Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the ecological risks of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles to black sea picophytoplankton","authors":"Natalia Shoman ,&nbsp;Ekaterina Solomonova ,&nbsp;Arkady Akimov","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The toxic effect of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) and copper oxide (CuO NPs) nanoparticles on natural communities of Black Sea picophytoplankton was investigated during a year-long cycle of in-situ experiments. The results revealed pronounced seasonal and taxonomic specificity of toxicity. It was established that CuO NPs exert a complex toxic effect on algae, disrupting most key physiological processes in the cells. Pronounced oxidative stress, suppression of pigment synthesis, changes in morphology, dose-dependent inhibition of photosynthetic activity (EC₅₀ = 18.3 μg L⁻¹), and a sharp restructuring of the community in favor of picoeukaryotes (up to 90–98% at 20 μg L⁻¹) were observed. In contrast, ZnO NPs acted selectively on the algal community, primarily suppressing the growth of phycoerythrin-containing (PEC) forms of cyanobacteria, while phycocyanin-containing (PCC) forms exhibited resistance. The peak sensitivity of <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. cyanobacteria to CuO NPs was observed in winter-spring (EC50 6–14 μg L⁻¹), whereas their resistance to ZnO NPs increased in summer (EC₅₀ up to 110 μg L⁻¹). Picoeukaryotes, on the contrary, demonstrated the highest vulnerability to ZnO NPs during periods of ecological stress (EC₅₀ 12–15 μg L⁻¹ in July and December). The nanomaterials also induced a cellular morphological stress response, manifested in a significant increase in <em>Synechococcus</em> sp. cell size (up to 2.5 times at 60 μg L⁻¹ CuO NPs) and a decrease in pigment indices. The obtained data show that the ecotoxicological assessment of nanomaterials cannot be based on constant values and must necessarily account for seasonal fluctuations in the resilience of aquatic organisms, which are linked to the natural life cycles of planktonic communities and changes in abiotic environmental parameters. The results are of particular relevance due to their direct ecological relevance. The calculated EC₅₀ threshold concentrations correspond to real levels of metal nanoparticle pollution in coastal waters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146218979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative effects of microcystin-LR on larval zebrafish: Focus on visual function, behavior, and circadian rhythm regulation","authors":"Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Zi Wei ,&nbsp;Zhicong Jiang ,&nbsp;Jiayi Hou ,&nbsp;Junguo Ma ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Li","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) is the most prevalent and toxic microcystin congeners, posing a significant threat to aquatic organisms as well as humans; however, its underlying toxic mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated. In this study, the negative impacts of MC-LR and the underlying mechanisms in zebrafish larvae were investigated. The results demonstrated that MC-LR could penetrate zebrafish larvae and induce developmental toxicity, characterized by reduced heart rate, decreased body length, and smaller eye area. H&amp;E staining revealed that MC-LR exposure significantly reduced the thickness of retinal layers. qPCR analysis showed altered expression levels of phototransduction and retinoic acid metabolism related genes (<em>rho</em>, <em>gnat1</em>, <em>gnat2</em>, <em>opn1sw1</em>, <em>opn1lw1</em>, <em>opn1mw1</em>, <em>rdh1</em>, <em>rbp4</em>, <em>cyp26a1</em>, and <em>aldh1a2</em>). These findings suggest that MC-LR may disrupt retinal structure and impair normal visual function in larvae. Behavioral analyses indicated that MC-LR exposure weakened spontaneous movements in embryos and impaired swimming ability in larvae, potentially due to significant alterations in the levels of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Additionally, MC-LR exposure reduced visuomotor responses, delayed reactions to external stimuli, and disrupted circadian rhythms, which may be attributed to altered expression levels of circadian rhythm-related genes (<em>clock1a</em>, <em>bmal1a</em>, <em>per1b</em>, <em>cry1a</em>, and <em>per2</em>), as well as changes in melatonin and arylalkylamine <em>N</em>-acetyltransferase 2 levels. Overall, these findings indicate that MC-LR exposure induces developmental neurotoxicity in zebrafish, and that impaired visual function and disrupted circadian rhythm may serve as key contributing factors to MC-LR-induced behavioral abnormalities, which warrant further emphasis in future ecological and health risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146218882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization and environmental stress-induced expression profiling of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) channels in the Pacific oyster (Magallana gigas) following short-heatwave and silver exposure","authors":"F. Fernández-García ,&nbsp;C. Mieiro ,&nbsp;M. Pacheco ,&nbsp;J.F. Asturiano ,&nbsp;M. Morini","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Marine ecosystems are increasingly threatened by the rising frequency of thermal anomalies, such as marine heatwaves (HW), and by the presence of emerging contaminants, including silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and its dissociated form into silver ions (Ag⁺). In this context, the present study provides an integrative analysis of the molecular basis of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid (TRPV), a family of