Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology最新文献

{"title":"High-concentration polyethylene and polystyrene microplastics co-exposure shorten insect lifespan and impose ecological risk: Multi-omics evidence from Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Yingyu Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng Wang ,&nbsp;Caixia Wang ,&nbsp;Longhuan Fu ,&nbsp;Yunbo Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhuo Gao ,&nbsp;Zhugen Yang ,&nbsp;Fanyu Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110474","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110474","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are pervasive environmental pollutants, accumulating in ecosystems and posing a long-term exposure risk to both the entire ecosystem and human health. However, the combined impact of such high doses on insect longevity and the consequent ecological consequences remain understudied. Here we used <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> as a model to quantify lifespan shortening under environmentally realistic and extreme concentrations of Polyethylene (PE) and Polystyrene (PS) co-exposures and to unravel the molecular bases of the observed toxicity. Furthermore, we delved into the underlying mechanism through metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis. Our results demonstrated PE and PS MPs co-exposure with greatly high concentrations significantly reduced the lifespan of <em>Drosophila</em> and influenced age-related phenotypes such as climbing ability, intestinal barrier and hunger resistance. We found that differential metabolites were engaged in various metabolic pathways, including ABC transporters, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were closely related to Toll and Imd signaling pathway and Longevity regulating pathway. Gram-level PE and PS co-exposure triggers immune-metabolic crosstalk failure and represents a realistic terrestrial risk factor for insect longevity. Our data highlight the urgent need to include high-dose microplastic mixtures in terrestrial ecotoxicological risk assessments and biodiversity conservation strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Synopsis</h3><div>Co-exposure to PE and PS MPs with high concentrations induces changes in gene expression and metabolites associated with immune system and energy metabolism in <em>Drosophila</em>, thereby affecting their lifespan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110474"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rare earth element erbium induces hepatotoxicity in zebrafish","authors":"Xinhao Ye ,&nbsp;Mijia Li ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Shuhui Liu ,&nbsp;Shimei Xiao ,&nbsp;Wei Yuan ,&nbsp;Yan Zhao ,&nbsp;Keyuan Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110476","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rare earth elements (REEs) are collectively referred to as scandium, yttrium and 15 lanthanide metals in the periodic table. Due to their unique photoelectric and magnetic properties, they are widely used in permanent magnets, new energy and cutting-edge defense technologies. However, large-scale mining and utilization of REEs have led to a significant increase in their concentration in the environment. In the environment, these REEs are regarded as emerging contaminants (ECs). Erbium (Er), a rare earth element of the lanthanide series, is widely used in ceramics, optical fibers, and the nuclear industry. Currently, research on the ecotoxicity of erbium is limited, and its target organs of action remain unclear. In this study, zebrafish were used as experimental animals, and acute exposure experiments were conducted by exposing 72 hpf zebrafish larvae to different concentrations of erbium chloride solution to explore the ecotoxicity of erbium. The main research results are as follows: (1) Exposure to erbium causes abnormal liver development in zebrafish larvae and the liver area of the erbium-exposed group was smaller than that of the control group. (2) Erbium affects liver lipid metabolism, leading to lipid accumulation in the liver of zebrafish larvae, and increasing the contents of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG). (3) Exposure to erbium leads to an increase in ROS levels in the liver, and the upregulated expression of the <em>sod1</em> and <em>sod2</em> genes. (4) The Keap1/Nrf2 pathway inhibitor resveratrol can effectively alleviate liver lipid accumulation, reduce oxidative stress in the liver and alleviate the liver damage induced by erbium. This study discovered that erbium causes abnormal liver function in zebrafish larvae, suggesting that it might cause liver damage in zebrafish through the ROS-mediated Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of rare earth elements on the ecosystem and provide a scientific basis for related environmental protection policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110476"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146118217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond molting disruption: Tebufenozide modifies gut immunity and antiviral responses in Helicoverpa armigera (Noctuidae)","authors":"Marzieh Attarianfar ,&nbsp;Azam Mikani ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mehrabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The insect growth regulator tebufenozide, an ecdysone agonist, is widely used to control <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> through disrupting molting and development. However, its other effects on the insect physiology remain poorly understood. This study investigates how tebufenozide modulates gut