Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Bioactive NanoAg-ACP Microparticles on the Bond Strength of a Commercial Orthodontic Adhesive and Enamel Resistance to Demineralization.","authors":"Kelton Cronquist, Linfeng Wu, Brian R Morrow, Ayman Al Dayeh, Antheunis Versluis, Liang Hong","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12948","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was to assess the effects of nanoAg-ACP microparticles as additional fillers on the shear bond strength of Phase II Dual Cure orthodontic adhesive and the enamel demineralisation of teeth using such adhesive.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Experimental adhesive was formulated by incorporating 2.5 wt% nanoAg-ACP microparticles into Phase II Dual Cure immediately before use. Brackets were bonded to extracted human premolars using Phase II Dual Cure for one group and experimental adhesive for the second. Samples in each group were randomly assigned to three sub-groups for different post-bonding treatments. Debonding force was measured after post-bonding treatments and used to calculate shear bond strength. DIAGNOdent was used to assess enamel demineralisation for sub-groups treated with acid gels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The shear bond strength for Phase II Dual Cure and experimental adhesive was 19.06 ± 2.88 and 13.90 ± 2.22 MPa, respectively, after 24-h aging, 15.98 ± 5.44 and 15.31 ± 4.22 MPa, respectively, after 5-month aging, and 14.72 ± 3.15 and 14.46 ± 4.66 MPa, respectively, after 3-week demineralisation following 5-month aging. After being aged for 5 months and demineralised for 3 weeks, samples bonded using Phase II Dual Cure had a higher DIAGNOdent value of 65.00 ± 14.66 compared to 49.77 ± 20.64 for samples bonded using experimental adhesive (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>NanoAg-ACP microparticles could be added into Phase II Dual Cure as fillers to resist demineralisation without impairing the shear bond strength. The results warrant further investigation of nanoAg-ACP microparticles as fillers for orthodontic adhesives using more clinically relevant in vitro models to confirm their potential clinical application in orthodontic treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Lipstick Application on the Attractiveness of Smile in Women With and Without Malocclusions: An Eye-Tracking Study.","authors":"Gil Guilherme Gasparello, Mohamad Jamal Bark, Giovanna Purkote Yamaguchi, Rosilene Andrea Machado, Joel Suárez, Orlando Tanaka","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12947","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The use of cosmetics, particularly lipstick, has historically enhanced facial appeal. This study evaluates laypeople's perceptions of the attractiveness and employability of two female models from different age groups, each with varying malocclusions, both with and without lipstick.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 77 lay participants who assessed digitally edited photographs of young and older female models with varying malocclusions (IOTN 1, 3 and 5), each shown with and without red lipstick. Eye-tracking technology and questionnaires were used to evaluate perceptions of attractiveness and employability. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc tests, and Pearson's chi-squared test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IOTN 1 with lipstick was rated 49.71 ± 25.74 and without lipstick 47.88 ± 25.44. These were significantly higher than IOTN 3 with lipstick (40.62 ± 24.16; p = 0.015), IOTN 3 without lipstick (39.23 ± 23.85; p = 0.002), IOTN 5 with lipstick (34.25 ± 24.77; p < 0.001) and IOTN 5 without lipstick (31.39 ± 23.30; p < 0.001). Employability ratings also varied significantly when comparing IOTN 1 and IOTN 5 images (p < 0.001). Eye-tracking heat maps revealed that the mouth was the primary area of visual focus across all conditions, regardless of lipstick use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malocclusion significantly impacts visual attention and attractiveness perception, with the mouth being the primary focus. While lipstick influences attention dispersion, it does not shift the main focus from the mouth. Heat map analysis confirmed that the mouth area remains the primary focus across all images, regardless of lipstick use.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144248984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence in Teaching, Scholarship and Dental Education: Use Cases and Reflections.","authors":"Jonas Bianchi, Meixun Zheng","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12949","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this narrative review is to explore the role of generative artificial intelligence (genAI) in dental education, highlighting its emerging applications, potential benefits and implementation challenges. Since the launch of ChatGPT in 2022, genAI tools have gained traction in academic and clinical settings, enabling content generation, translation, summarisation, exam preparation and basic clinical planning. This review presents a series of illustrative use cases demonstrating how genAI has been integrated into teaching, research and clinical workflows in dental and orthodontic training. Each example underscores how AI can support faculty in course design, assist students with learning complex concepts and provide real time