Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of protraction or orthognathic surgery for class III malocclusion on longitudinal quality of life in patients with cleft lip and palate","authors":"Bocheng Gu,&nbsp;Alexis L. Johns,&nbsp;Lamia Binhuwaishel,&nbsp;Amarjit Dass,&nbsp;Barbara Sheller,&nbsp;Hitesh P. Kapadia,&nbsp;Stephen L-K. Yen","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12810","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12810","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study assessed overall quality of life (QoL) over time in youth with cleft lip and palate (CLP) undergoing maxillary protraction treatment or orthognathic surgery for class III malocclusion to identify any differences in QoL based on treatment group and outcome success.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted in two pediatric hospitals. The Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) measured physical and mental QoL prior to treatment, at maximal correction, at treatment completion, and at 1-year post treatment. Analyses included one-sample, two-sample, and paired t-tests and analyses of variance and covariance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (N = 91) either completed protraction (n = 53) at age 11–14 or surgery (n = 38) at age 16–21. Participants were mostly Latinx (67%) males (55%) born with unilateral CLP (81%) and there were no demographic differences between the two groups other than age. The total sample's QoL was in the average range and significantly higher than national norms. No significant differences were found in QoL-based outcome success; however, the protraction group showed a gradual physical QoL improvement over time, while the surgery group experienced a temporary drop in physical QoL postoperatively. At treatment completion, higher physical QoL was associated with higher socioeconomic status. At a year post treatment, mental QoL was significantly higher for males.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Both protraction and surgery appear to be acceptable treatment options in terms of overall QoL for youth with CLP. While treatment success did not impact QoL, there were some differences in physical QoL coinciding with the treatment phase as well as individual factors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141180219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of post-printing curing time on cytotoxicity of direct printed aligners: A pilot study.","authors":"Giorgio Iodice, Bjorn Ludwig, Elena Polishchuk, Raffaella Petruzzelli, Roberto Di Cunto, Soboh Husam, Mauro Farella","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this in vitro study was to examine the potential impact of different curing times of 3D-printed orthodontic aligners on their cytotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Some 60 samples of aligner material were directly 3D printed using Tera Harz TC-85 DAC resin and randomly allocated to three different curing time groups (14, 24 and 50 min). Zendura FLX samples were used as control. The samples were incubated in saliva for 14 days, and then the supernatant was collected. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1)-CRL2014 were used to evaluate potential cytotoxicity. Furthermore, HGF-1 cells were plated on the samples as well as on a glass control sample. After 72 h of growth, their viability was tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with the glass, only the 50-min curing time markedly reduced fibroblast cell growth. Additionally, a negative linear trend was observed between curing time and fibroblast growth. In comparison with the aligner control group, all samples, including the aligner control samples, exhibited a significant reduction in the viability of human fibroblasts when exposed to saliva.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>3D directly printed aligners showed a cytotoxic effect similar to that of thermoformed conventional aligners in terms of fibroblasts growth. A linear trend was found between curing time and cells growth, indicating that directly printed aligners could exhibit higher cytotoxicity if exposed to a longer curing time. This dependence on curing time underscores the importance of following a strict manufacturing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141155438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of hard palate and cleft morphology in neonates with Pierre Robin Sequence and Cleft Palate Only.","authors":"Ines Willershausen, Nils Krautkremer, Armin Ströbel, Tariq Abu-Tair, Friedrich Paulsen, Karin Strobel, Markus Kopp, Matthias Stefan May, Michael Uder, Franziska Krautkremer, Lina Gölz","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to establish a fully digital measurement protocol for standardizing the description of hard palate and cleft morphology in neonates with an isolated cleft palate (CPO) and Pierre Robin sequence (PRS).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 20 digitized plaster models of neonates with CPO and 20 digitized plaster models of neonates with PRS were retrospectively investigated. For the control group, the hard palate was segmented from 21 pre-existing 1.5 T MRI datasets of neonates and exported as an STL file. The digital models were marked with predefined reference points by three raters. Distance, angular, and area measurements were performed using Blender and MeshLab.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neonates with CPO (20.20 ± 2.33 mm) and PRS (21.41 ± 1.81 mm) had a significantly shorter hard palate than the control group (23.44 ± 2.24 mm) (CPO vs. control: P < .001; PRS vs. control: P = .014). Notably, neonates with PRS (33.05 ± 1.95 mm) demonstrated a significantly wider intertuberosity distance than those with CPO (30.52 ± 2.28 mm) (P = .012). Furthermore, there were also significant differences measured between the cleft and control groups (25.22 ± 2.50 mm) (P < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The data from this study demonstrate the feasibility of using MRI datasets to generate digital models of the hard palate. The presence of a cleft palate leads to pronounced adaptations of the total palatal surface area, dorsal width, and length of the hard palate. Mandibular retrognathia and altered tongue position in PRS, as opposed to CPO, might further impact palatal morphology and intertuberosity distance.