Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Pilot study for three-dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional comparison","authors":"Michele D'Attilio,&nbsp;Giulia Falone,&nbsp;Rossana Pipitone,&nbsp;Francesco Moscagiuri,&nbsp;Francesco Caroccia,&nbsp;Antonino Peluso","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12800","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12800","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has given orthodontists the possibility of studying craniofacial structures in three dimensions. Despite the possibility to obtain lateral cephalograms synthesized from CBCT, this approach still does not provide a fully three-dimensional evaluation of the patient's anatomy. While there has been some success in adapting traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's <i>t</i>-test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The comparison between three-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two-dimensional PVC-MVC (−0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (<i>P</i> = .27). Similarly, no significant difference (<i>P</i> = .28) was observed between two-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.56 ± 0.34 cm) and three-dimensional MVC-AVC (−0.47 ± 0.37 cm).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 S2","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional video recordings: Accuracy, reliability, clinical and research guidelines – Reliability assessment of a 4D camera","authors":"Gabriella Coppola,&nbsp;Dominik Hänggi,&nbsp;Gianluca Cassina,&nbsp;Carlalberta Verna,&nbsp;Nikolaos Gkantidis,&nbsp;Georgios Kanavakis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12808","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12808","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In addition to studying facial anatomy, stereophotogrammetry is an efficient diagnostic tool for assessing facial expressions through 3D video recordings. Current technology produces high-quality recordings but also generates extremely excessive data. Here, we compare various recording speeds for three standardized movements using the 3dMDface camera system, to assess its accuracy and reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A linear and two circular movements were performed using a 3D-printed cube mounted on a robotic arm. All movements were recorded initially at 60 fps (frames/second) and then at 30 and 15 fps. Recording accuracy was tested with best-fit superimpositions of consecutive frames of the 3D cube and calculation of the Mean Absolute Distance (MAD). The reliability of the recordings were tested with evaluation of the inter- and intra-examiner error.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy of movement recordings was excellent at all speeds (60, 30 and 15 fps), with variability in MAD values consistently being less than 1 mm. The reliability of the camera recordings was excellent at all recording speeds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrated that 3D recordings of facial expressions can be performed at 30 or even at 15 fps without significant loss of information. This considerably reduces the amount of produced data facilitating further processing and analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 5","pages":"803-812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-centred oral cleft research","authors":"Edwin M. Ongkosuwito,&nbsp;Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula,&nbsp;Titiaan Dormaar,&nbsp;Maria Costanza Meazzini","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12784","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12784","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The perspective on the treatment of oral clefts (OCs) and related congenital craniofacial syndromes is shifting and a better understanding of what matters to our patients and a continuing dialogue are necessary throughout the long treatment trajectory from birth until adulthood. It is most important that patients and their parents understand the information provided, so that they can take part in the decision making.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, research on patients with OCs is often focused on treatment and in patients with a complete unilateral lip, alveolar, palate cleft, this means that the patient undergoes lip, soft palate, hard palate and alveolar surgical closure mixed with ENT therapy, speech therapy, orthodontics and possibly psychosocial counselling over the years, comparing many different protocols.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; When a new surgical technique is used within the same treatment protocol, one can only evaluate this well at the end of growth, after the treatment has been completed, so in (early) adulthood. This means that when researchers report on long or short term treatment methodological rigorousness is necessary.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; And whether research is on treatment outcome from a clinician or a patient perspective both should follow a strict methodological set up and report. The equator-network that aims to enhance the quality and transparency of health research should be the first stop for any researcher.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Also in research on OCs the presentation of a fixed set of background data including ethnicity, gender, the same and correct phenotype, year of birth, age at outcome and consecutiveness of cases is needed. Other influencing factors, such as number of surgeons, surgical technique, number, timing, revisions and complications of surgeries, number of orthodontists, reporting time span and whether a standardized protocol was used, should be included in the report.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although the reporting on correct (sub) phenotypes of OCs is clearly needed,&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; research is still often hampered by incomplete or unclear reporting.