Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Effects of acute bisphenol a exposure on feeding and reproduction in sea urchin (Heliocidaris crassispina).","authors":"Xiuwen Xu, Keying Ding, Xiuqi Jin, Jinyue Jia, Kaiwen Ding, Weiye Li, Jixiu Wang, Jingwen Yang, Bayden D Russell, Tianming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is used globally in the production of many plastics, is a pervasive environmental contaminant that poses a growing threat to various forms of life. However, data on its impact on invertebrates, particularly echinoderms, remain scarce, and there is no existing research on BPA's toxicity in adult sea urchins. This study investigates the impact of acute BPA exposure (100, 600, and 1500 μg/L for one week) in adult sea urchin Heliocidaris crassispina, focusing on feeding behavior (including predation and anti-predation behaviors, digestive enzyme activity), reproductive physiology (including gonadal characteristics, sex hormone levels, and expression of reproduction-related genes), and transgenerational effects. Results show that BPA exposure significantly reduces feeding capacity, prolongs response times in behavioral assays, and decreases digestive enzyme activity, indicating impaired energy acquisition. Histological analysis reveals gonadal developmental delays. Biochemical analysis revealed significant alterations in sex hormone levels, with a severe imbalance in their ratios. Gene expression analysis indicates significant changes in reproductive-related genes (up-regulation of reproductive-related gene myp, down-regulation of sex hormone synthesis key gene cyp17), supporting endocrine disruption. Furthermore, BPA exposure leads to developmental delays in offspring, highlighting potential transgenerational risks. Notably, a non-monotonic dose response was observed across several physiological and molecular endpoints, consistent with those seen in other species. These findings provide new insights into BPA toxicity in marine invertebrates, emphasizing its threat to sea urchin populations and coastal ecosystem stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110163"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of NADPH oxidase in the mud crab (Scylla paramamosain) in response to Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection.","authors":"Chang-Hong Cheng, Jun-De Dong, Si-Gang Fan, Hong-Ling Ma, Yi-Qin Deng, Juan Feng, Jian-Jun Jiang, Zhi-Xun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis and function. The main source of intracellular ROS depends on the NADPH oxidase (Nox) and plays crucial roles in immune deafens in animal. However, the function of Nox in crustaceans remains unclear. In the present study, a Nox gene from the mud crab (designated as Sp-Nox) was cloned and identified. The full length of Sp-Nox contained an open reading frame of 3939 bp encoding 1312 amino acids, a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 420 bp, and a 3' UTR of 813 bp. The deduced amino acid sequences of Sp-Nox contained a typical flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domain and a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) binding domain. Sp-Nox was widely expressed in all tested tissues, with the highest expression levels in the gill. Sp-Nox expression in hepatopancreas was significantly up-regulated after V. parahaemolyticus infection. In order to know more about the regulation mechanism of Sp-Nox, RNA interference experiment was investigated. Knocking down Sp-Nox in vivo can significantly reduce the production of ROS and the expression levels of antioxidant-related genes (CAT and SOD). Moreover, Sp-Nox interference significantly increased the mortality of mud crabs after V. parahaemolyticus infection. All these results suggested that Sp-Nox played a crucial role in the defense against V. parahaemolyticus infection in crustaceans.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurotoxic effects of chronic exposure to perfluorobutane sulfonate in adult zebrafish (Danio Rerio).","authors":"Jenila John Santhi, Praveen Kumar Issac, Manikandan Velayutham, Panneer Selvam Sundar Rajan, Shaik Althaf Hussain, Mohammed Rafi Shaik, Baji Shaik, Ajay Guru","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic compounds extensively utilized in industrial applications and consumer products. Long-chain PFAS has been linked to negative health impacts, prompting the introduction of shorter-chain alternatives like perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS). While long-chain PFAS are known to induce oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis, the neurotoxic potential of short-chain PFAS like PFBS was not well studied. This study aims to evaluate the neurotoxic effect and bioaccumulation of PFBS on adult zebrafish. In this study, adult zebrafish were exposed to PFBS at concentrations of 0.14, 1.4, and 14 μM for 28 days. PFBS accumulation in zebrafish brain tissue was confirmed by specific mass spectrum peaks. Behavioral assays revealed significant anxiety-like behavior, with PFBS (14 μM) exposed zebrafish spending more time in the bottom zone of the novel tank diving test (179.33 ± 1.03 s) and in the light and dark preference results showed increased time spent in the dark zone (165.17 ± 10.89 s). Learning and memory deficits