Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Digital Innovations in Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review of Virtual Surgical Planning, Digital Transfer, and Conventional Model Surgery.","authors":"Sepehr Kobravi, Aida Jafari, Mohammadhassan Lotfalizadeh, Abolfazl Azimi","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Orthognathic surgery has evolved due to the use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and digital model surgery, which are technological advancements replacing conventional approaches with accurate personalised digital models made from computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans. Their integration has enhanced surgical efficiency, patient satisfaction and communication among surgeons and patients, while some challenges such as cybersecurity issues and the requirement for information technology backup have also been noted in hospitals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>From January 2013 to October 2024, this systematic review aimed at orthognathic surgery virtual planning; it was carried out on the basis of a digital library with 437 works from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Web of Science and Scopus searched through an initial selection of specific keywords. The final step is filtering out irrelevant studies through scrutiny, resulting in 25 original interventional studies that met inclusion criteria for quality control purposes via bias analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In relation to the future of orthognathic surgery, it can be advanced by improving VSP, digital transfer techniques and conventional model surgery with technical innovations that need to meet the challenges. The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into VSP can be an opportunity for its development in the sphere of accuracy and visualisation during surgery with augmented reality (AR) utilisation. Among them are the real-time data integration offered by digital transfer techniques, but they are hindered in cost and standardisation. On the other hand, conventional model surgery may revolutionise with three-dimensional (3D) printing; however, there is a long way to go for conventional model surgery to address time constraints as well as ecological concerns. Compatibility issues, training needs and ethical considerations represent three major obstacles that must be tackled successfully so that surgery will have a bright future.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Case complexity and patient preferences are important factors that should be considered before making a decision about orthognathic surgery. VSP offers precision for complicated cases. Real-time guidance can be achieved using digital transfer techniques, whereas traditional model surgery provides a tactile, hands-on experience. Analysing digital innovations jointly will enhance orthognathic patient care and education while improving patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Craniofacial Changes Among Children and Adolescents Submitted to Growth Hormone Therapy: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Raul Borges Nascimento, Suelly Maria Mendes Ribeiro, Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes, David Normando","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12937","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this systematic review was to investigate the association between craniofacial changes and growth hormone (GH) therapy among children and adolescents with GH deficiency or idiopathic short stature (ISS). The PRISMA guideline was followed to carry out all stages of this review. An electronic search was conducted in seven databases, without year or language restrictions. The study selection was carried out in two stages by two calibrated examiners. Studies exploring craniofacial changes among children and adolescents with GH deficiency or ISS undergoing GH therapy were included. After data extraction, the risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool and the RoB 2.0 Checklist. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Among the 4494 identified citations, seven studies met the eligibility criteria. These studies evaluated the impact of GHs on cephalometric measurements and dental age. No differences between immediate and delayed treatments were found in maxillary and mandibular dimensions. All selected articles showed a low risk of bias. A low certainty of evidence was observed for all outcomes assessed. GH therapy appears to result in a small increase in mandibular dimensions, although without clinical significance characteristic of adverse effects. Clinical trials and long-term follow-up studies of these patients are needed to develop accurate recommendations regarding the effects of GHs in the craniofacial region. Growth hormone may result in a slight increase in mandibular and maxillary dimensions, without significant adverse effects to general health. Controlled intervention studies with long-term follow-up are needed to establish more precise recommendations. Trial Registration: PROSPERO database (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/): CRD42024511329.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose Reduction by Field of View Optimisation in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography of Unilateral Alveolar Clefts.","authors":"Tobias Regnstrand, Semra Konstantin Top, Agneta Karsten, Reinhilde Jacobs, Daniel Benchimol","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate how much the field of view (FOV) can be decreased while still depicting the necessary anatomical structures. A secondary aim was to assess how many incidental findings were missed with a reduced FOV.