Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"Comparison Between Direct, Virtual Aided by Clinician and Artificial Intelligence Bonding Techniques in Orthodontics.","authors":"Tarek ElShebiny, Johana Cortés-Mercado, Neda Stefanovic, Juan Martín Palomo","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to determine if there are any clinically significant differences between direct, virtual indirect, and artificial intelligence (AI) bonding techniques.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This in vivo study analysed 840 teeth selected from 14 patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with full fixed appliances. Anatomical superimpositions were performed, and data were collected as both numerical values and colour-coded deviation maps to assess the differences between direct, AI, and virtual indirect bonding techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The intraclass correlation coefficient test showed good correlation (0.894). The Kruskal-Wallis comparison showed a statistically significant difference when comparing direct to virtual indirect and direct to AI. Descriptive statistics showed 4 values with clinically significant differences when comparing direct to virtual indirect. Descriptive statistics showed 3 values with clinically significant differences when comparing direct to AI. Root mean square (RMS) discrepancies exceeding 0.50 mm were found in four tooth types (AI vs. Direct) and three (Clinician vs. Direct).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We found statistically and clinically significant differences between AI and virtual indirect when compared to direct bonding. With our data, we could infer that if we compare AI versus virtual indirect, there might not be any clinically significant differences since the differences between them fall below 0.25 mm.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145280903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Analysis of Maxillary Sinus Volume in Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate Versus Class III Malocclusion Patients Using CBCT.","authors":"Sara Eslami, Anand Marya, Babak Sayahpour, Sarah Bühling, Stefan Kopp, Hanieh Mahmoudi, Ahmadreza Talaeipour, Ari Harsoputranto, Abdolreza Jamilian","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study compared maxillary sinus volume (MSV) in patients with unilateral non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (CLP) to a skeletally matched control group with a skeletal class III pattern (group CTR) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.</p><p><strong>Materials/methods: </strong>Ninety CBCT images were evaluated, including 45 patients with unilateral CLP (group CLP, mean age 24.3 ± 6.1) and 45 patients with Class III malocclusion (group CTR, mean age 25.3 ± 5.9). Both groups were skeletally matched based on SNA, SNB, ANB, GoGn-SN angles and Wits appraisal values. MSV was measured using ITK-SNAP software. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test confirmed normal data distribution. Intergroup comparisons of average MSV, MSV stratified per side, cephalometric parameters and gender differences were performed using Student's t-test. Intragroup comparisons (cleft vs. non-cleft side, right vs. left side) were conducted using a paired t-test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No statistically significant differences in average MSV were found between the CLP group (7589.74 ± 4060.23 mm³) and the CTR group (7901.90 ± 3667.69 mm³) (p = 0.59). However, within the CLP group, the MSV on the cleft side (6870.53 ± 3695.29 mm³) was significantly smaller than on the non-cleft side (8308.96 ± 4316.53 mm³) (p < 0.05). No significant gender differences regarding MSV values were found (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Unilateral cleft lip and palate resulted in a significantly smaller MSV on the cleft side in CLP patients. However, the average MSV of CLP patients was not significantly reduced compared to non-cleft patients with a skeletal Class III pattern.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designed Versus Achieved 3D Mandibular Teeth Movements and Influencing Factors After First Premolar Extraction With Invisalign: A New Digital Root Model.","authors":"Waseem S Al-Gumaei, Reem Al-Attab, Xiaoqi Zhang, Hu Long, Wenli Lai, Fan Jian","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to compare the designed and achieved three-dimensional (3D) whole tooth (crown with root) movements and influencing factors of the mandibular teeth in patients who underwent first premolar extractions and were treated with the first series of Invisalign aligners (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Thirty-three consecutively treated adults (Class I with crowding or bimaxillary protrusion) from a single clinical division who completed the first series of aligners after premolar extractions were included in this retrospective study. The pretreatment, designed and post-first series treatment teeth (crowns, roots and bone) models were performed using Clincheck software (Align Technology, San Jose, CA, USA). The superimposition of the models was performed with Geomagic Studio Software 2014 (Raindrop Geomagic Inc., USA) to assess 3D tooth movements. Descriptive and analytical statistics were performed, and a p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant discrepancies between the designed and achieved mandibular tooth movements were observed, particularly in mesiodistal and buccolingual angular movements (p < 0.05). Non-significant discrepancies were found in mesiodistal, buccolingual (except for L1) and vertical (except for L5 and L7) linear movements (p > 0.05). Key influencing factors included aligner generation (G6), attachment