Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"A genus-wide study on venom proteome variation and phospholipase A₂ inhibition in Asian lance-headed pit vipers (genus: Trimeresurus).","authors":"Mun Yee Yong, Kae Yi Tan, Choo Hock Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>High molecular weight proteins are present abundantly in viperid venoms. The amino acid sequence can be highly variable, contributing to the structure and function diversity of snake venom protein. However, this variability remains poorly understood in many species. The study investigated the venom protein variability in a distinct clade of Asian pit vipers (Trimeresurus species complex) through comparative proteomics, applying gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS), and bioinformatic approaches. The proteomes revealed a number of conserved protein families, within each are variably expressed protein paralogs that are unrelated to the snake phylogeny and geographic origin. The expression levels of two major enzymes, i.e., snake venom serine proteinase and metalloproteinase, correlate weakly with procoagulant and hemorrhagic activities, implying co-expression of other functionally versatile toxins in the venom. The phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) abundance correlates strongly with its enzymatic activity, and a unique phenotype was discovered in two species expressing extremely little PLA₂. The commercial mono-specific antivenom effectively neutralized the venoms' procoagulant and hemorrhagic effects but failed to inhibit the PLA₂ activities. Instead, the PLA₂ activities of all venoms were effectively inhibited by the small molecule inhibitor varespladib, suggesting its potential to be repurposed as a highly potent adjuvant therapeutic in snakebite envenoming.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110077"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sub-acute exposure of sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) to environmentally relevant concentrations of PFOA and GenX influences gonadal development.","authors":"Hongce Song, Meiyun Dong, Weizhong Wang, Xiaona Wang, Deyang Tian, Xiaotong Wang, Dong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and its substitute, hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX), are widely used perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) that pose significant risks to marine ecosystems. However, the specific impacts of these contaminants on marine invertebrates, particularly echinoderms, remain poorly understood. Strongylocentrotus intermedius, a globally significant benthic aquacultural species, may be potentially affected by PFCs. This study aimed to assess the reproductive toxicity of PFOA and GenX in S. intermedius. After exposing S. intermedius to either PFOA or GenX for 7 or 14 days, it was observed that even at environmentally relevant concentrations (2 μg/L), both compounds inhibited normal growth and gonadal development in S. intermedius, with effects becoming more pronounced over time. Further analysis revealed that prolonged exposure to PFCs resulted in a significant reduction in energy reserves (glycogen, lipids, and proteins) and caused abnormal changes in metabolic enzyme activities, with PFOA exhibiting more pronounced effects compared to GenX. At the genetic level, the expression of genes related to gonadal development initially increased and then decreased as the concentrations of the compounds rose. Additionally, integrated biomarker response analysis indicated that PFOA had greater reproductive toxicity than GenX, in terms of both concentration and exposure duration. These results provided a preliminary evaluation of the impact of PFCs on marine invertebrates, offering a foundation for further research into their ecological risks and contributing to the development of more comprehensive environmental risk assessments for these contaminants.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of an environmental ototoxic pollutant on fish fighting behaviors.","authors":"Jiun-Lin Horng, Yu-Huan Hu, Hsi Chen, Ming-Yi Chou","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Numerous environmental pollutants exhibit ototoxicity and cause damage to the lateral line structures in fish, including the neuromast and its hair cells. The lateral line is used to detect hydrodynamic changes and is thought to play a significant role in aggressive interactions. Fighting behaviors in fish are crucial for establishing social hierarchy and obtaining limited resources. In this study, we ablated the function of hair cells using a commonly used ototoxin, neomycin, to evaluate the impact of this ototoxic pollutant on fighting behavior through damaging the lateral line. Our results showed that the number of wins and the duration of dyadic fight behavior decreased in zebrafish with lateral line ablation. These zebrafish also exhibited increased anxiety and biting frequencies. On the other hand, social preferences and fitness were not affected in lateral line-ablated zebrafish. In conclusion, the lateral line