Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Efficiency of Class II Malocclusion Treatment With Extraction of 2 Maxillary Premolars and the First Class Appliance Anchored in Mini-Implants.","authors":"Diego Luiz Tonello, Heloísa Nelson Cavalcanti, Vinícius Ribeiro de Almeida Lázaro, Silvio Augusto Bellini-Pereira, Aron Aliaga-Del Castillo, José Fernando Castanha Henriques, Daniela Garib, Guilherme Janson","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Treatment efficiency is considered an important clinical variable in orthodontic practice; therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the efficiency between different Class II compensatory treatment approaches. The extraction of 2 maxillary premolars was compared to molar distalization with the First Class distaliser indirectly anchored to mini-implants.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective sample of 31 patients was divided into two groups. Group 1: Class II treatment with two premolar extractions; 18 patients with a mean initial age of 14.3 ± 1.3 years. Group 2: Distalization with the First Class appliance indirectly anchored to mini-implants; 13 patients with a mean initial age of 13.3 ± 1.3 years. The Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) and the Objective Grading System (OGS) were used to calculate the percentage of occlusal improvement (PcPAR), treatment time (TT) and treatment efficiency index (TEI). The occlusal indexes, TT and TEI between both groups were compared using t tests (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Similar occlusal outcomes were observed between the groups, with no statistically significant differences (F-PAR and OGS). The TT in Group 1 was significantly shorter compared to Group 2. As a result, treatment with extractions was significantly more efficient (TEI: 3.23) than the treatment with maxillary molar distalization anchored indirectly to mini-implants (TEI: 1.95).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both treatment protocols showed similar occlusal results; however, Class II correction with two premolar extractions is significantly more efficient than molar distalization with indirect skeletal anchorage.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Head Posture and Upper Spine Morphological Deviations in Patients With Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.","authors":"Ashkan Jasemi, Eva Fejerskov Lauridsen, Liselotte Sonnesen","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To compare head posture and upper spine morphology in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) patients with healthy controls with neutral occlusion.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study consisted of 27 hEDS patients (23 females, 4 males, mean age 36.41 ± 11.35) and 39 healthy controls (28 females, 11 males, mean age 31.85 ± 11.35) with neutral occlusion and no previous orthodontic treatment. Head posture was analysed by angular measurements on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position and upper spine morphology was assessed on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) by visual analysis of fusion and partial cleft of the upper spine and compared by general linear and logistic analyses adjusted for age and gender.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, upper spine morphological deviations occurred significantly more often in hEDS patients (51.9%) compared to controls (15.4%) (p = 0.007). Out of the two categories of upper spine morphological deviations (fusion anomalies and posterior arch deficiencies (PAD)), PAD occurred significantly more often in hEDS patients (48.1%) compared to controls (12.8%) (p = 0.007). The differences remained significant when p-values were corrected for multiple testing comparing groups. Head posture was almost significantly more extended in hEDS patients compared to controls when the p-values were corrected for multiple testing comparing groups (NSL/VER, p = 0.089; NSL/OPT, p = 0.080).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the present study indicate that upper spine morphology is affected in hEDS patients. The results may contribute to a further understanding of the spinal phenotypic spectrum in hEDS patients and thus prove valuable in the diagnostics and treatment of hEDS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polish Version of the Malocclusion Impact Questionnaire (MIQ): Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation.","authors":"Sylwia Motyl, Marta Gibas-Stanek, Wojciech Stós, Piotr S Fudalej","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To translate the malocclusion impact questionnaire (MIQ) into Polish, adapt it for Polish cultural conditions, and validate its usage.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>The original MIQ was translated into Polish following a seven-stage cross-cultural adaptation protocol. A total of 121 orthodontic patients participated in the study: 21 in the translation and cultural adaptation phase (5 males, 13.4 ± 1.5 years; 16 females, 13.6 ± 1.9 years) and 100 in the validation phase (53 males, 13.1 ± 1.6 years; 47 females, 12.9 ± 1.7 years). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to confirm the one-dimensional structure of the MIQ_PL. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest reliability, whereas construct validity was evaluated by comparing MIQ_PL scores with responses to global questions 1 and 2 from the MIQ_PL questionnaire and the aesthetic component of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN-AC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The MIQ_PL was generally well understood by the test group and required only minor adjustments, indicating it is well adapted to the Polish cultural context. The internal consistency, measured by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.68, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability was 0.75, indicating adequate reliability. Many questionnaire items had a high floor effect. The correlation coefficients between global questions 1 and 2 and the MIQ_PL scores were 0.269 and 0.407, respectively, whereas the correlation between the IOTN-AC and MIQ_PL was 0.235.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MIQ_PL is culturally adapted for Polish conditions but demonstrates lower than expected reliability and internal consistency. Further validation in non-clinical settings with a more diverse sample is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Biomechanics of Attachment Use and Their Placement for Extrusive Tooth Movement by Aligner Mechanotherapy.","authors":"Harsimrat Kaur, Arya Subramanian, James Mah, Giseon Heo, Paul W Major, Dan L Romanyk","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12893","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of the presented study was to evaluate the biomechanics of aligners utilising attachments and the effect of their placement for extrusion. An in vitro Orthodontic SIMulator (OSIM) was used to measure forces and moments produced through aligners incorporating attachments. The maxillary teeth on OSIM were digitally scanned to generate an STL model that was modified by placing a rectangular shaped attachment. Four models were designed with variation in attachment placement: Model NA-no attachment; model BA-buccal attachment; model LA-lingual attachment; model BL-both buccal and lingual attachments. Aligners (n = 30/model) were fabricated using a 0.75 mm thick polyethylene terephthalate material using a Biostar machine following the manufacturer's recommendations. A one-way MANOVA, followed by one-way ANOVA was used to test the effect of models on occlusogingival force (Fz) and mesiodistal moment (Mx) at 0.20 mm of gingival displacement of the left lateral incisor. The BL model exerted maximum Fz (1.22 ± 0.20 N), followed by models BA (1.18 ± 0.25 N) and LA (1.07 ± 0.19 N). The model NA exerted a negligible Fz (0.14 ± 0.08 N) that was statistically different from all other models. The models BA and LA generated Mx that has the tendency to tip the crown of tooth lingually (10.00 ± 3.12 Nmm) and buccally (-1.29 ± 2.26 Nmm), respectively. The models show statistically significant differences between models BL, BA and LA. There was no statistically significant difference between models BL and NA. The experimental evidence suggest that attachments on the lateral incisor could improve the predictability of extrusion forces applied with aligners. The models BL and LA provided favourable biomechanics by generating clinically significant extrusion forces without significant tipping of the lateral incisor tooth.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volumetric Assessment of Resorption Patterns of Bilateral Alveolar Clefts in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography in Two- Stage Bone Graft.","authors":"Tobias Regnstrand, Alice Bousiou, Agneta Karsten, Daniel Benchimol, Reinhilde Jacobs","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Few studies have analysed the outcome of bone grafts in bilateral alveolar clefts and the bone fill with a two-step surgery method. The currently applied three-dimensional method used in this study enables a comprehensive description of the bone fill of bilateral clefts after bone grafting. The study aimed to describe alveolar cleft volume and bone fill after alveolar bone grafting of bilateral alveolar clefts treated with two-step bone grafting, with a comparison between the first and the second bone graft site. A secondary aim was to investigate whether the cleft volume on the non-surgical side changed after contralateral surgery.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this retrospective study, 60 CBCT scans from 20 patients were included (8 girls and 12 boys) with an age range of 6.5-11.5 years (mean age 8.7). The cleft volume was measured in pre- and post-operative CBCT scans and assessed in ITK-SNAP to calculate the bone fill of the cleft.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After bone grafting, 47% of the first bone-grafted cleft was filled with bone, and 33% of the second bone-grafted cleft, without significant difference between them (p = 0.03). The mean preoperative cleft volume was 0.42cm³ and the mean residual cleft volume after bone graft was 0.23cm³. There was however a significant difference when comparing the bone fill between the nasal and the dental part (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost half of the cleft volume was filled with bone after bone grafting. The order of the bone graft side did not influence the bone fill of the cleft.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143189925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of External Apical Root Resorption and the Relevance of Intermediate Radiography in Non-Extraction Treatment With Fixed Appliances for Adolescents With Crowding: A Multicenter Randomised Controlled Trial Using CBCT.","authors":"Kristina Johansson, Helena Christell, Anna Brechter, Liselotte Paulsson","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objectives are to assess the severity and frequency of clinically relevant external apical root resorption (EARR) ≥ 2 mm during orthodontic treatment with Damon passive self-ligating and Victory conventional standardised fixed appliance systems and to evaluate the relevance of intermediate radiographic examinations for early detection and prevention of severe EARR.