sensitive channels, under environmentally realistic conditions in the gonad of the Pacific oyster (<em>Magallana gigas</em>). In this study, environmentally relevant concentrations of silver (0.25 μg/L) and a temperature increase of up to 6 °C above natural temperature (16.30 ± 0.82 °C) were applied for 7 days to simulate a realistic short-HW scenario. Four TRPV sequences were identified and, based on phylogenetic analyses, reclassified as TRPVA, TRPVB, and two TRPVC/D paralogs. Among these, TRPVB emerged as the most stress-responsive isoform in the gonad, displaying contrasting expression profiles under HW conditions, with Ag NPs upregulating TRPVB expression whereas Ag⁺ caused its downregulation. Although preliminary, these results suggest that Ag NPs and Ag⁺ activate different signalling pathways, which may be differentially expressed under thermal stress, highlighting the complexity of combined contaminants and climate-related pressures in the Pacific oyster. These findings provide basic knowledge and novel insights into environmental stress responses in marine invertebrates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146156474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in response mechanisms of fish to ammonia stress: A review","authors":"Xiao-Zheng Yu ,&nbsp;Zi-Yan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ammonia stress has emerged as a critical challenge in global aquaculture, driving extensive research into fish response mechanisms spanning physiological, molecular, and ecological dimensions. This review synthesizes advances in understanding multi-tiered adaptations, including branchial ammonia excretion, urea/glutamine conversion pathways, and microbial symbiosis-mediated detoxification. Key findings highlight species-specific strategies: teleosts prioritize oxidative stress mitigation via Nrf2/glutathione redox regulation, while ureogenic species enhance urea cycle enzyme activities. Microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems further modulate ammonia dynamics through nitrification and denitrification processes. Current mitigation approaches ranging from bioaugmentation and photocatalytic oxidation to dietary antioxidants like probiotics and polyphenols demonstrate efficacy but face limitations in scalability and ecological compatibility. Emerging technologies such as CRISPR-edited ammonia-tolerant strains, real-time water quality monitoring, and circular bioeconomy models (e.g., algal bioconversion of effluents) may represent paradigm-shifting solutions. Future research must integrate multi-omics platforms with ecological modeling to decode evolutionary trade-offs between detoxification energetics and growth performance, ultimately enabling precision aquaculture systems that harmonize productivity with environmental resilience. This comprehensive analysis not only refines theoretical frameworks for ammonia toxicity but also contributes to developing effective strategies for sustainable aquaculture management and addressing the ongoing challenge of ammonia pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110487"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146225736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating risk of tire wear particles in Daphnia pulex: In silico approaches","authors":"Xixi Li ,&nbsp;Yuan Niu ,&nbsp;Zuning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tire wear particles (TWPs), commonly detected emerging contaminants in aquatic environments, have recently attracted global attention. Therefore, the toxicity and potential mitigation of TWPs in the experimental model species <em>Daphnia pulex</em> (<em>D. pulex</em>) were evaluated using molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation methods. The binding energy of styrene-butadiene rubber, along with tire additives (i.e., antioxidants, flame retardants, heat stabilizers, light stabilizers and lubricants) and arginine kinase protein was used as an indicator of ecological risk of TWPs on <em>D. pulex</em>. Ninety-six proportioning schemes for styrene-butadiene rubber tire microplastics were generated, and Formulation No. 38 was identified as the one with the minimum ecological risk, corresponding to a binding energy value of −46.486 kJ/mol. Based on a full factorial design, the third-order interaction effect was determined to account for the most substantial proportion, relative to both the main effects and second-order interaction effects. Consequently, the competitive or synergistic effects governing the molecular docking of tire additives cannot be neglected in subsequent analyses. Furthermore, the applicability of the developed tire proportioning schemes was validated using the jumping frequency of <em>D. pulex</em>—a key ecotoxicological endpoint. This finding indicates that the tire formulations screened in the present study exhibit a certain degree of representativeness for mitigating risks to the aquatic ecological environment. This is a novel ecological risk evaluation method that can be effectively used to reduce the ecological risk of tire additives in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110465"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146049113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature-dependent enhancement of methylmercury toxicity in the water flea Daphnia magna: Linking physiological and molecular stress responses","authors":"Haksoo Jeong ,&nbsp;Jin-Sol Lee ,&nbsp;Mi-Song Hong ,&nbsp;Yuri Jin ,&nbsp;Piotr Maszczyk ,&nbsp;Menghong Hu ,&nbsp;Youji Wang ,&nbsp;Minghua Wang ,&nbsp;Jae-Seong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global warming alters the toxicity and bioavailability of environmental pollutants in aquatic