mechanosensory system is crucial for fish to gather sufficient information and make correct decisions during conflicts and fighting behaviors. Impairment of hair cell function can affect aggressive behaviors and decision-making in fish, subtly altering their behavioral patterns and leading to significant impacts on the aquatic ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110103"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of nanopolystyrene and/or phoxim exposure on digestive function of Eriocheir sinensis.","authors":"Mengting Huang, Yuan Ma, Qianru Fan, Shunli Che, Jun Zhang, Shuquan Ding, Shuren Zhu, Xilei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nanopolystyrene (NP) and phoxim (PHO) are pervasive environmental contaminants that pose a significant threat to the health of aquatic organisms, prompting widespread concern among researchers and the public alike. The hepatopancreas play important roles in the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), such as digestion, absorption and detoxification. This study assessed the hepatopancreatic toxicity caused by the exposure of Eriocheir sinensis to environmentally relevant concentrations of NP and/or PHO. After a 21-day exposure period, NP (1.0 × 10¹⁰ particles/L) and PHO (24 μg/L) exposure resulted in reduced number of blister-like, resorptive, and fibrillar cells and an elevation in lipid droplets within the hepatopancreas compared to the control group. Furthermore, trypsin and lipase activity decreased, amylase activity increased, and a significantly decrease in the expression of digestion-related genes, including CHT, CarL, and CarB, suggested impairment in both digestive and metabolic functions. The marked upregulation of key genes, including PPARγ, GYK, PEPCK, and SCD, as well as key metabolites such as 4-methylzymosterol-carboxylate, zymosterone, lathosterol, 7-dehydro-desmosterol, vitamin D2, 24-methylene-cycloartanol, 5-dehydroepisterol, and sitosterol in the lipid metabolic pathway, showed that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) and steroid biosynthesis signaling pathways were highly affected by exposure to NP and/or PHO. These findings indicated that exposure to NP and/or PHO might adversely affect the hepatopancreatic physiological homeostasis in E. sinensis by causing tissue damage and interfering with digestive and metabolic functions. Our results provide ecotoxicological insights into the effects of nanopolystyrene and/or phoxim exposure on the digestive function of Eriocheir sinensis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110102"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptome-based analysis reveals the toxic effects of perfluorononanoic acid by affecting the development of the cardiovascular system and lipid metabolism in zebrafish.","authors":"Mingqing Qian, Weiqiang Sun, Lin Cheng, Yuanyuan Wu, Li Wang, Hui Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a perfluoroalkyl acid containing nine carbon chains, with an additional carbon‑fluorine bond that makes it more stable and toxic. Studies have shown that PFNA can harm the reproductive, immune, and nervous systems, as well as many organs, which can increase the risk of cancer. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with 0 and 100 μM PFNA for 72 and 96 hpf, and their angiogenesis and haematopoiesis were observed under laser confocal microscopy using Tg (fli1:EGFP) and Tg (gata1:DsRed) transgenic zebrafish. The data showed that PFNA exposure decreased heart rate and slowed blood flow in zebrafish. PFNA was found to inhibit erythropoiesis by O-dianisidine staining. RNA-seq analysis was used to compare gene expression changes in zebrafish from control and 100 μM PFNA-exposed groups at 72 hpf. KEGG results showed significant enrichment of PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism, steroid biosynthesis and apoptosis. The RNA-seq results were validated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Oil red O staining and Filipin staining showed increased lipid accumulation after PFNA exposure, and TUNEL staining showed that PFNA exposure led to apoptosis. In conclusion, exposure to PFNA may cause toxic effects in zebrafish by affecting cardiovascular development, causing lipid accumulation and promoting apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110108"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The combined effect of environmentally relevant doses of glyphosate and high temperature: An integrated and multibiomarker approach to delineate redox status and behavior in Danio rerio.","authors":"Jaíne Ames, Edivania G de Batista, Tamiris R Storck, Jossiele W Leitemperger, Julia Canzian, João V Borba, Silvana I Schneider, Diovana G de Batista, Sofia Bertoli, Osmar D Prestes, Luana Floriano, Karine Reinke, Renato Zanella, Marlon C Vasconcelos, Antônio A Miragem, Denis B Rosemberg, Vania L Loro","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glyphosate, a pesticide commonly found in aquatic ecosystems, affects this habitat and nontarget organisms such as fish. The increase in water temperature, linked to factors such as climate change, poses a considerable threat. Despite extensive ecotoxicological research, we still do not know the real individual and specific consequences of continued exposure to glyphosate and high temperatures, simulating a scenario where the aquatic environment remains contaminated and temperatures continue to rise. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects of exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of glyphosate, active ingredient glyphosate (GAI), and glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) in combination with high temperature (34 °C) in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). The fish were acclimated to 28 or 34 °C for 96 h. The exposure to 225 and 450 μg L^-1 (GBH or GAI) at 28 or 34 °C for 7 days. We analyzed behavioral endpoints (anxiety-like response, sociability, and aggressivity) and biochemical biomarkers of the brain and muscle (oxidative stress). Anxiety-like responses and decreased sociability were disrupted by the combination of glyphosate and high temperature. Furthermore, there is a decrease in Acetylcholinesterase activity in the brain, and an increase in Lipid Peroxidation, Protein Carbonylation, Acetylcholinesterase activity, and Glutathione S-Transferase activity in the muscle. These results demonstrated oxidative stress, anxiety-like behavior and decreased sociability caused by glyphosate and high temperature. We concluded that the combined effects of glyphosate and high temperature affected redox homeostasis and behavior, emphasizing that the field of glyphosate pollution should be carefully considered when evaluating the effects of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110095"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific responses to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate reveal activation of defense signaling pathways in California sea lion but not in human skeletal muscle cells in primary culture.","authors":"Elizabeth Brassea-Pérez, José Pablo Vázquez-Medina, Claudia J Hernández-Camacho, Luis Javier Ramírez-Jirano, Ramón Gaxiola-Robles, Vanessa Labrada-Martagón, Tania Zenteno-Savín","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Higher antioxidant defenses in marine than terrestrial mammals allow them to cope with oxidative stress associated with diving-induced ischemia/reperfusion. Does this adaptation translate to inherent resistance to other stressors? We analyzed oxidative stress indicators in cells derived from human and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) skeletal muscle upon exposure to di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). Human abdominal muscle biopsies were collected from healthy women undergoing planned cesarean surgery. California sea lion samples were collected postmortem from stranded animals. Skeletal muscle cells derived from each species were exposed to 1 mM DEHP for 13 days (n = 25) or maintained under control (untreated) conditions (n = 25). Superoxide radical (O₂^-) production, oxidative damage and antioxidant enzyme activities were measured using spectrophotometric methods. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR. DEHP exposure increased O₂^- production and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in both species. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity and protein carbonyls levels increased in human but not in California sea lion cells. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities increased in California sea lion but not in human cells exposed to DEHP. In human cells, DEHP increased microsomal GST1 and GST (κ, μ, θ, ω, and ᴢ), while suppressing 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase (OGG1), CAT, glutathione reductase (GR), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression, suggesting increased oxidative stress and phase two detoxification processes. In California sea lion cells, DEHP increased OGG1, NRF2, GPx2 and SOD3 expression, suggesting activation of antioxidant defenses, which potentially contribute to maintaining redox homeostasis, avoiding oxidative damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined exposure effects: Multilevel impact analysis of cycloxaprid and microplastics on Penaeus vannamei.","authors":"Zhi-Yu Lin, Zhi Luo, Zhen-Fei Li, Zhen-Qiang Fu, Feng-Lu Han, Er-Chao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110107","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In real environments, multiple pollutants often coexist, so studying the impact of a single pollutant does not fully reflect the actual situation. Cycloxaprid, a new neonicotinoid pesticide, poses significant ecological risks due to its unique mechanism and widespread distribution in aquatic environments. Additionally, the ecological effects of microplastics, another common environmental pollutant, cannot be overlooked. This study explored the ecotoxicological effects of cycloxaprid and microplastics, both alone and in combination, on Penaeus vannamei over 28 days. The results revealed significant physiological