Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Hyoid Bone Position and Upper Airway Morphology of Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Yaqi Li,&nbsp;Tingting Zhao,&nbsp;Peter Ngan,&nbsp;Susu Yi,&nbsp;Zeyu Wei,&nbsp;Fang Hua,&nbsp;Hong He","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12873","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12873","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this systematic review was to summarise the existing evidence regarding hyoid bone position and upper airway morphology of children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL and WorldCat databases without any restrictions on language from inception to March 2024. The studies which compared the hyoid bone position and upper airway morphology using lateral cephalograms between children with and without OSA will be included. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, and the meta-analysis was conducted utilising random-effects model. Twelve cross-sectional studies and one case–control study were included. One study was rated as low quality, three as medium quality, five as high quality, and four as very high quality. Meta-analysis showed that compared to healthy children, children with OSA tended to have increased distance between hyoid bone and mandibular plane (Hy-MP, MD: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.90 to 4.77, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.00001, <i>I</i>² = 72%), increased distance between hyoid bone and cervical vertebra (Hy-C3, MD: 1.54, 95% CI: 0.62 to 2.46, <i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>I</i>² = 68%), and a smaller airway space behind the soft palate (U-MPW, MD: −3.07, 95% CI: −4.76 to −1.38, <i>p</i> = 0.0004, <i>I</i>² = 68%). Whereas there was no significant difference in inferior posterior airway space between children with OSA and healthy controls (IPAS, MD: −1.51, 95% CI: −3.37 to 0.35, <i>p</i> = 0.11, <i>I</i>² = 71%). In children with OSA, the hyoid bone may exhibit a more anterior and inferior position and the airway posterior to the soft palate demonstrated a narrower dimension. <b>Registration:</b> PROSPERO (CRD42024528171)</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"394-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Thickness and Trim Lines on the Magnitude and Distribution of Transverse Forces Exerted by Thermoformed Plastic Aligners During Maxillary Arch Expansion","authors":"Juan Pablo Gómez,&nbsp;Camila Cuervo,&nbsp;C. A. Álvarez,&nbsp;Sebastian Durango,&nbsp;Puneet Batra,&nbsp;Sana Bint Aziz","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study evaluates the impact of thickness and trimming geometry on the magnitude and distribution of transverse forces applied by thermoformed plastic aligners during maxillary arch expansion.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A randomised experiment evaluated 60 aligners fabricated from PET-G in two distinct thicknesses (0.03 and 0.040 in.) and three different trimming geometries (G1—scalloped margins, G2—straight margins with 5 mm width and G3–straight margins with 10 mm extension). Transverse forces in the canine (C), first premolar (FP), second premolar (SP), first molar (FM), second molar (SM) and third molar (TM) were measured in newtons (N). Three measurement repetitions (original data plus two replicates) were implemented to generate sufficient degrees of freedom for the sum of squares of the error.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The maximum transverse force in the canine region was exerted by the PET-G aligner with a thickness of 0.040 in., with no significant difference observed between the G2 and G3 straight trim lines. However, the G1 scalloped trim line exerted significantly lower transverse forces. The G3 geometry with a 0.040-in. Polymer thickness consistently generated the highest forces in the premolar and molar regions. The average transverse forces decreased in an antero-posterior direction, with the highest force observed in the canine region and the least in the molar region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The thickness and trimming pattern of orthodontic aligners significantly influence force delivery during transverse expansion. Transverse forces during expansion with aligners progressively reduce from the anterior to the posterior region.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"531-537"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145998692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Nasopharyngeal Airway in Management of Craniofacial Syndrome-Associated Upper Airway Obstruction in Children","authors":"Samara Thambar,&nbsp;Matthew D. Wong,&nbsp;Sandra Schilling,&nbsp;Nitin Kapur","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12872","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12872","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Upper airway obstruction (UAO) management in children, particularly those with associated anatomical mid-face structural differences, poses a significant challenge. This study describes using a nasopharyngeal airway (NPA) in managing infants with severe upper airway obstruction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Infants discharged home from Queensland Children's Hospital with an NPA in situ for the management of upper airway obstruction were retrospectively evaluated for clinical and demographic parameters, underlying diagnoses and respiratory support, including NPA insertion details and comorbidities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-seven children (24 male) were included with a median age at NPA insertion of 24 (IQR 7-59) days and a median duration of NPA use of 229.1 (IQR 151.50-297.75) days. Fifty-two (77.6%) had Pierre Robin sequence. Other diagnoses included CHARGE syndrome, Treacher Collins syndrome, Stickler syndrome, Crouzon syndrome, Bohring–Opitz syndrome, isolated cleft palate, Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome, Chromosome 3 deletion and VACTERL association. Four infants required tracheostomy, and no complications related to NPA use were reported. Those with oximetry and polysomnography data showed improving indices following NPA insertion [pre NPA median (IQR) SpO₂: 95.9% (94.73–97.73), AHI: 51.40 (44.50-69.45), OAHI 65.9 (56.45-73.35) and TcCO₂ (mmHg) 65.70 (61.95-67.30) vs. post-NPA median (IQR) SpO₂: 97.1% (96.19–97.9), AHI: 12.20 (11.25-24.35), OAHI 10.20 (6.12-5.62) and TcCO₂ (mmHg) 52.40 (47.90-58.40)].