design, temporary anchorage devices (TADs) and patient-specific variables (age, gender, overjet/overbite) (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights significant deviations between the designed and achieved mandibular tooth (crowns with roots) movements following the first series of Invisalign aligners in patients with first premolar extractions. Key findings demonstrate significant mesiodistal and buccolingual angular tooth movement deviations compared to linear movements (mesiodistal, buccolingual and vertical). Factors such as aligner generation (G6), attachment design, TADs and patient-specific variables (age, gender, overjet/overbite) emerged as pivotal determinants of movement accuracy. These findings may provide further evidence for virtual design during clear aligner treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145275473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Class II Elastics on Stress Distribution in Distinct Facial Growth Patterns.","authors":"Priyanka Roy, Chander Gowda Nishita","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The objective of this research was to elucidate displacement of maxillomandibular complex and stress pattern formed on temporomandibular joint in horizontal and vertical growing facial forms in Class II elastic placement from lower first molar to upper canine; and from lower second molar to upper canine and compare stress pattern formed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The model was determined from Cone-beam computed tomography of two individuals, one with a horizontal and one with a vertical facial profile. Four models, with brackets and archwires, were created with different elastic configurations. The models were subjected to finite element method validation with loading conditions for 200 g of orthodontic forces, and relevant material properties were assigned to obtain overall stress and deformation to the teeth model. The stress values were obtained on the condylar head and articular disc and were plotted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Displacement was more when elastic stretch was between maxillary canine and mandibular second molar in horizontal facial model (0.30 mm) and minimum in vertical facial model with elastic stretch from maxillary canine to mandibular first molar (0.24 mm). In vertical facial models, maximum principal stress was more on glenoid fossa of both the configurations (0.045 and 0.054 MPa); canines of both the configurations experienced more stress (0.039 and 0.027 MPa).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This FEM analysis demonstrated that vertical facial growth patterns experience higher stress concentrations in the TMJ under class II elastic traction compared to horizontal growth patterns. Similarly, special considerations are taken in cases where elastics are placed between upper canine and lower second molar, so as to not disturb the occlusal harmony and muscular balance in the oro-facial region. These findings highlighted the importance of biomechanical consideration when applying orthodontic elastics in different facial patterns. However, clinical symptoms such as pain or discomfort were not evaluated in this study and cannot be inferred from the simulation alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Contributing Factors of Mandibular Labial Gingival Recession in Patients With Lingual Orthodontic Retainers: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Chrysoula Tsiavaki, Effimia Koumpia, Maria Myrsini Pouliou, Leonidas Batas, Ioannis Fragkioudakis, Moschos A Papadopoulos","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of mandibular labial gingival recession in patients with fixed lingual orthodontic retainers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study involved 83 post-orthodontic patients with fixed lingual retainers. Labial gingival recession was assessed on the lower incisors and classified using Cairo's Recession Type system. Clinical parameters were collected, including bleeding on probing, biofilm, brushing habits and oral hygiene behaviours. Logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with recession.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Labial gingival recession was observed in 27 of 83 patients (32.53%). The mean recession was 0.66 mm. Significant associations were found between gingival recession, age (p = 0.008) and nail/pen/pencil biting habits (p = 0.021). Brushing technique and frequency also showed a significant association.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Labial gingival recession was present in one-third of patients with fixed lingual retainers. Age and mechanical habits, such as nail-biting, were significant predictors. Preventive strategies should target behaviour modification and enhanced oral hygiene education.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentially Expressed Salivary miRNAs in Temporomandibular Disorders.","authors":"Karolina Elżbieta Kaczor-Urbanowicz, Mohammad Aziz, Holly Wilhalme, Sharon Aronovich, Elizabeth Rae Hatfield, Tara Aghaloo, Sherwin Arman, Aida Mohammadi, Mohammed Husain, Sotirios Tetradis, David Elashoff, Matteo Pellegrini, David T W Wong, Sunil Kapila","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) are heterogeneous conditions of unclear aetiology involving the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles and neural tissues. Limited understanding of their pathogenesis hampers accurate diagnosis and targeted treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to identify salivary microRNA (miRNA) signatures associated with TMDs to support future diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic applications.