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 170 CBCT volumes from children with a mean age of 9.4 years were collected. All CBCT had a FOV of 80 × 50 mm covering the maxilla. The present study analysed whether a smaller FOV can be used while still including necessary anatomical structures. Measurements of the minimal height and width that include vital anatomical structures were performed with two FOV reduction protocols: one smaller (includes the cleft, adjacent central incisor and adjacent canine) and one larger (includes both canines, nasal floor and the cleft).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The use of the larger protocol resulted in a FOV of 44.3 × 36.5 mm (95th percentile); for the smaller protocol, the FOV was 28.1 × 34.9 mm (95th percentile). In the larger protocol, incidental findings were missed in 22%. In the smaller protocol, 35% of the incidental findings were missed. However, most of these findings were irrelevant to the planning of the bone graft.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A FOV of 50 × 40 mm (41% dose reduction compared with the original FOV) is suggested to fully depict the cleft area, central incisors, nasal floor and both canines. A FOV of 35 × 40 mm (56% dose reduction compared with the original FOV) is suggested to depict the cleft and the ipsilateral canine and central incisor adjacent to the cleft.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144022308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mandibular Condylar Cartilage in Development and Diseases: A PTHrP-Centric View.","authors":"Chiaki Tsutsumi-Arai, Amy Tran, Yuki Arai, Wanida Ono, Noriaki Ono","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The mandibular condylar cartilage (MCC) is a dual-function component of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), acting as both articular cartilage for jaw movement and growth cartilage for vertical growth of the mandibular condyle. Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) plays a critical role in orchestrating chondrogenesis in the long bone, and its importance is also highlighted in both MCC development and TMJ function. Here, we discuss the role of PTHrP in the development, growth and diseases of the MCC. PTHrP is a key morphogen in the MCC that regulates chondrogenesis by promoting chondrocyte proliferation and preventing premature hypertrophic differentiation. Exclusively expressed in the superficial layer, PTHrP diffuses across the MCC and targets chondrocytes in deeper layers, regulating transcription factors such as RUNX2 and SOX9. PTHrP regulates chondrocyte differentiation through two main pathways: the PTHrP-PTH1R signalling pathway, which suppresses hypertrophy and the PTHrP-Ihh negative feedback loop, which balances proliferation and hypertrophy. In the postnatal murine MCC, PTHrP levels are high early on and decrease after the onset of mastication around P21. Altered mechanical environments, such as those therapeutically induced as mandibular advancement, increase PTHrP expression, promoting chondrocyte proliferation and delaying hypertrophy. PTHrP also plays a dual role in adult TMJ diseases, particularly in osteoarthritis (OA); PTHrP expression transiently increases during the early stages of TMJ-OA to promote cell proliferation, but its eventual decrease contributes to the progression of the disease. This highlights the complex role of PTHrP in maintaining MCC homeostasis and its potential involvement in TMJ-OA pathology. The MCC combines the characteristics of growth and articular cartilage and functions distinctively in three phases: development before occlusion, growth after the occlusion is established, and maintenance after the growth is complete. While PTHrP plays a multifaceted role in all phases, further research is needed to fully understand how it regulates MCC development, growth and diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144033721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Maxillary Expansion and Protraction in Class III Children on Quality of Life, Dentofacial and Upper Airway Characteristics: A Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Stjepan Spalj, Martina Zigante, Vedrana Tudor, Taner Öztürk, Ahmet Yağcı, Juan Martin Palomo","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12935","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the relationship between early dentofacial orthopaedic treatment, improvement in the width of oropharynx and nasopharynx, and quality of life.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-three prepubertal children with skeletal Class III (median age 9 years; 56% females) received treatment with a maxillary expander and facemask. These subjects were matched with two control groups: one comprising an equal number of untreated Class III individuals, and the other consisting of untreated Class I controls. Cephalograms were analysed, and both children and their parents self-administered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire, Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Treated Class III cases showed significant increases in the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway width (p ≤ 0.033), with greater changes in the nasopharyngeal width compared to untreated Class III cases (p = 0.040). Compared to untreated Class III and Class I groups, treated Class III cases exhibited reduced mandibular prominence and sagittal skeletal Class, increased overjet, overbite, vertical facial dimension, and greater retroclination and retrusion of mandibular incisors (p ≤ 0.011). Prior to and following orthodontic treatment, Class III cases reported a lower quality of life across all dimensions compared to Class I controls (p ≤ 0.032). An increase in maxillary anterior movement and oropharyngeal width correlated with a decrease in functional limitations reported by children (r = -0.411-(-0.413)); (p ≤ 0.022).