Ophthalmic Research最新文献

{"title":"Recalled age of myopia onset may predict risk of high adult myopia in Chinese adults.","authors":"Chunjie Mao, Xiaodan Zhang, Mengyu Liao, Fengqi Zhou, Xinlei Zhu, Tian Wang, Ruotian Xie, Haokun Zhang, Tiantian Yang, Kai He, Miao Guo, Yanfang Zhu, Yi Lei, Yiming Li, Ling Yao, Bohao Cui, Yuyang Miao, Han Han, Xiao Zhao, Yinting Song, Zhiyong Sun, Jinguo Yu, Wei Zhou, Yun Zhu, Hua Yan","doi":"10.1159/000538442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between age of myopia onset and high myopia and to explore if age of onset mediated the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled 1118 myopic patients aged 18 to 40. Information was obtained via a detailed questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models were utilized to assess age of onset in relation to high myopia and spherical equivalent refractive error, respectively. Structural equation models examined the mediated effect of onset age on the association between parental myopia, time spent on electronics and high myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An early age at myopia onset was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent refractive power. Subjects who developed myopia before the age of 12 were more likely to suffer from high myopia than those who developed myopia after the age of 15. Age of myopia onset was the strongest predictor of high myopia, with an area under the curve (AUC) in Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis of 0.80. Additionally, age of myopia onset served as a mediator in the relationships between parental myopia, electronic device usage duration, and the onset of high myopia in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age of myopia onset might be the single best predictor for high myopia, and age at onset appeared to mediate the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Spending More Time Outdoors Able to Prevent and Control Myopia in Children and Adolescents? A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Dan Li, Sicheng Min, Xianxiong Li","doi":"10.1159/000539229","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spending more time outdoors was treated as a safe and cost-effective method to prevent and control myopia. While prior research has established an inverse association between outdoor time and the risk of myopia onset, the effect of increasing outdoor time in delaying the progression of myopia remains a subject of debate. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between outdoor time and the myopia onset, and further examine whether there is a dose-response relationship between outdoor time and the risk of myopia onset. Meanwhile, perform whether the outdoor time is related to delaying the progression of myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Database, spanning from their inception to February 2023. Three cohort studies and 5 prospective intervention studies were included, with a total of 12,922 participants aged 6-16 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the highest with the lowest exposure levels of time spent outdoors, the highest outdoor time was strongly associated with a reduced risk of myopia onset (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34, 0.82). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between outdoor time and myopia onset risk. Compared to 3.5 h of outdoor time per week, an increase to 7, 16.3, and 27 h per week corresponded with a respective reduction in the risk of myopia onset by 20%, 53%, and 69%. Among children and adolescents who were not myopic, spending more time outdoors significantly slowed down the speed of change in spherical equivalent refractive (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.10D, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.14) and axial length (WMD = -0.05 mm, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.03). Among children and adolescents who were already myopic, spending more time outdoors did not slow myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, spending more time outdoors can prevent the onset of myopia, but it does not seem to slow its progression. Further studies are needed to better understand these trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-Acetylserotonin Alleviates Retinal Autophagy via TrkB/AKT/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Rats.","authors":"Luming Zhang, Meng Gao, Yuze Zhao, Yi Yin, Xuening Zhang, Shuanhu Zhou, Xin Wang, Xiaoli Wang, Yansong Zhao","doi":"10.1159/000535786","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535786","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of N-acetylserotonin (NAS) on the autophagy of retinal cells in rats with retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (RIRI) and to explore the mechanisms by which NAS administration can alleviate RIRI through the tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB)/protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor erythroid-derived factor 2-related factor (Nrf2) signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Healthy adult male rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham, RIRI, RIRI+NAS, and RIRI+NAS+ANA-12. The RIRI group was induced by elevating intraocular pressure, and changes in retinal structure and edema were assessed using H&amp;E staining. The RIRI+NAS and RIRI+NAS+ANA-12 groups received intraperitoneal injections of NAS before and after modeling. The RIRI+NAS+ANA-12 group was also administered ANA-12, a TrkB antagonist. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were used to evaluate phosphorylated TrkB (p-TrkB), phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt), Nrf2, sequestosome 1 (P62), and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3-II) levels in the retinas of each group. Electroretinogram was recorded to detect retinal function in each group of rats 24 h after modeling.