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141087366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment outcomes of digital nasoalveolar moulding in infants with cleft lip and palate: A systematic review with meta-analysis.","authors":"Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari, Abirami Rajasekaran, Partha Haldar, Edlira Zere, Kunaal Dhingra, Raj Kumar Manas, Xianrui Yang","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12809","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this systematic review was to compare the treatment outcomes of digital nasoalveolar moulding (dNAM) technique with conventional nasoalveolar moulding (cNAM) or non-presurgical intervention protocol in infants with unilateral (UCLP) or bilateral (BCLP) cleft lip and palate. A bibliometric search by MEDLINE (via Ovid), Embase, Cochrane Library, grey literature and manual method was conducted without language restriction until November 2023. Literature screening and data extraction were undertaken in Covidence. The risk of bias was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and RoB-2. Pooled effect sizes were determined through random-effects statistical model using R-Software, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Among 775 retrieved articles, nine studies were included for qualitative synthesis (6-UCLP, 3-BCLP), with only three eligible UCLP studies for meta-analysis. In the UCLP group, very low certainty of evidence indicated no difference in alveolar cleft width (SMD, 0.13 mm; 95% CI, -0.31 to 0.57; I², 0%), soft tissue (lip) cleft gap, nasal width, nasal height, and columellar deviation angle changes between dNAM and cNAM. In the BCLP group, qualitative synthesis suggested similar changes in alveolar, lip, and nasal dimensions with dNAM and cNAM. In both cleft groups (UCLP, BCLP), reduced alveolar cleft width was observed in the dNAM group compared to the non-presurgical intervention protocol, along with fewer clinical visits and reduced chairside time for dNAM compared to cNAM. It can be concluded that the treatment outcomes with dNAM were comparable to cNAM in reducing malformation severity and were advantageous in terms of chairside time and clinical visit frequency. However, the overall quality of evidence is very low and standardization is needed for the virtual workflow regarding the alveolar movements and growth factor algorithms. Registration: PROSPERO-database (CRD42020186452).</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141076535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different machine learning algorithms for extraction decision in orthodontic treatment.","authors":"Begüm Köktürk, Hande Pamukçu, Ömer Gözüaçık","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The extraction decision significantly affects the treatment process and outcome. Therefore, it is crucial to make this decision with a more objective and standardized method. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify the best-performing model among seven machine learning (ML) models, which will standardize the extraction decision and serve as a guide for inexperienced clinicians, and (2) to determine the important variables for the extraction decision.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 1000 patients who received orthodontic treatment with or without extraction (500 extraction and 500 non-extraction). The success criteria of the study were the decisions made by the four experienced orthodontists. Seven ML models were trained using 36 variables; including demographic information, cephalometric and model measurements. First, the extraction decision was performed, and then the extraction type was identified. Accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve were used to measure the success of ML models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Stacking Classifier model, which consists of Gradient Boosted Trees, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest models, showed the highest performance in extraction decision with 91.2% AUC. The most important features determining extraction decision were maxillary and mandibular arch length discrepancy, Wits Appraisal, and ANS-Me length. Likewise, the Stacking Classifier showed the highest performance with 76.3% accuracy in extraction type decisions. The most important variables for the extraction type decision were mandibular arch length discrepancy, Class I molar relationship, cephalometric overbite, Wits Appraisal, and L1-NB distance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Stacking Classifier model exhibited the best performance for the extraction decision. While ML models showed a high performance in extraction decision, they could not able to achieve the same level of performance in extraction type decision.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pilot study for three-dimensional cephalometric Enlow's counterpart analysis: Vertical track. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional comparison.","authors":"Michele D'Attilio, Giulia Falone, Rossana Pipitone, Francesco Moscagiuri, Francesco Caroccia, Antonino Peluso","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12800","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry has given orthodontists the possibility of studying craniofacial structures in three dimensions. Despite the possibility to obtain lateral cephalograms synthesized from CBCT, this approach still does not provide a fully three-dimensional evaluation of the patient's anatomy. While there has been some success in adapting traditional two-dimensional cephalometric analyses to three dimensions, the specific application of Enlow's cephalometric analysis using CBCT remains unexplored.