Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Predicting the Risk of Maxillary Canine Impaction Based on Maxillary Measurements Using Supervised Machine Learning","authors":"Cristiano Miranda de Araujo,&nbsp;Pedro Felipe de Jesus Freitas,&nbsp;Aline Xavier Ferraz,&nbsp;Patricia Kern Di Scala Andreis,&nbsp;Michelle Nascimento Meger,&nbsp;Flares Baratto-Filho,&nbsp;Cesar Augusto Rodenbusch Poletto,&nbsp;Erika Calvano Küchler,&nbsp;Elisa Souza Camargo,&nbsp;Angela Graciela Deliga Schroder","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12863","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12863","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To predict palatally impacted maxillary canines based on maxilla measurements through supervised machine learning techniques.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The maxilla images from 138 patients were analysed to investigate intermolar width, interpremolar width, interpterygoid width, maxillary length, maxillary width, nasal cavity width and nostril width, obtained through cone beam computed tomography scans. The predictive models were built using the following machine learning algorithms: Adaboost Classifier, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Classifier, K-Nearest Neighbours (KNN), Logistic Regression, Multilayer Perceptron Classifier (MLP), Random Forest Classifier and Support Vector Machine (SVM). A 5-fold cross-validation approach was employed to validate each model. Metrics such as area under the curve (AUC), accuracy, recall, precision and F1 Score were calculated for each model, and ROC curves were constructed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The predictive model included four variables (two dental and two skeletal measurements). The interpterygoid width and nostril width showed the largest effect sizes. The Gradient Boosting Classifier algorithm exhibited the best metrics, with AUC values ranging from 0.91 [CI95% = 0.74–0.98] for test data to 0.89 [CI95% = 0.86–0.94] for crossvalidation. The nostril width variable demonstrated the highest importance across all tested algorithms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The use of maxillary measurements, through supervised machine learning techniques, is a promising method for predicting palatally impacted maxillary canines. Among the models evaluated, both the Gradient Boosting Classifier and the Random Forest Classifier demonstrated the best performance metrics, with accuracy and AUC values exceeding 0.8, indicating strong predictive capability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"207-215"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142372483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Piezo1 Promotes Osteogenesis Through CaMKII Signalling in a Rat Maxillary Expansion Model","authors":"Zhengquan He,&nbsp;Yugui Du,&nbsp;Chuhan Peng,&nbsp;Bowen Xu,&nbsp;Jiayue Tang,&nbsp;Runxuan Liu,&nbsp;Kai Yang","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12862","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12862","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rapid maxillary expansion (RME) is a widely used technique to treat maxillary transverse deficiency. Piezo1 is a cation channel that is activated by mechanical force and regulates bone formation. This study aims to elucidate the role of Piezo1 in bone remodelling during the RME process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, the periosteal-derived stem cells (PDSCs) were cultured and stretched by the Flexcell system. The effects of Piezo1 on osteogenesis were assessed via RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, and western blot analyses. Moreover, for in vivo analyses, the rat RME model was established. The function of Piezo1 in mid-palatal suture bone remodelling was evaluated using micro-CT, haematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining, and immunohistochemistry analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It was revealed that under tension force, the osteogenic factors (Runt-related transcription factor 2, Osterix, and Alkaline Phosphatase) and Ca²⁺/calmodulin -dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) were significantly enhanced in PDSCs over time. Furthermore, these were also upregulated in the RME model with the expansion of the mid-palatal suture. However, Piezo1 inhibition by Grammostola spatulata mechanotoxin 4 downregulated the levels of these factors in the RME model.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study indicated that Piezo1 is associated with the osteogenesis of PDSCs and bone remodelling in the RME process. CaMKII might also participate in this process.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"196-206"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical and Camouflage Orthodontic Treatment of Anterior Open Bite: Comparison of Profile Attractiveness","authors":"C. Q. Nogueira,&nbsp;P. Cotrin,&nbsp;D. S. Freitas,&nbsp;J. E. Prado de Souza,&nbsp;F. P. Valarelli,&nbsp;K. M. S. Freitas,&nbsp;M. R. de Freitas","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12861","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12861","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the profile's attractiveness between the different protocols for treating the anterior open bite.