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings highlight the effectiveness and safety of NPA as a noninvasive management option for severe upper airway obstruction in children, particularly in those with anatomical midface structural differences. Further research and larger studies are warranted to confirm these findings and optimise management strategies for these patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"463-468"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142584002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Maxillary Expansion and Protraction in Class III Children on Quality of Life, Dentofacial and Upper Airway Characteristics: A Controlled Clinical Trial","authors":"Stjepan Spalj,&nbsp;Martina Zigante,&nbsp;Vedrana Tudor,&nbsp;Taner Öztürk,&nbsp;Ahmet Yağcı,&nbsp;Juan Martin Palomo","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12935","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12935","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the relationship between early dentofacial orthopaedic treatment, improvement in the width of oropharynx and nasopharynx, and quality of life.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-three prepubertal children with skeletal Class III (median age 9 years; 56% females) received treatment with a maxillary expander and facemask. These subjects were matched with two control groups: one comprising an equal number of untreated Class III individuals, and the other consisting of untreated Class I controls. Cephalograms were analysed, and both children and their parents self-administered the Child Perceptions Questionnaire, Parental-Caregiver Perceptions Questionnaire and Family Impact Scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treated Class III cases showed significant increases in the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal airway width (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.033), with greater changes in the nasopharyngeal width compared to untreated Class III cases (<i>p</i> = 0.040). Compared to untreated Class III and Class I groups, treated Class III cases exhibited reduced mandibular prominence and sagittal skeletal Class, increased overjet, overbite, vertical facial dimension, and greater retroclination and retrusion of mandibular incisors (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.011). Prior to and following orthodontic treatment, Class III cases reported a lower quality of life across all dimensions compared to Class I controls (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.032). An increase in maxillary anterior movement and oropharyngeal width correlated with a decrease in functional limitations reported by children (<i>r</i> = −0.411-(−0.413)); (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.022).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Maxillary expansion and protraction in prepubertal Class III children can enhance upper airways width, and children associate these improvements with a reduction in functional limitations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"481-489"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13139985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144040702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paediatric Sleep-Disordered Breathing Special Issue Introductory Editorial","authors":"Carlos Flores-Mir,&nbsp;Hong He","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70042","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"391-393"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145355491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Dimensional Volumetric Assessment of Root Resorption in Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Meta-Analysis Comparing Tooth-Borne and Bone-Borne Devices","authors":"Chen Xue,&nbsp;Jianrong Wu,&nbsp;Lan Liu,&nbsp;Ya Qiu,&nbsp;Lihua Li","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70096","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To compare the extent of root resorption, assessed via three-dimensional (3D) volumetric CBCT analysis, between tooth-borne and bone-borne rapid maxillary expansion (RME) devices. A systematic search of seven databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, etc.) up to December 2024 identified eligible studies (randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, clinical trials) evaluating CBCT-measured root resorption in patients treated with tooth-borne, bone-borne or hybrid RME devices. Data were analysed using STATA 17.0, employing weighted mean differences (WMDs) and random/fixed-effects models. Heterogeneity, subgroup analyses and publication bias were assessed. Sixteen studies (525 patients, 2906 teeth) were included. These studies comprised randomised controlled trials and observational