&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;7&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Clinicians should be able to use an easy registration form&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;8&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; that records a precise anatomical description at birth, that could then be converted to different classification systems, such as the LAHSHAL&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and the Dutch Association for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies (NVSCA) registration&lt;span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt; but also other commonly used systems such as the ICD.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Epidemiological research has been reported on in the past but it remains valuable. When researchers report on their consecutive cases over a certain time span readers can get an understanding whether the patient group described fits within the local prevalence or whether it is deviating.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bias or potential confounders may then be diminished by a well composed study.","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 S1","pages":"4-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third molar agenesis in individuals with supernumerary teeth","authors":"Luca Friedli,&nbsp;Eva Henninger,&nbsp;Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis,&nbsp;Vasileios F Zymperdikas,&nbsp;Moschos A Papadopoulos,&nbsp;Georgios Kanavakis,&nbsp;Nikolaos Gkantidis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12807","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the association between third molar agenesis and supernumerary tooth formation in a white-European population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A record review in various orthodontic clinics identified 380 eligible white-European individuals, half of whom had non-syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth (122 males and 68 females, totalling 244 supernumerary teeth; median age: 13.1, iqr: 1.5 years), and the other half were age- and sex-matched controls with full dentition, excluding the third molars. Tooth sequences were identified in panoramic radiographs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the supernumerary group, approximately 80% of the individuals had a single supernumerary tooth, followed by those having two additional teeth. In both groups, there was no sexual dimorphism in third molar agenesis severity. The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the supernumerary group was similar to that of the control group (28/190 = 14.7% in both groups; <i>p</i> = 1.0). In total, 53 third molars were missing in the supernumerary group (n = 190) compared to 67 in the control group (n = 190; <i>p</i> = .862). The ratio of bilateral to unilateral third molar agenesis was significantly lower in the supernumerary group than in the control group (1.0 vs. 3.7, respectively; <i>p</i> = .026).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of supernumerary teeth did not significantly alter the likelihood of third molar agenesis or its severity. Bilateral third molar agenesis was considerably less prevalent in individuals with supernumerary teeth compared to controls. The present novel findings have important clinical and developmental implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 5","pages":"795-802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 plays a role in orthodontic tooth movement by inhibiting osteoclast differentiation","authors":"Jingjing Feng,&nbsp;Anqi Tan,&nbsp;Weiran Li,&nbsp;Yunfei Zheng","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12794","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12794","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background and Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The alveolar bone remodelling promoted by reasonable mechanical force triggers orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). The generation of osteoclasts is essential in this process. However, the mechanism of mechanical force mediating osteoclast differentiation remains elusive. Small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5), which was reported to mediate the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in our previous study, was downregulated in human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under mechanical force. At the same time, the RANKL/OPG ratio increased. Based on this, we probed into the role of SNHG5 in osteoclast formation during OTM and the relevant mechanism.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SNHG5 and the RANKL/OPG ratio under different compressive forces were detected by western blotting (WB) and qRT-PCR. Impact of overexpression or knockdown of SNHG5 on osteoclast differentiation was detected by qRT-PCR, WB and transwell experiments. The combination of SNHG5 and C/EBP<i>β</i> was verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull-down assays. The expression of SNHG5 and osteoclast markers in gingiva were analysed by qRT-PCR and the paraffin sections of periodontal tissues were used for histological analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Compressive force downregulated SNHG5 and upregulated the RANKL/OPG ratio in hPDLCs. Overexpression of SNHG5 inhibited RANKL's expression and osteoclast differentiation. SNHG5 combined with C/EBP<i>β</i>, a regulator of osteoclast. The expression of SNHG5 in periodontal tissue decreased during OTM.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SNHG5 inhibited osteoclast differentiation during OTM, achieved by affecting RANKL secretion, which may provide a new idea to interfere with bone resorption during orthodontic treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 5","pages":"775-784"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140857678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence as a prediction tool for orthognathic surgery assessment","authors":"Pedro Henrique José de Oliveira,&nbsp;Tengfei Li,&nbsp;Haoyue Li,&nbsp;João Roberto Gonçalves,&nbsp;Ary Santos-Pinto,&nbsp;Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Junior,&nbsp;Lucia Soares Cevidanes,&nbsp;Claudia Toyama,&nbsp;Guilherme Paladini Feltrin,&nbsp;Antonio Augusto Campanha,&nbsp;Melchiades Alves de Oliveira Junior,&nbsp;Jonas Bianchi","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12805","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12805","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An ideal orthodontic treatment involves qualitative and quantitative measurements of dental and skeletal components to evaluate patients' discrepancies, such as facial, occlusal, and functional characteristics. Deciding between orthodontics and orthognathic surgery remains challenging, especially in borderline patients. Advances in technology are aiding clinical decisions in orthodontics. The increasing availability of data and the era of big data enable the use of artificial intelligence to guide clinicians' diagnoses. This study aims to test the capacity of different machine learning (ML) models to predict whether orthognathic surgery or orthodontics treatment is required, using soft and hard tissue cephalometric values.