Open Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Predictors of surgical site infection/fracture related infection after open tibial fracture.","authors":"Yabin Liu, Guoqi Ji, Chengkuo Cai, Hengsheng Shu","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1493","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To develop and internally validate leakage-robust landmark models to estimate 12-month fracture-related infection (FRI) risk after open tibial fracture at admission and postoperative day 3 (POD3).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this single-center retrospective cohort, adults with open tibial fractures treated with limb salvage between January 2023 and June 2024 were included. Definite 12-month FRI was adjudicated using the international FRI consensus definition. Two landmark models were prespecified: admission and postoperative day 3 (POD3). Predictors included injury severity, contamination, host and physiologic factors, antibiotic timing, and, at POD3, early clinical course, routine laboratory results, debridement timing, and soft-tissue coverage status. Elastic net-penalized logistic regression with restricted cubic splines was used. Missing data were addressed with multiple imputation nested within 1,000-bootstrap internal validation. Performance was assessed by AUC, Brier score, calibration, and decision curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 913 patients, 125 (13.7 %) developed FRI. The admission model achieved an AUC of 0.77 and Brier score of 0.097. The POD3 model improved performance (AUC 0.82; Brier 0.089) and showed slightly greater net benefit across 5-25 % thresholds.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Landmark models provided internally validated 12-month FRI risk estimates at admission and POD3, with modest improvement after POD3 updating. External validation and recalibration are required to evaluate its potential clinical deployment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261493"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533289/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global burden of maternal sepsis and other maternal infections from 1990 to 2021, with projections to 2050: risk factors and trends.","authors":"Na Li, Linzi Lei, Xiyang Wang, Qingchen Cui, Xiaolei Ji, Shuai Deng, Jianhua Yu, Youzhu Li","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1443","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Maternal sepsis and other maternal infections (MSMI) account for approximately 10.7 % of maternal deaths globally with a significant burden persisting in low-income and middle-income countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using GBD 2021 data, this ecological analysis extracted incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years(DALYs), and their age-standardized rates(ASR) of MSMI globally, across 21 GBD regions, 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Locally weighted regression and Spearman correlation were used to evaluate associations between MSMI burden and Socio-demographic Index(SDI). Attributable risk burdens were estimated using the GBD comparative risk assessment framework, and the autoregressive integrated moving average(ARIMA) model projected temporal trends.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, substantial regional disparities persisted. Low-SDI regions had persistently high burden with slow declines, while high-SDI regions showed low burden converging toward negligible levels. Burden was inversely associated with SDI, peaking in the 20-29 age group. ARIMA projections indicated continued decline in incidence and DALYs, but mortality trends remain uncertain. Maternal malnutrition and iron deficiency were major contributors in low-SDI regions, while behavioral factors played a limited role in high-SDI regions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although global MSMI burden is declining, low-income and low-middle income regions still carry a disproportionately high disease burden. Overall, strengthening early identification, standardized treatment, infection prevention and control, and nutritional interventions remain critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261443"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533285/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and experimental study on the cooling time of a single device after sterilization based on a zero-dimensional heat transfer model.","authors":"Zhili Liu, Haiyi Yang, Xiaoxuan Chen, Huamei Ye, Yuewei Wang","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1505","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1505","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To establish a zero-dimensional heat-transfer model for an isolated single-sealed 316 stainless-steel cylindrical device after pressure-steam sterilization and to evaluate whether the 30-min cooling time required by national standards provides an adequate safety margin under controlled conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ambient conditions of the sterile-material storage area were used as boundary conditions. Biot number analysis was used to confirm applicability of the lumped-capacitance model, and the governing equation was derived from Newton's law of cooling. Six 316 stainless-steel rods (diameter 4.5 mm, length 200 mm) were heated and cooled at 24 °C and 50 % relative humidity. Temperature was recorded every 5 s for 1,800 s, and each sample was tested three times. Cooling data were fitted with an exponential function in OriginPro.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The unadjusted theoretical model with h=5 W/(mˆ2 K) predicted 36.6 °C at 30 min, whereas the experimental fit approached ambient temperature and reached 24.6 °C. The fitted parameters were A=74.74 (95 % CI, 74.45-75.03), B=0.00402 sˆ-1 (95 % CI, 0.00399-0.00405), and C=24.56 °C (95 % CI, 24.53-24.59), with Rˆ2=0.9987 and a root mean squared residual of about 0.52 °C. The unadjusted theoretical curve is therefore a conservative reference rather than a point-accurate predictor.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For the tested simplified single device, cooling followed an exponential pattern, reached body-temperature level within about 7-8 min, and approached room temperature within about 16-20 min. The 30-min rule provides an adequate margin for this bounded scenario, but the findings should not be generalized to complex instruments, packages, multiple loads, or variable airflow conditions without further validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13533286/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148875786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study of acute kidney injury caused by isotonic and low-osmolar iodinated contrast media in patients with renal insufficiency.","authors":"Ya Li, Yan Wang, Mengqi Hao, Hua Ling, Ling Hu, Jian Liu, Han Zhou, Zhengkai Zhao","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1472","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the incidence and severity of contrast-induced acute kidney injury(PC-AKI) cause by isotonic and low-osmolar iodinated contrast media of patients with renal insufficiency undergoing intravenous administration.