potential for asbestos-related diseases to extend beyond pulmonary manifestations, affecting cardiovascular health. The observed aortic calcification and coarctation represent an atypical progression of asbestosis related pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"76-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A case report of a mesenteric cystic lymphangioma in a young adult woman presenting to the emergency room. 一例急诊室就诊的年轻成年女性肠系膜囊性淋巴管瘤病例报告。
IF 0.6 4区 医学
Acta Chirurgica Belgica Pub Date : 2025-02-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2024.2424046
L C A van der Broeck, S H J Ketelaers, J G Bloemen
{"title":"A case report of a mesenteric cystic lymphangioma in a young adult woman presenting to the emergency room.","authors":"L C A van der Broeck, S H J Ketelaers, J G Bloemen","doi":"10.1080/00015458.2024.2424046","DOIUrl":"10.1080/00015458.2024.2424046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mesenteric cystic lymphangiomas (MCLs) are rare benign tumours seen in adults. The clinical presentation may vary from asymptomatic to acute abdominal pain with inexplicable abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In the current case report, a 22-year old, healthy women presented to the emergency room with acute abdominal pain in need of urgent surgical exploration. Histopathological examination revealed an mesenteric cystic lymphangioma.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with inexplicable abdominal pain, the suspicion of MCLs and proper diagnostic strategies are important. The primary treatment of MCLs consists of radical surgical resection to prevent invasion in surrounding tissue. Tertiary referral centres should be consulted to support in the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of MCLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":6935,"journal":{"name":"Acta Chirurgica Belgica","volume":" ","pages":"62-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142543029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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