studies, predominantly enrolled adolescent and young adult patients, and directly compared tooth-borne and bone-borne RME devices. Tooth-borne RME resulted in significantly greater root resorption volume compared to bone-borne devices (WMD = −10.4 mm³, 95% CI [−13.9, −6.9], 95% prediction interval [−11.94, −8.92], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>I</i>² = 98.8%). Tooth-borne RME also caused greater root length loss (WMD = −0.14 mm, 95% CI [−0.21, −0.08], 95% prediction interval [−0.20, −0.08], <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05; <i>I</i>² = 95.6%). Tooth-borne RME resulted in significantly greater root resorption volume (WMD = −20.7 mm³) and length (WMD = −0.40 mm) compared to baseline, indicating increased resorption. Three-dimensional CBCT analysis demonstrated superior sensitivity in detecting resorption morphology and localization compared to linear measurements. Bone-borne RME devices, which are associated with reduced root resorption risks, may be related to improved force distribution to bony structures. Three-dimensional volumetric CBCT assessment provides a more accurate quantification than linear measurements. Clinically, bone-borne expanders are recommended for high-risk patients, while tooth-borne users require close CBCT monitoring. Findings should be interpreted considering limitations of the included evidence, including heterogeneity in RME devices and protocols, risk of bias in some non-randomised studies, and imprecision due to limited sample sizes in subgroup analyses and lack of long-term data.</p>\u0000 <p><b>Trial Registration:</b> International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) registration number: CRD420251018535</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"506-520"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effects of Low-Level Laser Therapy in Different Wavelengths on Inter-Premaxillary Expansion in Rats Using Micro-Computed Tomography and Histological Methods","authors":"Emin Isgandarov,&nbsp;Ahmet Yagci,&nbsp;Hasibe Baser Keklikci,&nbsp;Arzu Hanim Yay,&nbsp;Demet Bolat,&nbsp;Mustafa Ermis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70072","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70072","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to investigate the effects of low-level laser therapies (LLLTs) with four different wavelengths (532, 650, 810 and 940 nm) on new bone regeneration during inter-premaxillary suture expansion in rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty rats were divided into five groups (<i>n</i> = 12): control (Group A) and four laser groups (Group B: 940 nm, Group C: 810 nm, Group D: 650 nm and Group E: 532 nm). Each group was further divided into two subgroups (<i>n</i> = 6) based on the sacrifice day: Day 7 and Day 14. The upper incisors of the rats were drilled, and a 30-g force expansion appliance was inserted. The study lasted 14 days, with 7 days of expansion and 7 days of retention. LLLT was administered at 48-h intervals in groups other than the control group. Bone regeneration in the suture was assessed using micro-computed tomography and immunohistochemistry. Trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) were measured by using micro-computed tomography. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) immunoreactivity intensities were calculated in the immunohistochemically stained upper jaw sections.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Group B (940 nm), ALP was significantly higher on the 7th day (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001); ALP and BMP-2 were significantly higher (<i>p</i> = 0.002; <i>p</i> = 0.013, respectively), and Tb.Sp was significantly lower on the 14th day (<i>p</i> = 0.034) compared with the control group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results show that 940 nm low-level laser therapy accelerates bone regeneration more effectively in the expanded inter-premaxillary suture.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"521-530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearing the mandibular advancement orthosis and dental movements: Contribution of a digital monitoring protocol","authors":"M. Gay,&nbsp;M. Ducret,&nbsp;R. Richert,&nbsp;G. Buiret","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12860","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12860","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Oral appliance (OA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). OAs work by propelling the mandible, increasing the upper airway calibre and reducing collapsibility. While they have shown efficacy in reducing OSAHS, long-term use can lead to adverse effects, such as dental displacement. The present study focuses on the impact on dental displacements of the NARVAL® computer-aided design and manufacturing OA from the ResMed laboratory.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included 39 patients aged 18 or older who were treated for OSAHS using OAs initiated between 2019 and 2021 and had initial digital dental impressions. A new digital print was taken for each patient using the TRIOS 4 Wireless intra-oral scanner from 3SHAPE. Dental displacement was measured using a 3D system's GEOMAGIC design X 3D reverse engineering software. The study analysed different blocks of teeth in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significance of dental displacements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Patients had been wearing the OA for an average of 2.5 years. The study found dental displacements in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, these displacements were not statistically significant. Qualitative analysis revealed palatoversion and vestibuloversion, while quantitative analysis showed minor dental displacements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study on patients wearing the NARVAL® OA for an average of 2.5 years found dental displacements in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, these displacements were not statistically significant. The results suggest that the OA, designed using a complete digital workflow, did not significantly impact dental positions. To confirm the impact, further investigations with larger sample sizes, an exclusively digital protocol and a control group are required.