Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献_第9页

Decomposition of Economic Inequality in Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Using Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study. 利用 Oaxaca-Blinder 分解法分解老年性黄斑变性的经济不平等：德黑兰老年眼科研究

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2415047

Hassan Hashemi, Reza Pakzad, Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim, Alireza Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob

{"title":"Decomposition of Economic Inequality in Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Using Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.","authors":"Hassan Hashemi, Reza Pakzad, Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim, Alireza Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2415047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2415047","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate economic inequality in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and decompose it into its determinants using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (OBD).Methods: The Tehran Geriatric Eye Study was a cross-sectional study conducted on individuals aged 60 years and older, utilizing stratified random cluster sampling. Each participant received a comprehensive optometric, and slit-lamp examination. Diagnosis and classification of AMD were conducted utilizing fundus camera images.Results: The data of the 3268 participants were analyzed. According to OBD, a significant difference was found in AMD between the rich and poor groups (8.36%) disfavoring the poor (p < 0.001). The explained and unexplained portions comprised 93.37% and 6.63% of the difference (p < 0.001 and p = 0.405, respectively). Among study variables, age (coefficient = 4.70; p < 0.001), economic status (coefficient = 3.58; p = 0.004), and myopia (coefficient = 0.73; p = 0.001) were significant determinants of inequality in the explained portion.Conclusion: A significant disparity in the prevalence of AMD was observed between individuals of different socioeconomic statuses, primarily attributed to the explained factors. Factors such as age, economic status, and myopia were found to have the most substantial impact in exacerbating the inequality that disadvantaged the poor group (contributing percentages: 52.17%, 39.73%, and 8.10%, respectively). The findings of this research can be valuable for health policymakers in prioritizing and addressing the determinants of inequality within the population.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Number of Ophthalmology Providers. 邻里贫困与眼科医疗机构数量之间的关系。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2406503

Hassaam S Choudhry, Riya H Patel, Lana Salloum, Jack McCloskey, Jeffrey M Goshe

{"title":"Association Between Neighborhood Deprivation and Number of Ophthalmology Providers.","authors":"Hassaam S Choudhry, Riya H Patel, Lana Salloum, Jack McCloskey, Jeffrey M Goshe","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2406503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2406503","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The Area Deprivation Index (ADI) is a quantitative measurement of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage used to identify high-risk communities. The distribution of physicians with respect to ADI can indicate decreased healthcare access in deprived neighborhoods. This study applies ADI to the distribution of ophthalmologists and demonstrates how practice patterns in the national Medicare Part D program may vary with ADI.Methods: The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Data \"Medicare Part D Prescribers by Provider\" data for 2021 was analyzed. Geocodio identified ADIs corresponding to the practice addresses listed in the dataset. The national rank ADIs were compared against the number of ophthalmologists. Spearman's correlation test and one-way ANOVA determined statistically significant differences in Medicare data extracted between quintiles of ADI ranks.Results: We identified 14,668 ophthalmologists who provided care to Medicare beneficiaries. Each time ADI increased by 10, there was an average 9.4% decrease in ophthalmologists (p < 0.001). The distribution of ophthalmologists practicing throughout the United States by increasing ADI quintile are: 32%, 23%, 19%, 16%, and 9%. Providers practicing in neighborhoods in the first-ADI quintile were more likely to see Medicare beneficiaries compared to providers in the fifth-ADI quintile (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The lack of ophthalmologists in high-ADI areas results in reduced eye care access in deprived neighborhoods. Many factors contribute to these disparities including limited access to metropolitan areas/academic institutions and fewer residency programs. Future programs and policies should focus efforts on creating an even distribution of ophthalmologists across the United States and improving access to eye care.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prescription of a Novel Agent in Medical Management of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. 原发性开角型青光眼医疗管理中新型药物处方的种族和民族差异。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2401046

