Ophthalmic Research最新文献

{"title":"Ab Externo Continuous Pressure Technique for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty in Vitrectomized Eyes.","authors":"Yamit Cohen-Tayar, Amir Abd-Alkader, Irit Bahar, Eitan Livny","doi":"10.1159/000552363","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552363","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in vitrectomized eyes presents a significant surgical challenge, as the compromised counter-pressure of the iris-lens diaphragm impedes proper shallowing of the chamber, making graft unfolding and centration challenging. To address this challenge, surgeons often pivot to Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty. DMEK superior visual outcomes, fast rehabilitation and low rejection risk, have prompted the exploration of tailored DMEK techniques in vitrectomized eyes. This study describes a novel technique, which consists of continuous external pressure on the corneal surface while unfolding and orienting the graft.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A case series of 8 eyes from patients with an average age of 68 ± 13 who underwent DMEK surgery with the novel continuous pressure technique is described. Visual acuity outcomes and complications were assessed preoperatively and at 1-year follow-up. Data were analyzed using a Student t test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All corneas cleared postoperatively and remained clear for the 12-month follow-up duration. Implementation of the continuous pressure technique allowed proper unfolding and centration of DMEK grafts in all of these challenging cases. Best-corrected visual acuity following surgery improved significantly from an average of logMAR 1.05 ± 0.12 to logMAR 0.3 ± 0.16 (p = 0.003) with no intraoperative complications. Three patients underwent re-bubbling (37.5%), and 1 patient had a graft failure 3 years following DMEK.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ab externo continuous pressure technique for DMEK in vitrectomized eyes is effective and relatively easy to adopt. The technique requires no additional instrumentation and minimizes graft handling, offering a valuable option for managing these challenging cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"192-197"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147841134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Isoform Imbalance Is Associated with Innate Inflammation and Corneal Epitheliopathy in Dry Eye Disease.","authors":"Zeenal Dabre, Hyung-Geun Moon, Tanya Sheth, Bhuvanachandra Pasupuleti, Christine Mun, Kiera Byrne, Jessica Mun, Diana Hernandez, Nancy Ascencio, Jack Shehadi, Michael Flavin, Simon Kaja, Sandeep Jain","doi":"10.1159/000551958","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tear-deficient dry eye disease (DED), including Sjögren's syndrome and ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD), is often refractory to therapy. We tested whether platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) isoform imbalance, quantified as a PDGF-AB/BB: PDGF-AA ratio (\"PDGF Ratio\"), is associated with innate activation and corneal epitheliopathy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Tear samples from 151 participants were profiled across two independent assay runs: discovery (n = 79) and replication (n = 72). Data were harmonized as within-plate rank percentiles. Plate-adjusted mediation tested whether the PDGF Ratio mediated associations between tear-deficient status and an innate NF-κB composite (IL-18/IL-6/IL-8/TNF-α) and National Eye Institute (NEI) scale graded corneal staining. A parallel model for staining included Schirmer scores to distinguish trophic from aqueous volume deficiency.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The PDGF Ratio differed significantly across diagnostic groups (Kruskal-Wallis p < 0.001), driven by concurrent PDGF-AA depletion (median rank 0.69 healthy vs. 0.19 oGVHD) and PDGF-AB/BB enrichment (0.18 vs. 0.62; both p < 0.001). High ratio co-occurred with higher innate cytokine ranks and lower EGF and IFN-γ. In pooled mediation, the ratio accounted for 62.8% of the tear-deficient association with innate inflammation (indirect 0.168; 95% CI 0.118-0.225) and 34.2% of the association with corneal staining (indirect 0.117; 95% CI 0.055-0.190). The staining pathway remained significant after accounting for Schirmer (indirect 0.113; 95% CI 0.050-0.185).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tear-deficient DED exhibits a reproducible PDGF isoform imbalance that statistically accounts for substantial portions of innate activation and corneal staining. These findings support the PDGF Ratio as a coherent candidate biomarker and therapeutic axis for isoform-selective rebalancing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"129-162"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13252927/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-Term Follow-Up of Faricimab Intravitreal Injections in Naïve Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","authors":"Luca Belloni Baroni, Lisa Toto, Federico Formenti, Marzia Passamonti, Alberto Quarta, Maria Ludovica Ruggeri, Raffaella Aloia, Marta Di Nicola, Rodolfo Mastropasqua","doi":"10.1159/000550307","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of the study was to evaluate functional and anatomical changes at the 44-week follow-up in patients with naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with