Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Surgical and Camouflage Orthodontic Treatment of Anterior Open Bite: Comparison of Profile Attractiveness.","authors":"C Q Nogueira, P Cotrin, D S Freitas, J E Prado de Souza, F P Valarelli, K M S Freitas, M R de Freitas","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12861","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the profile's attractiveness between the different protocols for treating the anterior open bite.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The sample comprised 39 patients with anterior open bite treated with or without extractions, divided into two groups: The surgical group (G1) comprised 21 subjects (10 males, 11 females) with a mean initial age of 21.86 years (SD = 5.09), treated with fixed orthodontic appliance followed by orthognathic surgery, for a total mean period of 2.53 years (SD = 0.61). The mean overbite was -5.01 mm (SD = 2.50); The camouflaged group (G2) comprised 18 subjects (9 males, 9 females), with a mean initial age of 20.47 years (SD = 4.19), treated only with fixed orthodontic appliance, for a total mean period of 2.56 years (SD = 0.94). The mean overbite was -4.28 mm (SD = 1.15). Lateral photographs from pretreatment and posttreatment were used. These photographs were evaluated by 46 laypeople and 67 dentists, who rated the attractiveness of each profile from 0 (most unattractive profile) to 10 (most attractive profile). Intergroup comparisons were performed with independent t-tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both groups presented improvement in the profile attractiveness with treatment (p < 0.001). Before treatment, the profile of the surgical group was significantly less attractive than the profile of the camouflaged group (p < 0.001). The surgical presented a more attractive profile at the final stage than the camouflaged group (p < 0.001). The surgical group showed a greater improvement in profile attractiveness with treatment than the camouflaged group (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the final stage, the surgical presented a more attractive and greater improvement in profile attractiveness than the camouflaged group. The laypeople and dentists judged similarly the initial profile attractiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual role of Sfrp4 in bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement.","authors":"Qing Wang, Xuan Wang, Yanzheng Chen, Jinsong Pan","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12858","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression by establishing an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rat model with appropriate and excessive orthodontic force.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using a closed coil nickel-titanium spring, the OTM was carried out to apply a mesial force of 50 or 100 g to the maxillary first molars. Micro-CT, histological and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the bone formation at the tension site and the bone resorption and bone formation at pressure site. Then RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the results of the Mirco-CT scan of OTM rat models, both the 50 g group and the 100 g group showed variable degrees of reduction in alveolar bone density on the tension and pressure sides. The results of histological and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the periodontal tissue and osteogenic ability of the 50 g group were restored at the 14 days, while the 100 g group caused severe periodontal tissue damage. The GO and KEGG analysis results, as well as the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), varied depending on the loading time and value of appliance, according to the results of the RNA sequencing. And the immunohistochemical staining results showed that Sfrp4 functioned by efficiently influencing both bone formation and bone absorption.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Appropriate orthodontic force value could cause appropriate movement of teeth in rats without adverse periodontal damage. Simultaneously, distinct gene expression patterns were observed at various force levels and time intervals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-based scans of palate models of newborns with cleft lip and palate: Outlooks for three-dimensional image capturing and machine learning plate tool.","authors":"José Wittor de Macêdo Santos, Andreas Albert Mueller, Benito K Benitez, Yoriko Lill, Prasad Nalabothu, Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To evaluate the performance of smartphone scanning applications (apps) in acquiring 3D meshes of cleft palate models. Secondarily, to validate a machine learning (ML) tool for computing automated presurgical plate (PSP).