Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research最新文献

{"title":"An Evaluation of Using Detailing Instruments on the Final Clear Aligner for the Alignment in the Aesthetic Zone-A Randomised Clinical Trial.","authors":"Damla Arslan, Murat Tozlu","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficiency of detailing instruments on the need for refinement in a group of young adults treated with clear aligners.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study sample included 74 intraoral scans from patients who were treated in an academic setting with in-house clear aligners and needed refinement. After the first set of aligners was used, an intraoral scan was taken (T1). These scans were used as a control sample (n = 37). At the same appointment, the final aligner was activated using detailing instruments for the expression of rotation, torque and inclination according to the needs of the case. Second scans were taken 10 days later (T2) and treated as a study sample (n = 37). The two scans were then imported to Nemocast software and digital setups were performed for ideal finishing. The primary outcome variable was the number of refinement aligners.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 222 teeth in total, 52.2% received activations for rotation (78.4%); inclination (6.9%) and torque (14.7%). Reduction in the number of aligners (T1-T2) was 1.62 ± 1.53 in the study sample; 1.93 ± 1.64 in subgroup A; 2.40 ± 1.71 in subgroup B (p = 0.000; p = 0.002; p = 0.007, respectively). Intergroup comparisons revealed that the difference between groups was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study is a pioneer to investigate the effects of detailing instruments in clear aligner practice. This intervention created a clinically small but statistically significant decrease in the number of refinement aligners when used on the final aligner only. Applications in earlier stages can have more prominent effects on the expression of movements, which might be the subject for future investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143753859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of ACTN3 Gene rs1815739 Polymorphism and Its Effects on Mandibular Morphogenesis.","authors":"Ashwin Mathew George, Jayaseelan Vijayashree Priyadharsini, Sumathi Felicita, Shantha Sundari, Aravind Kumar Subramanian","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Genetic polymorphism of the α-actinin-3 (ACTN3) gene has an influence on the facial skeletal profile, with the activity of the α-actinins protein influencing the contractile properties of the masseteric muscles. This study examines the association between the ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism through a Stop Codon (changing 577RR to 577XX) resulting in variations in mandibular morphogenesis.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Two hundred and fifty subjects were categorised into three groups. The control group (Group 1) comprised 100 patients with skeletal Class I malocclusion. The experimental group (Group 2) had 150 subjects with skeletal Class II malocclusions and a retrognathic mandible, divided into two groups of 75 subjects each based on the ramal heights (short ramal height-Group 2a) and (long ramal height-Group 2b). Saliva samples of the subjects were analysed to identify the genotype of the rs1815739. Tissue samples were taken to quantify the mRNA expression in the different alleles studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene with risk homozygous TT genotype was linked only to subjects with short ramal height. The highly variable polymorphic site exhibited a substitution of the ancestral allele cytosine (C) with thymine (T) inhibiting protein synthesis. The mRNA expression was also found to be reduced (p < 0.05) in the short ramal height group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ACTN3 577XX polymorphism is more common among individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion and short ramal height in the Dravidian population. It results in decreased protein expression in the masseteric muscle, which contributes to variations in sagittal and vertical facial dimensions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143743445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MARPE Improves Long-Term Stability of Maxillary Expansion in Adolescents.","authors":"Ezgi Cansu Firinciogullari, Aslihan Ertan Erdinc, Tugce Celenk-Koca, David Cruz Walma, Sercan Akyalcin","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective (s): </strong>To evaluate and compare the long-term skeletal and dentoalveolar outcomes of conventional rapid palatal expansion (RPE) and mini-screw-assisted RPE (MARPE) in adolescent patients.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fourteen patients were recruited from a cohort of patients previously treated with RPE or MARPE appliances with a history of > 10 years post-treatment. Of the initial larger sample population, these 14 patients agreed to return for a follow-up appointment. For the study purposes, the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images acquired at pre-treatment (T0), after maxillary expansion and 6 months of retention (T1), and 10-year post-treatment follow-up period (T2) were utilized. The study variables obtained from the CBCT images comprised skeletal width, palatal suture assessment, buccal and palatal bone thickness, dental tipping, and alveolar bone bending measurements. Statistical comparisons were performed using Mann-Whitney U tests. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05 for all tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MARPE resulted in more stable skeletal expansion and fewer dental side effects compared to RPE treatment. Patients treated with RPE exhibited an 80% relapse in buccal maxillary width at the premolar after 10 years, compared to a 30% relapse among those treated with MARPE. Several additional parameters showed enhanced relapse in the RPE group compared to the MARPE group, suggesting MARPE treatment results in improved long-term dentoskeletal stability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treatment with MARPE resulted in more stable long-term skeletal expansion and fewer dental side effects compared to conventional RPE 10 years after the completion of orthodontic treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143701022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How AI-Driven Root and Bone Predictions Can Assist Clear Aligner Treatment Planning.","authors":"Eser Tüfekçi, Caroline K Carrico, Christina B Gordon, Steven J Lindauer","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) and advanced three-dimensional (3D) imaging has revolutionised dentistry by enhancing diagnostics and treatment planning. Advanced algorithms and machine-learning techniques may enable orthodontists to analyse complex cases and predict treatment outcomes accurately. This technology facilitates the creation of customised treatment plans that consider individual tooth morphology and periodontal health, optimising force application and minimising treatment time. Since their introduction, clear aligners have gained popularity, with over 17 million people treated by 2023. Compared with fixed appliances, clear aligners offer advantages, such as better aesthetics, comfort and oral hygiene. Treating patients with a compromised periodontium requires accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. This paper reviews how AI-driven treatment planning software predicting root movement and visualising bone structures may impact treatment decisions and, ultimately, treatment outcomes. The technology behind machine learning and AI in designing clear aligners is discussed. Research shows that when viewing the cases in 3D, clinicians are more comfortable when treating crowding cases with a non-extraction approach using interproximal reduction (IPR) only. However, it was interesting to note that clinicians with extensive experience treating clear aligner patients were more comfortable using IPR to address severe crowding cases when viewed in 2D, compared with those less experienced with clear aligners. However, when the cases were visualised in 3D, both groups showed equal comfort in using IPR, as the roots were within the bone. AI-driven treatment planning software, utilising machine learning in conjunction with 3D modelling, may enhance the predictability of orthodontic movements while reducing treatment time and increasing patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Severity of Paediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome on Postoperative Polysomnography: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Rui Mi, Weijian Xu, Yafen Zhu, Zhijian Xie","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To explore the disparities in postoperative polysomnography (PSG) parameters among children with varying severities of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) following tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Three databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and Web of Science Core Collection) were systematically queried for English-language articles on 10 June 2024. Studies involving patients under the age of 18 who underwent surgery for OSAHS with preoperative and postoperative assessments were eligible for inclusion in this review. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. In all severity groups, postoperative PSG demonstrated a significant reduction in the obstructive apnea hypopnea index (OAHI), ranging from 84.2% to 94.3%. Additionally, the postoperative apnea hypopnea index (AHI) decreased by 35.4% in the group with an AHI ≥ 1/h and < 5/h, by 56.0%-72.7% in the group with an AHI of ≥ 5/h and < 10/h, and by 64.1%-87.0% in the group with an AHI ≥ 10/h. Children with more severe OSAHS are likely to derive greater surgical benefits within a 2-year timeframe. However, the long-term validity of this conclusion requires further substantiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Material and Processing Lag Time on Radiant Energy Penetration and Modulus of 3D-Printed Indirect Bonding Jig Materials.","authors":"Megan Meyer, Kamal Awad, Baylie Subjeck, Joe C Ontiveros, Venu G Varanasi, F Kurtis Kasper","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the effect of the time between 3D printing and post-print processing (lag time) on the modulus and radiant energy penetration of 3D-printed indirect bonding jig materials.