PeerJ最新文献

{"title":"Identification and validation of autophagy-related genes in Hirschsprung's disease.","authors":"Ting Yao, Zenghui Hao, Wei Fan, Jinbao Han, Shuyu Wang, Zaiqun Jiang, Yunting Wang, Xiao Qian Yang, Zhilin Xu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18376","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18376","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital disorder characterized by aganglionosis in the intermuscular and submucosal nerve plexuses of the gut, leading to impaired gastrointestinal function. Although the precise cause and pathophysiology of HSCR remain elusive, increasing evidence points to a significant role of autophagy in its development, warranting further investigation into its underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized publicly available microarray expression profiling datasets, GSE96854 and GSE98502, from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). The R software (version 4.2.0) was employed to identify autophagy-related genes potentially showing differential expression in HSCR. Subsequent analyses included correlation analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis using the STRING database (version 11.0) and Cytoscape software (version 3.8.2). Ultimately, HSCR samples were used to verify the mRNA levels of important genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in a laboratory setting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We have discovered 20 genes that are involved in autophagy and show variable expression. Among these genes, 15 are up-regulated and five are down-regulated. The enrichment analysis using the GO and KEGG pathways revealed a notable enrichment in pathways related to the control of autophagy. Nine hub genes were found <i>via</i> the investigation of the PPI network constructed from STRING database and module analysis using Cytoscape. Moreover, the concordance between SIRT1 expression in the HSCR model and the bioinformatics analysis of mRNA chip findings was validated using qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Utilizing bioinformatics analysis, we identified 20 potential genes associated with Hirschsprung's disease that play a role in autophagy. Notably, the upregulation of SIRT1 may profoundly influence the progression of HSCR by regulating autophagy-related pathways, offering a novel perspective on the disease's pathogenesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531261/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on V delta 1⁺ T cells and their effect on pathogen infection.","authors":"Yuxia Li, Yanfei Liu, Xiaoxiao Bu, Yuanyuan Qin, Yanyan Zhang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18313","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The ongoing high occurrence of harmful infectious diseases significantly threatens human health. Existing methods used to control such diseases primarily involve targeting the pathogens, usually neglecting the vital role of host factors in disease advancement. Gamma delta (γδ) T cells act as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, playing a crucial role in combating pathogen invasion. Among these γδT cell subsets, which are categorized based on T cell receptor delta variable expression patterns, V delta (δ) 1⁺ T cells possess unique recognition abilities and regulatory characteristics and actively engage in various immune responses. The differentiation, development, and immune reactivity of Vδ1⁺ T cells are closely associated with the initial and progressive stages of infectious diseases. This article provides an overview of the classification, distribution, differentiation, and development of Vδ1⁺ T cells and their mechanisms in combating pathogenic infections, offering new insights for disease diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531252/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using vessels of opportunity for determining important habitats of bottlenose dolphins in Port Phillip Bay, south-eastern Australia.","authors":"Maddison J Ledwidge, Jacquomo Monk, Suzanne J Mason, John P Y Arnould","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18400","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding species' critical habitat requirements is crucial for effective conservation and management. However, such information can be challenging to obtain, particularly for highly mobile, wide-ranging species such as cetaceans. In the absence of systematic surveys, alternative economically viable methods are needed, such as the use of data collected from platforms of opportunity, and modelling techniques to predict species distribution in un-surveyed areas. The present study used data collected by ecotourism and other vessels of opportunity to investigate important habitats of a small, poorly studied population of bottlenose dolphins in Port Phillip Bay, south-eastern Australia. Using 16 years of dolphin sighting location data, an ensemble habitat suitability model was built from which physical factors influencing dolphin distribution were identified. Results indicated that important habitats were those areas close to shipping channels and coastlines with these factors primarily influencing the variation in the likelihood of dolphin presence. The relatively good performance of the ensemble model suggests that simple presence-background data may be sufficient for predicting the species distribution where sighting data are limited. However, additional data from the center of Port Phillip Bay is required to further support this contention. Important habitat features identified in the study are likely to relate to favorable foraging conditions for dolphins as they are known to provide feeding, breeding, and spawning habitat for a diverse range of fish and cephalopod prey species. The results of the present study highlight the importance of affordable community-based data collection, such as ecotourism vessels, for obtaining information critical for effective management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531264/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The critical need for child and