Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Utilising Next-Generation Sequencing to Explore the Molecular Etiology of Short Root Anomaly.","authors":"Emily A Joy, David K Crossman, Mary MacDougall, Quamarul Hassan, Ejvis Lamani","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Short Root Anomaly (SRA) is a genetic dental disorder affecting tooth root development. The affected teeth have abnormally short roots and significantly reduced root to crown ratios. The aim of this study was to determine the mode of inheritance and the molecular aetiology of SRA in identified Hispanic families.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dental history was taken from 5 Hispanic families. SRA diagnosis was based on 1:1.1 C:R ratios. Whole saliva was collected from eight SRA-affected and five unaffected family members with informed consent. DNA was extracted and processed for whole exome sequencing (WES). Gene mutations associated with SRA were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Gene expression in dental cells was examined by qRT PCR, and protein localisation was determined by immunocytochemistry. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to confirm gene regulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SRA exhibited an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance in three of the five families examined. The other two families may represent a recessive trait or de novo mutations. WES analysis identified a rare mutation (rs138075877) in the H1C gene of the affected individuals from two of the AD SRA families exhibiting a localised SRA phenotype. We found this gene was differentially expressed in dental mesenchymal and epithelial cells. Finally, ChIP showed that H1C is directly regulated by a root master gene NFIC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data demonstrates that a mutation in the H1C gene may have a causal role in AD SRA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144804509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Maxillary Protraction Techniques on Maxillofacial, Dental, and Soft Tissue Outcomes in Patients With Non-Syndromic Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Hamza Parvez Siddiqui, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, Karthik Sennimalai, Maria C Meazzini, Madhanraj Selvaraj, Jitender Machawal","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To perform a quantitative assessment and best-evidence synthesis of maxillary protraction techniques for unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLAP), incorporating all available studies regardless of methodological quality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Studies on growing non-syndromic UCLAP patients requiring maxillary protraction-against treated or untreated comparator groups-were identified across databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, Ovid MEDLINE, LILACS, Cochrane Library, and grey literature until April 23, 2025. Risk of bias for included studies was assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-randomised Studies and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. A random effects model was applied using RevMan for quantitative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The search identified 1,892 articles, of which 36 met the inclusion criteria, categorised under four protraction methods: bone-anchored, skeletally-anchored facemask, facemask (FM) only, and intraoral springs, with or without expansion. Quantitative synthesis was feasible only for the FM group. Compared to no-protraction UCLAP (NP-UCLAP), Protraction group (P-UCLAP) showed a significant short-term increase in ANB angle (MD = 4.34; 95% CI: 3.65-5.03; p < 0.00001; I² = 73%). When compared to treated non-cleft individuals, FM therapy also showed a significant ANB increase (MD = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.42-1.29; p = 0.0001; χ² = 4.65; I² = 35%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FM therapy shows short-term benefits from low-quality studies for UCLAP maxillofacial growth and future studies might not be necessary as supported by sequential analysis. Evidence for skeletally anchored methods and addition of expansion to any protraction method remains weak and rigorous, long-term studies are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144799781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brand-Specific Differences in the Cytotoxicity of Clear Aligner Materials.","authors":"Catarina Nunes, Catarina Mestre, Inês P Fernandes, Maria Serra, Carlos Miguel Marto, Ana Cristina Gonçalves, Raquel Travassos, Anabela Paula, Maria Filomena Botelho, Inês Francisco, Mafalda Laranjo, Francisco Vale","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective (s): </strong>This study aims to evaluate and compare the cytotoxic effects of five commonly used clear aligner brands- ClearCorrect, Invisalign, Spark, SureSmile and Essix PLUS- on various cell lines in order to assess their in vitro cytotoxicity and safety.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three cell lines- MRC-5, 3 T3-L1 and Vero- were exposed to the conditioned medium of clear aligner materials. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. The cell cycle, viability, types of cell death and morphological variations were evaluated using flow cytometry and optical microscopy. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, applying appropriate tests with a significance level of 5%.