Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Accuracy and Time Efficiency of Automated Tooth Segmentation in Dental Imaging-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Neeraj Kumar Dudy, Shubhnita Verma, Prasad Chitra","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12924","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic review examined the accuracy and efficiency of AI-based automated tooth segmentation methods compared to manual or ground truth techniques. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ScienceDirect, SciELO, LILACS, the German National Library of Medicine, IEEE Xplore, Web of Science and grey literature sources (OpenGrey) up to 1 January 2024, without restrictions. The Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 (QUADAS-2) was used to evaluate the risk of bias in the included studies. Forty-two studies were included in the systematic review, of which 37 were included in the meta-analysis. Sensitivity and specificity values ranged from 0.75 to 1 and 0.85 to 1, respectively, indicating good segmentation accuracy. Comparisons of the dice segmentation coefficient between AI and manual methods showed no significant difference (SMD = 0.05, p = 0.9), whereas ground truth AI algorithms outperformed proposed AI algorithms (SMD = 2.42, p < 0.00001). The Hausdorff distance revealed no significant difference between AI and manual methods, but proposed AI algorithms demonstrated superiority over ground truth AI algorithms (SMD = -5.76, p < 0.01). AI algorithms were also significantly faster than manual methods. Current evidence suggests that AI algorithms for tooth segmentation perform comparably to manual segmentation. Moreover, recent automated algorithms have shown superior performance compared to ground truth algorithms. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the very low certainty of evidence, largely attributed to bias and high heterogeneity. Further well-designed and rigorously reported studies are necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144008092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Lingual Ultrasound Study of Speech in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate Following Orthognathic Surgery.","authors":"Griffin Lowry, Erika Rezende Silva, Jeannene Matthews, Ayumi Shoji, Timothy Turvey, George Blakey, David Zajac, Jeff Mielke, Laura Anne Jacox","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study evaluated the effects of orthognathic surgery on speech of Class III ('underbite') patients with repaired cleft lip and palate (CLP) through ultrasound imaging, aerodynamic assessment and articulatory analyses before and after surgery to evaluate how surgery impacts articulation, velopharyngeal (VP) function and hypernasality.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Tongue gestures of five Class III patients with repaired CLP, five Class III patients without CLP and five Class I controls were visualised through ultrasound imaging pre- and post-surgery. Tongue Dorsum Excursion Index and Tongue Constraint Position Index (TCPI) were calculated using ultrasound, and VP insufficiency (VPI) indices were measured using pressure flow assessment and compared with qualitative-perceptual ratings by Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs). Linear mixed-effects models were used to test for significant post-operative changes in Dorsum Excursion Index and TCPI among consonants. Pressure flow measures are expected to estimate VP gap size during speech using PERCI-SARS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with CLP had significantly lower Dorsum Excursion Index for /k/ before front (p = 0.001) and back vowels (p < 0.001). TCPI revealed consistently lower values for patients with CLP than controls and Class III patients, with inter- and intra-speaker variation for all consonants. Pressure flow data of two patients with CLP showed evidence of VPI and altered nasality post-surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patients with CLP present with lower Dorsum Excursion Index and TCPI when compared to controls, suggesting more anterior tongue positioning. Dorsum Excursion Index and TCPI can be used to understand tongue shape and movement changes, potentially elucidating functional effects of jaw surgery on speech. Dorsum Excursion Index and pressure flow data indicate increased compensatory articulations and VPI after orthognathic surgery for patients with CLP, impacting speech.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Machine Learning in Image Analysis to Identify Craniosynostosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nozhan Azimi, Katayoun Talebi Rafsanjan, Mohammad Mahdi Khanmohammadi Khorami, Asghar Ebadifar, Ali Azadi","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Craniosynostosis is a condition characterised by the premature fusion of cranial sutures, which can lead to significant neurodevelopmental and aesthetic issues if not diagnosed and treated early. This study aimed to systematically review and conduct a meta-analysis of studies utilising machine learning (ML) models to diagnose craniosynostosis in photographs or radiographs from humans, evaluating their accuracy through sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic odds ratio. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus until October 2024 regarding the following PECO question: 'Should ML models (E) be used to diagnose craniosynostosis in photographs or radiographs from humans (P) compared to a reference standard (C) based on their sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic odds ratio (O)?'. Studies employing ML to diagnose craniofacial deformities on photographs and radiographs of human subjects were included. Using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2), the risk of bias was assessed. A bivariate random-effect meta-analysis was conducted to pool the diagnostic odds ratio, sensitivity and specificity of the included studies. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the overall strength of the clinical recommendation and estimated meta-evidence. An initial search yielded 685 articles. After screening, 47 articles were selected for a full-text review. Eventually, 28 studies were selected for the systematic review, and 17 were included in the meta-analysis. The results, with an overall moderate certainty, indicated an AUC of 0.99 (95% CI: 0.98-1.00), an overall sensitivity of 97% (95% CI: 94%-98%) and an overall specificity of 97% (95% CI: 94%-99%). The estimated pooled diagnostic odds ratio was 1131 (95% CI: 290-4419). The present study showed that the ML approaches possess high efficiency and applicability in the diagnosis of craniosynostosis in photographs or radiographs from humans. These findings affirm that ML models should be considered viable diagnostic tools for craniosynostosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescent Orthodontic Adhesive With APTES-Modified ZnO Quantum Dots: Bond Strength, Cytocompatibility, and Clinical Feasibility.","authors":"Jiarong Yan, Heng Sun, Zongshuai Liu, Zhonglu Yang, Ting Luo, Xiaozhu Liao, Nannan Wang, Hong He, Fang Hua","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12932","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To develop a fluorescent adhesive by incorporating 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified ZnO quantum dots (A-ZnOQDs) and to evaluate its bond strength, rheological properties, cytocompatibility, and removal performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ZnOQDs were modified with APTES and blended with commercial orthodontic adhesive to construct the fluorescent adhesive, which was divided into four groups (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt.%). Shear bond strength (SBS) was measured with a universal testing machine. Rheological properties were evaluated through a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) test. Cytocompatibility was assessed with a CCK-8 kit. Bracket bonding and debonding procedures were performed on a head simulator. Adhesive removal effectiveness during bonding and debonding procedures was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was no significant difference in SBS among four groups (0%: 10.06 ± 4.81 MPa, 2%: 8.98 ± 3.70 MPa, 4%: 10.88 ± 5.12 MPa, 6%: 8.09 ± 3.43 MPa, p > 0.05). DSR displayed that the rheological curves of group-2% and group-4% were close to that of group-0%. CCK-8 assay indicated cell vitality did not differ among group-0%, group-2%, and group-4% (p > 0.05). Group-4% showed less excess adhesive area (0%: 1.81 ± 1.58 mm², 4%: 0.95 ± 1.33 mm², p = 0.0465), less remnant adhesive area (0%: 0.73 ± 0.79 mm², 4%: 0.07 ± 0.21 mm², p = 0.0002), more time taken in removing excess adhesive (0%: 40.76 ± 6.44 s, 4%: 47.19 ± 8.40 s, p = 0.0046), and similar time taken in removing remnant adhesive (0%: 40.04 ± 10.05 s, 4%: 43.54 ± 10.18 s, p = 0.2365).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Fluorescent orthodontic adhesive containing 4 wt.% of A-ZnOQDs with reliable SBS, rheological properties, and cytocompatibility was successfully constructed, with proof that it can be recognised and removed efficiently.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143811933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isometric Reflection Analysis of Mandible Symmetry in JIA Patients: Semi-Automatic Novel 3D Approach.","authors":"Marco Farronato, Massimo Del Fabbro, Paolo Cressoni, Giulia Margherita Tartaglia, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Cinzia Maspero","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study introduces a novel semi-automated 3D approach using isometric reflection for evaluating craniofacial symmetry in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The defects caused in growing patients were analysed either bilaterally or unilaterally at the condyle head, condylar area and the whole hemimandible.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, subsequently divided into three groups: unilateral, bilateral and healthy controls. The cone beam of each patient was segmented into three different sections for each hemimandible. The isometric reflection method was applied to each segment, allowing three-dimensional superimposition along with all the volumes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-two patients aged 16-23 showed a mean reduction of 34.5% in condyle body volume, 34.6% in condyle head and 10.6% in the whole hemi-mandible of unilateral cases. Bilateral cases exhibited more symmetrical patterns compared to unilateral cases (5.1%-14.3%) while healthy controls showed near-perfect symmetry (2.2%-3.8%). Root mean square (RMS) and mean distance across all three mandibular sections confirmed significantly greater