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We conducted a comparative analysis of two apps on 15 cleft palate models: five unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), five bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and five isolated cleft palate (ICP). The scans were performed with and without a mirror to simulate intraoral acquisition. The 3D reconstructions were compared to control reconstructions acquired using a professional intraoral scanner using open-source software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty 3D scans were acquired by each app, totalling 60 scans. The main findings were in the UCLP sample, where the KIRI scans without a mirror (0.22 ± 0.03 mm) had a good performance with a deviation from the ground truth comparable to the control group (0.14 ± 0.13 mm) (p = .653). Scaniverse scans with a mirror showed the lowest accuracy of all the samples. The ML tool was able to predict the landmarks and automatically generate the plates, except in ICP models. KIRI scans' plates showed better performance with (0.22 ± 0.06 mm) and without mirror (0.18 ± 0.05 mm), being comparable with controls (0.16 ± 0.08 mm) (p = .954 and p = .439, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>KIRI Engine performed better in scanning UCLP models without a mirror. The ML tool showed a high capability for morphology recognition and automated PSP generation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearing the mandibular advancement orthosis and dental movements: Contribution of a digital monitoring protocol.","authors":"M Gay, M Ducret, R Richert, G Buiret","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Oral appliance (OA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). OAs work by propelling the mandible, increasing the upper airway calibre and reducing collapsibility. While they have shown efficacy in reducing OSAHS, long-term use can lead to adverse effects, such as dental displacement. The present study focuses on the impact on dental displacements of the NARVAL® computer-aided design and manufacturing OA from the ResMed laboratory.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 39 patients aged 18 or older who were treated for OSAHS using OAs initiated between 2019 and 2021 and had initial digital dental impressions. A new digital print was taken for each patient using the TRIOS 4 Wireless intra-oral scanner from 3SHAPE. Dental displacement was measured using a 3D system's GEOMAGIC design X 3D reverse engineering software. The study analysed different blocks of teeth in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significance of dental displacements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had been wearing the OA for an average of 2.5 years. The study found dental displacements in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, these displacements were not statistically significant. Qualitative analysis revealed palatoversion and vestibuloversion, while quantitative analysis showed minor dental displacements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study on patients wearing the NARVAL® OA for an average of 2.5 years found dental displacements in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, these displacements were not statistically significant. The results suggest that the OA, designed using a complete digital workflow, did not significantly impact dental positions. To confirm the impact, further investigations with larger sample sizes, an exclusively digital protocol and a control group are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome scan reveals several loci associated with torus palatinus","authors":"Myoung Keun Lee, Ahmed M. El Sergani, Noah Herrick, Rebecca M. Green, Carmencita Padilla, Carmen J. Buxó, Ross E. Long, Consuelo Valencia‐Ramirez, Claudia P. Restrepo Muñeton, Lina M. Moreno Uribe, Wasiu L. Adeyemo, Azeez Butali, Mary L. Marazita, John R. Shaffer, Seth M. Weinberg","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12857","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveTorus Palatinus (TP) is a common trait with an unclear aetiology. Although prior studies suggest a hereditary component, the genetic factors that influence TP risk remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with TP.Materials and MethodsWe assessed the TP status of 829 individuals from various ancestral backgrounds using 3D palate scans. We then carried out a genome‐wide association study (GWAS) to identify common variants associated with TP. We also performed gene‐based tests across the exome to investigate the role of low‐frequency coding variants.ResultsOur GWAS did not identify any genome‐wide significant signals but identified suggestive associations including hits on chromosomes 2, 5 and 17 with <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>‐values less than 5 × 10<jats:sup>−6</jats:sup>. Candidate genes at these suggestive loci have been implicated in normal‐range craniofacial features, syndromes with facial and oral malformations, and bone density. We did not find evidence that low‐frequency coding variants influence TP risk. In addition, we failed to replicate associations identified in prior genetic studies of TP.ConclusionThese findings suggest that multiple genes likely influence the development of TP. Independent replication will be required to confirm our suggestive associations.","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation analysis of airway space and condylar morphology in bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption patients","authors":"Yanfang Yu, Xueyan Xia, Lehan Xu, Xiaoyan Chen, Ningning Zhang, Mengjie Wu","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12855","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate the airway space in bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) patients and analyse the correlation between the morphological characteristics of the condyles and airway parameters. In all, 35 female patients with bilateral ICR (mean age: 21.6 years) and 35 age‐matched female controls (mean age: 21.3 years) were included. Airway parameters were measured using CBCT. Independent T‐tests were used to analyse the differences between the bilateral ICR group and the control group, and then the correlation between airway parameters and condylar parameters was detected using Pearson correlation analysis. <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant. Patients