Ophthalmic Research最新文献

{"title":"Clinical outcomes after implantation of a novel binocular complementary extended depth of focus intraocular lens compared to bilateral low near-add multifocal intraocular lenses.","authors":"Hannah Ivellio-Vellin,Manuel Ruiss,Julius Hienert,Stefan Georgiev,Caroline Pilwachs,Andreea Fisus,Oliver Findl","doi":"10.1159/000541308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000541308","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTIONAim of this study was to assess the clinical outcomes of two diffractive intraocular lenses (IOL): a novel binocular complementary IOL compared to a conventional low near-add multifocal IOL (MIOL).METHODSPatients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly allocated into two groups receiving either binocular complementary optical systems (ARTIS SYMBIOSE Mid and Plus, Cristalens, France) or low near-add MIOL (AT LARA, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Germany). Patients had visual acuity (VA) assessment at distance, intermediate, and near as well as evaluation of contrast sensitivity, halometry and reading performance.RESULTSIn total, 56 eyes of 28 patients were enrolled. At 6 months, there were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity between the ARTIS SYMBIOSE and the AT LARA. Contrast sensitivity at 1.5 cycles per degree under photopic conditions without glare was 1.54 logCS with the ARTIS SYMBIOSE and 1.43 logCS with the AT LARA (p=0.046), under mesopic conditions with glare at 1.5 and 3 cycles per degree 1.31 logCS and 1.28 logCS with the ARTIS SYMBIOSE, respectively, compared to 0.58 logCS and 0.51 logCS with the AT LARA (p=0.002; p=0.006). Halos and reading performance between both groups were similar.CONCLUSIONThere were no significant differences between both groups in visual acuity at different distances, reading ability or halometry. The contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequencies was better in the ARTIS SYMBIOSE group under photopic conditions with and without glare as well as mesopic conditions with glare.","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":"82 1","pages":"1-17"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142179477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of the Complement Factor H Y402H Polymorphism and Response to Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Treatment in Age-related Macular Degeneration: An Updated Meta-analysis.","authors":"Amirhossein Roshanshad, Seyed Ali Moosavi, J Fernando Arevalo","doi":"10.1159/000539377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000539377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have a variable effect on patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that has been attributed to several causes, including genetic factors. We evaluated the effects of Complement Factor H (CFH) rs1061170/Y402H polymorphism on the response to anti-VEGF therapy among AMD patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were used for a literature search. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to assess the effects of CFH Y402H polymorphism on the response to anti-VEGF therapy in AMD. I2 was used to present the amount of heterogeneity. We used STATA version 14.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-five papers reporting data for 4681 patients were included in this study. Better response to anti-VEGF therapy was seen in T over C (OR=1.25, 95%CI=1.04-1.50), TT over CC (OR=1.60, 95%CI=1.06-2.4), and TT+TC over CC (OR=1.68, 95%CI=1.23-2.28) genotypes. There was no significant difference in three other genetic models (TT vs. TC, TT vs. TC+CC, TC vs. TT+CC). In Asians, no significant difference was observed in all six genetic models. Ranibizumab and bevacizumab had similar efficacy; however, conbercept was more effective in homozygous genotypes. The literature indicated that TT and TC genotypes and T allele were associated with a better functional response, while the CC genotype and C alleles had a better anatomical response. The combination of risk alleles in ARMS2 A69S (rs10490924), VEGF-A (rs699947), and VEGF-A (rs833069) with Y420H is a predictor of non-respondents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients with AMD, the CFH Y402H is a predictor of the response to anti-VEGF agents and should be considered in the treatment plan.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140958674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recalled age of myopia onset may predict risk of high adult myopia in Chinese adults.","authors":"Chunjie Mao, Xiaodan Zhang, Mengyu Liao, Fengqi Zhou, Xinlei Zhu, Tian Wang, Ruotian Xie, Haokun Zhang, Tiantian Yang, Kai He, Miao Guo, Yanfang Zhu, Yi Lei, Yiming Li, Ling Yao, Bohao Cui, Yuyang Miao, Han Han, Xiao Zhao, Yinting Song, Zhiyong Sun, Jinguo Yu, Wei Zhou, Yun Zhu, Hua Yan","doi":"10.1159/000538442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000538442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the relationship between age of myopia onset and high myopia and to explore if age of onset mediated the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study enrolled 1118 myopic patients aged 18 to 40. Information was obtained via a detailed questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression and linear regression models were utilized to assess age of onset in relation to high myopia and spherical equivalent refractive error, respectively. Structural equation models examined the mediated effect of onset age on the association between parental myopia, time spent on electronics and high myopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An early age at myopia onset was negatively correlated with spherical equivalent refractive power. Subjects who developed myopia before the age of 12 were more likely to suffer from high myopia than those who developed myopia after the age of 15. Age of myopia onset was the strongest predictor of high myopia, with an area under the curve (AUC) in Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) analysis of 0.80. Additionally, age of myopia onset served as a mediator in the relationships between parental myopia, electronic device usage duration, and the onset of high myopia in adulthood.