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Maxillary expansion and protraction in prepubertal Class III children can enhance upper airways width, and children associate these improvements with a reduction in functional limitations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: From a Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Care Model.","authors":"Maryam Arab, Yasmeen S El Ansari, Rafael Pelayo, Audrey Yoon","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this study is to offer a comprehensive overview of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), a prevalent condition characterised by intermittent upper airway obstruction that impairs both ventilation and sleep. The design of the study was a literature review using an electronic search. The study extensively reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, sequelae and diagnostic approaches of paediatric OSA. It highlights the role of various healthcare professionals in the management of this disorder, with each specialist providing unique contributions to the diagnosis, treatment and ongoing management of OSA. The current state of sleep teams managing OSA is multidisciplinary, including sleep physicians, pulmonologists and otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons), each contributing distinct expertise. This review contrasts a multidisciplinary approach, which relies on separate expert contributions, with an interdisciplinary model that emphasises integrated, collaborative decision-making for comprehensive, patient-centred care. This review focuses on the interactions between dental and medical professionals, as other papers will provide more detailed insights into the roles of other specialists, such as myofunctional therapists, nutritionists and others. In conclusion, the evolution from a multidisciplinary to an interdisciplinary care model marks a significant development in clinical practice, enhancing cooperation and shared decision-making among healthcare professionals, thereby improving the quality of life for paediatric patients with OSA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Force Induces Osteogenic Differentiation of Murine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells via TGF-β Signalling.","authors":"Jeeranan Manokawinchoke, Phoonsuk Limraksasin, Chalida N Limjeerajarus, Nuttapol Limjeerajarus, Lakshman P Samaranayake, Hiroshi Egusa, Thanaphum Osathanon","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Mechanical forces are pivotal in regulating various cellular responses, particularly in periodontal ligament and bone. However, the effects of mechanical force are contingent upon several factors, including force types, duration, magnitude and the differentiation stage of the cells. The present study investigated the impact of intermittent compressive force (ICF) on osteogenic differentiation in murine gingiva-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (miPS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adherent retinoic acid-treated miPS were subjected to ICF in a serum-free medium for 24 h. Real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining were employed to evaluate mRNA and protein expression patterns. In vitro mineralisation was assessed using alizarin red S staining.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings revealed that ICF treatment induced the expression of osteogenic markers, including Runx2, Col1a1, Opn and Dlx5. Furthermore, ICF promoted the release of extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) at 24 h. Pretreatment with ICF increased in vitro mineralisation, while ATP priming did not enhance mineralisation in adherent retinoic acid-treated miPS. A TGF-β inhibitor attenuated the ICF-upregulated Runx2, Col1a1, Opn and Dlx5 as well as the ICF-induced in vitro mineralisation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, our results suggest that ICF can induce osteogenic differentiation of adherent retinoic acid-treated miPS, mediated through TGF-β signalling. Eventually, such information could be of value in controlling iPS responses during regenerative treatment applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy and Time Efficiency of Automated Tooth Segmentation in Dental Imaging-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Neeraj Kumar Dudy, Shubhnita Verma, Prasad Chitra","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review examined the accuracy and efficiency of AI-based automated tooth segmentation methods compared to manual or ground truth techniques. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, SciELO, LILACS, the German National Library of Medicine, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science and grey literature sources (OpenGrey) up to 1 January 2024, without restrictions. The Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Forty-two studies were included in the systematic review, of which 37 were included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity and specificity values ranged from 0.75 to 1 and 0.85 to 1, respectively, indicating good segmentation accuracy. Comparisons of the dice segmentation coefficient between AI and manual methods showed no significant difference (SMD = 0.05, p = 0.9), whereas ground truth AI algorithms outperformed proposed AI algorithms (SMD = 2.42, p < 0.00001). The Hausdorff distance revealed no significant difference between AI and manual methods, but proposed AI algorithms demonstrated superiority over ground truth AI algorithms (SMD = -5.76, p < 0.01). AI algorithms were also significantly faster than manual methods. Current evidence suggests that AI algorithms for tooth segmentation perform comparably to manual segmentation. Moreover, recent automated algorithms have shown superior performance compared to ground truth algorithms. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the very low certainty of evidence, largely attributed to bias and high heterogeneity. Further well-designed and rigorously reported studies are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lingual Ultrasound Study of Speech in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate Following Orthognathic Surgery.","authors":"Griffin Lowry, Erika Rezende Silva, Jeannene Matthews, Ayumi Shoji, Timothy Turvey, George Blakey, David Zajac, Jeff Mielke, Laura Anne Jacox","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech of Class III ('underbite') patients with repaired cleft lip and palate (CLP) through ultrasound imaging, aerodynamic assessment and articulatory analyses before and after surgery to evaluate how surgery impacts articulation, velopharyngeal (VP) function and hypernasality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Tongue gestures of five Class III patients with repaired CLP, five Class III patients without CLP and five Class I controls were visualised through ultrasound imaging pre- and post-surgery. Tongue Dorsum Excursion Index and Tongue Constraint Position Index (TCPI) were calculated using ultrasound, and VP insufficiency (VPI) indices were measured using pressure flow assessment and compared with qualitative-perceptual ratings by Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for significant post-operative changes in Dorsum Excursion Index and TCPI among consonants. Pressure flow measures are expected to estimate VP gap size during speech using PERCI-SARS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CLP had significantly lower Dorsum Excursion Index for /k/ before front (p = 0.001) and back vowels (p < 0.001). TCPI revealed consistently lower values for patients with CLP than controls and Class III patients, with inter- and intra-speaker variation for all consonants. Pressure flow data of two patients with CLP showed evidence of VPI and altered nasality post-surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with CLP present with lower Dorsum Excursion Index and TCPI when compared to controls, suggesting more anterior tongue positioning. Dorsum Excursion Index and TCPI can be used to understand tongue shape and movement changes, potentially elucidating functional effects of jaw surgery on speech. Dorsum Excursion Index and pressure flow data indicate increased compensatory articulations and VPI after orthognathic surgery for patients with CLP, impacting speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Machine Learning in Image Analysis to Identify Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nozhan Azimi, Katayoun Talebi Rafsanjan, Mohammad Mahdi Khanmohammadi Khorami, Asghar Ebadifar, Ali Azadi","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Craniosynostosis is a condition characterised by the premature fusion of cranial sutures, which can lead to significant neurodevelopmental and aesthetic issues if not diagnosed and treated early. This study aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of studies utilising machine learning (ML) models to diagnose craniosynostosis in photographs or radiographs from humans, evaluating their accuracy through sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus until October 2024 regarding the following PECO question: 'Should ML models (E) be used to diagnose craniosynostosis in photographs or radiographs from humans (P) compared to a reference standard (C) based on their sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (O)?'. Studies employing ML to diagnose craniofacial deformities on photographs and radiographs of human subjects were included. Using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2), the risk of bias was assessed. A bivariate random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to pool the diagnostic odds ratio, sensitivity and specificity of the included studies. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the overall strength of the clinical recommendation and estimated meta-evidence. An initial search yielded 685 articles. After screening, 47 articles were selected for a full-text review. Eventually, 28 studies were selected for the systematic review, and 17 were included in the meta-analysis. The results, with an overall moderate certainty, indicated an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-1.00), an overall sensitivity of 97% (95% CI: 94%-98%) and an overall specificity of 97% (95% CI: 94%-99%). The estimated pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 1131 (95% CI: 290-4419). The present study showed that the ML approaches possess high efficiency and applicability in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis in photographs or radiographs from humans. These findings affirm that ML models should be considered viable diagnostic tools for craniosynostosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}