Open Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Sociodemographic and biochemical correlates of self-reported taste dysfunction: an NHANES analysis.","authors":"Dhruva Arcot, Subhankar Chakraborty","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1496","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1496","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Taste dysfunction affects approximately 1 in 5 Americans over age 40, yet its relationship with biochemical and hematological markers remains poorly understood. This study investigated whether biochemical and hematologic markers are associated with self-reported taste dysfunction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pooled NHANES data from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed. The final sample included 3,595 adults aged ≥20 years who provided a definitive response regarding whether they experienced taste problems. Survey-weighted logistic regression identified independent predictors among socio-demographic factors and biochemical markers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>219 (6.1 %) individuals reported taste problems. In fully adjusted models, advancing age (aOR=1.02; p=0.034), Non-Hispanic White (aOR=2.54) or Black race (aOR=2.45), less than a high school education (aOR=1.59), and lower household income (p=0.002) were independently associated with taste dysfunction. Only serum albumin (aOR=0.41; p=0.044), percent of saturated fatty acids (aOR=0.88; p=0.006), percent of monounsaturated fatty acids (aOR=1.14; p=0.006), and serum copper levels (aOR=1.02; p=0.006) were associated with taste problems. None of the hematologic labs examined were associated with taste problems.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sociodemographic factors and limited biochemical abnormalities are associated with self-reported taste problems. Future prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261496"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499027/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seawater drowning induced acute lung injury: new insights from novel mouse models and micro-CT imaging.","authors":"Jinxia Liu, Chunsun Li, Zhen Yang, Yuanhui Wei, Zhixin Liang, Xiuqing Ma, Shangshu Liu, Jiabo Ren, Zhenfei Mo, Yue Yin, Zirui Wang, Liangan Chen","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1510","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1510","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Seawater drowning causes severe lung and alveolar damage, easily inducing acute respiratory distress syndrome with high early mortality. Currently, standardized assessment and treatment approaches for seawater drowning-induced acute lung injury (SWD-ALI) are lacking. This study aimed to explore the lung damage mechanism of seawater drowning and provide early diagnostic and clinical therapeutic references for SWD-ALI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A novel mouse model of SWD-ALI was established for the first time via the laryngoscopic endotracheal injection (LEI) method. Multiple indicators including lung histopathology, survival rate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung coefficient and micro-CT were detected in strict accordance with the latest animal acute lung injury testing standards.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Obvious exudative lesions in lung tissues were detected by CT as early as 0.5 h after seawater-induced injury, enabling early identification of severe acute lung injury.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Lung CT can realize early diagnosis of SWD-ALI. This finding is critical for guiding clinical treatment and reducing the mortality of seawater drowning patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13499026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concentrated growth factors: basic characteristics and clinical application.","authors":"Voja Pavlovic, Jelena Vucic, Milena Trandafilovic","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2026-1508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The beneficial activity of platelet concentrates (PC), during healing process is mainly attributed to the regenerative potential of growth factors (GF) released from platelets. Since concentrated growth factor (CGF) possesses great regenerative properties, in recent years has gained increased attention for regenerative procedures.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Based on a comprehensive analysis of recent basic and clinical studies on CGF, present review summarizes the most used procedures for CGF, PRF (platelet rich fibrin) and PRP (platelet rich plasma) preparation and simultaneously clarify advantages and disadvantages of regenerative properties among CGF, PRF and PRP. Also, current review intends to clarify the physiologic role of certain CGF components and to analyze their potential clinical applications in regenerative medicine.</p><p><strong>Summary and outlook: </strong>This form of PC is completely autologous product, requires one centrifugation step with alternating speed for production and easy to prepare with minimal expenses. Furthermore, CGF contains high amount of GF, which are continuously released for days, and formed fibrin matrix is more stable compared to the other forms of PC (PRP and PRF). Furthermore, some limitations of CGF application and points which should be resolved by incoming research studies to further elucidate the CGF protocol standardization and potential effect of leukocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13491105/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of treatment outcomes for AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy before and after the implementation of VEN/AZA - a retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Norea Gruber, Josef Singer","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2026-1499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) predominantly affects older patients, many of whom are ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Although the VIALE-A trial demonstrated improved survival with azacitidine plus venetoclax, its strict eligibility criteria may limit generalizability to routine clinical practice. We therefore evaluated real-world outcomes at our institution.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective single-centre cohort study of adult AML patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy. Patients received azacitidine monotherapy (2014-2018) or azacitidine plus venetoclax (2019-2023). Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and log-rank tests. VIALE-A eligibility was assessed retrospectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>21 patients met the inclusion criteria: 8 received azacitidine alone and 13 azacitidine plus venetoclax. Median age was 79 years. Patients receiving azacitidine plus venetoclax completed more treatment cycles (median 7 vs. 4). Median OS was 12.6 vs. 9.1 months with azacitidine alone (p=0.416). Median PFS was 10.0 vs. 8.1 months, respectively (p=0.707). Overall, only 66 % of patients fulfilled the VIALE-A eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Azacitidine plus venetoclax was associated with numerically longer OS and PFS, although differences were not statistically significant. Only two-thirds of patients would have met VIALE-A eligibility criteria, highlighting the challenges of translating trial outcomes into routine practice. Larger multicentre studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261499"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13482781/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'When I had concerns about my own patients…I was told to keep quiet': experiences of moral injury among healthcare workers under Covid-19 vaccine mandates in Alberta, Canada.","authors":"Claudia Chaufan, Natalie Hemsing, Rachael Moncrieffe","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2026-1503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Although compliance is often interpreted as consensus and dissent as \"vaccine hesitancy\", misinformation, or deficient trust, less is known about how healthcare workers experienced Covid-19 vaccine mandates or how their legitimacy was constructed and contested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed open-ended survey responses from 80 respondents within a convenience sample of 189 healthcare workers in Alberta, Canada. Informed by Weberian ideal types, responses were classified by normative orientation toward mandates and analyzed thematically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Most respondents (82.5 %) expressed negative sentiments, while a minority (17.5 %) were positive; none were neutral. Negative accounts emphasized coercion, institutional betrayal, silencing, ethical conflict, and moral injury, including among vaccinated respondents. Positive responses emphasized patient care, role expectations, and public safety, often framing dissent as illegitimate.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings indicate that mandates were experienced as professionally divisive and, by many respondents, as ethically disruptive; that compliance should not be equated with ethical alignment; and that high vaccination uptake can obscure coercive conditions. Treating dissent as an empirical object reveals how mandate legitimacy was constructed and how institutional practices managed disagreement. Moral injury emerged not merely as an individual psychological response, but as a structurally induced ethical harm with implications for professional judgment, informed consent, patient care, workforce stability, and institutional integrity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261503"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13478822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148796426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of hydronephrosis grade on surgical parameters and stone-free rates in prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a retrospective multivariable study.","authors":"Adem Tunçekin, Ali Nihat Gökcan, Erkan Arslan, Yasin Aktaş, Hakan Türk","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2026-1506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess the effect of hydronephrosis (HN) grade on operative parameters, complication rates, and stone-free rates (SFR) in patients undergoing prone percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) performed under a standardized surgical protocol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included patients who underwent prone PCNL between January 2021 and June 2024. Patients with bilateral stones or anatomically abnormal kidneys were excluded. HN grade was determined by ultrasonography and confirmed with non-contrast computed tomography. Operative parameters, including operative time, number of accesses, hemoglobin drop, transfusion requirement, hospital stay, and complications, were compared among mild, moderate and severe HN groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 327 patients were retrospectively screened. After applying the exclusion criteria, 242 patients who underwent prone PCNL between January 2021 and June 2024 were included in the final analysis. The mean age was 51.4 ± 13.9 years. HN was mild in 40.5 %, moderate in 37.6 %, and severe in 21.9 % of patients. Operation time increased significantly with HN grade (p=0.001), while other parameters including SFR (p=0.521) and complication rate (p=0.760) showed no significant differences. Operation time was the only independent predictor of stone-free status (p<0.001). Subgroup analysis according to median stone burden demonstrated that the association between HN grade and operative time persisted only in patients with lower stone burden (≤5.69 cm³, p=0.010), whereas this relationship was not significant in patients with higher stone burden (>5.69 cm³, p=0.052).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>HN grade does not significantly affect surgical success or complication rates after prone PCNL, although higher grades were associated with longer operative times. HN grade alone should not be considered a limiting factor for achieving complete stone clearance. However, stone burden may be a more important determinant of operative complexity in patients with higher stone burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261506"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13470615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic value of GRACE and EDACS scores in non-STEMI patients presenting to the emergency department.","authors":"Omer Faruk Cakiroglu, Julide Gurbuz, Omer Faruk Oz, Yilmaz Ersoz, Bahadir Taslidere, Basar Cander","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/med-2026-1497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study primarily aimed to evaluate the association of EDACS and GRACE scores with angiographically significant coronary lesions in patients presenting with NSTEMI. The secondary objective was to assess their relationship with 30-day mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included adults diagnosed with NSTEMI between January 2022 and December 2024. Demographic and clinical characteristics, GRACE and EDACS scores, angiographic findings, and 30-day mortality were obtained from electronic hospital records. Significant coronary lesions were defined as ≥70 % stenosis or the need for stent placement. Statistical analyses included Mann-Whitney U, Chi-square, logistic regression, and ROC analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 332 patients, both GRACE and EDACS scores were significantly higher in non-survivors. GRACE high-risk classification was strongly associated with mortality, whilst EDACS (≥16) showed a non-significant trend. EDACS demonstrated superior discriminatory ability for significant coronary lesions, whereas GRACE was more closely associated with mortality risk. An EDACS cut-off >12.5 yielded 87.7 % sensitivity and 40.0 % specificity. Logistic regression identified male sex, hypercholesterolaemia, EDACS ≥16, and systolic blood pressure as independent predictors of significant lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>GRACE predicted mortality, whereas EDACS better identified significant coronary