Ecological Monographs最新文献

{"title":"Climate-mediated population dynamics of a migratory songbird differ between the trailing edge and range core","authors":"William B. Lewis,&nbsp;Robert J. Cooper,&nbsp;Richard B. Chandler,&nbsp;Ryan W. Chitwood,&nbsp;Mason H. Cline,&nbsp;Michael T. Hallworth,&nbsp;Joanna L. Hatt,&nbsp;Jeff Hepinstall-Cymerman,&nbsp;Sara A. Kaiser,&nbsp;Nicholas L. Rodenhouse,&nbsp;T. Scott Sillett,&nbsp;Kirk W. Stodola,&nbsp;Michael S. Webster,&nbsp;Richard T. Holmes","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1559","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1559","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the demographic drivers of range contractions is important for predicting species' responses to climate change; however, few studies have examined the effects of climate change on survival and recruitment across species' ranges. We show that climate change can drive trailing edge range contractions through the effects on apparent survival, and potentially recruitment, in a migratory songbird. We assessed the demographic drivers of trailing edge range contractions using a long-term demography dataset for the black-throated blue warbler (<i>Setophaga caerulescens</i>) collected across elevational climate gradients at the trailing edge and core of the breeding range. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the effect of climate change on apparent survival and recruitment and to forecast population viability at study plots through 2040. The trailing edge population at the low-elevation plot became locally extinct by 2017. The local population at the mid-elevation plot at the trailing edge gradually declined and is predicted to become extirpated by 2040. Population declines were associated with warming temperatures at the mid-elevation plot, although results were more equivocal at the low-elevation plot where we had fewer years of data. Population density was stable or increasing at the range core, although warming temperatures are predicted to cause population declines by 2040 at the low-elevation plot. This result suggests that even populations within the geographic core of the range are vulnerable to climate change. The demographic drivers of local population declines varied between study plots, but warming temperatures were frequently associated with declining rates of population growth and apparent survival. Declining apparent survival in our study system is likely to be associated with increased adult emigration away from poor-quality habitats. Our results suggest that demographic responses to warming temperatures are complex and dependent on local conditions and geographic range position, but spatial variation in population declines is consistent with the climate-mediated range shift hypothesis. Local populations of black-throated blue warblers near the warm-edge range boundary at low latitudes and low elevations are likely to be the most vulnerable to climate change, potentially leading to local extirpation and range contractions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1559","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9642160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable pollination service in a generalist high Arctic community despite the warming climate","authors":"Alyssa R. Cirtwill,&nbsp;Riikka Kaartinen,&nbsp;Claus Rasmussen,&nbsp;Deanne Redr,&nbsp;Helena Wirta,&nbsp;Jens M. Olesen,&nbsp;Mikko Tiusanen,&nbsp;Gavin Ballantyne,&nbsp;Helen Cunnold,&nbsp;Graham N. Stone,&nbsp;Niels Martin Schmidt,&nbsp;Tomas Roslin","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1551","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1551","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Insects provide key pollination services in most terrestrial biomes, but this service depends on a multistep interaction between insect and plant. An insect needs to visit a flower, receive pollen from the anthers, move to another conspecific flower, and finally deposit the pollen on a receptive stigma. Each of these steps may be affected by climate change, and focusing on only one of them (e.g., flower visitation) may miss important signals of change in service provision. In this study, we combine data on visitation, pollen transport, and single-visit pollen deposition to estimate functional outcomes in the high Arctic plant-pollinator network of Zackenberg, Northeast Greenland, a model system for global warming–associated impacts in pollination services. Over two decades of rapid climate warming, we sampled the network repeatedly: in 1996, 1997, 2010, 2011, and 2016. Although the flowering plant and insect communities and their interactions varied substantially between years, as expected based on highly variable Arctic weather, there was no detectable directional change in either the structure of flower-visitor networks or estimated pollen deposition. For flower-visitor networks compiled over a single week, species phenologies caused major within-year variation in network structure despite consistency across years. Weekly networks for the middle of the flowering season emerged as especially important because most pollination service can be expected to be provided by these large, highly nested networks. Our findings suggest that pollination ecosystem service in the high Arctic is remarkably resilient. This resilience may reflect the plasticity of Arctic biota as an adaptation to extreme and unpredictable weather. However, most pollination service was contributed by relatively few fly taxa (Diptera: <i>Spilogona sanctipauli</i> and <i>Drymeia segnis</i> [Muscidae] and species of <i>Rhamphomyia</i> [Empididae]). If these key pollinators are negatively affected by climate change, network structure and the pollination service that depends on it would be seriously compromised.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ecm.1551","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9272825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal dynamics of range expander and congeneric native plant responses during and after extreme drought events","authors":"Qiang Yang,&nbsp;G. F. (Ciska) Veen,&nbsp;Roel Wagenaar,&nbsp;Marta Manrubia,&nbsp;Freddy C. ten Hooven,&nbsp;Wim H. van der Putten","doi":"10.1002/ecm.1529","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ecm.1529","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change is causing range shifts of many species to higher latitudes and altitudes and increasing their exposure to extreme weather events. It has been shown that range-shifting plant species may perform differently in new soil than related natives; however, little is known about how extreme weather events affect range-expanding plants compared to related natives. In this study we used outdoor mesocosms to study how range-expanding plant species responded to extreme drought in live soil from a habitat in a new range with and without live soil from a habitat in the original range (Hungary). During summer drought, the shoot biomass of the range-expanding plant community declined. In spite of this, in the mixed community, range expanders produced more shoot biomass than congeneric natives. In mesocosms with a history of range expanders in the previous year, native plants produced less biomass. Plant legacy or soil origin effects did not change the response of natives or range expanders to summer drought. During rewetting, range expanders had less biomass than congeneric natives but higher drought resilience (survival) in soils from the new range where in the previous year native plant species had grown. The biomass patterns of the mixed plant communities were dominated by <i>Centaurea</i> spp.; however, not all plant species within the groups of natives and of range expanders showed the general pattern. Drought reduced the litter decomposition, microbial biomass, and abundances of bacterivorous, fungivorous, and carnivorous nematodes. Their abundances recovered during rewetting. There was less microbial and fungal biomass, and there were fewer fungivorous nematodes in soils from the original range where range expanders had grown in the previous year. We concluded that in mixed plant communities of range expanders and congeneric natives, range expanders performed better, under both ambient and drought conditions, than congeneric natives. However, when considering the responses of individual species, we observed variations among pairs of congenerics, so that under the present mixed-community conditions there was no uniformity in responses to drought of range expanders versus congeneric natives. Range-expanding plant species reduced soil fungal biomass and the numbers of soil fungivorous nematodes, suggesting that the effects of range-expanding plant species can trickle up in the soil food web.</p>","PeriodicalId":11505,"journal":{"name":"Ecological Monographs","volume":"92 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/64/a6/ECM-92-e1529.PMC9787952.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10817433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}