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age of myopia onset might be the single best predictor for high myopia, and age at onset appeared to mediate the associations of high myopia with parental myopia and time spent on electronics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140331953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Coherence Tomography-Based Grading of Diabetic Macular Edema Is Associated with Systemic Inflammatory Indices and Imaging Biomarkers.","authors":"Chen Yanxia, Yang Xiongyi, Fu Min, Ke Xiaoyun","doi":"10.1159/000535199","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Objectives of the study were to investigate the correlation between optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based grading of diabetic macular edema (DME) and systemic inflammatory indices, imaging biomarkers, and early anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment response.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 111 eyes from 111 patients with DME treated with intravitreous anti-VEGF therapy for 3 consecutive months every month were enrolled in this retrospective study. According to a protocol termed \"TCED,\" DME was divided into early, advanced, severe, and atrophic stages. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), subretinal fluid (SRF), and the number of hyperreflective foci (HRF) in the whole retinal layers were analyzed at baseline and 3 months after the first injection. Peripheral blood inflammatory indices were calculated, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet (PLT)-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), and C-reactive protein (CRP). Statistical analysis was performed to compare the visual and anatomical results and evaluate HRF and SRF in different stages of DME before and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were significant differences in systemic inflammatory indices among the four groups, including NLR, PLR, MLR, SII, and CRP (all p &lt; 0.05). The CRP, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were significantly higher in the atrophic stage compared to the advanced stage (all p &lt; 0.05). Conversely, the CRP, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were significantly lower in the advanced stage compared to the early stage (all p &lt; 0.05). Except for the atrophic stage, BCVA and central retinal thickness (CRT) were significantly improved after treatment in early, advanced and severe stages (all p &lt; 0.05), especially in the severe stage. The decline in the proportion of SRF and HRF ≥20 was the most significant in the advanced stage after anti-VEGF treatment (p &lt; 0.001, p = 0.016), but not in the early and severe stages (all p &gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Systemic inflammatory indices and the decline in the proportion of SRF and HRF ≥20 were closely associated with different stages of DME based on \"TCED.\" Meanwhile, the \"TCED\" grading system can predict visual and anatomical prognosis of DME after anti-VEGF treatment, which may be a biomarker for identifying risk stratification and management of DME.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"96-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139425209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Human Wharton's Jelly Modulate the Intraocular Immune Response in a Glucocorticoid Hypertension Model: An Exploratory Analysis.","authors":"Karine Dos Santos Evangelho, Carlos Cifuentes-González, William Rojas-Carabali, Clemencia De Vivero-Arciniegas, Mariana Cañas-Arboleda, Gustavo Salguero, Carolina Ramírez-Santana, Alejandra de-la-Torre","doi":"10.1159/000538183","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000538183","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Recent research suggests immunological changes such as cytokine imbalance may affect its pathophysiology. This implies that immunomodulation, like that of mesenchymal cells, could be a potential therapeutic avenue for this disease. However, the effects of intravitreal injections of human Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hWJ-MSCs) on intraocular immune response have not been assessed in ocular hypertension (OH) models.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We explored this by measuring cytokine levels and expression of other markers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and T cells, in 15 randomly divided New Zealand rabbits: G1: OH, G2: hWJ-MSCs, and G3: OH+hWJ-MSCs. We analyzed the aqueous humor (IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and vitreous humor (IFN-γ, IL-10, and TGF-β) using ELISA and flow cytometry (cell populations), as well as TCD3+, TCD3+/TCD4+, and TCD3+/TCD8+ lymphocytes, and GFAP in the retina and optic nerve through immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a decrease in TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-10, and IL-8 in G3 compared to G1 and an increase in TGF-β in both G2 and G3. TCD3+ retinal infiltration in all groups was primarily TCD8+ rather than TCD4+ cells, and strong GFAP expression was observed in both the retina and optic nerves in all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results suggest that cellular and humoral immune responses may play a role in glaucomatous optic neuropathy and that intravitreal hWJ-MSCs can induce an immunosuppressive environment by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and enhancing regulatory cytokines.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"232-247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140050000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Survey of Patient Perspectives on an Artificial Intelligence-Generated Presenter in a Patient Information Video about Face-Down Positioning after Vitreoretinal Surgery.","authors":"Carmelo Zak Macri, Stephen Bacchi, Wilson Wong, Duleepa Baranage, Premala Devi Sivagurunathan, Weng Onn Chan","doi":"10.1159/000541530","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Video education is a commonly used patient education tool. However, the impact of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into video education remains unexplored. This study aimed to examine the acceptability of an AI-generated presenter in a patient information video about face-down positioning after vitreoretinal surgery.