Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"In utero nicotine exposure affects murine palate development","authors":"Heema Vyas,&nbsp;Amr Mohi,&nbsp;Mark Boyce,&nbsp;Emily L. Durham,&nbsp;James J. Cray","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12844","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12844","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite data linking smoking to increased risk of fetal morbidity and mortality, 11% of pregnant women continue to smoke or use alternative nicotine products. Studies confirm that nicotine exposure during pregnancy increases the incidence of birth defects; however, little research has focused on specific anatomic areas based on timing of exposure. We aim to determine critical in utero and postnatal periods of nicotine exposure that affect craniofacial development, specifically palate growth. Malformation of the palatal structures can result in numerous complications including facial growth disturbance, or impeding airway function. We hypothesized that both in utero and postnatal nicotine exposure will alter palate development.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We administered pregnant C57BL6 mice water supplemented with 100 μg/mL nicotine during early pregnancy, throughout pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation, or lactation only. Postnatal day 15 pups underwent micro-computed tomography (μCT) analyses specific to the palate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Resultant pups revealed significant differences in body weight from lactation-only nicotine exposure, and μCT investigation revealed several dimensions affected by lactation-only nicotine exposure, including palate width, palate and cranial base lengths, and mid-palatal suture width.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These results demonstrate the direct effects of nicotine on the developing palate beyond simple tobacco use. Nicotine exposure through tobacco alternatives, cessation methods, and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) may disrupt normal growth and development of the palate during development and the postnatal periods of breastfeeding. Due to the recent dramatic increase in the use of ENDS, future research will focus specifically on this nicotine delivery method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11540726/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141875511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of palate morphology in patients treated with leaf expander and hyrax expander: A geometric morphometric analysis","authors":"Francesca Silvestrini-Biavati,&nbsp;Giorgio Oliva,&nbsp;Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni,&nbsp;Elisa Ottonelli,&nbsp;Domenico Dalessandri,&nbsp;Valentina Lanteri,&nbsp;Alessandro Ugolini","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12839","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12839","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in shape of the palatal vault after maxillary expansion with hyrax expander (HE) and leaf expander (LE), using 3D Geometric Morphometric Analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Setting and Sample Population</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overall, 250 patients (110 M, 140 F) with maxillary transverse deficiency were selected for this study. In this study, 127 subjects were treated with HE, 123 with LE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digital dental models were obtained pre-treatment (T0) and after 12 months from the cementation of the device (T1) and processed by means of a digital scanner. Linear and morphometric analyses were conducted to determine the effects of each appliance on dental measurements and palatal shape, and a multiple linear regression was performed to analyse the influence of anchorage and appliance type on final shape.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Morphometric analysis showed that there was a lowering of the palatal vault in the HE group, while in the LE group it remained unchanged: the difference in palatal shape at time T0 and T1 was statistically significant in both treatments (HE vs. LE). In the HE group, the change in shape also included the upper part of the palatal vault in the vertical dimension, while in the LE group the change in shape interested mainly palatal shelves and the lower portion of the palate.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both LE and HE produce clinically significant changes in the morphology of the palatal vault.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12839","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and preclinical evidence on the bioeffects and movement-related implications of photobiomodulation in the orthodontic tooth movement: A systematic review.","authors":"Aline Gonçalves, Francisca Monteiro, Sara Brantuas, Priscilla Basset, Alejandro Estevez, Filipe S Silva, Teresa Pinho","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been demonstrated as a non-invasive and painless technique with great potential to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). However, there is a great inconsistency among PBM protocols and reported outcomes, probably due to the poor translatability of preclinical knowledge into early clinical practice. Hence, this review aims to fill this gap by establishing the state-of-the-art on both preclinical and clinical applications of PBM, and by comprehensively discussing the most suitable stimulation protocols described in the literature. This review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. A bibliographic search was carried out in the PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases using a combination of keywords. Only studies written in English were eligible and no time limit was applied. A total of 69 studies were selected for this review. The revised literature describes that PBM