were evident in the T-maze test, where PFBS-exposed zebrafish spent less time in the favorable zone (0.67 ± 1.15 s). Biochemical analysis showed significant inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the male and female brains (0.06 μmol/min and 0.09 μmol/min). Antioxidant enzyme levels were reduced, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) 5.45 U/mg protein in the male brain and 4.06 U/mg protein in the female brain, leading to increased oxidative stress biomarkers like lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels in male (0.99 μmol/mg/ml and 8.85 μM) and female brain (1.83 μmol/mg/ml and 8.74 μM), respectively. Gene expression analysis demonstrated the downregulation of SOD, CAT, GSR, and GPx, indicating impaired antioxidant defense mechanisms. Histopathological analysis of PFBS exposure groups revealed vacuolation and increased pyknotic neurons in the optic tectum region of the brain. Our study suggests that PFBS exposure leads to bioaccumulation in the brain, causing histopathological changes and cognitive impairment. In conclusion, PFBS induces neurotoxicity which can be a potential risk as they are incorporated into a range of consumer products.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110162"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6PPD impairs growth performance by inducing intestinal oxidative stress and ferroptosis in zebrafish.","authors":"Hao Xu, Xiaoyu Mao, Dashuang Mo, Mengzhu Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110161","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a tire-derived pollutant, has gained increasing attention due to its potential toxicity to aquatic organisms. Although previous studies have revealed that 6PPD impacts early developmental stages of larval fish, its effects on adult fish, particularly on key organs, remain unclear. In this study, we observed that adult zebrafish exposed to 6PPD exhibited reduced growth performance and increased fecal output. Histological examination with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining revealed damage to the intestinal villi and a reduction in goblet cell numbers, indicating that 6PPD impairs growth performance by disrupting the digestive system. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed that 6PPD caused significant changes in the expression of 727 genes in the intestine, of which 280 genes were up-regulated and 447 genes were down-regulated. These genes were primarily associated with nutrient digestion and absorption, energy metabolism, immune response, and redox regulation. Mechanistically, 6PPD induced oxidative stress and triggered ferroptosis in the intestine, leading to structural damage of the intestinal villi. Treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) alleviated 6PPD-induced oxidative stress and ferroptosis, thereby improving intestinal villi structure and promoting fish growth. This study provides insights into the mechanisms by which 6PPD impairs growth in adult zebrafish and highlights NAC as a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate its toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":" ","pages":"110161"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined heavy metals (As and Pb) affects antioxidant status and lipid metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio)","authors":"Ming Liu ,&nbsp;Jian Song ,&nbsp;Haoling Liu ,&nbsp;Guangyu Li ,&nbsp;Ning Luan ,&nbsp;Xiaoling Liu ,&nbsp;Yi Shen ,&nbsp;Minglei Lyu ,&nbsp;Zhengyu Wang ,&nbsp;Huiming Zhou ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Junli Zuo","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The potential risk of coexistence of mixed heavy metals in the aquatic environment has increased with the development of technology. Lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) are among the most widely applied heavy metals, whose single toxicity has been extensively investigated, but their combined toxicity has been reported relatively rarely. In this study, different concentrations of Pb (40 μg/L, 4 mg/L), As (32 μg/L, 3.2 mg/L) and their combinations (40 μg/L + 32 μg/L, 4 mg/L + 3.2 mg/L) were set up for 30 days to establish a heavy metal exposure model in zebrafish. Pathological sections, biochemical parameters and gene expression analysis were used to assess the toxicity effects of oxidative damage and lipid metabolism in the liver. Our results showed that combined exposure of As and Pb resulted in elevated ROS and MDA levels and upregulated expression of genes related to the Nrf2-Keap1/Are signaling pathway in female zebrafish, causing enhanced oxidative stress. Moreover, mixture of As and Pb was able to cause abnormal upregulation of lipid metabolism-related genes and reduced activity of fatty acid synthase (FAS) in the liver of female zebrafish. The abnormal decrease of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT-1) and gene <em>cpt1a</em> in males were also observed. These results contributed to hepatic Triglyceride (TG) excessive accumulation, ultimately triggering a disturbance of lipid metabolism. These findings indicated that chronic exposure to As and Pb was capable of producing adverse effects on oxidative stress and lipid metabolism in fish in a sex-specific manner. This study provides new