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Adolescents aged 12-17 years with crowded and displaced teeth planned for non-extraction treatment were recruited from three orthodontic clinics. Participants were randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to treatment with either Damon Q (n = 35) or Victory (n = 40) using stratified blocks, with allocation concealed. EARR was assessed for all roots from incisors to molars using multiplanar reconstruction in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired from various CBCT machines before, during and after treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-two patients were included in the EARR analysis. The upper incisors were the most affected tooth group, with mean EARR values of 0.20 mm for Damon and 0.51 mm for Victory (NS, alpha 1%). The frequency of clinically relevant EARR in this tooth group was 5.0% for Damon and 7.2% for Victory (NS, alpha 5%). Only one case with clinically relevant EARR after treatment was identified in the intermediate radiographic examinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The overall severity and frequency of EARR were below clinically relevant levels in both treatment groups. The results strengthen the evidence that routine intermediate radiography appears to be of limited relevance for early detection and prevention of severe EARR in non-extraction treatments for adolescents with crowded teeth.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05664282.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143080447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dentoalveolar and Skeletal Effects of an Anterior Open Bite Treatment Protocol Using Zygomatic Anchorage.","authors":"Yasemin Bahar Acar, Elvan Önem Özbilen, Gamze Yıldırım, Dilara Kahraman, Murat Tozlu, Ahmet Nejat Erverdi","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12901","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12901","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Primary aim was to analyse dentoalveolar and skeletal effects induced by an anterior open bite (AOB) treatment protocol for intrusion of maxillary buccal segment. Secondary aim was to investigate whether a subsequent change occurred in hyoid position.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Study group included 28 non-growing subjects treated in academic setting for correction of AOB. All patients received same appliance that included bilateral acrylic bite-blocks covering posterior dentition. Intrusive force was applied between buccal bars of appliance and zygomatic multipurpose implants. Lateral cephalograms taken at pre-treatment (T0) and after intrusion (T1) were analysed using NemoCeph software. Eight skeletal, 9 dental, 6 soft tissue and 5 hyoid parameters were measured and evaluated statistically.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mean open bite was -3.2 ± 2.1 mm at T0. T1-T0 duration was 9.6 ± 1.9 months. Increase in SNB (1.1° ± 2.1°) and the decrease in ANB (-1.1° ± 1.3°), Y-axis (-0.5° ± 3.5°), SN-GoGn (-2.0° ± -2.5°) and lower facial height (-1.4 ± 2.1 mm) were significant, indicating mandibular counter-clockwise rotation. Overjet and open bite decreased significantly (-1.8 ± 2.3 mm and 4.2 ± 2.1 mm, respectively). Maxillary molars intruded (U6-PP: -3.1 ± 1.3 mm) and distalised (ΔU6-TVL: -1.5 ± 2.7 mm) significantly. Mean change in L6-MP was significant (0.9 ± 1.4 mm) showing mandibular molar eruption. Lower lip-true vertical line (TVL) showed significant forward movement of lower lip (-1.8 ± 2.3 mm). Mean changes in hyoid parameters were not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant maxillary buccal segment intrusion was achieved in a relatively short period. AOB was corrected while facial profile and smile aesthetics were improved. Distalisation of maxillary molar suggests that intrusive force vector can be modified to achieve simultaneous intrusion and distalisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the Antibacterial Properties and Optical Characteristics of Clear Orthodontic Aligners Coated With Zinc Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles.","authors":"Mahnaz Gharibnavaz, Valiollah Arash, Abazar Pournajaf, Farhood Najafi, Manouchehr Rahmati Kamel, Seyedali Seyedmajidi","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial properties and optical characteristics of clear orthodontic aligners coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this experimental laboratory study, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) aligner samples were coated with nanoparticles of ZnO, MgO and a combination of both (ZnO + MgO). The surface coatings were analysed before and after stability testing using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Colour changes and translucency were measured using a spectrophotometer, and the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant statistical differences were found in the colour changes between the groups (p < 0.001), with the greatest change in MgO-coated aligners (0.94 ± 0.09), followed by ZnO + MgO (0.75 ± 0.05) and ZnO (0.5 ± 0.09). ZnO-coated aligners exhibited the highest translucency (47.6 ± 0.44) compared to MgO (45.07 ± 0.74) and ZnO + MgO (45.76 ± 0.7) (p = 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Nanoparticle-coated aligners showed significantly reduced bacterial growth (p < 0.05). The ZnO + MgO combination demonstrated superior antibacterial effects compared to individual coatings. Nanoparticles remained stable after 24-h agitation in artificial saliva and brushing, maintaining 60%-65% stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The