can effectively reduce orthodontic treatment time and produce analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. We found that PBM of 640 ± 25, 830 ± 20 and 960 ± 20 nm, delivered at a minimum energy density per irradiation point of 5 J/cm² daily or every other day sessions is robustly associated with increased tooth movement rate. Pain relief seems to be achieved with lower irradiation doses compared to those required for OTM acceleration. For the first time, the bioeffects induced by PBM for the acceleration of OTM are comprehensively discussed from a translational point of view. Collectively, the evidence from preclinical and clinical trials supports the use of PBM as a coadjuvant in orthodontics for enhancing tooth movement and managing treatment-associated discomfort. Overall, the revised studies indicate that optimal PBM parameters to stimulate tissue remodelling are wavelengths of 830 ± 20 nm and energy densities of 5-70 J/cm² applied daily or every other day can maximize the OTM rate, while lower doses (up to 16 J/cm² per session) delivered in non-consecutive days seem to be optimal for inducing analgesic effects. Future research should focus on optimizing laser parameters and treatment protocols customized for tooth and movement type. By fine-tuning laser parameters, clinicians can potentially reduce treatment times, improve patient comfort and achieve more predictable outcomes, making orthodontic care more efficient and patient-friendly, thus consolidating PBM usage in orthodontics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of MTHFR, IRF6, PAX7 and TP63 SNPs in susceptibility to non-syndromic orofacial cleft, a candidate gene study in a Portuguese population","authors":"João Mendes,&nbsp;Adriana Rocha Guimarães,&nbsp;Joana Martins Ribeiro,&nbsp;Bárbara Oliveiros,&nbsp;Luís Alcides Mesquita,&nbsp;Maria Helena Fernandes,&nbsp;Francisco José Fernandes do Vale,&nbsp;Henriqueta Coimbra Silva","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12838","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12838","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Non-syndromic orofacial cleft (NSOC) is a complex phenotype, involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Association studies exploring the genetic susceptibility to this prevalent oral malformation show variability of results in different populations. Using a candidate gene approach, we aimed to verify the role of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the susceptibility to NSOC in Portuguese patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 254 non-consanguineous individuals of Portuguese were recruited, including 120 patients with NSOC and 134 controls. About 92% of these patients had non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) and 8% had only non-syndromic cleft palate (NSCP). SNPs in the <i>MTHFR</i> (rs1801133), <i>IRF6</i> (rs642961), <i>PAX7</i> (rs742071) and <i>TP63</i> (rs9332461) genes were studied, using a real-time approach with TaqMan probes. Allelic, genotypic, dominant, recessive and over-dominant models were explored using a chi-squared test. Adjusted <i>p-</i>value was calculated for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate (FDR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. For <i>MTHFR</i>, <i>IRF6</i>, and <i>PAX7</i> SNPs, no statistically significant difference was highlighted for any of the evaluated models. For <i>TP63</i> SNP, data fitted an over-dominant model, with a protective effect for heterozygotes (OR 1.897; CI 95% [1.144–3.147]; <i>p</i> &lt; .016, when comparing controls vs. cases), but significance was lost when applying adjusted <i>p</i>-value for multiple comparisons (4 × 5 tests).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this Portuguese population, there was no evidence of an association between the evaluated SNPs and NSOC. For <i>TP63</i> SNP, the possibility of a protective effect of heterozygotes should be further investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sella turcica and facial bones: Morphological integration in the human fetal cranium","authors":"Natsuko Utsunomiya,&nbsp;Motoki Katsube,&nbsp;Yutaka Yamaguchi,&nbsp;Masanori Kumakiri,&nbsp;Naoki Morimoto,&nbsp;Shigehito Yamada","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12835","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12835","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cranial base plays a significant role in facial growth, and closer analyses of the morphological relationship between these two regions are needed to understand the morphogenesis of the face. Here, we aimed to study morphological integration between the sella turcica (ST) and facial bones during the fetal period using geometric morphometrics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Magnetic resonance images of 47 human fetuses in the Kyoto Collection, with crown-rump lengths of 29.8–225 mm, were included in this study. Anatomical homologous landmarks and semilandmarks were registered on the facial bones and the midsagittal contour of the ST, respectively. The shape variations in the craniofacial skeleton and the ST were statistically investigated by reducing dimensionality using principal component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, the morphological integration between the facial bones and ST was investigated using two-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PCA showed that small specimens represented the concave facial profile, including the mandibular protrusion and maxillary retrusion. The 2B-PLS showed a strong integration (RV coefficient = 0.523, <i>r</i> = .79, <i>p</i> &lt; .01) between the facial bones and ST. The curvature of the anterior wall of the ST was highly associated with immature facial morphology characterized by a concave profile.