immunity, microbial homeostasis, and antiviral defense mechanisms in <em>H. armigera</em> larvae. Using RT-qPCR, we analyzed the expression of key immune genes following exposure to lethal (LC₅₀) and sublethal (LC₁₀, LC₂₅) concentrations of tebufenozide. Our results demonstrate that tebufenozide induced the IMD pathway through upregulating <em>Relish</em> and <em>PGRP-LC</em> while suppressing <em>PGRP-LB</em>, leading to increased expression of antimicrobial peptides, <em>Gallerimycin</em>, <em>Gloverin, Attacin</em> and <em>Defensin</em>. Additionally, tebufenozide altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) dynamics by enhancing <em>DUOX</em> and <em>SOD</em> expression, resulted in decreased gut bacterial load. Additionally, tebufenozide enhanced antiviral defenses by upregulating RNAi pathway genes (<em>Dicer1</em>, <em>Ago1</em>, <em>Dicer2</em>, <em>Ago2</em>) and apoptosis-related genes (<em>Caspase1</em>, <em>Caspase5</em>), while downregulating the apoptosis inhibitor, <em>Survivin</em>. Consequently, viral titers of <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> nucleopolyhedrovirus (HaNPV) were significantly lower in the treated larvae compared to the controls. These findings reveal that tebufenozide exerts immunomodulatory effects beyond molting disruption, influencing gut immunity, microbiota titer, and antiviral responses. This study highlights the broader physiological impacts of ecdysone agonists and their potential implications for integrated pest management strategies combining chemical and microbial agents<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"303 ","pages":"Article 110455"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145984567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"6PPD impairs liver growth through inflammatory pathways: Insights from zebrafish and human cell models","authors":"Mengzhu Lv ,&nbsp;Zheng Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Mao ,&nbsp;Jiangtao Huang ,&nbsp;Qianqian Zheng ,&nbsp;Dashuang Mo ,&nbsp;Liping Shu","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>′-phenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a widespread tire-derived contaminant, has drawn increasing concern for its environmental persistence and toxicity. However, its specific effects on early liver development remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the hepatotoxicity of 6PPD using zebrafish larvae and human L02 hepatocyte models. A novel exposure strategy was employed, initiating 6PPD treatment at 48 h post-fertilization, after liver budding, to minimize interference from early-stage developmental defects. 6PPD exposure led to a marked reduction in liver size without obvious morphological abnormalities, alongside downregulation of hepatocyte marker genes. Importantly, liver growth gradually recovered after 6PPD removal, suggesting acute and reversible toxicity. Mechanistically, 6PPD induced DNA damage and apoptosis in hepatocytes, as evidenced by elevated γ-H2AX, <em>baxa</em>, and <em>casp3a</em> expression, while hepatocyte proliferation remained unaffected. Transcriptomic and qPCR analyses revealed activation of inflammatory pathways and increased macrophage infiltration. Co-treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent dexamethasone rescued liver size and reduced DNA damage, indicating inflammation as a key mediator of 6PPD-induced toxicity. Similarly, 6PPD exposure in human hepatocytes reduced viability and increased apoptotic markers, which were alleviated by dexamethasone. These results demonstrate that 6PPD causes acute, inflammation-mediated liver toxicity during embryogenesis, with conserved mechanisms across species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of cypermethrin on neural tube development in the early stage of chick embryos","authors":"Yunus Emre Kundakci ,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Bilir ,&nbsp;Tolga Ertekin ,&nbsp;Fatma Firat ,&nbsp;Evrim Suna Arikan Soylemez","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110461","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110461","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cypermethrin, a type II pyrethroid insecticide, is widely used worldwide, but its potential teratogenicity remains a cause for concern. The present study aimed to investigate the dose-dependent effects of cypermethrin on neural tube development in early-stage chick embryos. Specific pathogen-free fertilized eggs (<em>n</em> = 125) were divided into five groups and treated subblastodermally at the 28th hour of incubation with saline (control) or cypermethrin at 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 ppm. The embryos were dissected after 48 h and evaluated for morphological, immunohistochemical, and genetic findings. Morphological analysis revealed a significant increase in open neural tube frequency, reduced crown–rump length, and decreased somite number at 1 and 10 ppm (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical findings showed a dose-dependent increase in Caspase 3 and TUNEL indices, accompanied by a significant reduction in PCNA at higher concentrations (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Gene expression analysis revealed a consistent downregulation of transcription factor AP-2 (TFAP2) at all doses (p &lt; 0.001), a non-significant alteration in brain and reproductive organ-expressed protein (BRE) (<em>p</em> &gt; 0.05), and a significant upregulation of T-box transcription factor 18 (TBX18) at 10 ppm (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, cypermethrin exposure during post-gastrulation impairs neural tube closure in chick embryos through enhanced