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Invisalign and Spark demonstrated the most significant cytotoxic effects, with marked decreases in cell viability and alterations in cell cycle distribution, particularly in Vero cells. Essix PLUS showed reduced cytotoxicity when thermoformed, suggesting that the manufacturing process may influence the material's safety profile. Morphological analysis confirmed that apoptosis and necrosis were the primary mechanisms of cell death.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Clear aligner materials showed varying levels of cytotoxicity, with Invisalign and Spark exhibiting the most pronounced effects, while Essix PLUS demonstrated lower cytotoxicity under certain conditions. These findings highlight the importance of material formulation and manufacturing processes in ensuring safety. Further research is needed to optimise aligner materials for both clinical efficacy and biocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144784925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Treatment Effectiveness in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion: Surgery-First Approach Using Clear Aligners Versus Fixed Appliances.","authors":"Yang Zhou, Xiaojing Liu, Zili Li, Bingshuang Zou","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess treatment outcomes, identify predictors of relapse in skeletal Class III patients treated with the surgery-first approach (SFA), comparing fixed appliances (FA) with invisalign clear aligners (CA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Forty adult patients treated with bimaxillary surgery and SFA were retrospectively enrolled: 20 with FA and 20 with CA. Serial cephalograms were obtained preoperatively (T0) and at 1 week (T1), 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively (T2-T4). Intergroup differences were assessed using RM-ANOVA, independent-samples t-tests, and chi-squared tests. Predictors of relapse were identified using Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treatment duration and number of visits revealed no significant differences between the two groups. Most relapses occurred within the first 3 months postoperatively, followed by a gradual decline over the 12-month period. No significant differences in skeletal stability were observed between the FA and CA groups. However, the FA group exhibited significantly greater maxillary anteroposterior (AP) relapse (-0.98 mm) compared with the CA group (0.39 mm, p < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that FA treatment and greater maxillary advancement were positively associated with a greater magnitude of maxillary AP relapse. Additionally, mandibular AP relapse was associated with greater mandibular changes and less maxillary movement during surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment efficiency and skeletal stability were similar between FA and CA in SFA-treated Class III patients, though CA provided better maxillary stability. Close monitoring during the first 3 months post-surgery is recommended to prevent dental and skeletal side effects.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>Registration number: ChiCTR2500104667.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144775934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanical Effect of Unexpected Minor Aligner Circumference Changes on Lower Incisors During Intrusion: A Finite Element Analysis.","authors":"Xiaoni Duan, Yiru Jiang, Jue Wang, Li Xu, Yanmei Huang, Lu Zhang, Wen Li, Xiaoxia Feng","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Unplanned changes in aligner circumference may occur during anterior teeth intrusion with clear aligner treatment (CAT), potentially affecting root movement, an important yet often overlooked factor. This study investigated the biomechanical effects of minor aligner circumference changes on lower incisors during intrusion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Nine finite element analysis models of CAT were created based on the original model. These models were divided into the following groups: the 2 groups of incisors intrusion (0.25 and 0.5 mm), 3 groups of 0.25 mm intrusion combined with aligner circumference changes (-0.1, -0.2 and + 0.1 mm), and 4 groups of 0.25 mm intrusion combined with labial crown torque (0.5°, 1°, 1.5° and 2°).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the control group (0.25 mm intrusion), the experimental group (0.5 mm intrusion) showed that lower incisors exhibited greater vertical intrusion (0.016 mm vs. 0.012 mm), more lingual crown movement (0.10 mm vs. 0.04 mm), and increased labial root movement (0.021 mm vs. 0.006 mm) sagittally. The 0.25 mm intrusion combined with a -0.1 mm aligner circumference increased labial root movement of lower incisors. As the aligner circumference shortened, this effect became more pronounced. Conversely, the group with a +0.1 mm aligner circumference reduced labial root movement. With additional labial crown torque applied to the lower incisors, the roots shifted from labial to lingual. The central incisor achieved pure intrusion at a labial crown torque of 1.06° per 0.25 mm intrusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Minor changes in the aligner circumference might significantly induce sagittal root movement of lower incisors during intrusion. Orthodontists should carefully monitor unplanned variations in aligner circumference during incisor intrusion to minimise unintended root movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144765130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Aligners Force Analysis in the Maxillary Arch During En-Masse Retraction With Different Attachment Positions.","authors":"Yongjie Fan, Xiaonan Sun, Xin Lv, Le An, Junting Wei, Bingle Wang, Gebing Liu","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to analyse the three-dimensional forces acting on maxillary teeth with aligners activation of en-masse retraction based on the different attachment positions in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three groups were designed for the same 0.25 mm en-masse retraction forces with three different attachment positions. Group A1, without attachments; Group A2, with buccal attachments on maxillary posterior teeth; and Group A3, with lingual attachments on maxillary posterior teeth. Each group consisted of 12 aligners. Aligner forces were measured on a six-axis force transducer measurement system in real time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In Group A1 and A2, lingual and extrusive forces were observed on incisors, and canines primarily received distal forces. Mesial and lingual forces were both seen on posterior teeth. The forces on anterior teeth in Group A2 were significantly greater, and those on posterior teeth were significantly smaller than Group A1 (p < 0.05). In Group A3, lingual and extrusive forces on incisors and distal forces on canines were significantly greater than those in Group A1 and A2 (p < 0.05), while posterior teeth showed significantly smaller mesial and lingual forces (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The position of attachments on maxillary posterior teeth significantly influences the force distribution on the maxillary dentition. Lingual attachments are more conducive to anterior teeth retraction and posterior teeth anchorage preservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144760727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Artificial Intelligence in Predicting the Treatment Effects of Headgear and/or Functional Appliance on the Maxillo-Mandibular Growth in Preadolescent Patients With Skeletal Class II Malocclusion.","authors":"Soichiro Yamada, Hee Ji Yoon, Youna Huh, Yoshinobu Yanagi, Jae Hyun Park, Kiyoshi Tai, Namkug Kim, Seung-Hak Baek","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) in predicting the effects of headgear (HG) and/or functional appliance (FA) on the maxillo-mandibular growth in preadolescent patients with skeletal Class II (C-II) malocclusion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 206 Japanese preadolescent C-II patients treated with HG and/or FA, with serial lateral cephalograms taken at ages of 8 (T0) and 10 (T1). A single orthodontist with 7 years of experience identified 28 hard-tissue cephalometric landmarks. A Treatment Prediction Graph Convolutional Neural Network (TP-GCNN), integrating a high-resolution network and a graph neural network, was trained and validated using the landmarks' x- and y-coordinates. Data was split into training, validation and testing sets (ratio of 8:1:1; n = 164, n = 21 and n = 21). Model performance was assessed using the values of prediction error (PE, excellent, ≤ 0.5 mm; very good, 0.5-1.0 mm; good, 1.0-1.5 mm; acceptable, 1.5-2.0 mm; unsatisfactory, > 2.0 mm) and the degree of accurate prediction percentage (APP; very high, ≥ 90%; high, 70%-90%; medium, 50%-70%; low, < 50%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean PE value was 1.45 mm. In terms of PE, all landmarks showed the accuracy above the 'acceptable' category. In terms of APP, 'High' APP was observed at Hinge axis, Pterygoid point, A-point, PNS, ANS, R1, R3 and Articulare. However, 'Low' APP was noted for Pm, Pogonion, B-point and Menton. The remaining landmarks demonstrated 'Medium' APP.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the potential of AI to reliably predict the effects of HG and/or FA treatment in preadolescent patients with Class II malocclusion.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144708405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning Based Evaluation of Skeletal Maturation: A Comparative Analysis of Five Hand-Wrist Methods.","authors":"Serhat Tentaş, Samet Özden","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of deep learning algorithms in skeletal age estimation by comparing the diagnostic reliability of five different hand-wrist maturation (HWM) assessment methods.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 6572 hand-wrist radiographs from orthodontic patients aged 8-16 years were retrospectively analysed. Radiographs were categorised into five groups based on HWM classification methods: (I) Björk's nine-stage, (II) Hägg and Taranger's five-stage, (III) Chapman's four-stage, (IV) three-stage hook of hamate ossification based and (V) simplified three-stage Björk's classification based. YOLOv8x-based deep learning models were trained separately for each group. The dataset was split into training, validation and test subsets. Performance was evaluated using accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score and AUC metrics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The YOLOv8x-cls model demonstrated high classification performance across all five groups. Group IV and Group II achieved the highest accuracy and F1 scores, with average F1 values of 0.99 and 0.96, respectively. Group III and Group V also showed strong performance (F1 = 0.93 and 