Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of Head Posture in Wheelchair-Bound Individuals and Its Relation to Malocclusion: A Proof-of-Concept Study.","authors":"Kelly Billiaert, Mustafa Al-Yassary, Stavros Kiliaridis, Gregory S Antonarakis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70098","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malocclusions are significantly more prevalent among individuals with physical and mental disabilities. Head posture, particularly in wheelchair-bound individuals, may play a role in craniofacial growth and occlusal development, but its specific impact remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate head posture in wheelchair-bound individuals and assess potential correlations with malocclusion characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty wheelchair-bound participants (aged 6-30 years) were categorised into three groups based on their head control (full, partial, or no control). Head posture was dynamically measured on three axes (pitch, roll and yaw) using an Inertial Measurement Unit for precise 3D tracking. Malocclusions, including molar and canine sagittal relationships, overjet, overbite and crossbites, were assessed through standardised clinical examinations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All wheelchair-bound participants showed significantly greater deviations in head posture compared to controls. The roll axis differed significantly across groups (p = 0.004), with the no control group exhibiting the greatest deviation. A significant correlation was observed between pitch axis deviation and sagittal molar relationships (r = -0.59, p = 0.006), indicating that a backward head posture was associated with Class II malocclusion, while a forward head posture was linked to Class III malocclusion. No significant correlations were found for the roll or yaw axes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Significant head posture deviations were detected in wheelchair-bound individuals, with those having no head control showing more extreme deviations. This study found significant correlations between antero-posterior head posture deviations and sagittal molar relationships in wheelchair-bound individuals, suggesting that head posture could be a contributing factor to malocclusions in this population. Given the limited sample, these results should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":"569-575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145966693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"miRNA-337-3p and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9: Expression Patterns in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Prognostic Value for Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis.","authors":"Hongyan Xu, Peng Zhang, Ying Yang, Jianhu Li, Jiaqiang Xu, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70093","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 and miRNA-337-3p in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and analyse their clinical significance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Postoperative specimens from 30 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients were collected from June 2022 to January 2023, and real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the expression levels of miR-337-3p in cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. The correlation between the expression levels of the two and the clinicopathological parameters of patients was analysed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with adjacent normal tissues, the expression of miRNA-337-3p in OSCC tissues was significantly lower (p < 0.05), and its expression level was clearly related to the lymph node metastasis status of OSCC patients (p < 0.05). The positive rates of MMP-9 in OSCC tissue and adjacent normal tissue were 83.33% and 36.67% respectively. Compared with patients in the N0 stage, the expression level of miRNA-337-3p in OSCC tissues of patients in the N₁ + N₂ stage was significantly reduced (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expression of MMP-9 and miRNA-337-3p in OSCC tissues is related to cervical lymph node metastasis. miRNA-337-3p plays a tumour suppressor role in OSCC and may inhibit OSCC cell invasion and metastasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":"553-561"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145864398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Clinical Decision Model for Managing Retained Second Deciduous Molars With No Permanent Successors.","authors":"Ozge Colak, William Tanberg, Mohammed H Elnagar, Thikriat Al-Jewair","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70100","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to develop and apply an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm to aid the clinical decision-making process for managing mandibular retained second deciduous molars (SDM) with no permanent successors using machine learning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study consisted of patients who were diagnosed with at least one congenitally missing (agenic) mandibular permanent second premolar with a retained SDM. Pretreatment clinical records from each patient were collected and three sets of input features (radiographic, photographic and clinical) were used. The sample was divided into three groups, each representing a distinct treatment decision: (1) extraction of the SDM with space closure; (2) extraction of the SDM with space maintenance; and (3) retention of the SDM. The treatment decisions were based on majority treatment determination by three experienced clinicians. Four machine learning models were built and evaluated: Multinomial Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron, Decision Tree and Random Forest classifier.