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The RIRI+NAS group had a thinner retina and more retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) than RIRI and RIRI+NAS+ANA-12 groups (p &lt; 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot results showed that p-TrkB, p-Akt, n-Nrf2, and P62 levels in the RIRI+NAS group were higher compared with those in RIRI and RIRI+NAS+ANA-12 groups (p &lt; 0.05). Also, lower LC3-II levels were observed in the RIRI+NAS group compared with that in RIRI and RIRI+NAS+ANA-12 groups (p &lt; 0.05). Electroretinogram recording results showed that 24 h after retinal ischemia-reperfusion, the magnitude of b-wave changes was attenuated in the RIRI+NAS group compared with the RIRI group (p &lt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The administration of NAS activates the TrkB/Akt/Nrf2 signaling pathway, reduces autophagy, alleviates retinal edema, promotes the survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), and provides neuroprotection against retinal injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138830854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Wharton's Jelly Modulate the Intraocular Immune Response in a Glucocorticoid Hypertension Model: An Exploratory Analysis.","authors":"Karine Dos Santos Evangelho, Carlos Cifuentes-González, William Rojas-Carabali, Clemencia De Vivero-Arciniegas, Mariana Cañas-Arboleda, Gustavo Salguero, Carolina Ramírez-Santana, Alejandra de-la-Torre","doi":"10.1159/000538183","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Recent research suggests immunological changes such as cytokine imbalance may affect its pathophysiology. This implies that immunomodulation, like that of mesenchymal cells, could be a potential therapeutic avenue for this disease. However, the effects of intravitreal injections of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) on intraocular immune response have not been assessed in ocular hypertension (OH) models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored this by measuring cytokine levels and expression of other markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and T cells, in 15 randomly divided New Zealand rabbits: G1: OH, G2: hWJ-MSCs, and G3: OH+hWJ-MSCs. We analyzed the aqueous humor (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and vitreous humor (IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β) using ELISA and flow cytometry (cell populations), as well as TCD3+, TCD3+/TCD4+, and TCD3+/TCD8+ lymphocytes, and GFAP in the retina and optic nerve through immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a decrease in TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-8 in G3 compared to G1 and an increase in TGF-β in both G2 and G3. TCD3+ retinal infiltration in all groups was primarily TCD8+ rather than TCD4+ cells, and strong GFAP expression was observed in both the retina and optic nerves in all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that cellular and humoral immune responses may play a role in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and that intravitreal hWJ-MSCs can induce an immunosuppressive environment by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing regulatory cytokines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Grading of Diabetic Macular Edema Is Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Indices and Imaging Biomarkers.","authors":"Chen Yanxia, Yang Xiongyi, Fu Min, Ke Xiaoyun","doi":"10.1159/000535199","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Objectives of the study were to investigate the correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based grading of diabetic macular edema (DME) and systemic inflammatory indices, imaging biomarkers, and early anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 111 eyes from 111 patients with DME treated with intravitreous anti-VEGF therapy for 3 consecutive months every month were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to a protocol termed \"TCED,\" DME was divided into early, advanced, severe, and atrophic stages. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subretinal fluid (SRF), and the number of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in the whole retinal layers were analyzed at baseline and 3 months after the first injection. Peripheral blood inflammatory indices were calculated, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet (PLT)-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the visual and anatomical results and evaluate HRF and SRF in different stages of DME before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in systemic inflammatory indices among the four groups, including NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and CRP (all p &lt; 0.05). The CRP, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were significantly higher in the atrophic stage compared to the advanced stage (all p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, the CRP, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were significantly lower in the advanced stage compared to the early stage (all p &lt; 0.05). Except for the atrophic stage, BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT) were significantly improved after treatment in early, advanced and severe stages (all p &lt; 0.05), especially in the severe stage. The decline in the proportion of SRF and HRF ≥20 was the most significant in the advanced stage after anti-VEGF treatment (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.016), but not in the early and severe stages (all p &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic inflammatory indices and the decline in the proportion of SRF and HRF ≥20 were closely associated with different stages of DME based on \"TCED.