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 920 lateral radiographs from patients previously treated with either conventional orthodontics or in combination with orthognathic surgery were used, comprising <i>n</i> = 558 Class II and <i>n</i> = 362 Class III patients, respectively. Thirty-two measures were obtained from each cephalogram at the initial appointment. The subjects were randomly divided into training (<i>n</i> = 552), validation (<i>n</i> = 183), and test (<i>n</i> = 185) datasets, both as an entire sample and divided into Class II and Class III sub-groups. The extracted data were evaluated using 10 machine learning models and by a four-expert panel consisting of orthodontists (<i>n</i> = 2) and surgeons (<i>n</i> = 2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The combined prediction of 10 models showed top-ranked performance in the testing dataset for accuracy, F1-score, and AUC (entire sample: 0.707, 0.706, 0.791; Class II: 0.759, 0.758, 0.824; Class III: 0.822, 0.807, 0.89).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The proposed combined 10 ML approach model accurately predicted the need for orthognathic surgery, showing better performance in Class III patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 5","pages":"785-794"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140876996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed reality-based technology to visualize and facilitate treatment planning of impacted teeth: Proof of concept","authors":"Piotr S. Fudalej,&nbsp;Agnieszka Garlicka,&nbsp;Damian Dołęga-Dołegowski,&nbsp;Magda Dołęga-Dołegowska,&nbsp;Klaudia Proniewska,&nbsp;Iva Voborna,&nbsp;Ivana Dubovska","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12803","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12803","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We propose a method utilizing mixed reality (MR) goggles (HoloLens 2, Microsoft) to facilitate impacted canine alignment, as planning the traction direction and force delivery could benefit from 3D data visualization using mixed reality (MR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cone-beam CT scans featuring isometric resolution and low noise-to-signal ratio were semi-automatically segmented in Inobitec software. The exported 3D mesh (OBJ file) was then optimized for the HoloLens 2. Using the Unreal Engine environment, we developed an application for the HoloLens 2, implementing HoloLens SDK and UX Tools. Adjustable pointers were added for planning attachment placement, traction direction, and point of force application. The visualization was presented to participants of a course on impacted teeth treatment, followed by a 10-question survey addressing potential advantages (5-point scale: 1 = totally agree, 5 = totally disagree).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Out of 38 respondents, 44.7% were orthodontists, 34.2% dentists, 15.8% dental students, and 5.3% dental technicians. Most respondents (44.7%) were between 35 and 44 years old, and only 1 (2.6%) respondent was 55–64 years old. Median answers for six questions were ‘totally agree’ (25th percentile 1, 75th percentile 2) and for four questions ‘agree’ (25th percentile 1, 75th percentile 2). No correlation was found between age, profession, and responses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our method generated substantial interest among clinicians. The initial responses affirm the potential benefits, supporting the continued exploration of MR-based techniques for the treatment of impacted teeth. However, the recommendation for widespread use awaits validation through clinical trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 S2","pages":"42-47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12803","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140850625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the development of artificial intelligence in orthodontics","authors":"Ju-Myung Lee,&nbsp;Jun-Ho Moon,&nbsp;Ji-Ae Park,&nbsp;Jong-Hak Kim,&nbsp;Shin-Jae Lee","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12806","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12806","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since developing AI procedures demands significant computing resources and time, the implementation of a careful experimental design is essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the development of AI in orthodontics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 162 AI models were developed, with various combinations of sample sizes (170, 340, 679), input variables (40, 80, 160), output variables (38, 76, 154), training sessions (100, 500, 1000), and computer specifications (new vs. old). The TabNet deep-learning algorithm was used to develop these AI models, and leave-one-out cross-validation was applied in training. The goodness-of-fit of the regression models was compared using the adjusted coefficient of determination values, and the best-fit model was selected accordingly. Multiple linear regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationship between the influencing factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Increasing the number of training sessions enhanced the effectiveness of the AI models. The best-fit regression model for predicting the computational time of AI, which included logarithmic transformation of time, sample size, and training session variables, demonstrated an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.99.