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Random Forest classifier showed the highest accuracy in treatment planning while Decision Tree showed the lowest accuracy. Features such as patient preference for restoration, amount of mandibular arch crowding and ankylosis were the strongest predictors, having the greatest influence on treatment decision accuracy in the Random Forest classifier model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The Random Forest classifier demonstrated the highest accuracy in aiding the clinical decision-making process for managing retained SDM with no permanent successors. Key factors influencing treatment decision accuracy included patient preference for restoration, mandibular arch crowding and ankylosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":"576-585"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145990191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality of Online Information Relating to Cleft Lip and Palate: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Emilija D Jensen, Maurice J Meade, Markus Luke Seifert, Xiangqun Ju, Rachel Roberts, Peter J Anderson, Lisa M Jamieson","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals with orofacial clefts experience a substantial lifetime burden of medical, surgical and dental care, often requiring complex treatment decisions. This scoping review aimed to collate and critically assess the available literature regarding the quality and readability of online cleft-related information. Four electronic databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, Embase via Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus) were searched from inception to 17 June 2025. Eligible studies evaluated the quality or readability of cleft-related information on websites, social media platforms or YouTube. Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Quality assessment tools were used to evaluate accuracy, reliability and comprehensiveness, while readability instruments measured ease of understanding for lay audiences. Twenty-one of the 34 included studies (61.8%) reported low or inconsistent quality of cleft-related online information, with many websites and videos lacking reliability, completeness or readability appropriate for the general public. Online health information about orofacial clefts is abundant but frequently suboptimal in quality and readability. Families may be exposed to misleading or difficult-to-understand content, which could hinder informed decision-making. However, non-English language studies were under-represented in this review, which may limit the generalisability of findings. Clinicians and professional organisations should guide families towards trustworthy resources and develop accessible, high-quality online information. Improving the reliability and readability of cleft-related content has the potential to enhance patient education, shared decision-making and long-term treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Associated With Maxillary Incisor Crown Torque Expression in Non-Extraction Clear Aligner Treatment.","authors":"Zixin Miao, Mohan Li, Henan Zheng, Chia-Ling Shen, Zhifa Chen, Xiaoxia Wei","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To quantitatively assess the accuracy of maxillary incisor torque expression and identify its influencing factors in non-extraction cases treated with Invisalign aligners.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Records of 50 adult patients treated with Invisalign aligners at a single tertiary stomatology center between June 2019 and December 2024 were retrospectively analysed. A total of 144 maxillary incisors were included. Digital models from pretreatment (T0), after staged treatment (T1), and predicted posttreatment (T2) were obtained from ClinCheck. Torque values were measured on all models using Geomagic Control X software to calculate the torque expression rate (TER). Predicted and achieved torque changes were compared using paired t-tests. Multiple linear regression was employed to identify significant predictors of TER.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall TER for maxillary incisors was 48.1%. On average, the achieved torque change was significantly less than predicted, with a mean difference of 4.25° (95% CI, 3.21°-5.30°; p < 0.05). Under-expression of the planned torque was observed in 111 incisors (77.1%). Regression analysis identified planned crown torque and vertical skeletal pattern as independent predictors of TER (p < 0.05). For each 1° increase in planned torque, TER increased by 5.92%. A high-angle vertical pattern was associated with an 18.45% reduction in TER compared with other vertical patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Torque expression of maxillary incisors with clear aligners was limited. Planned crown torque and vertical skeletal pattern were significant influencing factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148056045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Rapid Periodontal Distraction on Tooth Vitality and Bone Quality/Quantity: A Split-Mouth Experimental Design.","authors":"Parul Sangwan, Ying Liu, Phillip M Campbell, Michael Ellis, Yan Jing, Peter H Buschang","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Periodontal distraction (PD) osteogenesis is a minimally invasive technique capable of rapidly moving uniradicular teeth, thereby shortening orthodontic treatment time. This study aimed to determine whether: (1) PD-induced tooth movement affects tooth vitality and (2) the regenerated bone meets restorative standards for implant placement.