with bilateral ICR showed a significant decrease in airway volume, minimum axial area and sagittal sectional area (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05). The bilateral condylar axial angle positively correlated with airway volume and sagittal sectional area (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05). In contrast, the bilateral condylar neck angle negatively correlated with sagittal sectional area (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .05). None of the condylar parameters showed a correlation with minimum axial area of the airway in the bilateral ICR group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; .05). Bilateral ICR significantly affects patients' airway space. The condylar axial angle and neck angle correlate with airway parameters.","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of chin morphology and mandibular incisor length in different facial divergence patterns: New insights from CBCT records","authors":"Joseph G. Ghafari, Eliane G. Ziade, Ammar Kassab, Maria Saadeh, Anthony T. Macari","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12856","url":null,"abstract":"AimEvaluate constitutional differences in chin morphology and volume, and mandibular tooth size, between different facial divergence patterns.Materials and MethodsThe sample consisted of 284 pretreatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of growing and non‐growing patients who were stratified into 4 groups based on mandibular plane inclination to cranial base (SN) angle. Linear and angular measurements were made on the lateral CBCT images: mandibular lateral incisor crown (I‐C) total (I‐A) lengths, the distances between point D (centre of symphysis) and both incisor apex (D‐A) and menton (D‐Me) and between cemento‐enamel junction and menton (CEJ‐Me); chin width at the level of the central incisor apex (CWA) and point D (CWD); and the angles of the anterior and posterior symphyseal slopes. The volume of the symphysis was measured using a specialized 3D imaging software. Group differences and associations between parameters were gauged through the three‐way ANOVA analysis.ResultsI‐C, I‐A, D‐A, D‐Me and CEJ‐Me were greater in the hyperdivergent group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .001). CWA and CWD were wider in the hypodivergent group (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = .003). Volume of the chin and inter‐slope angles were similar in all groups (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &gt; .05). The anterior slope angle decreased with hyperdivegence (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .005) in opposite pattern to the posterior slope angle (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; .005).ConclusionsShape differences in mandibular symphysis were observed between opposite divergence patterns. Mandibular incisors were longer with hyperdivergence and shorter with hypodivergence. However, chin volumes were similar across divergence groups. These findings underline the role of genetic and environmental factors that impact facial growth.","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of measurements on CBCT-generated digital models using different exposure parameters (in vitro study).","authors":"Noura Ibrahim, Hassan Mohamed Abouelkheir, Noha Mohamed Elkersh","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Dental imaging comprises a wide range of techniques and modalities, each with different diagnostic features influenced by numerous parameters, all of which contribute to the precision and effectiveness of dental evaluations and treatments. This study examined the dimensional reproducibility of arch measurements from CBCT scans with different voxel sizes and exposure parameters compared to a reference model from Extra-oral scanners (EOS) and how these parameters affected digital matching and diagnostic image quality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A diagnostic observational study of arch dimensions, including inter-canine, inter-premolar, intermolar, arch width and arch length, was conducted on digital models (DMs) created from 65 CBCT scans of a full dentate epoxy maxillary model. The measurements obtained from EOS scans served as the control for the study. Normality was tested with the Shapiro-Wilk test, comparisons used the Kruskal-Wallis test with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons for significant results, and data were analysed using IBM SPSS (Version 26.0), with significance set at p < .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant deviations were revealed among study groups, with group I (smallest voxel size) consistently displaying the lowest values, mean (SD) deviation was reported as 0.01 (0.006) and group IV (lowest kV value) exhibiting the highest deviations, mean (SD) deviation of 0.16 (0.17).