Open Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Electroacupuncture-induced reduction of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via FTO-dependent m6A methylation modulation.","authors":"Ying-Hua Zou, En Zhou, Chen-Long Xie, Long Sun, Yu-Jiao Zhang, Chun-Chun Wang, Xing Li, Jun Guo","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1255","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1255","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the potential of electroacupuncture to mitigate myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) by influencing N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation through modulation of the fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An experimental murine model of MIRI was established by surgically occluding the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion. Electroacupuncture treatment targeting Neiguan acupoints was administered 7 days before ischemia induction. Cardiac function was evaluated using echocardiography, and myocardial infarction size was assessed through Evans Blue and triphenyltetrazolium chloride dual staining. To measure m6A methylation and mRNA expression of FTO and mediator complex subunit 1 (Med1), RNA immunoprecipitation and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were utilized. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the protein expression levels of Med1, Bcl-2, and Bax.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electroacupuncture pretreatment was associated with a reduction in myocardial injury, demonstrated by preserved ejection fraction and reduced infarct size. Enhanced FTO expression and decreased m6A methylation were observed in myocardial tissue following electroacupuncture treatment. Additionally, Med1 - a downstream target of m6A - exhibited decreased mRNA expression in the electroacupuncture-treated group, correlating with reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Electroacupuncture pretreatment may confer cardioprotective effects in MIRI by upregulating FTO, thereby modulating m6A methylation and reducing Med1 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251255"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CircASH1L-mediated tumor progression in triple-negative breast cancer: PI3K/AKT pathway mechanisms.","authors":"Haiyan Liu, Jiaming Wu, Jin Gong, Jing Zhu, Jie Liu, Xiaoqing Chen, Shaohua Qu, Jintao Chen, Zhisheng Zhou, Xulong Fan","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1261","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1261","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the impact of circASH1L on subcutaneous tumor growth in nude mice with triple-negative breast cancer via the PI3K/AKT pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted using bioinformatics and animal experimental verification methods. circASH1L levels in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) were analyzed using a dataset from the gene expression omnibus database. In the animal experiment part, nude mice were divided into shNC group, shcircASH1L-1 group, Oe-NC group, and Oe-circASH1L group. Each group was treated with corresponding circASH1L overexpression or knockdown and transplanted tumor modeling. Immunohistochemistry and western blot experiments were used to verify the effect of circASH1L on the growth of nude mouse transplanted tumors and the PI3K/AKT pathway.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 circRNAs were significantly associated with TNBC, among which circASH1L was significantly highly expressed in TNBC. circASH1L-1 negatively regulates tumor volume, mass, expression rate of Ki67 cells, and PI3K/AKT pathway marker proteins.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CircASH1L is a tumor promoter in TNBC. The expression level of circASH1L influences both the proliferation of TNBC cells and the growth of TNBC nude mice tumors by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemorrhoids and cardiovascular disease: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Xin Ge, Weixin Tang, Jingmin Ni","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1256","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence suggests that hemorrhoids are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the causal associations between hemorrhoids and CVD remain elusive. This study aimed to investigate potential causal links between hemorrhoids and various heart conditions, including arrhythmia, heart failure, myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, and coronary artery disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using summary statistics of hemorrhoids and CVD from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The MR analyses utilized inverse-variance weighted, weighted median, weighted mode, and MR-Egger methods. Sensitivity analyses included Cochran's <i>Q</i> test, MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO), and leave-one-out analysis. A radial MR analysis was performed after excluding outliers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genetically determined hemorrhoids did not exhibit a causal effect on arrhythmia (OR = 0.9998, <i>P</i> = 0.83), heart failure (OR = 0.94, <i>P</i> = 0.14), myocardial infarction (OR = 0.94, <i>P</i> = 0.27), atrial fibrillation (OR = 0.98, <i>P</i> = 0.55), or coronary artery disease (OR = 0.99, <i>P</i> = 0.84). The reverse analysis yielded similar results. Consistent results were observed with alternative MR methods, and the absence of significant heterogeneity was confirmed. The radial MR analyses support the conclusions in the forward and reverse analyses.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This bidirectional MR analysis did not find statistical causal association between hemorrhoids and CVD, suggesting the possibility of shared risk factors such as obesity and diet. Further prevention strategies for CVD could focus on the management of common risk factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251256"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413786/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing chronic back pain management: A comparative study of ultrasound-MRI fusion guidance for paravertebral nerve block.","authors":"Shuyao He, Yaona Xu, Bo Li, Ying Shi","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1147","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1147","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study examines the efficacy of ultrasound (US)-guided paravertebral nerve block (PVB) with and without MRI fusion for chronic back pain management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis of 20 patients, split into US-MRI fusion-guided (IF group, <i>n</i> = 10) and traditional US-guided (U