lesions; combined use showed marginal improvement in model fit but did not significantly enhance discriminatory performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13470616/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148761549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of oral probiotics on postoperative nutrition level of patients with liver cancer.","authors":"Xiaohan Wang, Ziming Wang","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1485","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the effect of probiotics on the postoperative nutritional status of patients with liver cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 112 patients with liver cancer were enrolled from January 2021 to December 2022 and randomly assigned to either a probiotics group (n=56) or a placebo group (n=56). Patients in the probiotics group received oral administration of either bifid-triple viable capsules (420 mg, three times daily) or <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> capsules (0.5 g, three times daily) for 21 consecutive days. Patients in the placebo group received identical-looking placebo capsules following the same schedule. All patients received routine nursing care and nutritional support during hospitalization. Nutritional status was assessed at baseline (day 0) and at 7, 14, and 21 days after intervention using the patient-generated subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) score, serum levels of albumin (Alb), prealbumin (PA), hemoglobin (Hb) and transferrin (TRF), as well as arm muscle circumference (AMC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) measurements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After 21 d, PG-SGA score was obviously reduced in probiotics group and placebo group relative to 0 d (p<i><</i>0.05). Moreover, the decrease of PG-SGA score was more in probiotics group than placebo group (p<i><</i>0.05). After 21 d, the increased levels of Alb, PA, Hb and TRF in serums were more in probiotics group than placebo group (p<i><</i>0.05). Furthermore, the increases of AMC value and TSF value were more in probiotics group than placebo group after 21 d (p<i><</i>0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral probiotics had a good feedback on improving postoperative nutrition level in patients with liver cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261485"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148713413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causal role of plasma protein ratios in ulcerative colitis: insights from mendelian randomization and single-cell sequencing.","authors":"Kuo Kang, Linfeng Wei, Xuanxuan Li, Shalong Wang, Changhao Huang, Zhiwei Wu","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1434","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1434","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This Mendelian randomization study aimed to systematically investigate the causal associations of 2,821 plasma protein ratios with UC susceptibility and validate potential biomarkers through multi-omics approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach using publicly available genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), with single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) serving as instruments for exposures and outcome variables. Using the two-sample MR approach, we assessed the associations between 2,821 plasma protein ratios and UC and performed a series of sensitivity analyses to enhance the robustness of our findings. Additionally, single-cell sequencing was used to validate and explore the MR results. And ELISA assays were carried to validate the expression of certain protein ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The inverse-variance weighted method identified significant relationships between 165 plasma protein ratios and UC (FDR<0.05). UC susceptibility, per one standard deviation increase in genetically predicted protein ratios, ranged from 0.539 (DCTN1/IKBKG, 95 % CI: 0.408-0.712) to 2.078 (CCT5/DCTN1, 95 % CI: 1.607-2.686). Various sensitivity analyses further confirmed the robustness of these causal relationships. Single-cell sequencing further revealed significant differences in DLL1/TGFBR2 ratios between UC and healthy controls (p<0.0001), with a moderate yet significant elevation in CCT5/DCTN1 ratios (p<0.01) and no notable difference in BCR/DCTN1 ratios. Validation using ELISA in 26 pairs of UC patients and healthy controls showed a significantly elevated DLL1/TGFBR2 ratio in the UC group (p<0.001), while CCT5/DCTN1 and BCR/DCTN1 ratios showed no differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings reveal a robust causal relationship between the DLL1/TGFBR2 plasma protein ratio and UC, offering novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261434"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454902/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression prevalence estimates in Spain (1995-2021): a systematic review.","authors":"Sergio Ruiz-Sánchez, Aurora González-Teruel, Enric Novella","doi":"10.1515/med-2026-1498","DOIUrl":"10.1515/med-2026-1498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to systematically review and synthesise heterogeneous depression prevalence estimates in the Spanish general population and analyse their variation according to methodological factors over recent decades.</p><p><strong>Content: </strong>Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, ÍnDICEs CSIC, and PSICODOC. Inclusion criteria were: reporting incidence, prevalence, or mean depression scores; population ≥14 years; n ≥1,000; use of validated assessment methods. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Findings were synthesised qualitatively. 13 studies were included; most were international (n=7), cross-sectional (n=11), and used diagnostic interviews (n=8). Comparable studies (n=11) showed an increase in prevalence estimates in recent years, ranging from approximately 4-22 %, depending on assessment method and study period. Several studies (n=7) reported significant associations with female gender and unfavourable sociodemographic conditions. Most studies (n=11) were high quality.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Evidence derived from heterogeneous estimates suggests an increase in reported depression prevalence among comparable studies from 1995 to 2021. Despite methodological variation, women were affected twice as often as men, and unfavourable sociodemographic conditions were linked to higher risk. Early-pandemic increases likely reflect reactive psychological distress. This is the first systematic review on this topic.</p><p><strong>Outlook: </strong>Future research should use probability sampling and harmonised screening and diagnostic methods to improve representativeness and comparability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19715,"journal":{"name":"Open Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"20261498"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13454903/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148707201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}