impacts, with notable changes in the shrimp immune system and hepatopancreatic energy and lipid metabolism. Key findings include alterations in hemocyanin, nitric oxide, and phenol oxidase levels, along with disturbances in Na⁺/K⁺-, Ca²⁺-, and Mg²⁺-ATPase activities. Additionally, neural signaling disruptions were evidenced by fluctuations in acetylcholine, dopamine, and acetylcholinesterase levels. Transcriptomic analysis revealed the profound influence of these pollutants on gene expression and metabolic processes in the hepatopancreas and nervous system. This comprehensive assessment underlines the potential growth impacts on shrimp and underscores the ecological risks of cycloxaprid and microplastics, offering insights for future risk assessments and biomarker identification.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110107"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142794416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic toxicity of cadmium and triadimefon on the microbiota and health of Rana dybowskii tadpoles.","authors":"Xiao-Yun Han, Peng Guo, Qiu-Ru Fan, Qing-Bo Zhou, Ming-da Xu, Xin-Zhou Long, Li-Yong Cui, Qing Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110092","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The skin and gut microbiota are crucial to amphibians. Triadimefon (TF), a widely used triazole fungicide, controls crop diseases and regulates growth, with uncertain effects on amphibian microbiota. Contamination, typically involving mixed chemicals at low concentrations, including cadmium (Cd) and TF, may detrimentally affect amphibian growth, survival, and microbiota health in both the skin and gut, but few research has examined these consequences. This research examines the impact of Cd and TF on Rana dybowskii tadpoles, focusing on survival, body mass, and microbiome changes over 28 days across four groups: control, Cd, TF, and Cd + TF groups. Results showed significant reductions in survival and body mass in Cd and TF-treated groups, with the combination group being the most affected. Microbiota analysis revealed significant dysbiosis in both gut and skin microbiomes under pollutant stress, with a marked microbiota and a shift in dominant microbial communities. Function prediction analysis based on the microbiome composition highlighted significant differences across various biological pathways, including metabolism, immune system, environmental adaptation, and disease resistance. These alterations suggest that pollutant exposure compromises the tadpoles' ability to maintain homeostasis and resist pathogens. In conclusion, this study reveals the detrimental effects of Cd and TF on the survival, growth, and microbiomes of R. dybowskii tadpoles, indicating significant environmental and health risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110092"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beta-adrenergic blockade via atenolol negatively affects body and heart mass and renal morphology in the developing chicken (Gallus Gallus Domesticus).","authors":"Josie J Rossitto Lopez, I I Dane Crossley, Warren W Burggren","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.110089","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Atenolol is a widely prescribed β₁-cardioselective blocker. We studied atenolol effects on cardiac and renal development in day 18 (D18) chicken embryos. Embryos were dosed with atenolol (3 μg atenolol/g estimated embryo mass) for three days during one of the mesonephric kidney stage (D7-D9), mesonephric-metanephric stage (D11-D13), or metanephric stage (D15-D17), and then sampled on D18. Wet embryo body mass in atenolol-treated groups was reduced at D18 (P < 0.01). Wet heart mass of atenolol-treated embryos was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced in the mesonephric stage on D18. Similarly, kidney mass in atenolol-treated mesonephric and metanephric stages was significantly reduced at D18. Nephron density was 40 % lower following atenolol treatment during the mesonephros stage. Individual glomerular areas of mesonephric- and metanephric-treated stages were significantly larger (P < 0.01) than controls, but overall glomerular area was reduced in the meso- and meso-metanephros populations. Collectively, these data suggest that chronic atenolol treatment results in major renal remodeling and that the mesonephros renal stage (D7-D9), is the critical window for effects of atenolol on renal morphology. Acute atenolol application at D11 through D19 had no effect on mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate, even though these variables were acutely altered as early as Day 15 by isoproterenol. Collectively, these data suggest that the morphological effects of atenolol were not the result of altered perfusion. Further experiments are required to determine if reduced embryo, cardiac and renal masses are specific to chronic atenolol treatment, or whether other β blockers might have similar effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110089"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}