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study results show that estimating the time required for AI development may be possible using logarithmic transformations of time, sample size, and training session variables, followed by applying coefficients estimated through several pilot studies with reduced sample sizes and reduced training sessions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 S2","pages":"6-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12806","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomechanics of clear aligner therapy: Assessing the influence of tooth position and flat trimline height in translational movements","authors":"Flavio Traversa, Philippe Chavanne, James Mah","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12796","url":null,"abstract":"ObjectiveThe present clear aligner therapy (CAT) research focuses on isolating and reporting the biomechanical performance for three separate teeth, three translational movements and two flat trimlines at different heights. By identifying key patterns, the research seeks to inform the development of improved aligner designs, ultimately enhancing the effectiveness of clinical orthodontic treatments.Materials and MethodsIn an in vitro setting using the Orthodontic Force Simulator (OFS), the biomechanical response of 30 aligners was investigated on three different teeth of a straight symmetric maxillary dentition (central incisor, canine and first molar). Each tooth was tested under two flat trimline conditions (trimmed at gingival margin, TL0; extended 2.0 mm below, TL2) and for three types of translational movements (palatal translation, mesial translation and intrusion). Forces and moments were reported at the centre of resistance for each displaced tooth as well as the two neighbouring teeth, evaluating a total of 18 distinct scenarios.ResultsFindings indicate significant variability in the biomechanical responses based on tooth location in the arch, trimline height and movement performed. For palatal translations, the palatal force required to perform the movement was observed highest in molar cases, followed by canine and incisor cases, with a notable difference in the distribution of side effects, indicating a strong influence of tooth anatomy and position in the arch. Similarly, in mesial translations and intrusions molars experienced greater forces and moments than the corresponding movements applied on canines and incisors, but uniquely dispersed for each configuration tested. Regarding the shape of the aligner, TL2 consistently showed improved control over orthodontic movements compared to TL0. Neighbouring teeth frequently displayed compensatory reactions up to about half of the intensity observed on the tooth being moved, with notable variations from case to case.ConclusionsThis research supports fundamental factors impacting CAT: &lt;jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"&gt; &lt;jats:list-item&gt;Characteristic patterns in the direction and intensity of forces and moments are associated with each of the three translational movements tested.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt; &lt;jats:list-item&gt;Tooth anatomy and arch location significantly influence the biomechanical performance of aligners, with an observed trend for molars to display higher forces and moments over canines and incisors, but distributed differently.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt; &lt;jats:list-item&gt;The height of a flat trimline, specifically TL2, shows enhanced control over orthodontic movements.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt; &lt;jats:list-item&gt;Additional findings revealed a compensatory activity of neighbouring teeth, which varies based on tooth region and movement type. It potentially could influence CAT outcomes negatively and merits attention in future investigations.&lt;/jats:list-item&gt; &lt;/jats:list&gt;These results support a tailored CAT method","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Headgear therapy in children with Class II malocclusion and the role of compliance on treatment outcome: A nine-month randomized controlled trial","authors":"Luis Huanca Ghislanzoni,&nbsp;Stavros Kiliaridis,&nbsp;Gregory S. Antonarakis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12802","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12802","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate three-dimensional movements of maxillary teeth during headgear treatment in Class II growing children, using digital analytical tools, and to determine the effects of compliance on these movements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A 9-month parallel-group randomized controlled trial was carried out on 40 children with Class II malocclusion, aged 8-12 years, half assigned to receive a cervical headgear and half to a no-treatment group, using block randomization. Subjects in the treatment group were instructed to wear the headgear for 12 hours daily and monitored using an electronic module. After 9 months, the following dental outcomes were measured: first maxillary molar distalisation, rotation, tip and torque, arch depth, and interpremolar and intermolar distances. Caregivers and participants were not blinded to group assignments, but those assessing outcomes were. Linear regression models were used to detect differences between groups and correlation coefficients to find correlations between compliance and dental outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>All 40 included patients were analysed. A significant difference in molar distalisation was observed between the treatment (1.2 mm) and control groups (−0.2 mm). Arch depth change was also increased to a larger extent in the treatment groups (1.3 mm vs 0.1 mm), as was the interpremolar distance (1.9 mm vs 0.4 mm). In contrast, no significant differences in molar rotation or torque change were observed. With regard to compliance, average compliance was 55%. A significant correlation was found between molar distalisation and compliance in the treatment group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Headgear therapy has significant effects on molar distalisation, arch depth, and arch width. Compliance has a significant positive effect on molar distalisation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"27 5","pages":"767-774"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12802","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140833718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}