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This pilot study aims to introduce a novel approach for performing Enlow's vertical track analysis using CBCT images.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighteen CBCT images of skeletal Class I (ANB = 2 ± 2) subjects (12 males and 6 females, aged from 9 to 19 years) with no history of previous orthodontic treatment were selected. For each subject, 2D Enlow's vertical track analysis was performed on lateral cephalograms extracted from the CBCT images, and separately, 3D vertical track analysis was directly performed on the CBCT images. To validate the proposed method, we compared the differences between the posterior vertical counterpart (PVC) and the middle vertical counterpart (MVC), as well as between the middle vertical counterpart (MVC) and the anterior vertical counterpart (AVC), as obtained from both the two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test was applied for each variable to check whether data were normally distributed and a paired Student's t-test was performed. The level of statistical significance was .05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparison between three-dimensional PVC-MVC (-0.43 ± 0.37 cm) and two-dimensional PVC-MVC (-0.53 ± 0.36 cm) revealed no statistical difference (P = .27). Similarly, no significant difference (P = .28) was observed between two-dimensional MVC-AVC (-0.56 ± 0.34 cm) and three-dimensional MVC-AVC (-0.47 ± 0.37 cm).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The method proposed by this study to realize the vertical track analysis on 3D images is valid and superimposable on that described by Enlow on lateral cephalograms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140945679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional video recordings: Accuracy, reliability, clinical and research guidelines – Reliability assessment of a 4D camera","authors":"Gabriella Coppola,&nbsp;Dominik Hänggi,&nbsp;Gianluca Cassina,&nbsp;Carlalberta Verna,&nbsp;Nikolaos Gkantidis,&nbsp;Georgios Kanavakis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12808","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12808","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In addition to studying facial anatomy, stereophotogrammetry is an efficient diagnostic tool for assessing facial expressions through 3D video recordings. Current technology produces high-quality recordings but also generates extremely excessive data. Here, we compare various recording speeds for three standardized movements using the 3dMDface camera system, to assess its accuracy and reliability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A linear and two circular movements were performed using a 3D-printed cube mounted on a robotic arm. All movements were recorded initially at 60 fps (frames/second) and then at 30 and 15 fps. Recording accuracy was tested with best-fit superimpositions of consecutive frames of the 3D cube and calculation of the Mean Absolute Distance (MAD). The reliability of the recordings were tested with evaluation of the inter- and intra-examiner error.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The accuracy of movement recordings was excellent at all speeds (60, 30 and 15 fps), with variability in MAD values consistently being less than 1 mm. The reliability of the camera recordings was excellent at all recording speeds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study demonstrated that 3D recordings of facial expressions can be performed at 30 or even at 15 fps without significant loss of information. This considerably reduces the amount of produced data facilitating further processing and analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12808","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-centred oral cleft research","authors":"Edwin M. Ongkosuwito,&nbsp;Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula,&nbsp;Titiaan Dormaar,&nbsp;Maria Costanza Meazzini","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12784","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12784","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The perspective on the treatment of oral clefts (OCs) and related congenital craniofacial syndromes is shifting and a better understanding of what matters to our patients and a continuing dialogue are necessary throughout the long treatment trajectory from birth until adulthood. It is most important that patients and their parents understand the information provided, so that they can take part in the decision making.<span>¹</span></p><p>However, research on patients with OCs is often focused on treatment and in patients with a complete unilateral lip, alveolar, palate cleft, this means that the patient undergoes lip, soft palate, hard palate and alveolar surgical closure mixed with ENT therapy, speech therapy, orthodontics and possibly psychosocial counselling over the years, comparing many different protocols.<span>²</span> When a new surgical technique is used within the same treatment protocol, one can only evaluate this well at the end of growth, after the treatment has been completed, so in (early) adulthood. This means that when researchers report on long or short term treatment methodological rigorousness is necessary.<span>³</span> And whether research is on treatment outcome from a clinician or a patient perspective both should follow a strict methodological set up and report. The equator-network that aims to enhance the quality and transparency of health research should be the first stop for any researcher.