deviations in unilateral cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The new approach allowed for the visual analysis of the 3D asymmetry between the affected side and the normal side and to quantify them numerically. The unilateral involvement might inhibit growth up to the mandibular body, while bilateral involvement showed values similar to healthy controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144013370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Objective Sleep Metrics and Psychosocial Profiles Differ in the Presence of Possible Awake Bruxism in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea? A Preliminary Polysomnographic Study.","authors":"Mariluce Anache Anbar Cury, Matheus Herreira-Ferreira, Leonardo Rigoldi Bonjardim, Thaís Maria Freire Fernandes, Renata Rodrigues de Almeida-Pedrin, Paula Vanessa Pedron Oltramari, Marcio Rodrigues de Almeida, Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira Conti","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Poor sleep quality and psychosocial impairment are reported to be important aetiological factors for the presence of awake bruxism (AB) although with its absence of certainty. Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to investigate the relation between polysomnography (PSG) objective sleep metrics and psychosocial factors in the presence of possible AB in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 38 OSA individuals (47.02 ± 15.01 years). All participants underwent in-laboratory PSG, and objective sleep metrics were analysed. The presence of possible AB was evaluated by the Oral Behaviour Checklist (OBC), and psychosocial factors were assessed using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-T), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Student's t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test were performed for proper comparisons (significance level of 5%).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>39.47% (15 individuals) were diagnosed with possible AB. Objective sleep metrics and psychosocial variables did not significantly differ between those with and without possible AB (p > 0.050).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study elucidates that sleep quality and psychosocial profile seem not to be different regarding possible AB presence when analysed by PSG recording. More studies comparing the subjective and objective sleep parameters and the real role of psychosocial variables in the presence of AB should be performed.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143772845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Thickness and Density at the Infra Zygomatic Crest and Lateral Wall of Pyriform Aperture in Various Age Groups: A Cone Beam Computed Tomography-Based Study.","authors":"Tehreem Fatima, Waqar Jeelani, Maheen Ahmed, Mirza Ezaaf Shuja","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine and compare the bone thickness and density at the infra-zygomatic crest (IZC) and the lateral wall of the pyriform aperture (PA) among various age groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on the cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 90 subjects divided into three equal groups, that is, adolescents, post-adolescents and adults. At IZC, the bone thickness and density were measured at four sections and at four vertical levels (Z1 to Z4) with Z1 at the apical level of M1 and every next level moving superiorly with an increment of 2 mm. At PA, bone thickness and density were measured at two sections (3 mm and 6 mm from outer border of lateral wall of PA). Measurements were compared between males and females using an independent sample t-test and among three age groups using a one-way ANOVA test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At IZC, bone thickness was greatest at the Z1 level and mesial to and above the mesiobuccal root of M1. At PA, maximum bone thickness was found at 6 mm from the lateral wall of PA. The mean bone thickness and density at all sections of IZC were generally more in adults. However, at PA, bone thickness was found to be greater in adolescents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maximum bone thickness at IZC was found just above and mesial to the mesiobuccal root of M1. At the lateral wall of PA, more bone thickness was found at 6 mm from the outer border of PA. Bone thickness generally increased with age at IZC and decreased with age at the lateral wall of PA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Effectiveness of Upper Vacuum-Formed Retainers Used in A Dual Retention Protocol After Orthodontic Treatment: Retainer Failures and Upper Arch Stability. A 24-Month Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Małgorzata Bilińska, Monika Sankiewicz, Arwa Gera, Paolo M Cattaneo, Marie A Cornelis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This prospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the number of failures of upper vacuum-formed retainers (VFRs) used in a dual retention protocol and the capacity to maintain upper arch stability 24 months after debonding.