\" Meanwhile, the \"TCED\" grading system can predict visual and anatomical prognosis of DME after anti-VEGF treatment, which may be a biomarker for identifying risk stratification and management of DME.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Testing of Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases in the European Countries: An International Survey by the European Vision Institute.","authors":"Giacomo Calzetti, Kerstin Schwarzwälder, Giorgia Ottonelli, Karolina Kaminska, Rupert Wolfgang Strauss, Elfride De Baere, Bart P Leroy, Isabelle Audo, Christina Zeitz, Claus Cursiefen, Katarina Stingl, Camiel J F Boon, João Pedro Marques, Cristina Santos, Carmen Ayuso Garcia, Pascal Escher, M Francesca Cordeiro, Fabiana D'Esposito, Peter Charbel Issa, Andrew Lotery, Siying Lin, Michel Michaelides, Carlo Rivolta, Hendrik P N Scholl","doi":"10.1159/000540607","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this project was to explore the current standards of clinical care genetic testing and counseling for patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) from the perspective of leading experts in selected European countries. Also, to gather opinions on current bottlenecks and future solutions to improve patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On the initiative of the European Vision Institute, a survey questionnaire with 41 questions was designed and sent to experts in the field from ten European countries. Each participant was asked to answer with reference to the situation in their own country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen questionnaires were collected by November 2023. IRD genetic tests are performed in clinical care settings for 80% or more of tested patients in 9 countries, and the costs of genetic tests in clinical care are covered by the public health service to the extent of 90% or more in 8 countries. The median proportion of patients who are genetically tested, the median rate of genetically solved patients among those who are tested, and the median proportion of patients receiving counseling are 51-70%, 61-80%, and 61-80%, respectively. Improving the education of healthcare professionals who facilitate patient referrals to specialized centers, improving access of patients to more thorough genotyping, and increasing the number of available counselors were the most advocated solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant proportion of IRD patients who are not genetically tested, whose genetic testing is inconclusive, or who do not receive counseling. Educational programs, greater availability of state-of-the-art genotyping and genetic counselors could improve healthcare for IRD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Accommodation and Convergence with Axial Length Elongation in Children with Basic Intermittent Exotropia: A 12-Month Observational Study.","authors":"Jing-Xin Li, Jie Hao, Xiang-Xiang Liu, Jie Hong, Hui-Xin Li, Qiong-Yue Zhang, Yi-Yang Zhao, Lei Li, Jing Fu","doi":"10.1159/000540154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the association of parameters related to accommodation and convergence and axial elongation in basic intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients and the potential clinical predictors of axial length (AL) growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 140 basic IXT patients were recruited in this study. The medians of AL growth in different age brackets were chosen to divide the subjects into group A (slower axial elongation group, n = 69) and group B (faster axial elongation group, n = 71). Parameters of dominant and nondominant eyes were compared and analyzed during the 12-month follow-up period. The parameters, including baseline refraction, angle of deviation, Newcastle control score (NCS), accommodative amplitude (AMP), accommodative facility (AMF), accommodative response, positive or negative relative accommodation (PRA/NRA), and near point of convergence (NPC), were analyzed via univariate and multivariate regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects in the faster axial elongation group tended to have more myopic spherical equivalents (t = 3.956, p &lt; 0.001), greater AMPs of dominant eyes (t = -2.238, p = 0.027), and fewer near points of convergence (t = 2.347, p = 0.020) than in the slower axial elongation group. For dominant eyes, logistic and linear regression analysis revealed that more negative spherical equivalents (OR = 0.603, p &lt; 0.001; β = -0.045, p &lt; 0.001), greater AMPs (OR = 1.201, p = 0.027; β = 0.023, p = 0.010), and less near points of convergence (OR = 0.883, p = 0.021; β = -0.012, p = 0.019) were correlated with the faster axial elongation. For nondominant eyes, a more myopic spherical equivalent (OR = 0.682; p = 0.001; β = -0.029, p = 0.005) was the only parameter correlated with faster axial elongation through regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children with basic IXT, faster axial elongation in the dominant eyes was associated with more myopic spherical equivalents, greater AMPs, and lower NPCs. These accommodative parameters can serve as potential clinical indicators for monitoring myopia progression in addition to AL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 4-Year Retrospective Study: Clinical Outcomes of XEN45 in Patients with Glaucoma.","authors":"María Pilar Bambó, Álvaro Tello, María José Vicente, Víctor Mallén, Andrés Biescas-Merino, Jacobo Yáñez, Carlos Isanta, Blanca Ferrández, Enrique Fuentemilla, Susana