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The strong integration between the two regions suggested that the anterior ST may be associated with facial morphology. This result quantitatively confirms previous studies reporting ST deformities in facial anomalies and induces further research using postnatal subjects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12835","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141760126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retention efficacy and patient experience with customized clear retainer and wrap-around circumferential retainer among non-extraction orthodontic patients: A 12-month follow-up cohort study","authors":"Jun-Hyeong Bae,&nbsp;Utkarsh Mangal,&nbsp;Jae-Hun Yu,&nbsp;Jung-Yul Cha,&nbsp;Hyung-Seog Yu,&nbsp;Kee-Joon Lee,&nbsp;Sung-Hwan Choi","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12837","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12837","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study was to evaluate retention efficacy by assessing retention stability and patient perspectives according to type of circumferential retainer: the wrap-around circumferential retainer (WCR) and customized clear retainer (CCR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This cohort follow-up study involved 52 patients aged 18–62 who underwent fixed-appliance orthodontic treatment without extractions or orthognathic surgery. Following screening consenting participants were divided into WCR and CCR groups. All participants before follow-up received fixed retainers for the upper and lower anteriors and respective removable retainers within 2 weeks post-debond. Intraoral scans and lateral cephalograms were taken immediately after debonding (T0) and again 12 months later. Dentoalveolar changes in several measurements were compared to evaluate retention efficacy. Surveys were conducted at 1 month (T1) and 12 months (T2) post-debonding to assess changes in patient experiences. Outcome assessments were blinded. Paired <i>T</i>-tests and independent <i>T</i>-tests were used for intragroup and intergroup comparisons of dentoalveolar measurements, respectively. Survey responses were analysed using the Pearson Chi-Square test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The final assessment included 32 participants. Model analysis revealed no significant differences between the groups, except for maxillary intermolar width (<i>p</i> = .033). In the WCR group, the cephalometric analysis indicated a significant increase in the incisor mandibular plane angle (<i>p</i> = .002) and a decrease in the interincisal angle (<i>p</i> = .014), while changes in the CCR group were statistically non-significant. Patient attitude evaluation showed similar trends for wear time and overall satisfaction. However, a higher percentage of respondents in the WCR group reported irritation when wearing the retainers (<i>p</i> = .037) at T1 and discomfort related to speech (<i>p</i> = .038) at T2.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CCR showed better retention efficacy in terms of lower incisor inclination. Patients experienced relatively less irritation and speech discomfort with CCRs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12837","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141748824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using three-dimensional geometric morphometry for facial analysis in patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum","authors":"Petra Poláčková,&nbsp;Jiří Borovec,&nbsp;Jana Vašáková,&nbsp;Matěj Patzelt,&nbsp;Wanda Urbanová,&nbsp;Michaela Mihulová,&nbsp;Milan Macek Jr,&nbsp;Markéta Havlovicová,&nbsp;Veronika Moslerová","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12834","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12834","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To utilize three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometry for visualization of the level of facial asymmetry in patients with the oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three-dimensional facial scans of 25 Czech patients with OAVS were processed. The patients were divided into subgroups according to Pruzansky classification. For 13 of them, second 3D facial scans were obtained. The 3D facial scans were processed using geometric morphometry. Soft tissue facial asymmetry in the sagittal plane and its changes in two time spots were visualized using colour-coded maps with a thermometre-like scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individual facial asymmetry was visualized in all patients as well as the mean facial asymmetry for every Pruzansky subgroup. The mean colour-coded maps of type I and type IIA subgroups showed no differences in facial asymmetry, more pronounced asymmetry in the middle and the lower facial third was found between type IIA and type IIB (maximum 1.5 mm) and between type IIB and type III (maximum 2 mm). The degree of intensity facial asymmetry in affected middle and lower facial thirds did not change distinctly during the two time spots in all subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The 3D geometric morphometry in OAVS patients could be a useful tool for objective facial asymmetry assessment in patients with OAVS. The calculated colour-coded maps are illustrative and useful for clinical evaluation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12834","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The morphology of alveolar bone of the mandibular second and third molars in skeletal Class III patients","authors":"Liya Jiang,&nbsp;Luxi Weng,&nbsp;Xin Yu,&nbsp;Jun Lin","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12833","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12833","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To investigate the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars in skeletal Class III patients from a buccolingual direction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty skeletal Class III patients were recruited. The alveolar bone width, buccal cortical bone thickness and lingual cortical bone thickness were measured in five planes from mesial to distal and at five depths from gingival to root. The effects of the gender of the patients, the second molar lingual inclination and the third molar on alveolar bone width and cortical bone thickness were evaluated. To explore the effect of third molar extraction on alveolar bone morphology, the measurements before and after third molar extraction were compared.