Andy Kuo, Sophie Yue, David C Kaelber, Ang Li

{"title":"Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Prescription of a Novel Agent in Medical Management of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.","authors":"Andy Kuo, Sophie Yue, David C Kaelber, Ang Li","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2401046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2401046","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate racial and ethnic inequalities in prescription of Netarsudil, one of two anti-glaucoma medications with a novel mechanism to be introduced in the past two decades, among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma.Methods: This retrospective cohort matched study, based on electronic health records consisting of 92 million patients in the U.S, utilized Propensity Score Match, Relative Risk, Kaplan-Meier survival, and Chi-Square analysis to identify differences in rates of Netarsudil prescribing between racial and ethnic groups (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Other Race, and Hispanic).Results: Among the sample of patients that met Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma inclusion criteria (55,942), more White patients were prescribed Netarsudil than Black; (RR:1.24, 95% CI: 1.15-1.34) and Hispanic; (RR:1.63, 95% CI: 1.29-2.07) patients. White patients had higher prescription rates than Black patients in the Midwest (6.5% vs 4.2%; p < 0.0001) and West (11.2% vs 7.1%; p = 0.0002), higher rates than Hispanic patients in the South (4.9% vs. 2.0%; p < 0.0001) and West (11.2% vs. 7.8%; p < 0.008), but lower rates than Black patients in the Northeast (7.2% vs. 13.2%; p < 0.0001).Conclusions: Differences in Netarsudil prescription rates within the United States exist between White and Black patients, and White and Hispanic patients. These differences exist when stratified by regions within the U.S. by varying degrees. Future studies are needed to investigate factors contributing to disparities in accessing new medications and to identify ways to eliminate such barriers to improve equity in care of glaucoma patients, especially among those historically disadvantaged.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Air Pollution and the Prevalence of Keratoconus: Is There a Connection? 空气污染与角膜病的发病率：两者之间有联系吗？

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2399765

Tristan Jurkiewicz, Anne-Sophie Marty

{"title":"Air Pollution and the Prevalence of Keratoconus: Is There a Connection?","authors":"Tristan Jurkiewicz, Anne-Sophie Marty","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2399765","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2399765","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Keratoconus is a progressive, asymmetrical corneal ectasia with multifactorial origin. Three identified risk factors for keratoconus include exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays, eye rubbing, and atopy. Other factors like pollution would play a role in the physiopathology of keratoconus. In this study we investigate the effects of particles matter (PM) of 2.5 and 10 μm, but also nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the correlation with the prevalence in the scientific literature.Method: A literature review was performed using four databases (PubMed, Research gate, Google scholar and International Journal of Keratoconus and Ectatic Corneal Diseases) according to strict selection criteria. Levels of fine particles and nitrogen dioxide were extracted from available World Health Organization (WHO) databases and correlated with prevalences from epidemiological studies.Results: The mean pollution rate in the selected studies was 26.88 ± 25.26 μg/m3 for PM2.5 , 58.23 ± 60.98 μg/m3 for PM10 and 24.79 ± 12.58 μg/m3 for NO2. Pearson correlation tests revealed a significant positive correlation between prevalence of keratoconus with particles rate of PM2.5 (R = 0.58; p < 0.001), PM10 (R = 0.67; p < 0.001) and NO2 (R = 0.64; p = 0.00016).Conclusion: Fine particles appear to be a risk factor for keratoconus. These pollutants may act indirectly by exacerbating known risk factors such as atopy and eye rubbing. Atmospheric pollution may also have a direct effect on the cornea, by disturbing the structure of the epithelium and increasing cell apoptosis.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epidemiological Characteristics Associated with Astigmatism in a Population of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Los Angeles, CA. 加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市 3 至 5 岁儿童散光的流行病学特征。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2410302