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample comprised 39 patients with anterior open bite treated with or without extractions, divided into two groups: The surgical group (G1) comprised 21 subjects (10 males, 11 females) with a mean initial age of 21.86 years (SD = 5.09), treated with fixed orthodontic appliance followed by orthognathic surgery, for a total mean period of 2.53 years (SD = 0.61). The mean overbite was −5.01 mm (SD = 2.50); The camouflaged group (G2) comprised 18 subjects (9 males, 9 females), with a mean initial age of 20.47 years (SD = 4.19), treated only with fixed orthodontic appliance, for a total mean period of 2.56 years (SD = 0.94). The mean overbite was −4.28 mm (SD = 1.15). Lateral photographs from pretreatment and posttreatment were used. These photographs were evaluated by 46 laypeople and 67 dentists, who rated the attractiveness of each profile from 0 (most unattractive profile) to 10 (most attractive profile). Intergroup comparisons were performed with independent <i>t</i>-tests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both groups presented improvement in the profile attractiveness with treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Before treatment, the profile of the surgical group was significantly less attractive than the profile of the camouflaged group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The surgical presented a more attractive profile at the final stage than the camouflaged group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The surgical group showed a greater improvement in profile attractiveness with treatment than the camouflaged group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the final stage, the surgical presented a more attractive and greater improvement in profile attractiveness than the camouflaged group. The laypeople and dentists judged similarly the initial profile attractiveness.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"187-195"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual role of Sfrp4 in bone remodelling during orthodontic tooth movement","authors":"Qing Wang,&nbsp;Xuan Wang,&nbsp;Yanzheng Chen,&nbsp;Jinsong Pan","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12858","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12858","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The objective of this study was to determine changes in gene expression by establishing an orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) rat model with appropriate and excessive orthodontic force.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a closed coil nickel-titanium spring, the OTM was carried out to apply a mesial force of 50 or 100 g to the maxillary first molars. Micro-CT, histological and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate the bone formation at the tension site and the bone resorption and bone formation at pressure site. Then RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to the results of the Mirco-CT scan of OTM rat models, both the 50 g group and the 100 g group showed variable degrees of reduction in alveolar bone density on the tension and pressure sides. The results of histological and immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that the periodontal tissue and osteogenic ability of the 50 g group were restored at the 14 days, while the 100 g group caused severe periodontal tissue damage. The GO and KEGG analysis results, as well as the number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), varied depending on the loading time and value of appliance, according to the results of the RNA sequencing. And the immunohistochemical staining results showed that Sfrp4 functioned by efficiently influencing both bone formation and bone absorption.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Appropriate orthodontic force value could cause appropriate movement of teeth in rats without adverse periodontal damage. Simultaneously, distinct gene expression patterns were observed at various force levels and time intervals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"175-186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142351421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphone-based scans of palate models of newborns with cleft lip and palate: Outlooks for three-dimensional image capturing and machine learning plate tool","authors":"José Wittor de Macêdo Santos,&nbsp;Andreas Albert Mueller,&nbsp;Benito K. Benitez,&nbsp;Yoriko Lill,&nbsp;Prasad Nalabothu,&nbsp;Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes Muniz","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12859","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12859","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To evaluate the performance of smartphone scanning applications (apps) in acquiring 3D meshes of cleft palate models. Secondarily, to validate a machine learning (ML) tool for computing automated presurgical plate (PSP).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a comparative analysis of two apps on 15 cleft palate models: five unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP), five bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and five isolated cleft palate (ICP). The scans were performed with and without a mirror to simulate intraoral acquisition. The 3D reconstructions were compared to control reconstructions acquired using a professional intraoral scanner using open-source software.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty 3D scans were acquired by each app, totalling 60 scans. The main findings were in the UCLP sample, where the KIRI scans without a mirror (0.22 ± 0.03 mm) had a good performance with a deviation from the ground truth comparable to the control group (0.14 ± 0.13 mm) (<i>p</i> = .653). Scaniverse scans with a mirror showed the lowest accuracy of all the samples. The ML tool was able to predict the landmarks and automatically generate the plates, except in ICP models. KIRI scans' plates showed better performance with (0.22 ± 0.06 mm) and without mirror (0.18 ± 0.05 mm), being comparable with controls (0.16 ± 0.08 mm) (<i>p</i> = .954 and <i>p</i> = .439, respectively).