<span>⁴</span></p><p>Also in research on OCs the presentation of a fixed set of background data including ethnicity, gender, the same and correct phenotype, year of birth, age at outcome and consecutiveness of cases is needed. Other influencing factors, such as number of surgeons, surgical technique, number, timing, revisions and complications of surgeries, number of orthodontists, reporting time span and whether a standardized protocol was used, should be included in the report.<span>⁵</span></p><p>Although the reporting on correct (sub) phenotypes of OCs is clearly needed,<span>⁶</span> research is still often hampered by incomplete or unclear reporting.<span>⁷</span> Clinicians should be able to use an easy registration form<span>⁸</span> that records a precise anatomical description at birth, that could then be converted to different classification systems, such as the LAHSHAL<span>⁹</span> and the Dutch Association for Cleft Palate and Craniofacial Anomalies (NVSCA) registration<span>¹⁰</span> but also other commonly used systems such as the ICD.</p><p>Epidemiological research has been reported on in the past but it remains valuable. When researchers report on their consecutive cases over a certain time span readers can get an understanding whether the patient group described fits within the local prevalence or whether it is deviating.</p><p>Bias or potential confounders may then be diminished by a well composed study.","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12784","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140908656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Third molar agenesis in individuals with supernumerary teeth","authors":"Luca Friedli,&nbsp;Eva Henninger,&nbsp;Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis,&nbsp;Vasileios F Zymperdikas,&nbsp;Moschos A Papadopoulos,&nbsp;Georgios Kanavakis,&nbsp;Nikolaos Gkantidis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12807","DOIUrl":"10.1111/ocr.12807","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To explore the association between third molar agenesis and supernumerary tooth formation in a white-European population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Materials and Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A record review in various orthodontic clinics identified 380 eligible white-European individuals, half of whom had non-syndromic permanent supernumerary teeth (122 males and 68 females, totalling 244 supernumerary teeth; median age: 13.1, iqr: 1.5 years), and the other half were age- and sex-matched controls with full dentition, excluding the third molars. Tooth sequences were identified in panoramic radiographs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the supernumerary group, approximately 80% of the individuals had a single supernumerary tooth, followed by those having two additional teeth. In both groups, there was no sexual dimorphism in third molar agenesis severity. The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the supernumerary group was similar to that of the control group (28/190 = 14.7% in both groups; <i>p</i> = 1.0). In total, 53 third molars were missing in the supernumerary group (n = 190) compared to 67 in the control group (n = 190; <i>p</i> = .862). The ratio of bilateral to unilateral third molar agenesis was significantly lower in the supernumerary group than in the control group (1.0 vs. 3.7, respectively; <i>p</i> = .026).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The presence of supernumerary teeth did not significantly alter the likelihood of third molar agenesis or its severity. Bilateral third molar agenesis was considerably less prevalent in individuals with supernumerary teeth compared to controls. The present novel findings have important clinical and developmental implications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ocr.12807","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors influencing the development of artificial intelligence in orthodontics.","authors":"Ju-Myung Lee, Jun-Ho Moon, Ji-Ae Park, Jong-Hak Kim, Shin-Jae Lee","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12806","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Since developing AI procedures demands significant computing resources and time, the implementation of a careful experimental design is essential. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors influencing the development of AI in orthodontics.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 162 AI models were developed, with various combinations of sample sizes (170, 340, 679), input variables (40, 80, 160), output variables (38, 76, 154), training sessions (100, 500, 1000), and computer specifications (new vs. old). The TabNet deep-learning algorithm was used to develop these AI models, and leave-one-out cross-validation was applied in training. The goodness-of-fit of the regression models was compared using the adjusted coefficient of determination values, and the best-fit model was selected accordingly. Multiple linear regression analyses were employed to investigate the relationship between the influencing factors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Increasing the number of training sessions enhanced the effectiveness of the AI models. The best-fit regression model for predicting the computational time of AI, which included logarithmic transformation of time, sample size, and training session variables, demonstrated an adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.99.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study results show that estimating the time required for AI development may be possible using logarithmic transformations of time, sample size, and training session variables, followed by applying coefficients estimated through several pilot studies with reduced sample sizes and reduced training sessions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140870886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}