apoptosis, reduced proliferation, and transcriptional dysregulation. These findings provide experimental evidence of the embryotoxic potential of pyrethroids and emphasize the need for stricter regulation of pesticide use to minimize developmental risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110461"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146009090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of short-term exposure to ferrous sulfate on bioaccumulation, oxidative stress biomarkers, immunity, and intestinal microbiota in Litopenaeus vannamei","authors":"Asare Derrick ,&nbsp;Yudong Zheng ,&nbsp;Bissih Fred ,&nbsp;Agyenim Godfred Boateng ,&nbsp;Hongming Wang ,&nbsp;Peter Mrope ,&nbsp;Samuel Azupio ,&nbsp;Shuang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic environments poses critical threats to aquaculture, with iron (Fe) being one of the most prevalent contaminants from industrial and agricultural effluents. This study evaluated the acute toxicity and mechanistic impacts of ferrous sulfate (FeSO₄) on the Pacific white shrimp (<em>Litopenaeus vannamei</em>). Acute toxicity tests established the 96-h median lethal concentration (LC₅₀) of Fe at 2.52 mg/L, determined across exposure intervals of 0, 24, 48, 72, and 96-h at nominal concentrations ranging from 0.2, 1.0, 5.0, 25.0, 125.0, and 625.0 mg/L. No mortality occurred in control shrimp, whereas mortality increased progressively with both concentration and duration of FeSO₄ exposure. FeSO₄ exposure caused significant Fe accumulation in hepatopancreas and muscle, accompanied by elevated reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and suppression of key antioxidant and immune enzymes; superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lysozyme (LZM). Transcriptional analysis revealed strong upregulation of stress proteins (<em>HSP70, HSP90, GSH-Px</em>), apoptotic regulators (<em>caspase-3, p53</em>), and immune effectors (<em>metallothionein</em>), whereas <em>ferritin</em> expression decreased, indicating disruption of Fe homeostasis. Microbiota sequencing demonstrated pronounced dysbiosis: control shrimp maintained balanced commensal taxa, while Fe-exposed groups were enriched in stress-tolerant and opportunistic genera such as <em>Shewanella</em> and <em>Vibrio</em>. Functional prediction (Tax4Fun) indicated that Fe exposure enhanced xenobiotic biodegradation, immune diseases, and cell-death–related pathways, while functions associated with energy, amino-acid and carbohydrate metabolism, and nervous system were comparatively downregulated. Collectively, FeSO₄ exposure impaired antioxidant defences, triggered apoptosis, and induced intestinal dysbiosis, with implications for aquaculture health management and environmental risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110450"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145917009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elucidating altrenogest-induced lipid accumulation via estrogen receptor alpha modulation: Insights from computational and cell-based approaches","authors":"Da-Hyun Jeong ,&nbsp;Rajesh Kumar Pathak ,&nbsp;Taeeun Kim ,&nbsp;Jun-Mo Kim ,&nbsp;Hee-Seok Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110441","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110441","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The veterinary progestin altrenogest is widely used, yet its potential as an endocrine disruptor impacting metabolic health is poorly understood. This study provides the first evidence that altrenogest promotes adipogenesis (lipid accumulation) in vitro by activating estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). We combined computational modeling, which predicted altrenogest binds to ERα, with a validated ERα transcriptional activation assay (hERα-HeLa-9903), which confirmed altrenogest is an ERα agonist. In 3 T3-L1 adipocytes, altrenogest exposure significantly increased lipid accumulation and upregulated key adipogenic and lipogenic transcription factors, such as <em>Pparg</em> and <em>Srebf1</em>. Specifically, altrenogest treatment significantly increased lipid accumulation by approximately 198 % at the highest effective concentration (log M = −5). This adipogenic effect was demonstrated to be ERα-dependent, as co-treatment with the selective ERα antagonist methylpiperidino pyrazole (MPP) significantly attenuated these effects.</div><div>These findings present a robust mechanistic link between altrenogest, ERα activation, and pro-adipogenic signaling. This study emphasizes the necessity for stricter regulatory oversight of environmental residues from veterinary progestins, as they may contribute to metabolic disorders such as obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110441"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145849114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of lighting technologies on the physiology of a marine diatom, Cocconeis scutellum var. parva (Bacillariophyceae): 2. production of antioxidants and other bioactive compounds","authors":"Domenico Nuzzo ,&nbsp;Valerio Zupo ,&nbsp;Roberta Esposito ,&nbsp;Emanuele Somma ,&nbsp;Crescenzo Savarese ,&nbsp;Simona Carfagna ,&nbsp;Giovanna Salbitani ,&nbsp;Simona Panunzi ,&nbsp;Marcello Pompa ,&nbsp;Andrea De Gaetano ,&nbsp;Antonella Girgenti ,&nbsp;Laura Palumbo ,&nbsp;Pasquale Picone ,&nbsp;Maria Costantini","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diatoms are microalgae showing a remarkable functional diversity, but their chemical composition is strongly influenced by environmental factors. Knowledge of benthic diatom physiology remains limited compared to planktonic taxa. Light and temperature