J Ben Margines, Connie Huang, Andrew Young, Fei Yu, Anne L Coleman

{"title":"Epidemiological Characteristics Associated with Astigmatism in a Population of 3- to 5-Year-Old Children in Los Angeles, CA.","authors":"J Ben Margines, Connie Huang, Andrew Young, Fei Yu, Anne L Coleman","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2410302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2410302","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To characterize the prevalence of astigmatism among the heretofore largest published sample of preschool children and to do so among different age, gender, and racial and ethnic subgroups.Methods: This study included data from 79,330 preschoolers (49.0% female, 79.4% Latino, mean age 4.29 ± 0.66 years) who were screened using a Retinomax autorefractor between 2012 and 2017. Cylindrical power and astigmatism defined as 1.50 D or more of cylinder were the dependent variables. Children were stratified by age, race/ethnicity, and gender. T-test and chi-square analyses were performed.Results: The average cylinder of the sample was found to be 0.65 ± 0.78 D and 11% of the children were astigmatic. Among all children, these values remain stable from age 3 (0.66 ± 0.76 D, 11.2%) to age 4 (0.66 ± 0.79 D, 11.4%, p = .53), but they decrease significantly from age 4 to age 5 (0.61 ± 0.80 D, 10.%, p < .01). Latinos have the highest average cylinder power and prevalence of astigmatism at 0.68 ± 0.82 D and 12.3%, and unlike most other race/ethnic subgroups, they do not experience an age-dependent decrease in astigmatism. While female and male students have equivalent cylindrical refractions broadly, Asian and African American females have higher levels of astigmatism than their male counterparts.Conclusion: The data further demonstrate that Latino children in Los Angeles have significantly higher rates of astigmatism, which does not decrease during preschool years. These results emphasize the need for comprehensive school-based screening, especially among Latino enclaves in Los Angeles.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists are Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Progressing to Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy. 胰高血糖素样肽-1 受体激动剂与恶化为危及视力的糖尿病视网膜病变的风险增加无关。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2399764

Zujaja Tauqeer, Peter Bracha, Peiying Hua, Yinxi Yu, Qi N Cui, Brian L VanderBeek

{"title":"Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists are Not Associated with an Increased Risk of Progressing to Vision-Threatening Diabetic Retinopathy.","authors":"Zujaja Tauqeer, Peter Bracha, Peiying Hua, Yinxi Yu, Qi N Cui, Brian L VanderBeek","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2399764","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2399764","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) by augmenting insulin release and sensitivity. We assessed the overall risk for development of vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy (VTDR), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and diabetic macular edema (DME), among GLP-1RA users.Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with NPDR newly started on a GLP-1RA from a national insurance claims database was compared to a cohort of patients treated with other oral anti-diabetic agents and matched for age, sex, race, index year, and number of active diabetic medications. Exclusions occurred for < 2 years in the database before diagnosis; prior diagnoses of PDR, DME, vitreous hemorrhage, and/or other retinal vascular diseases; and prior intraocular treatment for VTDR.Results: A total of 6093 users of GLP-1RA were matched to 14,122 controls. In the GLP-1RA cohort, 632 (10.1%), 76 (1.2%), and 544 (8.9%) patients progressed to VTDR, PDR, or DME, respectively. This is compared to 1332 (9.5%) VTDR, 165 (1.2%) PDR, or 1148 (8.1%) DME in the control group. Accounting for underlying DM severity with IPTW, no difference in hazard was seen in the GLP-1RA cohort compared to controls for progression to VTDR (HR = 1.02, 95%CI: 0.92-1.14 p = 0.69), DME (HR = 1.06, 95%CI: 0.95-1.1.9, p = 0.31), or PDR (HR = 0.81, 95%CI: 0.58-1.12, p = 0.20).Conclusion: We found no difference in the risk for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy, nor for its component diseases, DME or PDR, with GLP-1RA use compared to other oral anti-hyperglycemic agents in patients with NPDR.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Access to a Patient Portal is Associated with a Higher Rate of Diabetic Eye Examination Completion. 访问患者门户网站与更高的糖尿病眼科检查完成率有关。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2406506