aligners coated with ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the least colour change and the highest translucency compared to those coated with MgO nanoparticles and the ZnO + MgO combination. The highest antibacterial properties were observed in the aligners coated with a combination of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualised Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: Predictive Models and Anatomical Phenotyping of Mandibular Advancement Devices Responses.","authors":"Sara Camañes-Gonzalvo, José María Montiel-Company, Marina García-Selva, Andrés Plaza-Espín, Tomàs Pérez-Carbonell, Vanessa Paredes-Gallardo, Carlos Bellot-Arcís, Rocío Marco-Pitarch","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This non-randomised clinical study aimed to identify the phenotypic characteristics that distinguish responders from non-responders. Additionally, it sought to establish a predictive model for treatment response to obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using mandibular advancement devices (MAD), based on the analysed phenotypic characteristics.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>This study, registered under identifier NCT05596825, prospectively analysed MAD treatment over 6 years using two-piece adjustable appliances according to a standardised protocol. Two response definitions aligned with the latest International Consensus Statement on OSA severity were established. Logistic regression and CHAID models integrated baseline clinical, anthropometric, cephalometric anatomical, soft tissue characteristics and physiological upper airway variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 112 patients completed the study: 64 responders and 48 non-responders according to response definition 1, and 81 responders and 31 non-responders according to response definition 2. Responders to MAD treatment had lower body mass index (BMI), neck and waist circumference, Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, apnoea-hypopnea index (AHI), snoring intensity on the Visual Analog Scale, CPAP pressure, and higher T90% and minSaO₂. Patients exhibiting greater anatomical imbalance, smaller airway volume, smaller minimum cross-sectional area (CSAmin) and longer airway length demonstrated a poorer response to treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Airway length, initial T90% and anterior facial height collectively formed a highly predictive logistic regression model for response definition 1. Jarabak's ratio, gonial angle, CSAmin, airway length, initial BMI and baseline AHI constituted a highly predictive model for the second response definition. Furthermore, the CHAID regression tree established cutoff values for the variables that form the predictive models.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143033695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reliability and Validity of Intraoral Photographs in Assessing Orthodontic Treatment Need.","authors":"Emma Göranson, Mikael Sonesson, Malin Gullbrand, Per-Erik Isberg, Lillemor Dimberg","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Orthodontic treatment need has commonly been assessed using treatment need indices during clinical examinations or using photographs in combination with plaster casts. Recently, the use of intraoral photographs alone to screen malocclusions has increased.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to validate intraoral photographs for the assessment of orthodontic treatment need.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study sample consisted of case files from 30 pre-orthodontic patients aged 12-19 years. Each case file included intraoral photographs and casts. The cases were consecutively recruited from two orthodontic treatment waiting lists: 15 from the Department of Orthodontics at Folktandvården Eastmaninstitutet, Stockholm, Sweden and 15 from the Center for Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Norrköping, Public Dental Service Östergötland. Their orthodontic treatment need was assessed by four raters (calibrated orthodontists) using the indices IOTN-AC, IOTN-DHC, ICON, and DAI. The four raters individually assessed the 30 cases on three occasions: (1) photos only, (2) photos and casts, and (3) photos only. Finally, the four raters jointly made a consensus assessment using both photos and casts. For IOTN-AC and IOTN-DHC, interrater agreement was assessed with Fleiss' kappa, and validity with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. For ICON and DAI, interrater agreement was assessed with Intra Class Correlation (ICC) (1, 2) and validity with a paired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Interrater agreement for IOTN-AC was slight (0.14-0.18) and moderate for IOTN-DHC (0.51-0.57), regardless of whether photographs were used alone or combined with casts. ICON demonstrated moderate interrater agreement (0.57-0.72), while DAI showed moderate to excellent (0.70-0.91), similarly unaffected by the use of photographs alone or in combination with casts. The validity analysis, which compared the individual assessments to the consensus one, revealed equivalent differences whether the assessment involved intraoral photographs alone or in combination with casts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraoral photographs are sufficient for assessing orthodontic treatment need because interrater agreement and validity are similar whether photos are used alone or with casts. However, interrater variability was substantial for both assessment methods.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrial.gov. identifier: NCT05038865.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}