Pérez-Oliván, Noemí Güerri, José Manuel Larrosa, Vicente Polo, Luis Emilio Pablo","doi":"10.1159/000539504","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of XEN45 implant, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, in patients with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective and single center study conducted on consecutive patients who underwent a XEN45 implant, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, between November 2016 and October 2021. The primary endpoint was the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering from preoperative values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 230 screened patients, 206 eyes (176 patients) were included. Fifty-three (25.7%) eyes had undergone XEN alone and 153 (74.3%) eyes had undergone a combined procedure (XEN+phacoemulsification). The mean preoperative IOP was significantly higher in the XEN-alone (22.2 ± 5.9 mm Hg) than in the XEN+Phaco (19.8 ± 4.5 mm Hg) group (p = 0.0035). In the overall study population, the mean preoperative IOP was significantly lowered from 20.5 ± 5.0 mm Hg to 15.8 ± 4.4 at year-4, p &lt; 0.0001. The mean preoperative (95% confidence interval) IOP was significantly lowered from 22.2 (20.6-23.8) mm Hg and 19.8 (19.1-20.6) mm Hg to 15.6 (12.2-16.9) mm Hg and 15.9 (15.2-16.5) mm Hg at year-4 in the XEN-alone and XEN+Phaco groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001 each, respectively). The number of ocular hypotensive medications was significant reduced from 2.6 ± 1.0 drugs to 1.3 ± 1.3 drugs, with no significant differences between XEN-alone and XEN+Phaco groups (p = 0.1671). On the first postoperative day, 62 (30.1%) eyes presented some type of complication. Fifteen (7.3%) eyes underwent a needling procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>XEN45, either alone or in combination with phacoemulsification, significantly lowered the IOP and reduced the need of ocular hypotensive medication in the long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancements in Myopic Macular Foveoschisis Research.","authors":"He Chen, Xuan Liu, Xuebin Zhou, Jinling Fu, Lufei Wang","doi":"10.1159/000540238","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Presently, the global prevalence of myopia and high myopia reaches approximately 1.95 billion and 277 million individuals, respectively. Projections suggest that by 2050, the number of people with myopia may rise to 4.758 billion and those with high myopia to 938 million. In highly myopic eyes, the occurrence of MF is reported to be as high as 8-33%.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review comprehensively addresses the classification, pathogenesis, natural progression, concomitant pathologies, and therapeutic strategies for macular foveoschisis in highly myopic patients.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>In recent years, macular foveoschisis has emerged as a prevalent complication in individuals with high myopia, primarily resulting from the combination of inward traction by vitreoretinal adhesions and outward traction exerted by posterior scleral staphyloma on the retina. While some maintain partial visual stability over an extended period, others may progress to macular holes or even retinal detachment. For highly myopic patients with macular foveoschisis, the mainstay procedures are vitrectomy, macular buckle, and posterior scleral reinforcement. However, there is controversy about whether to perform inner limiting membrane peeling and gas filling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141580490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Impact of Bariatric Surgery on Macular and Peripapillary Vessel Density in Obese Individuals without Metabolic Disease.","authors":"Müslüm Toptan, Hasan Elkan","doi":"10.1159/000539103","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>It is well established that microvascular structures are affected in obese people with metabolic disease. We aimed to evaluate the effect on microvascular structures by examining macular and peripapillary vessel density with optical coherence tomography angiography after bariatric surgery in obese individuals without metabolic disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 96 eyes of 48 obese patients. Body mass index (BMI), macular vessel density in the superficial, intermediate, and deep capillary plexus, and peripapillary vessel density were measured before and 6 months after bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BMI decreased significantly to 43.75 ± 4.4 kg/m2 postoperatively compared to 55.31 ± 5.1 kg/m2 preoperatively (p &lt; 0.05). A significant increase was observed in macular vessel density in the deep capillary plexus postoperatively (p &lt; 0.01). However, no significant postoperative increase occurred in macular vascular density in the superficial and intermediate capillary plexus (p &gt; 0.05). Moreover, there was no change in peripapillary vascular density (p &gt; 0.05). Postoperative thickening of the foveal, parafoveal, and perifoveal retinal layers was significant (p &lt; 0.001). No significant correlation was detected between BMI change and macular and peripapillary vessel density changes (p &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An increase in macular vascular density, particularly in the deep capillary plexus, and retinal layer thickness has been observed following bariatric surgery performed on obese individuals without metabolic disease. This increase may indicate that microvascular structures are affected even in the absence of metabolic disease and that microperfusion improves with surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140892000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}