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>At the end of orthodontic treatment (T0), 93 consecutive patients (12-25 years) received an upper VFR for night-time use and a fixed retainer. The patients were seen 12 (T1) and 24 months (T2) after debonding. At both time points, the status of the VFR was checked. Intraoral scans were taken at T2. Upper arch dimensions were measured at both time points and compared with paired sample t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighty-three and 78 patients attended the T1 and T2 controls respectively. At T1, VFR failures were recorded in 28 out of 83 patients; and at T2, in 36 of 78 patients. The most common type of failure was occlusal wear (T1: 10, T2: 23). Three VFRs were fractured at T1 and 7 at T2. The upper intercanine width did not change statistically significantly from T0 to T2 (mean difference: -0.06 mm, SD: 0.74 mm, p = 0.242). Interpremolar distance (mean difference: 0.49 mm, SD: 0.97 mm, p < 0.001), intermolar distance (mean difference: 0.46 mm, SD: 1.49 mm, p = 0.003) and arch length (mean difference: -0.30 mm, SD: 0.71 mm, p < 0.001) were statistically significantly different between T0 and T2, but the difference was not clinically relevant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VFRs present a high failure rate at 24 months, mostly because of occlusal wear and fracture. Upper arch dimensions remained fairly stable 2 years post-treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143764536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Using Detailing Instruments on the Final Clear Aligner for the Alignment in the Aesthetic Zone-A Randomised Clinical Trial.","authors":"Damla Arslan, Murat Tozlu","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficiency of detailing instruments on the need for refinement in a group of young adults treated with clear aligners.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study sample included 74 intraoral scans from patients who were treated in an academic setting with in-house clear aligners and needed refinement. After the first set of aligners was used, an intraoral scan was taken (T1). These scans were used as a control sample (n = 37). At the same appointment, the final aligner was activated using detailing instruments for the expression of rotation, torque and inclination according to the needs of the case. Second scans were taken 10 days later (T2) and treated as a study sample (n = 37). The two scans were then imported to Nemocast software and digital setups were performed for ideal finishing. The primary outcome variable was the number of refinement aligners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 222 teeth in total, 52.2% received activations for rotation (78.4%); inclination (6.9%) and torque (14.7%). Reduction in the number of aligners (T1-T2) was 1.62 ± 1.53 in the study sample; 1.93 ± 1.64 in subgroup A; 2.40 ± 1.71 in subgroup B (p = 0.000; p = 0.002; p = 0.007, respectively). Intergroup comparisons revealed that the difference between groups was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is a pioneer to investigate the effects of detailing instruments in clear aligner practice. This intervention created a clinically small but statistically significant decrease in the number of refinement aligners when used on the final aligner only. Applications in earlier stages can have more prominent effects on the expression of movements, which might be the subject for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of ACTN3 Gene rs1815739 Polymorphism and Its Effects on Mandibular Morphogenesis.","authors":"Ashwin Mathew George, Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini, Sumathi Felicita, Shantha Sundari, Aravind Kumar Subramanian","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Genetic polymorphism of the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene has an influence on the facial skeletal profile, with the activity of the α-actinins protein influencing the contractile properties of the masseteric muscles. This study examines the association between the ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism through a Stop Codon (changing 577RR to 577XX) resulting in variations in mandibular morphogenesis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two hundred and fifty subjects were categorised into three groups. The control group (Group 1) comprised 100 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion. The experimental group (Group 2) had 150 subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusions and a retrognathic mandible, divided into two groups of 75 subjects each based on the ramal heights (short ramal height-Group 2a) and (long ramal height-Group 2b). Saliva samples of the subjects were analysed to identify the genotype of the rs1815739. Tissue samples were taken to quantify the mRNA expression in the different alleles studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene with risk homozygous TT genotype was linked only to subjects with short ramal height. The highly variable polymorphic site exhibited a substitution of the ancestral allele cytosine (C) with thymine (T) inhibiting protein synthesis. The mRNA expression was also found to be reduced (p < 0.05) in the short ramal height group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACTN3 577XX polymorphism is more common among individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion and short ramal height in the Dravidian population. It results in decreased protein expression in the masseteric muscle, which contributes to variations in sagittal and vertical facial dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}