faricimab intravitreal injections (IVIs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-four eyes of 54 patients with naïve active macular neovascularization and nAMD were enrolled at the Ophthalmology Clinic of University \"G. d'Annunzio,\" Chieti-Pescara, Italy. All patients were scheduled for faricimab IVI. Each patient underwent complete ophthalmic examination including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts and optical coherence tomography. All measurements were evaluated at baseline, at week 20 and then according to fixed retreatment interval up to week 44. Fluorescein angiography and indocyanine green angiography were also performed at baseline. Main outcome measures were changes in BCVA, central macular thickness (CMT), subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT), intraretinal fluid presence, subfoveal subretinal fluid presence and thickness, the presence of pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs), and its maximum height (PED-MH).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BCVA improved and CMT reduced significantly from baseline to week 44 (p = 0.002 and p = 0.020, respectively) in the overall sample with a higher significant improvement from baseline to week 20 (p < 0.001 for both parameters) and no additional significant improvement from week 20 to week 44 in the overall sample (p = 0.348 and p = 0.146, respectively). At week 20, 72.3% of patients were in the Q12/Q16 interval. Patients in the Q8 interval showed significant improvement in BCVA (p < 0.001) and significant reduction of CMT (p = 0.008) from baseline to week 44, respectively. PED-MH as well showed a significant reduction from baseline to week 44 (p < 0.001). Patients in the Q12 interval showed significant improvement in BCVA (p = 0.030) and significant reduction of CMT, SFCT, and PED-MH from baseline to week 36 (p < 0.001). Patients in the Q16 interval showed significant reduction of BCVA during follow-up (p = 0.026). CMT, SFCT, and PED-MH were significantly reduced from baseline to week 44 (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Faricimab showed efficacy in the treatment of naïve nAMD patients with an improvement of many anatomical and functional parameters at 44 weeks, allowing the maintenance of a treatment regimen for most patients equal to or greater than 12 weeks.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12995346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146113809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy on Corneal Sensitivity and Ocular Surface.","authors":"Pau Cid-Bertomeu, Magí Vilaltella, Laura Capilla, Valentín Huerva","doi":"10.1159/000550306","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550306","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Diabetes mellitus (DM) is frequently associated with microvascular complications, including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). The cornea, one of the most densely innervated tissues in the body, has been proposed as a surrogate marker for small fiber neuropathy. Patients with DM often present with ocular surface disease (OSD) and corneal sensitivity impairment, but the relationship between DPN, ocular surface alterations, and inflammatory biomarkers remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate ocular surface parameters between patients with type 2 DM with and without DPN and to explore the associations among corneal sensitivity, ocular surface inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase-9 [MMP-9]), and dry eye-related parameters.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional observational study, 158 eyes of 79 patients with type 2 DM were categorized based on the presence or absence of DPN, diagnosed via electromyography. Corneal sensitivity was evaluated using the Brill esthesiometer, and tear MMP-9 levels were assessed with the InflammaDry test. Additional assessments included the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, noninvasive tear break-up time, and meibography. Corneal impairment was defined as esthesiometry levels 4-6 or pressure thresholds ≥8 mbar in either eye.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with DPN exhibited significantly reduced corneal sensitivity (6.98 ± 2.25 mbar vs. 5.62 ± 2.53 mbar; p = 0.014) and higher OSDI scores (median 26 vs. 10; p < 0.001). MMP-9 positivity was more common in patients with corneal sensory impairment (81.8% vs. 54.3%; p = 0.0215). A significant negative correlation was observed between tear osmolarity and corneal sensitivity (r = -0.182, p = 0.022). Multivariable regression showed that both DPN (β = 1.20) and MMP-9 positivity (β = 1.24) were independently associated with reduced sensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Reduced corneal sensitivity was significantly associated with the presence of DPN and with MMP-9 positivity and showed a negative correlation with tear osmolarity. Corneal sensitivity testing combined with tear MMP-9 assessment may provide complementary information on ocular surface changes in diabetic patients, although current variability and limited reproducibility prevent their use as standalone screening tools for neuropathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"56-63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12923250/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146011585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Fluorescein Staining