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Unstimulated cell-free saliva (5 mL) was collected from 9 adult female TMD subjects (using Diagnostic Criteria/TMD) and eight healthy female controls of similar ages. Total RNA was extracted, small RNA libraries were prepared, and sequencing was performed using Illumina NovaSeq 6000. Reads were aligned to the human genome (GRCh38) via STAR. Differential expression analysis was conducted using DESeq2, followed by functional enrichment via miEAA 2.1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 187 salivary miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed between TMD and control groups (adjusted p < 0.05; log2-fold change > +1 or < -1), with 125 upregulated and 62 downregulated in TMD subjects. Several differentially expressed miRNAs were linked to the negative regulation of cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion, neurogenesis and chemokine production. Some overlapped with miRNAs implicated in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, suggesting shared mechanisms. While no clear association was found between miRNA and TMD phenotypes, 5 miRNAs were strongly (R = 0.67-0.77) and significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with pain intensity and chronic pain grade.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Salivary miRNA profiling offers promise as a non-invasive diagnostic tool for TMDs, with the potential to uncover molecular endotypes and disease mechanisms not evident through clinical evaluation. Future studies with larger, more diverse cohorts are needed to validate these findings and assess their clinical utility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145225666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expansion Pattern of Miniscrew Assisted Rapid Maxillary Expansion (MARPE) After Midpalatal Suture Separation: Clustering-Based Classification.","authors":"Gwan-Hyeong Song, Sang-Min Lee, Dong-Hwa Chung, Jin-Woo Lee, Jae Hyun Park","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to establish a clustering-based classification model for skeletal expansion outcomes after miniscrew-assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARPE) and evaluate its clinical implications.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study samples comprised 61 patients with transverse discrepancy who underwent maxillary skeletal expansion using MSE I. Cone-beam computed tomography images before (T0) and after (T1) expansion were analysed with nine measurements assessing transverse changes in the maxilla, molars and appliance. Gaussian mixture model clustering, random forest models and decision trees identified expansion patterns and key classifiers, establishing a classification system. Two- and one-way analyses of variance compared intergroup characteristics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clustering-based classification model identified four distinct clusters of skeletal expansion patterns, establishing two key classifiers: expansion efficiency (good/poor) and parallelism (parallel/V-shaped). Poor responders had an older age and showed significantly lower efficiency, more V-shaped tendencies, greater activation loss and longer intervals until interincisal diastema than good responders (p < 0.001). V-shaped responders exhibited less efficiency, reduced posterior expansion and increased miniscrew slippering (p < 0.001). Twenty days until interincisal diastema can be used to monitor expansion efficiency. Age is a useful predictor of efficiency, except during the ambiguous period of 16.81-20.14 years (17.91-19.88 for males, 16.95-18.94 for females) and for outliers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study introduces a concrete classification system for MARPE outcomes, emphasising the role of expansion efficiency and parallelism in optimising clinical results. These four identified phenotypes provide a data-driven validation of the existing concepts of expansion patterns and their implications for treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145192324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Incisor Inclination on Alveolar Bone Remodelling in Mandible During Presurgical Orthodontic Decompensation in Class III Patients.","authors":"Siyuan Wang, Yun He, Can Zheng, Yushi Le, Mingjuan Li, Qilong Wan","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the correlation between alveolar bone loss and IMPA (Incisor Mandibular Plane Angle) in individuals with skeletal Class III malocclusion during pre-surgical orthodontic decompensation (POD).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study evaluated 90 Class III patients, grouped by initial IMPA into Low-IMPA group (IMPA ≤ 78.5°), Moderate-IMPA group (78.5 < IMPA ≤ 85.7) and High-IMPA group (IMPA > 85.7), and by IMPA change into Small-change group (change ≤ 3.7°), Moderate-change group (3.7 < change ≤ 8.17°) and Large-change group (change > 8.17°). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) measured alveolar bone area (ABA), vertical bone level (VBL), mid-root horizontal thickness (mHBT) and apical horizontal thickness (aHBT). Mandibular regional superimpositions were used to measure horizontal and vertical movements of the incisal edge and root.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before POD, mHBT, aHBT and ABA were highest in the High-IMPA group and lowest in the Low-IMPA group, while VBL was highest in the Low-IMPA group and lowest in the High-IMPA group. After POD, significant changes were observed only on the lingual side, with the same pattern. Labial aHBT and ABA changes followed Large-change group > Moderate-change group > Small-change group, whereas lingual aHBT and ABA changes followed the opposite pattern.