Selin Gumustop, Andrew Popelka, David J Ramsey

{"title":"Access to a Patient Portal is Associated with a Higher Rate of Diabetic Eye Examination Completion.","authors":"Selin Gumustop, Andrew Popelka, David J Ramsey","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2406506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2406506","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To evaluate factors associated with a higher completion rate of annual diabetic eye examinations.Methods: This retrospective, cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus (DM) who were aged 18-75 years and receiving primary care in a suburban integrated delivery network (IDN). Patient demographic, sociomedical, biometric characteristics, and Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures within the Comprehensive Diabetes Care bundle were extracted from the electronic health record (EHR) and analyzed by using multivariate logistic regression to assess factors associated with completion of an eye exam (retinal) performed during the study year.Results: Among 19,901 primary care patients with DM, 35.15% completed an eye examination in 2021. After adjusting for demographic and biometric characteristics, the two factors most closely associated with completing a diabetic eye examination were having had a primary care office visit (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.525; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.210-3.871, p < 0.001) or an eye examination in the prior year (aOR, 2.948; 95% CI, 2.752-3.158, p < 0.001). The next most important factor to emerge was having an activated, online patient portal (PP; aOR, 1.737; 95% CI, 1.592-1.896; p < 0.001) or PP recently activated within the prior year (aOR, 1.387; 95% CI, 1.220-1.576, p < 0.001).Conclusions: Surveillance for diabetic retinopathy relies on annual diabetic eye examinations yet adherence to that standard remains unacceptably low. Our study suggests that engagement of patients through an online PP could help increase this rate.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142400877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ophthalmologists' Perspective on Barriers to Cataract Surgery and Surgical Productivity in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia: A Descriptive, Mixed-Methods Survey. 埃塞俄比亚、加纳和赞比亚眼科医生对白内障手术障碍和手术效率的看法：描述性混合方法调查。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2301581

Scott Herrod, Sadik Taju Sherief, Akwasi Ahmed, Grace Chipalo Mutati, John Welling, Boateng Wiafe, Michael Gyasi, Benjamin Crookston, Joshua West, Cougar Hall

{"title":"Ophthalmologists' Perspective on Barriers to Cataract Surgery and Surgical Productivity in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia: A Descriptive, Mixed-Methods Survey.","authors":"Scott Herrod, Sadik Taju Sherief, Akwasi Ahmed, Grace Chipalo Mutati, John Welling, Boateng Wiafe, Michael Gyasi, Benjamin Crookston, Joshua West, Cougar Hall","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301581","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301581","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: While progress was made towards the Vision 2020: The Right to Sight goals, Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia fell short of the recommended cataract surgical rate (CSR) on a national level. Post-operative cataract surgical outcomes are also lower compared to other regions. This study aimed to describe perceived barriers to cataract surgical uptake, factors related to surgeon surgical productivity, and surgical offerings in each of these countries.Methods: An online survey was sent to ophthalmologists practicing in Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia. Responses were collected between June 25, 2021 and January 30, 2022.Results: Responses were received from 122 ophthalmologists from Ethiopia, Ghana, and Zambia. The estimated participation rate was 47% (122/257). Distance to cataract surgical centres, lack of surgical centres, and lack of surgical equipment were among the top 10 most agreed upon barriers by respondents within each country. Many respondents reported that current financial reimbursement does not incentivise maximum productivity in themselves (56%, 68/122) or their staff (61%, 74/122). Surgeons proposed several ways to improve productivity incentives. Private practice was perceived to have the best reimbursement incentives (77%, 94/122), whereas government hospitals were least agreed upon (4%, 5/122). Discrepancies in timely post-operative refraction and eyeglasses disbursement were reported.Conclusions: Overcoming the identified barriers, improving surgeon productivity, and addressing identified deficits in cataract care will likely reduce the backlog of cataract blindness while ensuring increasingly improved patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"409-419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139491908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among US Older Adults with Vision Impairment: The National Health and Aging Trends Study 2021. 美国视力受损老年人的 COVID-19 检测和疫苗接种情况：2021 年全国健康与老龄化趋势研究》。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-24 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2023.2301587