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>KIRI Engine performed better in scanning UCLP models without a mirror. The ML tool showed a high capability for morphology recognition and automated PSP generation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"166-174"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wearing the mandibular advancement orthosis and dental movements: Contribution of a digital monitoring protocol.","authors":"M Gay, M Ducret, R Richert, G Buiret","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12860","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Oral appliance (OA) has been increasingly used for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). OAs work by propelling the mandible, increasing the upper airway calibre and reducing collapsibility. While they have shown efficacy in reducing OSAHS, long-term use can lead to adverse effects, such as dental displacement. The present study focuses on the impact on dental displacements of the NARVAL® computer-aided design and manufacturing OA from the ResMed laboratory.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study included 39 patients aged 18 or older who were treated for OSAHS using OAs initiated between 2019 and 2021 and had initial digital dental impressions. A new digital print was taken for each patient using the TRIOS 4 Wireless intra-oral scanner from 3SHAPE. Dental displacement was measured using a 3D system's GEOMAGIC design X 3D reverse engineering software. The study analysed different blocks of teeth in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the significance of dental displacements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients had been wearing the OA for an average of 2.5 years. The study found dental displacements in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, these displacements were not statistically significant. Qualitative analysis revealed palatoversion and vestibuloversion, while quantitative analysis showed minor dental displacements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study on patients wearing the NARVAL® OA for an average of 2.5 years found dental displacements in both the maxillary and mandibular arches. However, these displacements were not statistically significant. The results suggest that the OA, designed using a complete digital workflow, did not significantly impact dental positions. To confirm the impact, further investigations with larger sample sizes, an exclusively digital protocol and a control group are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome scan reveals several loci associated with torus palatinus","authors":"Myoung Keun Lee,&nbsp;Ahmed M. El Sergani,&nbsp;Noah Herrick,&nbsp;Rebecca M. Green,&nbsp;Carmencita Padilla,&nbsp;Carmen J. Buxó,&nbsp;Ross E. Long,&nbsp;Consuelo Valencia-Ramirez,&nbsp;Claudia P. Restrepo Muñeton,&nbsp;Lina M. Moreno Uribe,&nbsp;Wasiu L. Adeyemo,&nbsp;Azeez Butali,&nbsp;Mary L. Marazita,&nbsp;John R. Shaffer,&nbsp;Seth M. Weinberg","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12857","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Torus Palatinus (TP) is a common trait with an unclear aetiology. Although prior studies suggest a hereditary component, the genetic factors that influence TP risk remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to identify genetic variants associated with TP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the TP status of 829 individuals from various ancestral backgrounds using 3D palate scans. We then carried out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify common variants associated with TP. We also performed gene-based tests across the exome to investigate the role of low-frequency coding variants.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our GWAS did not identify any genome-wide significant signals but identified suggestive associations including hits on chromosomes 2, 5 and 17 with <i>p</i>-values less than 5 × 10⁻⁶. Candidate genes at these suggestive loci have been implicated in normal-range craniofacial features, syndromes with facial and oral malformations, and bone density. We did not find evidence that low-frequency coding variants influence TP risk. In addition, we failed to replicate associations identified in prior genetic studies of TP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings suggest that multiple genes likely influence the development of TP. Independent replication will be required to confirm our suggestive associations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"159-165"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12857","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation analysis of airway space and condylar morphology in bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption patients","authors":"Yanfang Yu,&nbsp;Xueyan Xia,&nbsp;Lehan Xu,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Chen,&nbsp;Ningning Zhang,&nbsp;Mengjie Wu","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12855","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12855","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To evaluate the airway space in bilateral idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) patients and analyse the correlation between the morphological characteristics of the condyles and airway parameters. In all, 35 female patients with bilateral ICR (mean age: 21.6 years) and 35 age-matched female controls (mean age: 21.3 years) were included. Airway parameters were measured using CBCT. Independent T-tests were used to analyse the differences between the bilateral ICR group and the control group, and then the correlation