feedback for exam analysis and academic writing. However, the implementation of genAI is not without limitations. The review addresses common concerns, including misinformation, data privacy, fabricated references and ethical use in clinical contexts. Although the benefits of genAI are promising, this review emphasises the importance of human oversight and institutional policies to guide ethical and effective use. In conclusion, genAI offers valuable support in dental education when used responsibly. Continued dialogue among educators, students and policymakers is essential to ensure that AI tools are integrated thoughtfully and equitably into academic practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144234748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Sympathetic Sensory Coupling to Craniofacial Nociception.","authors":"Brian Edwin Cairns","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12945","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress and anxiety are associated with increased pain intensity in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) patients. It is possible that this association is due to a direct interaction between the sympathetic and sensory nervous systems. This narrative review examines evidence for a potential sympathetic sensory interaction in deep craniofacial tissues and the trigeminal ganglion. Research articles were identified using PubMed with the mesh terms adrenergic, ganglion neuron, masseter, sensory, signaling, temporomandibular and trigeminal and, subsequently, from the reference lists of those articles identified. The masticatory muscles and temporomandibular joint are innervated by sympathetic efferent fibres from the superior cervical ganglion, which primarily innervates blood vessels. As trigeminal sensory afferent fibres are often found near blood vessels, the anatomical relationship for potential sympathetic sensory coupling is present in the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles. Trigeminal afferent fibres express α₁, α₂, β₁ and β₂ adrenergic receptors as well as two of the four neuropeptide Y receptors. Stimulation of α₁ receptors in the masticatory muscle mechanically sensitises nociceptors through a direct effect, but desensitises proprioceptors and spindle afferent fibres through an indirect effect on mechanosensitive organelles. Stimulation of β₂ adrenergic receptors increases the mechanical activation threshold of masticatory muscle afferent fibres. There is also evidence that stimulation of β adrenergic receptors on immune cells contributes to nociception in temporomandibular joint arthritis. In contrast, α₁ adrenergic receptor activation underlies nociception in masticatory muscle myositis. Taken together, the current research provides support for the concept that sympathetic sensory coupling could play a role in the pathogenesis of TMD-related pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144216426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Differential Fibrocartilage Degradation Between Sexes in a Burn-Synovectomy Temporomandibular Osteoarthritis Mouse Model.","authors":"Amy Z Lu, Jeffrey Nickel, Ginny Ching-Yun Hsu","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease with a higher prevalence in women, yet its sex-specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates fibrocartilage degradation in a burn-synovectomy TMJ OA mouse model, hypothesizing that female mice exhibit greater cartilage degradation due to differential inflammatory responses.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PRG4-CreERT2; Ai9 mice (12-week-old males and females) underwent burn-synovectomy injuries and were euthanized at 1, 3, and 9 weeks for histological and immunofluorescence analyses. PRG4 and MMP-13 expression were assessed to evaluate fibrocartilage integrity and degradation. Statistical significance was determined using ANOVA and post hoc testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Female mice showed significantly higher Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores and MMP-13/PRG4 ratios at later time points, indicating sustained degradation. PRG4 expression increased similarly in both sexes in all time points, but MMP-13 expression was significantly higher in females at 9 weeks, suggesting heightened cartilage catabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study highlights sex-based differences in TMJ OA progression, reinforcing the importance of targeted therapeutic strategies. The burn-synovectomy model effectively replicates TMJ OA pathology, making it a valuable tool for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144192097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orthodontists' Perspectives on Teleorthodontics: What Does Qualitative Data Tell Us?","authors":"Reem A Alansari, Abdulraheem A Alwafi, Mohamed Bamashmous, Samar M Adel, Nikhillesh Vaiid","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12943","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To have an in-depth understanding of orthodontists' perspectives on the practice of teleorthodontics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a qualitative study which used one-on-one, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 19 orthodontists who have offered teleorthodontic care. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis identified two main themes and related subthemes. Respondents described a space-time continuum, where teleorthodontics created time and virtual space to see patients, saving crucial time and physical clinic space. This, however, did not always lead to increased efficiency and quality. Participants also described a human-machine continuum, illustrating how teleorthodontics' digital components became additional tools in the orthodontists' arsenal. These tools had variable utility and impact on their practice, with many being better provided in person.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings highlight the need for tailored integration of teleorthodontics to enhance treatment effectiveness, efficiency, and overall quality care.</p><p><strong>Practical implications: </strong>Data gathered will lead to a better understanding of orthodontists' use and barriers of teleorthodontics and can help with long-term planning to increase efficiency and quality of care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrocephalus in Connection to Genetic Mutation in Cranial Neural Crest Cells.","authors":"Samar Jalali, Ali Mohazeb, Nika Rezaeikalantari, Yang Fu, Yasamin Mohazeb, Guanjun Jiao, Xinli Zhang","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12942","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrocephalus, a pathological condition due to the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the brain's ventricles, has been recognised as a relatively common brain abnormality in newborns and young adults with or without craniofacial anomaly. It can cause physical, behavioural and cognitive symptoms and, in severe cases, may result in lethality. Hydrocephalus can result from various underlying conditions, and its multifactorial nature makes pinpointing a single pathophysiological aetiology challenging. Notably, the relatively high prevalence of hydrocephalus (up to 100%) in the cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) conditional knockout mouse models of various genes using Wnt1-Cre has been reported, given the extremely low (0.01% to 0.86%) spontaneous occurrence of hydrocephalus in different strains of lab mice. Surprisingly, there were no reports on the connections of hydrocephalus with CNCCs, although the prominent role of CNCCs in normal development and pathologic conditions of craniofacial and neural tissues has been extensively studied and highly recognised. In this review, besides revealing the high prevalence of hydrocephalus (5.4%-100%), we primarily summarised the in vivo findings of hydrocephalus and the associated pathological changes of brain and craniofacial skeletal tissues with the genetically modified mouse (GMM) models of various genes knocked out in CNCCs. Significantly, the functional gene knockout in Wnt1 expressing cells can lead to hydrocephalus and associated brain and craniofacial skeletal pathologies, irrespective of the ectopic midbrain Wnt1 activation observed in Wnt1-Cre driver mice. However, the specific contributions and underpinning mechanisms of the main structures of the CSF system, including CNCCs-derived choroid plexus, to hydrocephalus pathophysiology are yet to be fully elucidated.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144031046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognosis Prediction of Facemask With Miniplate Therapy in Patients With Cleft Lip With/Without Palate.","authors":"Sungmin Cha, Il-Sik Cho, Il-Hyung Yang, Sungmi Jeon, Jee Hyeok Chung, Mihee Hong, Jin-Young Choi, Seung-Hak Baek","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12941","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the prognosis prediction of facemask with miniplate (FMMP) therapy in patients with cleft lip with/without palate (CL/P).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The subjects were 103 CL/P patients treated with FMMP therapy. Twenty-five cephalometric variables were measured at preadolescence (T0) and young adulthood (T1). At T1, the subjects were allocated into the FMMP-surgery group (1) when three of the following conditions were met: ANB < -3°, Wits appraisal < -5 mm, APDI > 90° and AB-MP < 60° and (2) when patients were undergoing presurgical orthodontic treatment or had already undergone orthognathic surgery. The mean ages of T0 and T1 and the mean FMMP duration were 8.4, 19.5 and 5.2 years in the FMMP-surgery group (27.2%, n = 28) and 8.5, 18.1 and 4.1 years in the FMMP-nonsurgery group (72.8%, n = 75). Binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristics analysis were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to the FMMP-nonsurgery group, the FMMP-surgery group exhibited a more forward mandibular position and a flatter maxillary occlusal plane at T0, a similar amount of change in the position of point-A, greater forward mandibular growth with larger counterclockwise rotation and an increase in posterior vertical dimension, leading to exacerbation of the skeletal Class III pattern during T1-T0. Four T0 cephalometric predictors (A to N-perpendicular, APDI, FMA and ODI) were identified with high prediction values of accuracy (85.4%) and sensitivity (prediction/actual FMMP-nonsurgery, 93.3%) and moderate value of specificity (prediction/actual FMMP-surgery, 64.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These four T0 cephalometric variables were identified as predictors for determining the prognosis in FMMP treatment for patients with CL/P.