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher initial IMPA correlated with better alveolar bone condition before POD and better lingual bone condition after POD. Greater IMPA change during POD was linked to increased labial bone thickness and area, but reduced lingual bone thickness and area. The horizontal backward movement of the root apex was the primary factor driving these changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nocturnal Autonomic Nervous System and Jaw Muscle Activities and Ramus Height in Children.","authors":"Myriam Hamieh, Laura R Iwasaki, Elizabeth Palmer, Dongseok Choi, Jeffrey C Nickel, Hongzeng Liu","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mandibular growth is influenced by function. This study tested for correlation amongst nocturnal autonomic nervous system (ANS) and jaw muscle activities and mandibular ramus height.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>According to Institutional Review Board oversight, children with skeletal Class II malocclusions were enrolled in this observational study. Subjects had cone-beam computed tomography images, participated in protocols to quantify jaw muscle activity per bite-force, and were trained to use portable recorders to collect jaw muscle and heart rate variability (HRV) data over four nights at home. Night-time ultradian cycling of ANS activity was characterised by fitting a polynomial to the HRV measures of sympathovagal tone (low/high frequency spectral powers, LF/HF). Twenty-minute windows around each inflection point of this polynomial were identified, within which HRV measures and jaw muscle activities (Duty Factor, DF) were quantified. DF versus HRV measures (DF/HRV) were plotted for each subject, and regression slopes calculated. Non-linear regression analysis was used to test for correlation between DF/HRV slopes, age (years), and ramus height (mm).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirteen (eight males, five females) of 15 children enrolled completed protocols. DF versus LF/HF had average R² values of 0.66 ± 0.22 for masseter muscles (left and right), and 0.57 ± 0.19 and 0.55 ± 0.17 for left and right temporalis muscles, respectively. Regression analysis demonstrated that approximately 42% of the variance in mandibular ramus height could be explained by the combined effects of age and masseter muscle DF versus LF/HF.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Mandibular ramus height may reflect the influence of sympathovagal tone on nocturnal jaw muscle activity in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Three Dimensional Evaluation of Skeletal and Dento-Alveolar Effects Between Tooth-Borne and Bone-Anchored Maxillary Expansion for Growing Patients-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Augustine Ka Chun Yung, Ho Hin Chan, Junqi Liu, Kuo Feng Hung, Zhongyuan Tang, Zhiyi Shan","doi":"10.1111/ocr.70029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.70029","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transverse maxillary deficiency, a common skeletal discrepancy among children and adolescents globally, can be treated using either bone-anchored (BA) and tooth-borne (TB) maxillary expanders. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the three-dimensional (3D) difference in the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of both expander types in growing patients. A systematic literature search was performed across four electronic databases to identify randomised clinical trials that evaluated the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of BA and TB maxillary expanders using 3D radiographic images with comparisons made immediately after expansion, within 6 months, and beyond 6 months. Following risk of bias assessment, dimensional changes in sutural expansion (SE), nasal width (NW), maxillary width (MW), as well as tooth inclination (TI) and buccal bone thickness (BBT) of posterior tooth regions were extracted and pooled for further meta-analyses. The analyses were performed based on evaluation periods to determine immediate, short-term, and long-term effects. Among 1432 records that have been retrieved, ten studies followed our predetermined eligibility criteria, thus included in this systematic review for qualitative synthesis. Nine of them were able to undergo quantitative synthesis. Regarding the immediate effect, BA expanders presented significantly higher SE, NW, and MW changes than TB expanders, while showing no significant difference in TI and BBT at the molar region. During the first 6 months after expansion (short-term), evidence has shown that the skeletal and dentoalveolar effects were more favourable to BA expanders in terms of greater nasal width changes and less TI for premolars and molars. However, there were particularly insufficient studies that investigated the long-term skeletal and dentoalveolar effect differences, though there might be greater nasal width changes after 6 months. Current evidence suggests that hybrid/BA expanders produce significantly greater skeletal effect than tooth-borne expanders in the immediate and short term. These effects include increased sutural opening and nasal width, alongside less premolar buccal tipping and greater buccal bone thickness at the premolar and molar region less than 6 months after expansion. Over time, the differences between groups appear to diminish time, indicating potential instability in the long-term outcomes. Due to the high heterogeneity among studies and low quality of evidence reported, these findings should be interpreted with caution. Further studies with more standardised ways would be needed, particularly for long-term changes. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO (CRD42023399235).</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}