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected the patients diagnosed with confirmed renal insufficiency after January 1, 2022, and they were scheduled for enhanced CT examination. Then these patients were randomly divided into the isotonic contrast agent Iodixanol group, the hypertonic contrast agent Ioversol group, Iohexol group, Iomeprol group and Iopromide group. After hospitalization, these patients were routinely checked for renal function and calculated glomerular filtration rate. Finally, these patients underwent renal function examination again within 48-72 h and the glomerular filtration rates were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were statistical differences in age and cystatin C among the groups. However, it was no significant difference in serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate before CT enhancement and serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate, uric acid and urea after CT enhancement in each group. For patients with renal insufficiency, the incidence of PC-AKI caused by isotonic contrast agents and multiple hypertonic contrast agents was 0-4.3 %, and there was no statistical difference in the incidence of PC-AKI among the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Isotonic contrast agent and hypertonic contrast agent all have good renal safety in people with renal insufficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261472"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13524129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose-to-albumin ratio and mortality in ICU patients with acute pancreatitis.","authors":"Qingqing Xiao, Siwen Wu","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1511","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1511","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Acute pancreatitis (AP) carries a high mortality risk in ICU patients. The glucose-to-albumin ratio (GAR), reflecting metabolic stress and albumin status, may serve as a simple prognostic marker. This study evaluated the association between GAR and mortality in ICU patients with AP.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 754 ICU patients with AP from the MIMIC-IV database were analyzed. Patients were divided into quartiles based on GAR. Multivariable Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Boruta algorithm, and machine learning models were used to assess the relationship between GAR and 30-day and 90-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Elevated GAR was independently associated with increased mortality risk. For 30-day mortality, GAR had the highest AUC (0.69) compared to albumin, SOFA, and glucose. Patients in the highest GAR quartile had a 10.2-fold increased risk of 30-day mortality (p<0.001). The Boruta algorithm identified GAR as an important predictor, and LightGBM showed the best performance (AUC=0.83).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GAR was independently associated with 30-day and 90-day mortality in ICU patients with AP. As a simple and readily available biomarker, GAR may help improve early mortality risk stratification in this critically ill population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261511"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13524130/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148851333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow-up-dependent calendar-period associations with cardiac mortality after lung cancer radiotherapy: a competing-risks SEER analysis.","authors":"Na Zhang, Siyu Chen, Jingyi Ai, Chaoxing Liu, Ye Zhou, Yajing Wu, Jun Wang","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1509","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Calendar-period comparisons of cardiac mortality after thoracic radiotherapy can be distorted by competing cancer death and by unequal follow-up, because more recently diagnosed patients are observed for less time. We aimed to determine whether a reported recent-era decline in cardiac mortality after lung radiotherapy reflects changing practice or analytic artifact.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified 56,241 patients with lung and bronchus cancer diagnosed in 2009-2021 in the SEER database (28,246 beam radiotherapy without surgery; 27,995 surgery without radiotherapy; chemotherapy-recorded patients excluded). Cardiac death was the event of interest and lung cancer death the competing event. In each cohort we estimated Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard ratios (sHRs) for diagnosis period under (i) full follow-up, (ii) full follow-up restricted to diagnoses through 2018, and (iii) a fixed 36-month window for that same 2009-2018 cohort. We additionally estimated period sHRs across fixed windows of 12-60 months, repeated all models treating other-cause deaths as competing events and using cause-specific Cox regression, and tested the proportional-subdistribution-hazards assumption.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the radiotherapy cohort, more recent diagnosis was associated with a lower subdistribution hazard of cardiac death under full follow-up (sHR 0.761; 95 % CI 0.678-0.854; p<0.001), but the association was not significant at any equalized follow-up window (12-month sHR 0.864; 24-month 0.918; 36-month 0.994 [0.853-1.157]; 48-month 0.944; 60-month 1.026; all p≥0.14), and the period effect was non-proportional over follow-up time (p=0.003). The attenuation persisted when other-cause deaths were treated as competing events (36-month sHR 1.000) and under cause-specific regression (36-month HR 0.898; p=0.167), and median follow-up differed markedly by period (108 vs. 38 months). By contrast, the surgery cohort retained a significantly lower recent-period estimate through 36 months under the same matched-window analysis (restricted-full sHR 0.734; 36-month sHR 0.770; p=0.017), attenuating only at 48-60 months.