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Three 3D-printed resins (Formlabs IBT Resin, SprintRay IDB 2, Pro3dure GR-18.1 IB) were tested for three lag times (0, 16 and 64 h; n = 10 per group). Radiant energy penetration was measured using a power meter, and Vickers hardness was assessed for composites cured through the samples. Mechanical properties were evaluated using uniaxial testing and three-point bending.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the resin type and lag time significantly affected radiant energy penetration and composite hardness. The effect of lag time varied by resin. Young's modulus from uniaxial testing showed significant changes only for the Pro3dure resin, while three-point bending indicated significant flexibility changes only for the SprintRay IDB 2 resin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The resin type and the lag time before post-print processing influence important functional properties of 3D-printed indirect bonding jig materials, including radiant energy penetration and flexibility. These findings suggest that optimising lag time may enhance the performance of 3D-printed indirect bonding jig materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proton-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Metabolomics of Gingival Crevicular Fluid During Orthodontic Tooth Movement With Aligners.","authors":"Maria Chiara Domini, Tommaso Castroflorio, Andrea Deregibus, Serena Ravera, Giuseppe Migliaretti, Massimo Costalonga","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To determine the correlation between orthodontic tooth movement and a pre-defined set of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) metabolites through proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A clinical randomised prospective split-mouth study comparing the GCF metabolites around stationary and moving second maxillary molars. Twenty-four healthy subjects diagnosed with dental class II malocclusion undergoing orthodontic clear aligner treatment (CAT) were enrolled. GCF samples from the mesial and distal sulcus of second molars under stationary conditions or under 1 N of distalising force were harvested at baseline, 1 h, 7 days and 21 days after the application of CAT. 1H-NMR was utilised for GCF sample analysis. The 2-dimensional total correlation spectroscopy spectral signature of 35 known GCF metabolites was compared in moving and stationary teeth. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), variable importance in projection (VIP) score and area under the curve (AUC) were computed utilising MetaboAnalyst 5.0 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>VIP-score values showed statistically significant differences between the metabolites involved in moving and stationary molars (p < 0.05). PCA and PLS-DA results showed potential differences between the metabolite clusters. The variation of the 1H-NMR signals of Glutamine, Uracil, N-Acetylneuraminate and alpha-ketoglutarate contributes primarily to the variance across metabolites in moving versus stationary teeth at 1 h, 7 days and 21 days.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High values of Glutamine and low values of Uracil, N-Acetylneurinamate and alpha-ketoglutarate could be utilised to predict the progress of orthodontic tooth movement over time. Knowledge of metabolites predictive of tooth movement could contribute to the design of tailored orthodontic treatment planning, reducing time, costs and side-effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Orthodontic Interventions Associated With Headaches in Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Luiz Felipe Tavares, Reid Friesen, Pia Köning, Mareike Neuhaus, Harry von Piekartz, Susan Armijo-Olivo","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to assess the prevalence of headaches in children and adolescents during and after completing orthodontic treatment. This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines. An extensive literature search was conducted in the following databases: MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane from inception until December 20, 2024. Studies targeting individuals between 7 and 18 years old, diagnosed with malocclusions, and receiving orthodontic treatment were included. A meta-analysis (odds ratio) was performed considering the number of individuals with and without headache, who did and did not undergo orthodontic treatment. The quality of studies was assessed using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Finally, the overall certainty of the evidence was assessed by the GRADE approach. Seven studies met the inclusion criteria with a pooled sample size of 1.141 individuals. No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of headache was found between children who received orthodontic intervention compared to no treatment (OR 1.22 [CI 0.78; 1.92]; p = 0.38). Children with malocclusion who were treated orthodontically had significantly fewer headaches after treatment compared to untreated children with class II malocclusion (OR 0.42 [CI 0.19; 0.92]; p = 0.03). All studies had a high risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was very low. In summary, no increased prevalence of headaches was detected during or after orthodontic interventions in children and adolescents with malocclusions when compared to those who did not receive orthodontic treatment. Instead, children with malocclusion treated orthodontically had significantly fewer headaches after treatment compared to untreated children with malocclusion. Further research is needed, as the conduct and quality of the existing studies need substantial improvement. Trial Registration: CRD42022340817 (PROSPERO).