are key environmental cues affecting biochemical pathways, suggesting that bioactive compound production may vary under different conditions. This study investigated the influence of four light spectra on the growth and secondary metabolite production of the benthic diatom <em>Cocconeis scutellum</em> var. <em>parva</em>. Led lamps demonstrated to be quite efficient in terms of biomass productivity, promoting a significantly higher biomass production with lower energy consumption. Extracts from cultures were characterized and evaluated for cytotoxicity on human cell lines, antioxidant activity, and radical scavenging capacity. Our results revealed marked differences in bioactivity depending on the light spectrum, with neon lamps and one LED system, rich in red light, promoting the highest biological activity. These findings demonstrate that optimizing light conditions is crucial for enhancing the quality of diatom-derived bioactive compounds. Spectral modulation under constant irradiance specifically altered antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities, highlighting the biotechnological potential of <em>C. scutellum</em> var. <em>parva</em> for medical, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, and aquaculture applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multigenerational effects of selected environmental contaminants in fishes: A comprehensive review","authors":"Md Helal Uddin ,&nbsp;Jinnath Rehana Ritu ,&nbsp;Som Niyogi ,&nbsp;Douglas P. Chivers","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2026.110453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pervasive presence of environmental contaminants in aquatic ecosystems has raised significant concerns regarding their long-term impacts on aquatic organisms, particularly fishes. While ecotoxicological studies have traditionally focused on single-generation or single-life-stage exposures, such approaches may underestimate or overestimate population-level consequences. This review critically evaluates the current state of knowledge on the multigenerational effects of both traditional and emerging contaminants in fishes. The study includes five major contaminant groups: pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), metals and metalloids, microplastics and plasticizers, and <em>per</em>- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). Most multigenerational studies have been conducted on freshwater species, including <em>Danio rerio</em>, <em>Oryzias latipes</em>, <em>Oryzias melastigma</em>, <em>Oncorhynchus mykiss</em>, <em>Menidia beryllina</em>, <em>Nothobranchius furzeri</em>, <em>Pimephales promelas</em>, and <em>Paramisgurnus dabryanus</em>, highlighting a substantial research gap in marine fish species. Findings consistently reveal that multigenerational exposure to these contaminants can lead to developmental, behavioural, reproductive, and neurodevelopmental impairments, which may reduce reproductive success, population growth, and overall fitness. Moreover, emerging evidence points to epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation and histone alterations, as potential mechanisms underlying these multigenerational effects. Notably, our review identifies considerable variability across studies, with some contaminants exhibiting pronounced multigenerational toxicity, while others show limited or inconsistent outcomes. Given the increasing global concern over aquatic pollution and its far-reaching effects on biodiversity, food security, and public health, this review underscores the urgent need to integrate multigenerational endpoints into ecological risk assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: Synergistic effects of environmental pollutants: Multiple stressors driving the transmission of vector-borne diseases and the vicious cycle","authors":"Tingting Liu ,&nbsp;Jia Wang ,&nbsp;Minghao Yu ,&nbsp;Yining Li ,&nbsp;Huan Lin ,&nbsp;Dan Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaolu Shi ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cbpc.2025.110442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review systematically examines the mechanisms through which multiple environmental pollutants-including microplastics, heavy metals, atmospheric particulates, pesticide residues, water eutrophication, and artificial light at night-synergistically exacerbate the transmission risk of mosquito-borne diseases. A conceptual framework of the “pollution - resistance - transmission” vicious cycle is proposed, illustrating how pollutants not only directly impair mosquito physiology and drive the evolution of insecticide resistance but also systematically enhance pathogen transmission efficiency by reshaping vector-host-environment interactions, altering host behavior, compromising immune function, and extending mosquito activity periods. Interactions among pollutants, such as the role of microplastics as “Trojan horses” that carry other contaminants, further amplify ecological and health risks through combined exposure. The review also highlights species-specific and context-dependent variations in responses, identifies key research bottlenecks, and proposes multi-level intervention strategies integrating technological innovation with systematic governance-encompassing source control, process interruption, and ecological restoration-to provide a scientific basis for harmonizing public health and ecological security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10602,"journal":{"name":"Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C-toxicology & Pharmacology","volume":"302 ","pages":"Article 110442"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}