youth perceptions of active living in India: capturing context complexity in rural and urban regions.","authors":"Tarun Reddy Katapally, Jamin Patel, Anuradha Khadilkar, Jasmin Bhawra","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18350","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The physical inactivity pandemic not only has a negative impact on the physical and mental health of children and youth, but it is also a key contributor to the non-communicable disease (NCD) burden, particularly among low- and middle-income countries. The widespread effects of climate change, ranging from extreme weather events to worsening air quality, are exacerbating the physical inactivity pandemic, highlighting the need to undertake holistic interventions to address environmental barriers while promoting physical activity. Despite the potential benefits of active school transportation (AST) on physical activity and the environment, no study has examined the intersection between perceptions of AST, environmental perceptions, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among children and youth in India from a child and youth perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As a part of this cross-sectional, observational study, digital survey links were administered to 1,042 children and youth aged 5 to 17 (50.3% boys; 49.7% girls). Participants were recruited from 41 schools across 28 rural and urban regions in India. Children and youth provided information on various sociodemographic factors, perceptions of crime and air pollution, and peer support factors. MVPA data were collected using an adapted version of the IPAQ short-form questionnaire. The overall sample was stratified by age, gender, and location, resulting in a total of seven multiple linear regression models to assess the association between AST and MVPA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children and youth who engaged in AST were associated with higher MVPA than those who did not engage in AST (<i>β</i> = 18.020, 95% CI [5.890 to 30.149], <i>p</i> = 0.004), after adjusting for age, gender, and location. In contrast, perceptions of high crime in the neighbourhood (<i>β</i> =  - 21.921, CI [-36.195 to -7.647], <i>p</i> = 0.003) and perceptions of air pollution (<i>β</i> =  - 12.472, CI [-23.797 to -1.147], <i>p</i> = 0.031) were associated with lower MVPA. Moreover, having active friends was associated with higher MVPA (<i>β</i> = 32.391, CI [9.264 to 55.518], <i>p</i> = 0.006) than not having active friends. AST was significantly associated with higher MVPA in the boys, rural, and aged 13 to 17 models; however, this association was not statistically significant in the girls, urban, and aged 5 to 12 models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings highlight that promoting AST can potentially promote MVPA and contribute to mitigating the NCD burden among children and youth in India. Future policies and interventions should prioritize initiatives that promote AST, considering diverse sociodemographic factors, and addressing environmental challenges such as perceptions of crime and air pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531262/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in cardiovascular disease mortality between northern and southern China under exposure to different temperatures: a systematic review.","authors":"Guangyu Zhai, Ziqing Jiang, Wenjuan Zhou","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18355","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Due to differences in climate and other environmental factors, exposure to different temperatures in China has different effects on the relative risk (RR) of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. It is therefore important to compare the effects of exposure to different temperatures on CVD mortality in different regions of China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To compare these effects, we performed a meta-analysis of 21 studies identified by a search of the Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases from January 1, 2014 to January 1, 2024. We performed the Cochran <i>Q</i> test and <i>I</i> ² statistics test to evaluate heterogeneity and Egger's test to evaluate publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled estimated size of the relationship between exposure to different temperatures and CVD mortality was 1.60 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.42-1.80]) for the extreme cold, 1.17 (95% CI [1.10-1.25]) for the extreme heat, and 1.16 (95% CI [1.10-1.24]) for extremely high diurnal temperature range (DTR). The Egger's test showed potential publication bias in studies analyzing both the extreme cold and the extreme heat.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Extreme cold, extreme heat, and extremely high DTR are associated with an increase in CVD mortality in China, with extreme cold having the most significant effect. Residents of northern regions are more susceptible to high temperatures, while residents of southern regions are more sensitive to low temperatures.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531265/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and internal and external validation of a nomogram model for predicting the risk of chronic kidney disease progression in IgA nephropathy patients.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Zhixin Wang, Wenwu Tang, Xinzhu Yuan, Xisheng Xie","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18416","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerular disease in chronic kidney disease (CKD), exhibiting significant heterogeneity in both clinical and pathological presentations. We aimed to explore the risk factors influencing short-term prognosis (≥90 days) and to construct a nomogram model for evaluating the risk of CKD progression in IgAN patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Clinical and pathological data of patients diagnosed with IgAN through biopsy at two centers were retrospectively collected. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the training cohort dataset and identify the independent predictors to construct a nomogram model based on the final variables. The predictive model was validated both internally and externally, with its performance assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the patients in the modeling group, 129 individuals (41.6%) did not achieve remission following 3 months of treatment, indicating a high risk of CKD progression. A multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that body mass index, urinary protein excretion, and tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis were identified as independent predictors for risk stratification. A nomogram model was formulated utilizing the final variables. The AUCs for the training set, internal validation set, and external validation set were 0.746 (95% confidence intervals (CI) [0.691-0.8]), 0.764 (95% CI [0.68-0.85]), and 0.749 (95% CI [0.65-0.85]), respectively. The validation of the subgroup analysis also demonstrated a satisfactory AUC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study developed and validated a practical nomogram that can individually predict short-term treatment outcomes (≥90 days) and the risk of CKD progression in IgAN patients. It provides reliable guidance for timely and personalized intervention and treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinematic differences between female national and provincial athletes in the tennis serve.","authors":"Yan Chen, Tianyang Wang, Yuyan Zhao, Genghao Zhan, Yinchao Tang, Zefeng Wang","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18410","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18410","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Tennis, the second-largest ball game in the world, has a particularly wide audience. To date, little research has been conducted on the biomechanics of female serves.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose: &lt;/strong&gt;The purpose of this study was to capture the key moments by using 1,000 frames/s high-speed video analysis, to analyze the kinematics of the serving techniques of national athletes and provincial athletes, to determine the differences between the two levels of athletes, and to provide theoretical references for the improvement of scientific training level.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;Ten female athletes were selected as participants for this study, five of whom are national athletes, and the other are provincial athletes. Three-dimensional filming techniques were employed to capture videos of the first and second serve techniques. Simi Motion was applied to obtain the 3D kinematic data. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0, and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine differences between groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Significant differences in kinematics were found between national and provincial athletes. At the moment of the left knee's minimum flexion (T2), in the first serve, national athletes had a smaller shoulder-hip vertical plane angle (-18.281 ± 6.142° &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. -25.631 ± 3.497°; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047) and a larger hip vertical plane rotation angle (-9.378 ± 4.263° &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. -0.470 ± 4.724°; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047). In the second serve, national athletes had a smaller hip horizontal plane rotation angle (-1.720 ± 4.683° &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 24.146 ± 24.014°; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047) but a larger hip vertical plane rotation angle (-11.553 ± 1.949° &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. -0.422 ± 4.958°; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009). At the moment of impact (T4), in the second serve, national athletes' batting position (0.296 ± 0.088 m &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0.446 ± 0.094 m; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.047) was further back. Additionally, in the second serve, national athletes consistently had their body center of gravity further back at T2 (-0.106 ± 0.052 m &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. -0.018 ± 0.048 m; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.028), T3 (0.002 ± 0.038 m &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0.132 ± 0.039 m; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009), and T4 (0.073 ± 0.050 m &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;. 0.217 ± 0.034 m; &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.009).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The results of this study indicated several significant kinematic differences between national and provincial athletes, these variations were noted in the shoulder, hip, and body center of gravity. In summary, for the overall first and second serves, it is recommended that national athletes increase the horizontal plane angle of the shoulders and hips at T2, whereas provincial athletes decrease the horizontal plane angle of the shoulder-hip. In addition, provincial athletes need to increase the vertical plane angle of the hip joint, so that the top of the hip can be increased more, and provincial athletes need to be careful not to have the center of gravity too far in front of the","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of common and specific cold resistance pathways from cold tolerant and non-cold tolerant mango varieties.","authors":"Jian-Hua Wang, Xiaoyan Feng, Muhammad Aleem Ashraf, Yufeng Li, Yu Kong, Qiuliang Cai, Shuli Xian, Huixiang Yin, Nai-Tong Yu","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18431","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18431","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mango has frequently encountered severe climate and environmental challenges such as low temperatures, seriously affecting the sustainable development of the industry. In the study, physiological measurements showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) were found to be higher in Jinhuang (JH) mango plants than those of Tainong (TN) mango plants under cold stress, indicating cold tolerant (JH) and non-cold tolerant (TN) mango varieties were firstly determined. Subsequently, transcriptomics showed 8,337 and 7,996 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively identified in JH and TN mango varieties treated at 4 °C for 36 h, while more DEGs (10,683 and 10,723) were screened when treated at 4 °C for 72 h. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) of the selected DEGs confirmed their transcriptional levels displayed agreement to the transcriptome data. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses showed two primary cold resistant regulation pathways, photosynthesis-antenna proteins pathway and photosynthesis pathway, were both significant annotated in the two mango varieties, indicating share the common regulation mechanism response to cold stress. However, five specific cold resistant pathways, such as amino acid and carbohydrate metabolisms, were identified in JH mango variety with cold stress for longer duration, indicating the specific regulation pathways in the cold tolerant mango varieties. Furthermore, 43 ethylene-responsive transcription factors (ERFs) were significantly annotated in JH mango after cold-treated for 72 h comparing with the control group, and three of them ERF109-1, ERF017-1 and ERF017-2 were highly expressed, which may play important regulatory roles in plant cold resistance. These results provided insights into the primary and specific molecular mechanisms of different mango varieties resistance to chill.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of three weeks of integrative neuromuscular training on the athletic performance of elite female boxers.","authors":"Zhen Niu, Zijing Huang, Gan Zhao, Chao Chen","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18311","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the effects of integrative neuromuscular training (INT) on the athletic performance of elite female boxers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A before-and-after controlled experiment was conducted on 37 elite Chinese female boxers (Age: 26.00 ± 3.11 years). All included athletes have competed at the international level. The INT intervention was administered 11 times per week for 3 weeks. This training includes strength training, explosive training, core stability, agility exercises, high intensity intervals and sprint intervals. Basic physical fitness tests, including the deep squat and bench press one-repetition maximum (1RM), vertical long jump, 30 m sprint run, 400 m run, 3,000 m run, 1-minute hexagonal jump, and 3-minute double shake; as well as specialized striking ability tests, including single-punch striking and 10-second, 30-second, and 3-minute continuous punching, were conducted before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with pre-intervention baseline data, significant differences were found in the athletes' post-intervention baseline physical fitness, including squat and beach press (1RM), vertical jump, 30 m sprint run, 400 m run, 3,000 m run, 1-minute hexagonal jump, and 3-minute double shake (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, 10-second, 30-second, and 3-minute continuous punching were significantly different compared with pre-intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.05). However, no significant differences were found in single punch power (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 3-week INT can significantly improve the maximum strength, vertical explosive power, linear acceleration, agility, and continuous punching abilities of Chinese elite female boxers. The use of INT in physical training may enhance their athletic performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress and insomnia among healthcare professionals during COVID-19 in Africa: umbrella review of existing meta-analyses.","authors":"Aragaw Asfaw Hasen, Ahmed Adem Mohammed, Abubeker Alebachew Seid","doi":"10.7717/peerj.18108","DOIUrl":"10.7717/peerj.18108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In Africa, healthcare professionals experienced various mental health problems during COVID-19. However, very little was done on the extensive evidence regarding mental disorders. The purpose of this umbrella review is to provide comprehensive data on the prevalence of anxiety, depression, stress, and insomnia among healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic in Africa.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Systematic searches of databases African Journals Online, MedRxiv, PubMed, and Google Scholar were used to identify studies from the occurrence of COVID-19 from December 2019 to March 2023 were included. To pool the gathered data for results with a 95% confidence interval (CI), DerSimonian-Laird random effects meta-analysis was used. For heterogeneity examination, I² was used. The quality assessment was evaluated by using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of five studies reported the prevalence of depression, the pooled prevalence was 53.75% (95% CI [40.80-66.70], I² = 63.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.027). In a total of four studies, the pooled prevalence of anxiety was 49.97% (95% CI [34.71-65.23], I² = 71.26%, <i>p</i> = 0.014). From a total of two studies, the pooled prevalence of stress was 57.27% (95% CI [42.28-72.25], I² = 58.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.119). From a total of four studies, the pooled prevalence of insomnia was 45.16% (95% CI [32.94-57.39], I² = 50.8%, <i>p</i> = 0.107).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic highly affects the mental health of healthcare professionals in Africa. Stress, depression, anxiety, and insomnia symptoms were representing the most common based on evidences from existing meta-analyses. This evidence can help experts when executing specific interventions that address mental health problems among healthcare professionals during future public health crises.</p>","PeriodicalId":19799,"journal":{"name":"PeerJ","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}