</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143664286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defective Incisor Development in Smad Interacting Protein 1 (Sip1) Null Mice.","authors":"Marie De Laet, Julie Bertrand, Elisa Vingerhoedt, Zuodong Zhao, Anna Verdonck, Carine Carels, Przemko Tylzanowski, Maria Cadenas de Llano-Pérula","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The aim of this study is to histologically and morphologically describe the dental and craniofacial manifestations of a novel mouse model involving a conditional mutation in the Smad Interacting Protein 1 (Sip1) gene.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Since targeted inactivation of Sip1 results in early embryonic lethality, tissue-specific inactivation of Sip1 was carried out by using Prx1-Cre mice. Embryos at 14.5 days post coitum (dpc), 15.5 dpc, 16.5 dpc and 18.5 dpc were analysed, as well as newborn and five-month-old Sip1 null mice, by means of immunohistochemistry (primary antibody: β-catenin and Ki67) and microscopic morphological examination, and the results were compared with those of wild-type mice. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the dentofacial measurements between the knockout and wild-type mice.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences in incisor position and shape were detected at 15.5 dpc. Mutant newborns presented with broadened calvarial sutures, hypoplastic mandibles, serrated alveolar processes, shorter lower incisors, and 10% of them had an extra cusp. Five-month-old mutants presented total suture disappearance, a hypoplastic maxilla and long, curved lower incisors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These observations suggest that Sip1 is involved in dental and craniofacial development, leading to several dental and skull malformations.</p><p><strong>Clinical relevance: </strong>This study of conditional Sip1 mutations in this mouse model provides crucial insights into potential mechanisms underlying human craniofacial and dental anomalies, aiding diagnosis and therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Alveolar Bone Dehiscences and Fenestrations Remodel After Adult Non-Extraction Clear Aligner Therapy? A Retrospective Study up to 2 Years in Retention.","authors":"Sanjana Santhosh Kumar, Erika Correa, Paul Emile Rossouw, Abdul Basir Barmak, Tarek El-Bialy, Elli Anna Kotsailidi, Dimitrios Michelogiannakis","doi":"10.1111/ocr.12917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ocr.12917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the radiographic presence and magnitude of alveolar bone dehiscences (ABDs) and fenestrations (ABFs) in maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth of adults with dental Class II malocclusion, before (T1), immediately after (T2), and up to 2 years after (T3) non-extraction clear aligner therapy (CAT).</p><p><strong>Setting and sample population: </strong>Records from 14 adults with dental Class II malocclusion treated with non-extraction CAT and Class II elastics were retrospectively obtained.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 332 labial and lingual anterior root surfaces were assessed using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) at T1, T2 and T3. Dehiscences were recorded when the linear measurement for dehiscence (LM-D) was more than 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction. The defect was classified as ABF when it did not involve the alveolar crest and the linear measurement for fenestration (LM-F) measured more than 2.2 mm. Changes in incisor inclination and intercanine width were calculated. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between CAT and the presence of ABDs/ABFs. Linear regression analyses were used to identify factors affecting the magnitude of LM-Ds/LM-Fs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Non-extraction CAT was associated with an increased presence of ABDs at T2 compared to T1 [Odds Ratio (OR): 2.69; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.92-3.76]. The association remained significant at T3 (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.76-3.45). Non-extraction CAT was not significantly associated with the presence of ABFs at T2 and T3.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Alveolar bone remodelling during retention did not result in the reduction or resolution of post-treatment radiographic alveolar bone defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19652,"journal":{"name":"Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}