ecosystems. Methylmercury (MeHg), a highly toxic form of mercury, poses significant risks, yet its interaction with temperature remains understudied. Thus, this study aims to understand how elevated temperature affects the physiological and molecular toxicity of MeHg exposure in aquatic invertebrates. We investigated the combined effects of elevated temperature (23 and 28 °C) and MeHg (10 and 50 ng/L) on the freshwater invertebrate <em>Daphnia magna</em>. Acute toxicity was significantly enhanced at 28 °C. Chronic exposure reduced survival, reproduction, and growth, particularly under combined elevated temperature and MeHg conditions. While mercury accumulation increased with MeHg concentration, temperature did not influence internal Hg levels. Biochemical analyses showed that elevated temperature reduced ROS levels but increased antioxidant enzyme activity, whereas antioxidant gene expression was suppressed. MeHg exposure inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity, with greater inhibition observed under combined exposure. Detoxification responses were temperature-specific. Glutathione-mediated system was activated at 28 °C. ABCC activity increased with temperature and MeHg, whereas ABCB activity was suppressed at 28 °C, but partially recovered with MeHg. These findings demonstrate that elevated temperature amplifies MeHg toxicity through physiological and molecular disruptions and emphasize the value of considering temperature–pollutant interactions in ecological risk assessments under climate change scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110464"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146092283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A conserved gut-brain axis underlies the neurobehavioral toxicity of a high-sugar diet: A mechanistic study in Drosophila","authors":"Chenyi Yu ,&nbsp;Yingxia Hu ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhou ,&nbsp;Qifang Wu ,&nbsp;Linya Wu ,&nbsp;Haibin Tong ,&nbsp;Changcan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110472","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110472","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-sugar diets (HSD) represent a pervasive environmental stressor with significant health risks, yet the comparative toxicology and underlying molecular mechanisms of its impact on the central nervous system remain poorly understood. This study investigated the neurobehavioral toxicity of HSD and elucidated its mechanism of action, utilizing the invertebrate model <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> to explore conserved physiological responses. Chronic exposure to a 20% HSD induced significant sleep impairment, a key neurobehavioral endpoint, characterized by reduced total sleep time and increased activity duration without affecting core circadian rhythmicity. Mechanistically, we identified a novel, indirect neurotoxic pathway originating in the gut, highlighting a conserved gut-brain axis. HSD exposure acted as a potent disruptor of gut homeostasis, inducing microbiota dysbiosis (notably decreasing <em>Acetobacter aceti</em> abundance) and triggering a robust intestinal inflammatory response, marked by the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines Upd3 and Eiger (homologs of mammalian IL-6 and TNF-α). This peripheral immunotoxicity was causally linked to central neurochemical disruption, leading to significant neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain. Critically, targeting the initial site of toxicity—the gut—by genetically reducing <em>Upd3</em> or <em>Eiger</em> expression specifically in intestinal epithelial cells was sufficient to rescue both the sleep deficits and the altered neurotransmitter profiles. Furthermore, ameliorating gut dysbiosis via dietary supplementation with <em>A. aceti</em> reversed the intestinal inflammation and normalized sleep behavior. These findings demonstrate that HSD exerts its neurobehavioral toxicity through a conserved gut-brain axis mechanism, where microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation drive central neurotransmitter dysregulation. This work highlights a critical toxicological pathway for dietary stressors with broad comparative and physiological relevance and identifies the gut inflammatory axis as a potential therapeutic target.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics and bisphenol A co-exposure causes oxidative damage and induces ion regulation disorders in the gills of Portunus trituberculatus","authors":"Xiaotian Wang ,&nbsp;Zhengjia Wei ,&nbsp;Xunjie Huo ,&nbsp;Xuerui Ge ,&nbsp;Jiayuan Ren ,&nbsp;Xiaocong Chen ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110475","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110475","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics have been established as a novel environmental contaminant, while bisphenol A represents a common endocrine-disrupting chemical. However, the combined toxicity of both pollutants on the gills of marine crustaceans remains underexplored. This study investigated the possible risks associated with co-exposure to MPs and BPA on the gills of <em>Portunus trituberculatus</em>. Crabs were exposed to 100 μg/L BPA, 10 mg/L MPs, and a combination of 100 μg/L BPA + 10 mg/L MPs for 21 days. Histological analysis revealed that both MPs and BPA significantly compromised gill architecture. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1766 differentially expressed transcripts under varying exposure conditions, which were implicated in biological processes associated with oxidative stress, ion regulation, and apoptosis. The presence of MPs, BPA, and their co-exposure resulted in a reduction of sodium/potassium-transporting ATPase subunit beta-1 expression levels, ATPase activities, ATP content, and ion concentrations in the gills when compared to the control group. Notably, MPs, BPA and their combined treatment induced ROS and H₂O₂ accumulation, and the upregulation of catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, which could potentially impact cell apoptosis. These results suggest that MPs and BPA may adversely affect oxidative damage, ion content, ion regulatory proteins, ion transport ATPase activity, apoptosis and their related gene expression in the gills of <em>P. trituberculatus</em>. Besides, integrated biomarker response values indicated that co-treatment resulted in greater gill toxicity. This comprehensive understanding highlights the imperative for preemptive measures to mitigate the adverse effects of environmental pollutants on ecological health, while providing valuable insights into the relevant molecular pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110475"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146112370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lupiwighteone exerts anti-aging effects by suppressing NF-κB and activating the MAPKs/Nrf2 signaling pathway","authors":"Kun Hu ,&nbsp;Ge Ge ,&nbsp;Bingjian Wu ,&nbsp;Jia Yang ,&nbsp;Jie Ren ,&nbsp;Lirong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lupiwighteone (Lup), a natural isoflavonoid, phytochemical, exhibits potential anti-inflammatory properties; however, its impacts on inflammation, oxidative stress, and aging processes remain insufficiently characterized. The present study systematically investigated the anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects of Lup using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> (<em>C. elegans</em>), aiming to elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms and biological significance. The study employed cell culture, animal experiments, and molecular biology techniques, combined with molecular docking, to evaluate Lup's modulatory effects on NF-κB and MAPK signaling cascades and the Nrf2 pathway. Our results indicated that Lup treatment significantly extended lifespan, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and slowed age-related physiological decline in the <em>C. elegans</em> model. Mechanistically, we found that Lup activated the MAPKs/Nrf2 pathway, enhanced antioxidant stress responses, and reduced oxidative damage, thereby delaying the aging process. Additionally, Lup treatment significantly suppressed the production and secretion of key pro-inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide, while inhibiting NF-κB signaling activation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This inhibition was mediated by impeding IκBα degradation, thereby preventing NF-κB translocation to the nucleus. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that Lup exerts significant anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities through the dual regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. These results not only strengthen the theoretical basis of plant-derived medicines in anti-inflammation and anti-aging but also provide new insights and practical guidance for the future development of natural pharmaceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110458"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The silent saboteurs: How ultraviolet (UV)-aged polystyrene nanoplastics disrupt the regenerative capacity of goldfish (Carassius auratus) caudal fins","authors":"Deshan Chen ,&nbsp;Tian Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Han ,&nbsp;Hongwei Wang ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehdi Ommati ,&nbsp;Ping Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanoplastics (NPs) are emerging as significant environmental hazards, especially in aquatic ecosystems, where they predominantly exist in aged forms due to weathering processes. Fish, known for their remarkable ability to regenerate injured caudal fins through intricate biological mechanisms, serve as an ideal model for studying sublethal effects of environmental pollutants. This study investigates the toxic impacts of aged polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on caudal fin regeneration in goldfish, focusing on molecular, cellular, and physiological responses. Goldfish were exposed to UV-aged PS-NPs (50 nm) at concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1000 μg/L, and regeneration was monitored at 7-, 14-, and 35 days post-amputation (dpa). Results demonstrated that caudal fin regeneration was significantly impaired in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Under exposure to a low concentration (10 μg/L) of aged PS-NPs, goldfish showed an adaptive antioxidant response. Exposure to medium-high concentrations (100–1000 μg/L) led to abnormal ROS activity, disordered apoptosis, and abnormal transcription of core genes in oxidative stress (<em>gpx</em>, <em>sod</em>), immune-inflammation (<em>mpeg1</em>, <em>il-1β</em>, <em>tnf-α</em>), and regeneration pathways (<em>fgf20a</em>, <em>runx2a</em>). This ultimately led to a significant inhibition of caudal fin regeneration at 35 dpa. This study indicates that UV-aged PS-NPs can inhibit the regeneration of goldfish tail fins by disrupting the coordinated function of the oxidative stress-immune-apoptosis-regeneration pathway. The study highlights the risks posed by aged NPs in aquatic environments, emphasizing their potential to impair critical tissue regeneration processes in fish, with broader implications for ecosystem health and resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146046269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}