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The impacted third molar had significantly greater alveolar bone width and thicker buccal cortical bone at the cervical third of the molar, while the erupted third molar had greater alveolar bone width at the apical third. Three weeks after third molar extraction, these advantages would weaken owing to the reconstruction of the alveolar bone. Patients with lingually inclined molar were observed to own thicker lingual cortical bone. Males tended to have greater alveolar bone width, but no significant differences were shown in this study.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The growth of the third molar and the second molar lingual inclination affect the alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars significantly, but gender has trivial effects on the morphology. The alveolar bone morphology of the mandibular second and third molars would change 3 weeks after third molar extraction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141620646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maxillary arch dimensions in bilateral cleft lip and palate in the age 0–5 months","authors":"Adriano Porto Peixoto,&nbsp;Felicia Miranda,&nbsp;Rayane de Oliveira Pinto,&nbsp;Tiago Turri de Castro Ribeiro,&nbsp;Franciele Salazar Somensi Lara,&nbsp;Fabrício Monteiro de Castro Machado,&nbsp;Daniela Garib","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12836","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12836","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) divides the maxillary arch into three segments, separated from each other, resulting in abnormal growth of the alveolar arch. This study evaluated the maxillary arch dimensions in BCLP and compared them with neonates without craniofacial anomalies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This retrospective study was conducted in a tertiary cleft centre. Sixty-six neonates aged 0–5 months were divided into two groups: cleft group—children with BCLP (23 boys and 18 girls) and control group—children without craniofacial deformities (15 boys and 10 girls). The dental models were processed by a 3D scanner. Landmarks were marked to achieve inter-canine distance, inter-tuberosity distance and arch length measurements. <i>t</i>-Tests were used for intergroup comparisons (<i>p</i> &lt; .05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The maxillary cleft arch was demonstrated to be wider and longer in the posterior region compared to the control group. The inter-canine distance did not present differences between the cleft and controls. The inter-canine distance of the control group was the only measurement influenced by the variable sex.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cleft significantly interfered with the arch posterior width and arch sagittal length, making them larger. There was no statistical difference in the measurements between sex in the cleft group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141603974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic soft-tissue analysis on orthodontic frontal and lateral facial photographs based on deep learning","authors":"Qiao Chang,&nbsp;Yuxing Bai,&nbsp;Shaofeng Wang,&nbsp;Fan Wang,&nbsp;Yajie Wang,&nbsp;Feifei Zuo,&nbsp;Xianju Xie","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12830","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12830","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To establish the automatic soft-tissue analysis model based on deep learning that performs landmark detection and measurement calculations on orthodontic facial photographs to achieve a more comprehensive quantitative evaluation of soft tissues.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 578 frontal photographs and 450 lateral photographs of orthodontic patients were collected to construct datasets. All images were manually annotated by two orthodontists with 43 frontal-image landmarks and 17 lateral-image landmarks. Automatic landmark detection models were established, which consisted of a high-resolution network, a feature fusion module based on depthwise separable convolution, and a prediction model based on pixel shuffle. Ten measurements for frontal images and eight measurements for lateral images were defined. Test sets were used to evaluate the model performance, respectively. The mean radial error of landmarks and measurement error were calculated and statistically analysed to evaluate their reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean radial error was 14.44 ± 17.20 pixels for the landmarks in the frontal images and 13.48 ± 17.12 pixels for the landmarks in the lateral images. There was no statistically significant difference between the model prediction and manual annotation measurements except for the mid facial-lower facial height index. A total of 14 measurements had a high consistency.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on deep learning, we established automatic soft-tissue analysis models for orthodontic facial photographs that can automatically detect 43 frontal-image landmarks and 17 lateral-image landmarks while performing comprehensive soft-tissue measurements. The models can assist orthodontists in efficient and accurate quantitative soft-tissue evaluation for clinical application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141534975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}