0.92). In Group I, slightly lower classification performance was observed in the S-H2 and MP3-Cap stages (F1 = 0.72-0.74), which correspond to the pubertal growth peak, while early and late skeletal maturation stages were classified with high accuracy and F1 scores. ROC curve analysis further supported these findings, with AUC values for MP3-Cap and S-H2 recorded as 0.70 and 0.75, respectively, whereas higher AUC values were achieved in most other stages across all groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deep learning models proved effective in evaluating skeletal maturation across five different HWM methods. Particularly high performance was observed in anatomically distinct regions such as the MP3, adductor sesamoid and hamate bone, which can be reliably identified by general dentists, enabling earlier referrals and timely orthodontic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Double-Axis Maxillary Skeletal Expander Suggests Higher Expansion Efficiency in Early Activation: A Finite Element Analysis.","authors":"Kaviya Kanokpongsak, Prajak Jariyapongpaiboon, Sorapon Na Lampang, Phetcharat Dhammayannarangsi, Nicha Ungvijanpunya, Thanaphum Osathanon, Pornchai Jansisyanont, Nuttapol Limjeerajarus, Chalida Nakalekha Limjeerajarus","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Conventional single-axis maxillary skeletal expanders (MSE) have some drawbacks, such as limited control over maxillary expansion and possible asymmetric expansion between the anterior nasal spine (ANS) and posterior nasal spine (PNS). This report introduces a double-axis maxillary skeletal expander (DAMSE) concept to overcome these drawbacks and enhance the efficiency of maxillary skeletal expansion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Five different DAMSE designs were compared with a conventional single-axis MSE. Finite element analysis was performed to analyse their expansion efficiency, stress magnitude and distribution occurring in a simplified bone model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>DAMSE outperformed the single-axis MSE and provided better control over ANS and PNS expansion. During early activation, the highest expansion efficiency (31.7%) was achieved by DAMSE Model V, 13% more efficient than the single-axis MSE. This efficiency was increased to 100.8% by combining the DAMSE Model V with midpalatal suture surgery. However, with the simplified bone model, the current study could not demonstrate that DAMSE can resolve the issue of asymmetric expansion between ANS and PNS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>An appropriately designed DAMSE can be a promising tool for maxillary expansion treatment. DAMSE offers more efficient treatment than the conventional single-axis MSE while maintaining similar levels of patient comfort and invasiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144699212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment Effects and Treatment Time in Adolescents With Crowded and Displaced Teeth Treated With Fixed Appliance Systems Without Extractions: A Multi-Centre Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Linda Bokander Matilainen, Kristina Johansson, Michal Wiaderny, Anna Brechter, Sofia Petrén, Vincenzo D'Antò, Liselotte Paulsson","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To assess and compare treatment effects and treatment time in adolescents with crowded and displaced teeth during and after non-extraction treatments using a passive self-ligating bracket system (PSLB) and a conventional bracket system (CB).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Consecutive adolescents (12-17 years old) with crowded and displaced teeth were randomised through computer generated block randomisation in a two-arm parallel-group design, to non-extraction fixed appliance treatment with either PSLB (Damon Q, n = 62) or CB (Victory, n = 70) at four orthodontic clinics. Study models and cephalograms were collected at baseline, post-alignment and post-treatment. Primary outcome was assessed with weighted Peer Assessment Rating index (wPAR) and secondary outcomes with Little's Irregularity Index (LII), and as transversal width (mm), incisor inclination (°), position (mm) and treatment time (months).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Intergroup differences in wPAR with mean score reductions of -24.07 (CB) and -22.11 (PSLB), LII upper/lower arch reductions of -9.02/-5.96 (CB) and -8.44/-5.29 (PSLB), and mean treatment times of 21.74 (CB) and 24.35 (PSLB) months were non-significant (NS). Lateral expansion was greater in the PSLB group during alignment; mean intergroup maxillary differences (MD) were 1.35 at inter-canines, 1.21 mm at first inter-premolars, and mandibular MD were 0.75 at first, 0.76 mm at second inter-premolars (p ≤ 0.019). Greater incisor proclination was observed in the CB group (L1NB, MD = 2.28°; ILiML, MD = 2.23°) (p ≤ 0.016). Intergroup differences post-treatment were NS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Great occlusal treatment outcomes were observed in both groups with no significant difference in treatment time. Although the expansion patterns differed during alignment, no significant intergroup difference remained after treatment.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The protocol is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05664282).</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144691093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}