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"443-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practices and Perception of Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Orthodontists and Paediatric Dentists in Brazil: A Mixed-Methods Study","authors":"Nathalia Carolina Fernandes Fagundes,&nbsp;Renata Travassos da Rosa Moreira Bastos,&nbsp;Arnaldo Perez,&nbsp;Carlos Flores-Mir,&nbsp;David Normando","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12866","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12866","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore orthodontists' (OTs) and paediatric dentists' (PDs) practices and perceptions regarding the screening and management of paediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This explanatory sequential mixed methods design included OTs and PDs with active clinical practice in Brazil and encompassed a quantitative phase followed by a qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, a survey assessing OSA screening and management practices was administered to OTs and PDs practicing in Brazil. Information-rich OTs and PDs were interviewed in the qualitative phase. Descriptive statistics and the chi-square test were used to analyse the survey data, while inductive content analysis was applied to the interview data. The results from both phases were integrated and reported narratively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three hundred eighty-one OTs and PDs completed the survey, and ten of them were interviewed. Nearly half of OTs and PDs administered sleep questionnaires and demonstrated some knowledge about paediatric OSA signs and symptoms. PDs and OTs primarily offered rapid maxillary expansion and functional mandibular advancement for managing selected children with OSA, with OTs being more frequently involved in this task than PDs. OTs and PDs identified several barriers and expressed the need for support regarding access to reliable screening tools and interprofessional care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Brazilian OTs and PDs were aware of the main signs and symptoms of paediatric OSA and were somewhat involved in offering oral appliance management options. To further define the role of these professionals, increasing support for dental professionals in OSA management and updating existing clinical guidelines is warranted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"451-462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142471719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facial Patterns and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children Seeking for Orthodontic Treatment: Data From 3671 Polysomnographic Recordings","authors":"Derek Mahony,&nbsp;Niroj Bhattarai,&nbsp;Cascella Simona,&nbsp;Bucci Rosaria,&nbsp;Peter Borbély,&nbsp;Peter Petocz,&nbsp;Audrey Yoon,&nbsp;Krisztina Kárpáti","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70020","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the association between vertical and sagittal facial profile characteristics and the diagnosis/severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) based on hospital-based polysomnography (PSG) in children attending their first orthodontic visit.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>3671 children aged 7 to 9 years who attended a private practice for a first orthodontic consultation were included. Apnea/Hypopnea Index (AHI) was measured from PSG, while vertical and skeletal facial profile characteristics were assessed according to the Modified Sassouni Analysis on lateral cephalogram. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to compare sagittal and vertical patterns among patient subgroups divided according to AHI (AHI = 0, AHI 1–3, AHI 4–5, AHI 6–10, AHI ≥ 11).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>No statistically significant difference was found in the AHI according to gender (<i>p</i> = 0.84) and age (<i>p</i> = 0.61). It was observed that 87.3% of children with AHI ≥ 11 had a long facial pattern, whereas those with low AHI values (AHI = 0 or 1 ≤ AHI ≤ 3) were mostly classified as having a normal vertical pattern (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, children with AHI ≥ 11 presented with a Class II facial profile or maxillomandibular retrusion, while children with maxillomandibular protrusion and a Class I profile had lower AHI values (AHI = 0 or 1 ≤ AHI ≤ 3, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Class II profile, maxillomandibular retrusion, and increased anterior lower facial height are highly present in severe OSA children between the ages of 7 to 9 years. Therefore, orthodontists are encouraged to consider the possibility of breathing issues in children presenting with such craniofacial features.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"497-505"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145001009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}