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A recent-period reduction in the surgery cohort persisted through a 36-month matched window, showing that matched-window analysis does not mechanically null a calendar-period signal; by contrast, the radiotherapy cohort showed no such association at any comparable follow-up. Registry data therefore do not support attributing a cardiac-mortality decline to changes in radiotherapy practice, and temporal registry comparisons must use comparable follow-up windows, account for competing death, and verify proportionality before such attribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261509"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13576467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148977563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and biochemical correlates of self-reported taste dysfunction: an NHANES analysis.","authors":"Dhruva Arcot, Subhankar Chakraborty","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1496","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Taste dysfunction affects approximately 1 in 5 Americans over age 40, yet its relationship with biochemical and hematological markers remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether biochemical and hematologic markers are associated with self-reported taste dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pooled NHANES data from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed. The final sample included 3,595 adults aged ≥20 years who provided a definitive response regarding whether they experienced taste problems. Survey-weighted logistic regression identified independent predictors among socio-demographic factors and biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>219 (6.1 %) individuals reported taste problems. In fully adjusted models, advancing age (aOR=1.02; p=0.034), Non-Hispanic White (aOR=2.54) or Black race (aOR=2.45), less than a high school education (aOR=1.59), and lower household income (p=0.002) were independently associated with taste dysfunction. Only serum albumin (aOR=0.41; p=0.044), percent of saturated fatty acids (aOR=0.88; p=0.006), percent of monounsaturated fatty acids (aOR=1.14; p=0.006), and serum copper levels (aOR=1.02; p=0.006) were associated with taste problems. None of the hematologic labs examined were associated with taste problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sociodemographic factors and limited biochemical abnormalities are associated with self-reported taste problems. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seawater drowning induced acute lung injury: new insights from novel mouse models and micro-CT imaging.","authors":"Jinxia Liu, Chunsun Li, Zhen Yang, Yuanhui Wei, Zhixin Liang, Xiuqing Ma, Shangshu Liu, Jiabo Ren, Zhenfei Mo, Yue Yin, Zirui Wang, Liangan Chen","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1510","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Seawater drowning causes severe lung and alveolar damage, easily inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome with high early mortality. Currently, standardized assessment and treatment approaches for seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury (SWD-ALI) are lacking. This study aimed to explore the lung damage mechanism of seawater drowning and provide early diagnostic and clinical therapeutic references for SWD-ALI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel mouse model of SWD-ALI was established for the first time via the laryngoscopic endotracheal injection (LEI) method. Multiple indicators including lung histopathology, survival rate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung coefficient and micro-CT were detected in strict accordance with the latest animal acute lung injury testing standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obvious exudative lesions in lung tissues were detected by CT as early as 0.5 h after seawater-induced injury, enabling early identification of severe acute lung injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lung CT can realize early diagnosis of SWD-ALI. This finding is critical for guiding clinical treatment and reducing the mortality of seawater drowning patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrated growth factors: basic characteristics and clinical application.","authors":"Voja Pavlovic, Jelena Vucic, Milena Trandafilovic","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2026-1508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The beneficial activity of platelet concentrates (PC), during healing process is mainly attributed to the regenerative potential of growth factors (GF) released from platelets. Since concentrated growth factor (CGF) possesses great regenerative properties, in recent years has gained increased attention for regenerative procedures.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Based on a comprehensive analysis of recent basic and clinical studies on CGF, present review summarizes the most used procedures for CGF, PRF (platelet rich fibrin) and PRP (platelet rich plasma) preparation and simultaneously clarify advantages and disadvantages of regenerative properties among CGF, PRF and PRP. Also, current review intends to clarify the physiologic role of certain CGF components and to analyze their potential clinical applications in regenerative medicine.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>This form of PC is completely autologous product, requires one centrifugation step with alternating speed for production and easy to prepare with minimal expenses. Furthermore, CGF contains high amount of GF, which are continuously released for days, and formed fibrin matrix is more stable compared to the other forms of PC (PRP and PRF). Furthermore, some limitations of CGF application and points which should be resolved by incoming research studies to further elucidate the CGF protocol standardization and potential effect of leukocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of treatment outcomes for AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy before and after the implementation of VEN/AZA - a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Norea Gruber, Josef Singer","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2026-1499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) predominantly affects older patients, many of whom are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Although the VIALE-A trial demonstrated improved survival with azacitidine plus venetoclax, its strict eligibility criteria may limit generalizability to routine clinical practice. We therefore evaluated real-world outcomes at our institution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective single-centre cohort study of adult AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Patients received azacitidine monotherapy (2014-2018) or azacitidine plus venetoclax (2019-2023). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests. VIALE-A eligibility was assessed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>21 patients met the inclusion criteria: 8 received azacitidine alone and 13 azacitidine plus venetoclax. Median age was 79 years. Patients receiving azacitidine plus venetoclax completed more treatment cycles (median 7 vs. 4). Median OS was 12.6 vs. 9.1 months with azacitidine alone (p=0.416). Median PFS was 10.0 vs. 8.1 months, respectively (p=0.707). Overall, only 66 % of patients fulfilled the VIALE-A eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Azacitidine plus venetoclax was associated with numerically longer OS and PFS, although differences were not statistically significant. Only two-thirds of patients would have met VIALE-A eligibility criteria, highlighting the challenges of translating trial outcomes into routine practice. Larger multicentre studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}