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We prospectively enrolled participants who were planned for vitreoretinal surgery in which postoperative face-down positioning was recommended at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between December 2022 and September 2023. Participants were preoperatively provided with an educational video presented by an AI-generated presenter, incorporated into a surveyredcap. A pre- and post-video questionnaire was administered electronically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 15 participants included in the study. In the pre-video questionnaire, most participants rated their awareness of special equipment for positioning as \"not aware\" (33%) and \"slightly aware\" (33%). The median pre-video six-item Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Score was 12 (interquartile range 12-15). In the post-video questionnaire, most participants rated the video's quality as \"excellent\" (73%) and would recommend it to others (73%). The majority of participants strongly agreed that they understood the AI presenter (60%), felt at ease with the presenter (60%), and trusted the presenter (60%). Four participants (22%) disagreed with the statement: \"I was aware the presenter was computer generated.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Video-based education may provide information that patients find useful, particularly for physical maneuvers such as face-down positioning. The use of an AI-generated presenter was well-received by the majority of patients. Further research regarding the use of AI to develop educational video content is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"567-572"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142308280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Testing of Patients with Inherited Retinal Diseases in the European Countries: An International Survey by the European Vision Institute.","authors":"Giacomo Calzetti, Kerstin Schwarzwälder, Giorgia Ottonelli, Karolina Kaminska, Rupert Wolfgang Strauss, Elfride De Baere, Bart P Leroy, Isabelle Audo, Christina Zeitz, Claus Cursiefen, Katarina Stingl, Camiel J F Boon, João Pedro Marques, Cristina Santos, Carmen Ayuso Garcia, Pascal Escher, M Francesca Cordeiro, Fabiana D'Esposito, Peter Charbel Issa, Andrew Lotery, Siying Lin, Michel Michaelides, Carlo Rivolta, Hendrik P N Scholl","doi":"10.1159/000540607","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this project was to explore the current standards of clinical care genetic testing and counseling for patients with inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) from the perspective of leading experts in selected European countries. Also, to gather opinions on current bottlenecks and future solutions to improve patient care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>On the initiative of the European Vision Institute, a survey questionnaire with 41 questions was designed and sent to experts in the field from ten European countries. Each participant was asked to answer with reference to the situation in their own country.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen questionnaires were collected by November 2023. IRD genetic tests are performed in clinical care settings for 80% or more of tested patients in 9 countries, and the costs of genetic tests in clinical care are covered by the public health service to the extent of 90% or more in 8 countries. The median proportion of patients who are genetically tested, the median rate of genetically solved patients among those who are tested, and the median proportion of patients receiving counseling are 51-70%, 61-80%, and 61-80%, respectively. Improving the education of healthcare professionals who facilitate patient referrals to specialized centers, improving access of patients to more thorough genotyping, and increasing the number of available counselors were the most advocated solutions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a significant proportion of IRD patients who are not genetically tested, whose genetic testing is inconclusive, or who do not receive counseling. Educational programs, greater availability of state-of-the-art genotyping and genetic counselors could improve healthcare for IRD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"448-457"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Spending More Time Outdoors Able to Prevent and Control Myopia in Children and Adolescents? A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Dan Li, Sicheng Min, Xianxiong Li","doi":"10.1159/000539229","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Spending more time outdoors was treated as a safe and cost-effective method to prevent and control myopia. While prior research has established an inverse association between outdoor time and the risk of myopia onset, the effect of increasing outdoor time in delaying the progression of myopia remains a subject of debate. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the relationship between outdoor time and the myopia onset, and further examine whether there is a dose-response relationship between outdoor time and the risk of myopia onset. Meanwhile, perform whether the outdoor time is related to delaying the progression of myopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Studies were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Database, spanning from their inception to February 2023. Three cohort studies and 5 prospective intervention studies were included, with a total of 12,922 participants aged 6-16 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Comparing the highest with the lowest exposure levels of time spent outdoors, the highest outdoor time was strongly associated with a reduced risk of myopia onset (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.34, 0.82). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was found between outdoor time and myopia onset risk. Compared to 3.5 h of outdoor time per week, an increase to 7, 16.3, and 27 h per week corresponded with a respective reduction in the risk of myopia onset by 20%, 53%, and 69%. Among children and adolescents who were not myopic, spending more time outdoors significantly slowed down the speed of change in spherical equivalent refractive (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.10D, 95% CI: 0.07, 0.14) and axial length (WMD = -0.05 mm, 95% CI: -0.06, -0.03). Among children and adolescents who were already myopic, spending more time outdoors did not slow myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, spending more time outdoors can prevent the onset of myopia, but it does not seem to slow its progression. Further studies are needed to better understand these trends.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"393-404"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140864609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 4-Year Retrospective Study: Clinical Outcomes of XEN45 in Patients with Glaucoma.","authors":"María Pilar Bambó, Álvaro Tello, María José Vicente, Víctor Mallén, Andrés Biescas-Merino, Jacobo Yáñez, Carlos Isanta, Blanca Ferrández, Enrique Fuentemilla, Susana Pérez-Oliván, Noemí Güerri, José Manuel Larrosa, Vicente Polo, Luis Emilio Pablo","doi":"10.1159/000539504","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness and safety of XEN45 implant, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, in patients with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective and single center study conducted on consecutive patients who underwent a XEN45 implant, either alone or in combination with cataract surgery, between November 2016 and October 2021. The primary endpoint was the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering from preoperative values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 230 screened patients, 206 eyes (176 patients) were included. Fifty-three (25.7%) eyes had undergone XEN alone and 153 (74.3%) eyes had undergone a combined procedure (XEN+phacoemulsification). The mean preoperative IOP was significantly higher in the XEN-alone (22.2 ± 5.9 mm Hg) than in the XEN+Phaco (19.8 ± 4.5 mm Hg) group (p = 0.0035). In the overall study population, the mean preoperative IOP was significantly lowered from 20.5 ± 5.0 mm Hg to 15.8 ± 4.4 at year-4, p &lt; 0.0001. The mean preoperative (95% confidence interval) IOP was significantly lowered from 22.2 (20.6-23.8) mm Hg and 19.8 (19.1-20.6) mm Hg to 15.6 (12.2-16.9) mm Hg and 15.9 (15.2-16.5) mm Hg at year-4 in the XEN-alone and XEN+Phaco groups, respectively (p &lt; 0.0001 each, respectively). The number of ocular hypotensive medications was significant reduced from 2.6 ± 1.0 drugs to 1.3 ± 1.3 drugs, with no significant differences between XEN-alone and XEN+Phaco groups (p = 0.1671). On the first postoperative day, 62 (30.1%) eyes presented some type of complication. Fifteen (7.3%) eyes underwent a needling procedure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>XEN45, either alone or in combination with phacoemulsification, significantly lowered the IOP and reduced the need of ocular hypotensive medication in the long-term.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"478-487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141477156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Accommodation and Convergence with Axial Length Elongation in Children with Basic Intermittent Exotropia: A 12-Month Observational Study.","authors":"Jing-Xin Li, Jie Hao, Xiang-Xiang Liu, Jie Hong, Hui-Xin Li, Qiong-Yue Zhang, Yi-Yang Zhao, Lei Li, Jing Fu","doi":"10.1159/000540154","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to investigate the association of parameters related to accommodation and convergence and axial elongation in basic intermittent exotropia (IXT) patients and the potential clinical predictors of axial length (AL) growth.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 140 basic IXT patients were recruited in this study. The medians of AL growth in different age brackets were chosen to divide the subjects into group A (slower axial elongation group, n = 69) and group B (faster axial elongation group, n = 71). Parameters of dominant and nondominant eyes were compared and analyzed during the 12-month follow-up period. The parameters, including baseline refraction, angle of deviation, Newcastle control score (NCS), accommodative amplitude (AMP), accommodative facility (AMF), accommodative response, positive or negative relative accommodation (PRA/NRA), and near point of convergence (NPC), were analyzed via univariate and multivariate regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Subjects in the faster axial elongation group tended to have more myopic spherical equivalents (t = 3.956, p &lt; 0.001), greater AMPs of dominant eyes (t = -2.238, p = 0.027), and fewer near points of convergence (t = 2.347, p = 0.020) than in the slower axial elongation group. For dominant eyes, logistic and linear regression analysis revealed that more negative spherical equivalents (OR = 0.603, p &lt; 0.001; β = -0.045, p &lt; 0.001), greater AMPs (OR = 1.201, p = 0.027; β = 0.023, p = 0.010), and less near points of convergence (OR = 0.883, p = 0.021; β = -0.012, p = 0.019) were correlated with the faster axial elongation. For nondominant eyes, a more myopic spherical equivalent (OR = 0.682; p = 0.001; β = -0.029, p = 0.005) was the only parameter correlated with faster axial elongation through regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children with basic IXT, faster axial elongation in the dominant eyes was associated with more myopic spherical equivalents, greater AMPs, and lower NPCs. These accommodative parameters can serve as potential clinical indicators for monitoring myopia progression in addition to AL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"488-498"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141902572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}