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Combining a small voxel size (0.12 mm) with high milliampere (8 mA) and kilovoltage (90 kV) settings in CBCT ensured detailed anatomical visualization and accurate linear measurements, crucial for precise dental assessments, and emphasizing the necessity for strict control over CBCT parameters in dental applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of maxillary expansion on the sagittal skeletal and dental parameters of growing Class II patients: A systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Davide Cannatà, Marzio Galdi, Carmine Scelza, Vittorio Simeon, Francesco Giordano, Stefano Martina","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A \"spontaneous\" correction of the Class II malocclusion has been described after maxillary expansion (ME) treatment. The aim of the present review was to systematically summarize changes in the sagittal dentoskeletal parameters of growing Class II patients after ME. The study protocol was developed according to the PRISMA statement and registered in PROSPERO before literature search, data extraction and analysis. The PICO model was followed in the definition of the research question, search strategies and study selection criteria. Randomized and non-randomized studies on the sagittal effects of ME published in English language without date restrictions were electronically searched across the Cochrane Library, Scopus and MEDLINE/PubMed databases. Changes in sagittal dentoskeletal cephalometric parameters were analysed. The risk of bias in randomized and nonrandomized studies was assessed using the Rob2 and ROBINS-I tools, respectively. A narrative synthesis was performed, focusing on the investigated population, intervention, comparison, and main outcomes. Pairwise meta-analyses were used to compare the outcomes assessed in subjects who underwent ME versus untreated subjects. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria, four were included in the pairwise meta-analyses due to the presence of a control group. Slight but significant improvements in OVJ (MD: -0.36; 95%; CI [-0.69 to -0.01]; p = .04) and 6/6 molar relation (MD: 1.5; 95%; CI [0.69 to 1.61]; p < .0001) were found in patients who underwent ME compared with untreated subjects, whereas no improvement in skeletal parameters was observed. However, the limitations of a small body of moderate-quality evidence and possible confounding factors should be considered. Evidence on the sagittal skeletal and dental effects of ME in Class II patients is still ambiguous, suggesting the need for more clinical trials, including appropriate control subjects, randomization and blinding during outcome assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional assessment on digital cast of spontaneous upper first molar distorotation after Ni-ti leaf springs expander and rapid maxillary expander: A two-centre randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Andrea Abate, Alessandro Ugolini, Alessandro Bruni, Vincenzo Quinzi, Valentina Lanteri","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12849","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the spontaneous distorotation of upper first permanent molars and the transverse dentoalveolar changes on digital casts in growing patients following maxillary expansion treatment using either the Leaf Expander® or the rapid maxillary expander (RME), both anchored to the deciduous second molar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial design and setting: &lt;/strong&gt;This study was a two-arm, parallel-assignment, RCT with a dual-centre design conducted at two teaching hospitals in Italy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Inclusion criteria included maxillary transverse deficiency, prepubertal development stage (cervical vertebra maturation stage [CVMS] 1-2) and early mixed dentition with fully erupted upper first permanent molars. Exclusion criteria were systemic diseases or syndromes, CVMS 3-6, agenesis of upper second premolars, unavailability of the second deciduous molar for anchorage and Class III malocclusion.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Randomization: &lt;/strong&gt;Patients were randomly assigned to the Leaf Expander® or RME group using a computer-generated randomization list created by a central randomization centre. Randomization was conducted immediately before the start of treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intervention: &lt;/strong&gt;The intervention involved treatment with either the Leaf Expander® or the RME. Both devices were anchored to the second deciduous molars. Following randomization, patients were further categorized based on the presence of no crossbite, unilateral crossbite or bilateral crossbite.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcome measure: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcome measure was the distorotation of the upper first molar (U6). Secondary outcomes included measurements of interdental linear dimensions, specifically upper inter-canine width (53-63), upper inter-molar width (MV16-MV26) and upper inter-deciduous second molar width (55-65).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Blinding: &lt;/strong&gt;The examiner analysing the digital casts was blinded to the treatment groups to prevent detection bias and ensure objective assessment. However, due to the nature of the intervention, blinding was not feasible for the patients and clinicians involved in administering the treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 150 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to two groups: 75 to the Leaf Expander® group and 75 to the RME group. Recruitment started in November 2021 and was completed in November 2022. At the time of analysis, the trial was complete with no ongoing follow-ups. ANOVA tests revealed no significant differences between the three subgroups (no-cross, unilateral-cross and bilateral-cross) within both the Leaf Expander® and RME groups at T0. The Leaf Expander® demonstrated significantly greater distorotation in the unilateral crossbite subgroup compared to the RME (p = .014). In terms of total molar distorotation, the Leaf Expander® appliance showed a significantly greater effect (12.66°) compared with co","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}