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144030358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of AI-Chatbots to Common Temporomandibular Joint Disorders (TMDs) Patient Queries: Accuracy, Completeness, Reliability and Readability.","authors":"Mohamed G Hassan, Ahmed A Abdelaziz, Hams H Abdelrahman, Mostafa M Y Mohamed, Mohamed T Ellabban","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12939","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>TMDs are a common group of conditions affecting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) often resulting from factors like injury, stress or teeth grinding. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy, completeness, reliability and readability of the responses generated by ChatGPT-3.5, -4o and Google Gemini to TMD-related inquiries. Forty-five questions covering various aspects of TMDs were created by two experts and submitted by one author to ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4 and Google Gemini on the same day. The responses were evaluated for accuracy, completeness and reliability using modified Likert scales. Readability was analysed with six validated indices via a specialised tool. Additional features, such as the inclusion of graphical elements, references and safeguard mechanisms, were also documented and analysed. The Pearson Chi-Square and One-Way ANOVA tests were used for data analysis. Google Gemini achieved the highest accuracy, providing 100% correct responses, followed by ChatGPT-3.5 (95.6%) and ChatGPT-4o (93.3%). ChatGPT-4o provided the most complete responses (91.1%), followed by ChatGPT-03 (64.4%) and Google Gemini (42.2%). The majority of responses were reliable, with ChatGPT-4o at 93.3% 'Absolutely Reliable', compared to 46.7% for ChatGPT-3.5 and 48.9% for Google Gemini. Both ChatGPT-4o and Google Gemini included references in responses, 22.2% and 13.3%, respectively, while ChatGPT-3.5 included none. Google Gemini was the only model that included multimedia (6.7%). Readability scores were highest for ChatGPT-3.5, suggesting its responses were more complex than those of Google Gemini and ChatGPT-4o. Both ChatGPT-4o and Google Gemini demonstrated accuracy and reliability in addressing TMD-related questions, with their responses being clear, easy to understand and complemented by safeguard statements encouraging specialist consultation. However, both platforms lacked evidence-based references. Only Google Gemini incorporated multimedia elements into its answers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144035232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Different Preactivation Patterns and Aligner Materials on the Capability of Aligners to Induce Palatal Root Torque of Upper Incisors: An In Vitro Biomechanical Study.","authors":"Sophia Weber, Stefan Repky, Rudolf Jäger, Falko Schmidt, Bernd G Lapatki, Fayez Elkholy","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12940","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12940","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous studies have demonstrated that aligners with labial-cervical pressure points can induce root movement, but with initial unwanted tipping. This study assessed the impact of palatal-incisal pressure points on improving root movement and reducing initial offset. Additionally, the influence of aligner materials on force and moment generation was evaluated.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The experimental setup consisted of an acrylic upper jaw model with teeth 11 and 21 separated and secured to a Hexapod using a 3D force-moment sensor, allowing for the simulation of various malpositions of the measurement teeth. In addition to labial pressure points set close to the cervical margins at a depth of 1.5 mm, we investigated palatal pressure points positioned close to the incisal edge at depths ranging from 0.1 to 0.9 mm. We evaluated the force/moment (F/M) systems generated by both mono- and multi-layered aligner materials during the simulated correction of 2° retroinclination of the measurement teeth. Five aligners were tested for each configuration. The relevant palatal torque range (palTR) was identified when the aligners simultaneously induced a negative palatal force (-Fy) and a negative palatal torque moment (-Mx).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PET-G aligners without pressure points showed no effective torque range. In contrast, aligners with pressure points generated an effective torque range of an average of 1.02° ± 0.03° following initial tooth tipping. The palatal-incisal pressure points showed a significant reduction or elimination of the initial offset. Our findings revealed a general correlation between palTR-start displacement (initial offset range) and palatal pressure point depth (linear mixed-effects models, p < 0.05). In this manner, the initial offset for the 0.6 mm pressure points was reduced by 81.1% compared to that of the unmodified aligners (from 1.57° to 0.3°).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The addition of palatal-incisal pressure points alongside labial-cervical pressure points demonstrated a promising reduction in the initial offset range in an in vitro setting, potentially enhancing the efficiency of torque movement with aligners. However, further biomechanical and clinical studies are necessary for the clinical translation of these results.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144004005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}