Louay Almidani, Bonnielin K Swenor, Joshua R Ehrlich, Varshini Varadaraj

{"title":"COVID-19 Testing and Vaccination Among US Older Adults with Vision Impairment: The National Health and Aging Trends Study 2021.","authors":"Louay Almidani, Bonnielin K Swenor, Joshua R Ehrlich, Varshini Varadaraj","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301587","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2301587","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To examine the associations between vision impairment (VI) and COVID-19 testing and vaccination services in older US adults.Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed data from adults ≥ 65 years who participated in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (year 2021), a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries. Exposure: Distance VI (<20/40), near VI (<20/40), contrast sensitivity impairment (CSI) (<1.55 logCS), and any VI (distance, near, or CSI). Outcomes: Self-reported COVID-19 testing and vaccination.Results: Of 2,822 older adults, the majority were female (weighted; 55%) and White (82%), and 32% had any VI. In fully-adjusted regression analyses, older adults with any VI had similar COVID-19 vaccination rates to adults without any VI (OR:0.77, 95% CI:0.54-1.09), but had lower odds of COVID-19 testing (OR:0.82, 95% CI:0.68-0.97). Older adults with distance (OR:0.47, 95% CI:0.22-0.99) and near (OR:0.68, 95% CI:0.47-0.99) VI were less likely to be vaccinated for COVID-19, while those with CSI were less likely to test for COVID-19 (OR:0.76, 95% CI:0.61-0.95), as compared to peers without respective impairments. The remaining associations were not significant (p > .05).Conclusions and relevance: These findings highlight inequities in the COVID-19 pandemic response for people with vision disability and emphasize the need for equitable prioritization of accessibility of healthcare services for all Americans.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"454-459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139542537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Self-Reported Visual Disability and Unemployment: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey. 自述视力残疾与失业：全国健康访谈调查的结果。

IF 1.7 4区医学

Ophthalmic epidemiology Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2310841

Kunal Kanwar, Curtis E Margo, Dustin D French

{"title":"Self-Reported Visual Disability and Unemployment: Findings from the National Health Interview Survey.","authors":"Kunal Kanwar, Curtis E Margo, Dustin D French","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2310841","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2310841","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To investigate the association between visual impairment and employment status due to disability, utilizing data from the 2022 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS).Methods: Adults 18 years of age and older were extracted from the 2022 NHIS dataset. A multivariable logistic regression model was created to evaluate the odds of unemployment (\"laid off\" and \"looking for work\"). Persons over the age of 65, as well as persons retired, going to school, self-employed, seasonal, or contract workers were excluded. Independent variables for the model included gender, race, Hispanic ethnicity, urban residency, level of education, citizenship, and self-reported vision. The latter variable was categorized as seeing with \"some\" difficulty, with \"severe\" difficulty, \"can't see at all,\" and \"a lot of difficulty.\" Outcomes were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: Associations with unemployment included education less than high school (OR 6.05, 95% CI: 3.98-9.18) and high school (OR 3.80, 95% CI 2.78-5.21); severe vision difficulty (OR 3.68 95% CI 1.73-7.86); Asian race (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.64-3.89); and Black race (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.31-2.41). The odds of unemployment were marginally elevated for those living in large metropolitan areas, while being born in the United States had a modest protective effect (OR 0.53, 95% CI 0.42-0.66).Conclusion: The degree of visual impairment in this post-COVID-19 pandemic survey substantially affects employment, which is consistent with historical studies. Education among those with impaired vision is an important and modifiable variable that can positively influence the chances of employment.","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"488-490"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11298568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139692575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0