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In six dogs, the maxillary 2nd premolars on the experimental side were extracted, the mesial inter-radicular bone was removed to within 1 mm of the 1st premolar, and an intraoral distraction device was bonded. The contralateral side served as a negative control. After a 5-7 day latency period, the 1st premolars were distracted distally at 1 mm/day for 6 days, followed by a 3-week consolidation period. Tooth vitality was assessed with Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF) and histological analysis; bone quality and quantity were evaluated by μCT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cast and intraoral measurements showed 4.7-4.8 mm of tooth movement at a rate of 0.8 mm/day. LDF recordings displayed pulsatile signals synchronized with each dog's heartbeat, indicating pulpal vitality, which was confirmed histologically by: (1) red blood cells in the pulp, (2) odontoblasts at the pulp periphery expressing Osterix, (3) rich vasculature revealed by GS-IB4 staining, and (4) similar blood vessel density between control and experimental sides. μCT analyses revealed slightly less dense, less mature bone mesial to the 1st premolar, but with complete or near-complete vertical and buccolingual fill. Mild root resorption was observed, with some resorptive lacunae, particularly on lingual surfaces.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PD can be performed at rates faster than previously reported without short-term adverse effects on tooth vitality or root integrity. Movement at 0.8 mm/day may substantially reduce treatment time in crowded, extraction cases. Additionally, PD offers a novel means to generate bone that may be suitable for implant placement in patients with congenitally missing teeth or partial edentulism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Autoregressive Models for Predicting Two-Dimensional Mandibular Landmark Displacement During Pubertal Growth.","authors":"Abdullah Al Fahad, Jared Brown, Ali Walid Elhag, Azeezjamal Samad Lakhani, George Eckert, Marwa Baraka, Mohammad Al Hasan, Hakan Turkkahraman","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To predict mandibular landmark displacement during pubertal growth using autoregressive models.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 225 subjects with complete cephalometric radiographs from ages 10 to 18. Data were split by subject into training (180; 83 males, 97 females) and test sets (45; 21 males, 24 females). Mandibular landmarks analysed were Condylion, Gonion, Menton, Pogonion, and Point B. Radiographs were aligned using the Sella-Nasion line with Sella as the origin, and 2D coordinates for each landmark were recorded over time. An autoregressive model predicted future landmark positions. Accuracy was measured using mean absolute error and the percentage of predictions within 2 mm of true values. Logistic regression with generalised estimating equations evaluated the effects of coordinate dimension, landmark type, prediction interval (1-4 years), prediction age (11-18), and sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Females demonstrated higher predictive accuracy than males (65% vs. 49%), by using the percentage of predictions within 2 mm of the true coordinates. Accuracy declined with longer prediction intervals: 66% (1-year), 58% (2-year), and 46% (4-year). Condylion was the most predictable landmark (71%), followed by Point B (63%) and Gonion (61%), whereas Menton was least predictable (40%). Accuracy was similar between x- and y-dimensions (58% vs. 56%). Overall predictive accuracy decreased substantially when Euclidean distance was used instead of separate coordinate-based assessments, ranging from 39% for Condylion to 18% for Menton.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Autoregressive models can generate clinically meaningful short-term predictions of mandibular growth, particularly for selected landmarks and among female subjects. However, predictive performance declines over longer time intervals and varies substantially across anatomical sites, with Condylion demonstrating the highest accuracy and Menton showing the greatest variability.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148016848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: From a Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Care Model","authors":"Maryam Arab,&nbsp;Yasmeen S. El Ansari,&nbsp;Rafael Pelayo,&nbsp;Audrey Yoon","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12930","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12930","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study is to offer a comprehensive overview of paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), a prevalent condition characterised by intermittent upper airway obstruction that impairs both ventilation and sleep. The design of the study was a literature review using an electronic search. The study extensively reviews the pathophysiology, epidemiology, sequelae and diagnostic approaches of paediatric OSA. It highlights the role of various healthcare professionals in the management of this disorder, with each specialist providing unique contributions to the diagnosis, treatment and ongoing management of OSA. The current state of sleep teams managing OSA is multidisciplinary, including sleep physicians, pulmonologists and otolaryngologists (ENT surgeons), each contributing distinct expertise. This review contrasts a multidisciplinary approach, which relies on separate expert contributions, with an interdisciplinary model that emphasises integrated, collaborative decision-making for comprehensive, patient-centred care. This review focuses on the interactions between dental and medical professionals, as other papers will provide more detailed insights into the roles of other specialists, such as myofunctional therapists, nutritionists and others. In conclusion, the evolution from a multidisciplinary to an interdisciplinary care model marks a significant development in clinical practice, enhancing cooperation and shared decision-making among healthcare professionals, thereby improving the quality of life for paediatric patients with OSA.