group, <i>n</i> = 10) PVB, was conducted. Pain intensity, gabapentin dosage, procedure duration, and treatment efficacy were compared using numerical rating scale (NRS) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An hour after receiving treatment, the IF group showed a marked reduction in NRS scores (2.2 ± 0.9), significantly lower than those observed in the U group (2.5 ± 1.0; <i>p</i> < 0.05). Nonetheless, the difference in average NRS scores between the groups was not statistically significant 7 days post-treatment (IF group, 3.5 ± 0.8; U group, 3.4 ± 1.3; <i>p</i> > 0.05). The U group reported four instances of transient dizziness and diminished limb muscle strength, lasting between 30 and 90 min, which naturally resolved without intervention. No significant adverse effects were noted in the IF group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Integrating US with MRI for PVB guidance emerges as a groundbreaking and efficacious strategy in chronic back pain treatment, showcasing significant improvements in safety and initial pain alleviation compared to the conventional use of US guidance alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251147"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12413793/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145015922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovery of lipid metabolism-related diagnostic biomarkers and construction of diagnostic model in steroid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head.","authors":"Bin Zuo, Zhanchao Wang, Hua Lu, Hao Shen","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1145","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1145","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to identify candidate diagnostic biomarkers for steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH). Two datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus for analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and lipid scores in SONFH and control groups and a weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Overlap between genes in the disease-related module, DEGs, and lipid metabolism-related genes was evaluated to obtain lipid metabolism-related DEGs. A diagnostic model was constructed and evaluated using a nomogram analysis and calibration curves. Correlations between immune cells and lipid metabolism-related DEGs in the model were evaluated. In total, 1,724 DEGs were screened between the SONFH and control groups. Seven SONFH-related modules and 18 lipid metabolism-related DEGs were identified. A total of six optimized genes, <i>CDK8</i>, <i>CHPT1</i>, <i>DPEP3</i>, <i>ORMDL3</i>, <i>PIP5K1B</i>, and <i>PPT2</i>, were obtained. A model based on these genes had good diagnostic performance for SONFH in GSE123568 and GSE74089. The six genes were significantly related to two immune cell subsets, myeloid dendritic cell activated and neutrophil. These six genes may be novel biomarkers for SONFH and the combination is a potential diagnostic signature.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251145"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> in pregnancy: A systematic review for the laboratory detection.","authors":"Valentina Arsić Arsenijević, Vladimir Gerginić, Biljana Miličić, Aleksandar Jurišić, Ljubomir Petričević","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1197","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Group B <i>Streptococcus</i> (GBS) is important since almost 1/3 of pregnant women are colonized with GBS, and as much as 50% passes to the newborns, sometimes resulting in severe neonatal infections; that is why there are mandatory guidelines for antepartum screening for GBS vaginal/rectal colonization. Also, bacteria other than GBS and yeasts may affect newborns; therefore, an increase in the current knowledge and improving the guidelines related to the prediction and prevention of neonatal early-onset infections are needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was performed to investigate risks, types of specimens, sampling methods, media for GBS recovery, identification tests, gestation week for testing, GBS prevalence, sensitivity, specificity, turnover time for cultures, antigen, and molecular-based tests. A literature search was conducted through the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20 studies were identified with 10,288 patients and 1,334 GBS positive (13%). Eight studies were performed in adequate gestation week and revealed prevalence from 0.2 to 20.8% (conventional tests) and 37 to 45% (molecular tests). In only three studies, vaginal/rectal swab recommended by guidelines was applied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The heterogeneity of the detection and identification of GBS reduces the scientific and clinical utility of laboratory-based data, and universal antepartum screening with affordable, high-sensitivity traditional tests is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355363/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of the differential expressions of RANK, RANKL, and OPG with obesity in the elderly population in Xinjiang.","authors":"Jinling Liu, Wenwen Xiao, Buluhan Halan, Aishanjiang Wumaer, Zhuoya Maimaitiwusiman, Saiyare Xuekelati, Tajiguli Musha, Xue Bai, Hongmei Wang","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1196","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity has been recognized as a global epidemic and public health crisis. The prevalence of obesity has tripled since 1975, especially in the elderly population. Accumulating preclinical and clinical studies have confirmed that chronic low-grade inflammation of adipose tissues is mechanistically related to metabolic diseases and tissue complications in overweight and obesity patients, as a result of the intricate interplay of various pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling cascades. The present study aims to explore the differential expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), RANK ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in leukocytes of elderly obesity patients in Xinjiang, thereby providing new physiological, cellular, and molecular targets for the treatment of obesity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 40 obesity patients and 40 non-obesity patients were selected. The protein and gene expression levels of RANK, RANKL, and OPG in peripheral blood were detected by western blotting and real-time quantitative PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in the expression levels of RANK protein, OPG protein, and OPG gene between the obesity group and non-obesity group (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The relative expression levels of the RANK gene and RANKL protein and gene were