perspective for evaluating the combined effects of heavy metals in the aquatic environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 110160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143464883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short communication: Evaluation of mitochondrial surface area of selected metals and pesticides in RTL-W1 cells: A high-content imaging approach","authors":"Ozge Cemiloglu Ulker ,&nbsp;Matteo Minghetti","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110148","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, there has been increasing interest in utilizing fish cell culture in vitro assays, as alternatives to whole fish assays, for assessing the toxicity of aquatic pollutants. The fish cell line RTL-W1, derived from rainbow trout (<em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>) liver, was shown to retain several tissue specific features and to respond to chemical insults similarly to fish in vivo. In our study, we investigated the toxicity of two metals silver and cadmium and two pesticides azoxystrobin and paraquat using a cytotoxicity assay that measures simultaneously cell metabolic activity and cell membrane integrity. Moreover, we developed a novel ‘high-content imaging’ approach to evaluate if mitochondria's surface area is a sensitive and specific indicator of mitochondria toxicity. Initially, the cytotoxicity assay was used to determine the chemicals' effective concentrations (EC₅₀). Subsequently, we assessed the mitochondria surface area at different toxicity level (i.e., EC₅₀, EC₂₅ and EC₁₀) to compare the sensitivity and specificity of this method. The EC_50s measured by cell metabolic activity, for silver, cadmium, azoxystrobin and paraquat were 0.71, 29.05, 2.34 and 1260 μM, respectively. Mitochondria surface area was reduced by all chemicals at the EC₅₀, and by silver and azoxystrobin at the EC₁₀ and EC₂₅; indicating that the latter chemicals affect mitochondria more specifically. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that mitochondrial surface area serves as a sensitive marker for chemicals inducing mitochondria toxicity in fish liver cells. Additionally, assays using RTL-W1 cells proved to be effective for detecting the hepatic cytotoxicity of environmental contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"292 ","pages":"Article 110148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of microbiomics and metabolomics reveals energy metabolism imbalance in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under saline-alkaline exposure","authors":"Lin Han ,&nbsp;Wenzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Fangying Yuan ,&nbsp;Qianwen Liu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Jin ,&nbsp;Yanchun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ecological conditions of freshwater aquaculture are deteriorating by degrees in recent years. Consequently, the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkaline water has garnered increasing societal attention. Here, crucian carp (<em>Carassius auratus</em>) were exposed to 20, 40 mmol/L NaHCO₃ for 30 days (T, F group). Metabolomic analyses were conducted using UPLC-QTOF/MS, complemented by biochemical and microbiology profiling to elucidate the damage of the saline environment to the intestinal microbial structure, which in turn interfered with the energy metabolism. It was observed that carbonate alkalinity (CA) exposure not only caused intestine oxidative stress but also changed the levels of several digestive enzymes, including α-amylase (AMS), chymotrypsin (CHY), lipase (LPS). Metabolomic analysis identified 22 different metabolites (DEMs) in T group and 77 DEMs in F group. MetaboAnalyst analysis indicated that these metabolites are primarily involved in energy-related pathways, including the citric acid cycle, galactose metabolism, and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. Intestinal microbial diversity and community composition were altered under carbonate alkalinity exposure, with increase in Proteobacteria abundance and decline in Firmicutes, abundance alongside enrichment of <em>Sphingomonas</em>. Herein, saline-alkaline stress disrupted the physiological homeostasis of the crucian carp intestine, leading to microbial dysbiosis and energy metabolic imbalance. This study provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the stress response of the crucian carp intestine and the role of the intestinal microbiome in host resilience under adverse environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 110145"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastics and their derivatives are impacting animal ecophysiology: A review","authors":"Cristiana Roberta Multisanti ,&nbsp;Serafina Ferrara ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Piccione ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nowadays, plastic pollution is one of the most significant issues affecting the environment, posing a serious threat to marine biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and human health. Millions of tons of plastic waste enter the oceans every year, and the impact of microplastics (MPs) is much more worrying than visible contamination. The presence of these particles puts a strain on ecological dynamics, causing a significant impact on the health of marine organisms and affects humans due to the interconnection existing with the environment and the food chain. This review article examines the different ways in which MPs interact with marine life, the mechanisms that drive this pollution, and the cascading consequences for the health of organisms and ecosystems. It also highlights the critical links between plastic pollution and human health and underlines the urgency of a global and coordinated approach to address this growing crisis. Only through deeper understanding, increased awareness and collective action can we hope to mitigate the significant impacts of plastic pollution and ensure a sustainable future for oceans and our planet.