between airway parameters and condylar parameters was detected using Pearson correlation analysis. <i>p</i> &lt; .05 was considered statistically significant. Patients with bilateral ICR showed a significant decrease in airway volume, minimum axial area and sagittal sectional area (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). The bilateral condylar axial angle positively correlated with airway volume and sagittal sectional area (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). In contrast, the bilateral condylar neck angle negatively correlated with sagittal sectional area (<i>p</i> &lt; .05). None of the condylar parameters showed a correlation with minimum axial area of the airway in the bilateral ICR group (<i>p</i> &gt; .05). Bilateral ICR significantly affects patients' airway space. The condylar axial angle and neck angle correlate with airway parameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of chin morphology and mandibular incisor length in different facial divergence patterns: New insights from CBCT records","authors":"Joseph G. Ghafari,&nbsp;Eliane G. Ziade,&nbsp;Ammar Kassab,&nbsp;Maria Saadeh,&nbsp;Anthony T. Macari","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12856","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12856","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Evaluate constitutional differences in chin morphology and volume, and mandibular tooth size, between different facial divergence patterns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The sample consisted of 284 pretreatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of growing and non-growing patients who were stratified into 4 groups based on mandibular plane inclination to cranial base (SN) angle. Linear and angular measurements were made on the lateral CBCT images: mandibular lateral incisor crown (I-C) total (I-A) lengths, the distances between point D (centre of symphysis) and both incisor apex (D-A) and menton (D-Me) and between cemento-enamel junction and menton (CEJ-Me); chin width at the level of the central incisor apex (CWA) and point D (CWD); and the angles of the anterior and posterior symphyseal slopes. The volume of the symphysis was measured using a specialized 3D imaging software. Group differences and associations between parameters were gauged through the three-way ANOVA analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>I-C, I-A, D-A, D-Me and CEJ-Me were greater in the hyperdivergent group (<i>p</i> &lt; .001). CWA and CWD were wider in the hypodivergent group (<i>p</i> = .003). Volume of the chin and inter-slope angles were similar in all groups (<i>p</i> &gt; .05). The anterior slope angle decreased with hyperdivegence (<i>p</i> &lt; .005) in opposite pattern to the posterior slope angle (<i>p</i> &lt; .005).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shape differences in mandibular symphysis were observed between opposite divergence patterns. Mandibular incisors were longer with hyperdivergence and shorter with hypodivergence. However, chin volumes were similar across divergence groups. These findings underline the role of genetic and environmental factors that impact facial growth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"142-150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142186023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of measurements on CBCT-generated digital models using different exposure parameters (in vitro study)","authors":"Noura Ibrahim,&nbsp;Hassan Mohamed Abouelkheir,&nbsp;Noha Mohamed Elkersh","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12854","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12854","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dental imaging comprises a wide range of techniques and modalities, each with different diagnostic features influenced by numerous parameters, all of which contribute to the precision and effectiveness of dental evaluations and treatments. This study examined the dimensional reproducibility of arch measurements from CBCT scans with different voxel sizes and exposure parameters compared to a reference model from Extra-oral scanners (EOS) and how these parameters affected digital matching and diagnostic image quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A diagnostic observational study of arch dimensions, including inter-canine, inter-premolar, intermolar, arch width and arch length, was conducted on digital models (DMs) created from 65 CBCT scans of a full dentate epoxy maxillary model. The measurements obtained from EOS scans served as the control for the study. Normality was tested with the Shapiro–Wilk test, comparisons used the Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons for significant results, and data were analysed using IBM SPSS (Version 26.0), with significance set at <i>p</i> &lt; .05.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant deviations were revealed among study groups, with group I (smallest voxel size) consistently displaying the lowest values, mean (SD) deviation was reported as 0.01 (0.006) and group IV (lowest kV value) exhibiting the highest deviations, mean (SD) deviation of 0.16 (0.17).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combining a small voxel size (0.12 mm) with high milliampere (8 mA) and kilovoltage (90 kV) settings in CBCT ensured detailed anatomical visualization and accurate linear measurements, crucial for precise dental assessments, and emphasizing the necessity for strict control over CBCT parameters in dental applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":"28 1","pages":"133-141"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142154751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}