in FDA-Reviewed Dry Eye Registrational Clinical Trials: Evidence of Limited Endpoint Responsiveness.","authors":"Zeenal Dabre, Christine Mun, Tanya Sheth, Christian Kim, Monazzah Sarwar, Natalie Ungaretti, Kiera Byrne, Simon Kaja, Sandeep Jain","doi":"10.1159/000550166","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Corneal fluorescein (FL) staining is the most widely used efficacy endpoint in dry eye disease (DED) registrational trials, yet dye diffusion and variable readout timing can blur punctate staining, reducing the precision and consistency of grading. We assessed the performance of FL staining as an efficacy endpoint by analyzing endpoint success across FDA-reviewed DED trials and evaluated whether a standardized, diffusion-resistant dye could provide an alternative quantitative measure of corneal staining.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a synthesis of FDA-reviewed DED registrational clinical trials through April 2025 to determine the proportion of trials that met the corneal FL staining efficacy endpoint. Clinical relevance was assessed using a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of ≥3 units on the 0-15 National Eye Institute (NEI) scale. In a clinical cohort of 50 DED patients (97 eyes), total corneal staining was compared after sequential instillation of 5 µL of 2% FL (readout ∼2.5 min) and 1% lissamine green (LG) (readout ≤30 s).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 20 FDA-reviewed registrational trials that prespecified corneal FL staining as an efficacy endpoint, 10 (50%) failed to meet this endpoint. Of the seven trials in which FL staining served as a primary or co-primary endpoint, only one achieved MCID for corneal staining. Across all trials meeting the endpoint, treatment-vehicle differences were small (mean additional reduction 0.4-1.2 units; Cohen's d < 0.5), indicating that FL staining yielded uniformly small effect sizes. In the clinical cohort, 1% LG produced corneal staining that was strongly associated with 2% FL for mild (ρ = 0.99), moderate (ρ = 0.93), and severe (ρ = 0.69) disease (p < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed that while the mean bias was negligible, the width of the 95% limits of agreement (-1.26 to 0.85) suggests the two corneal staining dyes are not fully interchangeable at the individual-measurement level.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Corneal FL staining demonstrates limited responsiveness as an efficacy endpoint in DED registrational trials. Because 1% LG provides corneal staining strongly associated with 2% FL while preserving discrete punctate detail and allowing standardized, early readouts, it may represent a suitable alternative vital dye for future DED efficacy and safety assessments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"24-42"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12875642/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145912412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum.","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000553199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000553199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the article by Feng et al. entitled \"Postoperative Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of High Myopia-Epiretinal Membrane Associated with Retinoschisis after Vitrectomy\" [Ophthalmic Res. 2025;68:275-284; https://doi.org/10.1159/000544928], there is an error where the funding number was incorrectly listed as 8240040319. The correct National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Grant No. should be 82401269, and the funded investigator is Xiaohan Yang.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":"69 1","pages":"236"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148649161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanisms and Safety of Therapeutic Strategies in Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Conrad Helau, Shuowen Zhou, Liangyu Zhou, Ying Chen, Kendrick Co Shih, Hua Wang, Yau Kei Chan","doi":"10.1159/000551503","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551503","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic and widespread abnormality of the meibomian glands that often results in symptoms such as eye irritation and blurred vision, significantly affecting patients' daily activities. While conventional treatments like warm compresses and meibomian gland expression remain widely used, their limitations have driven the development of novel therapeutic technologies.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review synthesizes evidence from 71 clinical and experimental studies in Medline databases on both established and emerging therapeutic strategies for MGD, including physical interventions (warm compresses, eyelid cleansing, probing and expression, thermal pulsation systems such as LipiFlow®, and intense pulsed light) and pharmacological approaches. Across these modalities, most interventions improve symptoms, tear film stability, and meibum quality primarily by enhancing glandular outflow and modulating ocular surface inflammation. Device-based physical therapies typically offer greater and more long-lasting improvements than conventional methods but are limited by cost, access, and a lack of long-term safety data.