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 110149"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of PFOA (perfluorooctanoic acid) uptake in Daphnia (Daphnia magna) by TiO2 nanoparticles","authors":"Arian Farajizadeh,&nbsp;Lazarus Sui,&nbsp;Jonas Wong,&nbsp;Greg G. Goss","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrophobic surface of plastics adsorbs hydrophobic persistent organic pollutants (POP) such as Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). The potential for hydrophobic nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂) to associate with PFOA and alter accumulation rates has not been investigated. Nanoparticles form ecocorona by adsorption of multiple constituents in water, but few studies have examined if this results in differences in the rate of PFOA accumulation in freshwater animals. We demonstrate the PFOA associates with the hydrophobic surfaces of nano-sized TiO₂ particles and this increases the rate of uptake of PFOA into <em>Daphnia magna</em>. Accumulation of PFOA in daphnia was measurement over multiple concentrations, flux times and particle sizes using a radiotracer-based method (¹⁴C-labelled PFOA). Our results show that TiO₂ NPs have a high sorption capacity for PFOA and PFOA sorption decreased aggregation of TiO₂ as evidenced by a decrease in average hydrodynamic diameter, decreased zeta potential and increased polydispersity index. Uptake of PFOA at 10 μg/L was found to be 45 % higher in the presence of 500 μg/L of 5 nm TiO₂ compared to control PFOA alone uptake. Potentiation of PFOA uptake using 25 nm TiO₂ NPs was 25 % higher than control PFOA alone. PFOA alone (0.5 mg/L) reduced metabolic oxygen consumption (MO₂) in daphnia by 52 %, but exposure to (100 mg/L) 5 nm TiO₂ NPs sorbed with (0.5 mg/L) PFOA decreased metabolic oxygen consumption (MO₂) by ~88 %. These findings show that TiO₂ nanoparticles act as vectors for hydrophobic organic pollutant accumulation and significantly potentiate PFOA accumulation and toxicity in aquatic organisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 110150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of blocking the glutamate pathway to exacerbate oxidative stress, ammonia toxicity and metabolic disorders in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) under saline-alkaline exposure","authors":"Wenzhi Liu ,&nbsp;Lin Han ,&nbsp;Fangying Yuan ,&nbsp;Qianwen Liu ,&nbsp;Hongyu Cheng ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Jin ,&nbsp;Yanchun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change and intensified human activities have accelerated the salinization and alkalinization of aquatic environments, further shrinking the space for freshwater aquaculture. One of the key survival mechanisms for fish in saline-alkaline habitats is the conversion of accumulated endogenous ammonia into less toxic glutamine. This study focuses on the freshwater teleost, crucian carp (<em>Carassius auratus</em>), using the liver as the target organ. Three groups were established: 0, 20, and 40 mmol/L NaHCO₃ stress groups. After 30 days, methionine sulfoximine was injected to block the glutamate pathway, respectively. Through a combination of biochemical analysis and metabolomics, this study investigated the mechanisms by which blocking the glutamate pathway under different NaHCO₃ stress concentrations affects metabolism in the liver of crucian carp. Biochemical results indicated that saline-alkaline stress led to oxidative stress and impaired ammonia excretion in crucian carp, and these effects were exacerbated after blocking the glutamate pathway. Metabolomic results revealed significant alterations in pathways such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and purine metabolism. The study demonstrates that blocking the glutamate pathway exacerbates lipid and energy metabolism disorders under saline-alkaline stress, with crucian carp compensating by regulating glucose metabolism to mitigate energy deficiencies. In summary, this study elucidates the metabolic changes in crucian carp following the blockade of glutamate pathway under carbonate-alkaline stress, providing insight into the mechanisms leading to liver inflammation and metabolic dysregulation, and offers preliminary insights into the effects on ammonia excretion, which lay a scientific foundation for future research on freshwater teleosts in saline-alkaline environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"291 ","pages":"Article 110146"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}