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"423-432"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143972331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intronic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in FGFR2 Gene Association With Non-Syndromic Mandibular Retrognathism","authors":"Caio Luiz Bitencourt Reis,&nbsp;Christian Kirschneck,&nbsp;Daniel Hemming,&nbsp;Eva Paddenberg-Schubert,&nbsp;Peter Proff,&nbsp;Daniela Silva Barroso de Oliveira,&nbsp;Cristiano Miranda de Araujo,&nbsp;Flares Baratto-Filho,&nbsp;Svenja Beisel-Memmert,&nbsp;Erika Calvano Küchler","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70081","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.70081","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mandibular retrognathism (MR) is a skeletal malocclusion in which patients have a deficient mandibular length, resulting in a more posterior position of the mandible. We aimed to investigate the association between Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in <i>Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2</i> (<i>FGFR2)</i> gene and MR in germans.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Genomic DNA and lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained from orthodontic patients. Patients were allocated into the ‘Retruded’ group (SNB angle &lt; 78°) and into the ‘Well-positioned’ group (SNB 78°–82°). The rs4752566, rs10736303, rs11200014, rs1078806, rs1219648, rs2981578 and rs2162540 SNPs were genotyped using real-time PCR. Allele, genotype and haplotype frequencies were compared (α = 5%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 142 patients were included, 93 (65.5%) allocated into the ‘Retruded’ group and 49 (34.5%) into the ‘Well-positioned’ group. The allele T in rs2981578 SNP was statistically more frequent in the ‘Retruded’ group in both univariate (PR = 1.22; 95% CI, = 1.02–1.47) and multivariate (PR = 1.55; 95% CI, = 1.07–2.25) analyses (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The CT + TT genotypes were statistically more frequent in the ‘Retruded’ group in univariate (PR = 1.58; 95% CI, = 1.03–2.41) and multivariate (PR = 1.59; 95% CI, = 1.11–2.26) analysis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). All studied SNPs were associated with MR establishment in haplotype analysis (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SNPs in the <i>FGFR2</i> are associated with MR and have the potential to serve as genetic biomarkers to early diagnosis and prediction of mandible growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"538-545"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13140033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145952734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on Current Knowledge of Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: From Animal to Human Studies","authors":"Takashi Ono,&nbsp;Carlos Flores-Mir","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12882","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12882","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Orthodontists' interest in paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea (PedOSA) has grown in popularity recently. We have seen growth modification treatment modalities, including maxillary expansion, promising the prevention or cure of PedOSA. Clinical approaches such as palatal expansion and mandibular and maxillary complex advancement have been proposed to manage PedOSA. These hypotheses should be adequately tested before clinical recommendations are formulated. This review aimed to narratively synthesise our current understanding of PedOSA management with craniofacial growth modification alternatives. Basic research on the biological basis of PedOSA has been conducted in animal models. Laboratory-based PedOSA studies wish to provide insight into the molecular biological mechanisms by which human PedOSA affects growth-associated structural and emotional growth and development. In the proposed IH animal model, mandibular growth (especially posterior anteroposterior and transverse dimensions) and condylar head bone density were more sensitive to IH exposure in adolescents but less in juvenile rats. Nevertheless, clear-cut statistical growth differences were limited. This suggests that IH, in this rat model, influenced mandibular morphology and metabolism later than earlier craniofacial growth stages. No impact was found for the maxillofacial complex in any plane of space. The existing human studies on the causes, risk factors, consequences, symptomatology, diagnosis and effects of PedOSA are discussed. However, there is a pressing need for further research to clarify whether craniofacial disturbances are consequences or facilitators of PedOSA. Several hypotheses about the potential impact of impaired craniofacial growth as a facilitator for PedOSA currently circulate.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"29 3","pages":"410-415"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}