significantly different between the obesity group and non-obesity group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The differential expressions of the RANK gene, RANKL protein and gene, and the OPG protein in leukocytes had a significant correlation with obesity in the elderly population (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expressions of the RANKL protein and gene and RANK gene in leukocytes of elderly obesity patients in Xinjiang were higher than those of non-obesity patients. In the elderly obesity patients in Xinjiang, the abdominal circumference was correlated with the expressions of the RANK gene, RANKL protein and gene, and OPG protein in leukocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355355/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prognostic model correlated with fatty acid metabolism in Ewing's sarcoma based on bioinformatics analysis.","authors":"Xianwei Chen, Yuqi Yang, Dongqi Li, En Ye, Bingjian He, Mingshu Yu, Jiankai Luo, Jing Zhang","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1238","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ewing's sarcoma (EWS) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that originates from bone or soft tissue. To date, there is no established prognostic model for EWS tumor. This study aims to identify prognostic genes and develop a predictive model associated with fatty acid metabolism in EWS using bioinformatics analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed the GSE17679 dataset and identified 25 differentially expressed genes related to fatty acid metabolism in EWS. A risk model composed of ACADM, ADH5, ACSL1, ELOVL4, ECI1, PPT1, and ACOT7 gene signatures was constructed. The AUC values at 3 and 5 years were both ≥0.7, indicating good predictive accuracy. GSVA analysis revealed significant differences in fatty acid metabolism pathway enrichment between high- and low-risk groups. Differential genes were primarily enriched in pathways such as fatty acid oxidation, lipid oxidation, lipid modification, and fatty acid degradation. Immune infiltration analysis showed significant differences in memory B cells, activated NK cells, and neutrophils between the two groups. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the expression of immune checkpoints such as HAVCR2 and LDHB. Immunohistochemistry and survival analysis further demonstrated that the expression of PPT1 and ACOT7 proteins was associated with the progression-free survival of EWS patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We successfully constructed a prognostic model for EWS related to fatty acid metabolism genes. PPT1 and ACOT7 may serve as promising predictors for EWS prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355353/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PI3K/Akt pathway and neuroinflammation in sepsis-associated encephalopathy.","authors":"Yang Guo, Yonghao Yu","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1248","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a complex neurological complication of sepsis involving activation of microglia in the central nervous system (CNS), blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, neurotransmitter dysfunction, impaired brain metabolism, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Neuroinflammation is a critical component of the pathogenesis. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway, as a key intracellular signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in regulating neuroinflammation, maintaining the integrity of the BBB, and promoting neuronal cell survival.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to summarize the role of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SAE-associated neuroinflammation and highlights potential therapeutic targets and strategies for its management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically reviewed recent basic and clinical studies on PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in neuroinflammation associated with SAE, as well as the development of pathway-specific agonists and inhibitors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PI3K/Akt pathway serves as a crucial intracellular signaling axis involved in the regulation of neuroinflammatory processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that targeted modulation of this pathway may alleviate neuroinflammation associated with SAE and enhance neurological recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Targeting the PI3K/Akt pathway represents a promising therapeutic approach for SAE. Advances in the development of specific agonists and inhibitors provide new opportunities for clinical translation and drug discovery in neuroinflammatory conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251248"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355369/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser excision of a large granular cell tumor of the vocal cord with subglottic extension: A case report.","authors":"Manal Bukhari","doi":"10.1515/med-2025-1250","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2025-1250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are rare, benign tumors typically originating from Schwann cells, with the head and neck being the most common sites. Laryngeal GCTs, particularly those affecting the vocal cords, are exceedingly rare in adults. This report presents a 28-year-old female with a GCT of the left vocal cord extending into the subglottic region. The patient presented with progressive dysphonia, and laryngoscopy revealed a 2 cm × 1 cm mass on the left vocal cord. Microlaryngeal examination confirmed subglottic extension, and the tumor was excised using carbon dioxide (CO₂) laser. Histopathological analysis confirmed GCT with S100 positivity. Two months later, the patient developed a late complication - granuloma formation at the excision site - necessitating revision surgery. The patient was symptom-free at the 12-month follow-up. GCTs in the vocal cords with subglottic extension are rare and challenging to diagnose and treat. They are generally benign lesions and rarely undergo malignant transformation. Diagnosis is confirmed through histology, and treatment involves wide local excision, with re-excision needed for recurrence. GCTs are chemo- and radio-insensitive, making surgery the primary treatment. This case underscores the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment, highlighting the need for further research on this rare condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"20 1","pages":"20251250"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12355354/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144874423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}