</p><p><strong>Key messages: </strong>Though the current range of MGD treatments cannot regenerate affected glands, their secreting functions can be greatly improved. Clinicians should therefore individualize treatment options according to disease stage, meibography findings, comorbid ocular surface conditions, and patient-specific factors such as tolerance, adherence, and cost.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"163-191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13309085/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147459314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Faricimab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Single-Arm Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Mohammad Karam, Moath Baeshen, Rashed Alfuzaie, Mohammad Mohammad, Asmaa Alshatti, Adam Samet, Manuel Paez-Escamilla, Vincent Sun","doi":"10.1159/000550348","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000550348","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a leading cause of vision loss and requires long-term anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of faricimab in patients with nAMD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed according to the PRISMA guidelines to identify studies assessing faricimab in nAMD. Primary outcomes included visual acuity, central macular thickness (CMT), and dry macula rate. Secondary outcomes included macular status, central choroidal thickness (CCT), and complications. A random-effects model was used to calculate pooled mean with 95% confidence intervals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 365 studies identified, 21 studies were included, comprising a total sample size of 1,864 eyes of 1,791 patients. Post-operatively, there was a statistically significant improvement in corrected distance visual acuity (standardized mean difference [SMD]: -0.122, 95% p = 0.039) and CMT (SMD: -3.672, p = 0.010). Similarly, there was a significant improvement in the rate of dry macula at the final follow-up visit (event rate: 0.529; p < 0.05). For the secondary outcomes, there was a statistically significant improvement in CCT (SMD: -0.199, p = 0.026) and in the rate of macular exudates (0.452, p < 0.05), specifically intraretinal fluid (0.140, p < 0.05) and subretinal fluid (0.271, p < 0.05). Complications secondary to faricimab injections included hemorrhagic pigment epithelial detachment with a rate of 0.120 (p < 0.05) and retinal pigment epithelium tear with a rate of 0.025 (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of faricimab injection in patients with nAMD is safe and effective, resulting in significant improvements in a myriad of visual measures and OCT parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"43-55"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12893746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145918144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Memoriam: Professor José Cunha-Vaz (1938-2026).","authors":"Hendrik P N Scholl","doi":"10.1159/000551176","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000551176","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":"69 1","pages":"83-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13068378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147654506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eye-Tracking Reading Patterns as Correlates of Clinical Measures in Glaucoma.","authors":"Mariana C Ikeda, André H Bando, Vinícius P L Nakamura, Koiti U Hamada, André Messias, Sérgio H Teixeira, Tiago S Prata, Andrew Tatham, Augusto Paranhos, Carolina P B Gracitelli","doi":"10.1159/000552562","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000552562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to make correlations between reading performance patterns - saccades, fixation and reading speed - and functional and structural exams of patients with glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study collected ophthalmologic information of primary glaucoma patients. All patients had at least 0.5 logMAR best corrected visual acuity on the evaluated eye. Aloud reading of five MNREAD slides displayed on computer screen was recorded using ISCAN Eye-Tracker software. Reading speed, number and amplitude of saccades, and number and duration of fixations were collected. Humphrey 24-2 Standard Automated Perimetry (SAP) and Cirrus Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) data were collected to make correlations with all reading patterns.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this exploratory analysis, a total of 57 patients with glaucoma were enrolled. Best-corrected visual acuity in the left eye was 0.18 (±0.16) logMAR. Central superior defect in the SAP had the slowest reading speed in all five slides (p < 0.05) and a greater number of saccades (p < 0.05 in three of 5 slides), and thinning of the inferior quadrant in OCT was the most associated with slower reading (p < 0.05 in 2 of five slides) and greater number of fixations (p < 0.05 in one of 5 slides). Peripheral SAP defects had correlation with shorter saccades.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SAP data had a stronger correlation to reading abnormalities compared to the OCT data. Central superior SAP damage is the most associated with abnormal reading patterns in a computer screen environment. Peripheral SAP injuries correlated with shorter saccades size.</p>","PeriodicalId":19662,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic Research","volume":" ","pages":"220-235"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}