Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Contributing Factors for Economic Inequality in Refractive Errors: An Analysis Employing Concentration Index and Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition Methods in the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.","authors":"Hassan Hashemi, Reza Pakzad, Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim, Alireza Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2634240","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2634240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined economic inequalityin various refractive errors and decomposed its contributing factors using the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were obtained from the Tehran Geriatric Eye Study, a population-based cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 involving 3200 individuals aged 60 years and older, selected through stratified random cluster sampling. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmic and optometric examinations. Economic inequality was assessed using the Concentration Index and further analyzed via Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 3263 participants analyzed, the mean age was 69.36 (±7.63) years, and 41.92% (<i>n</i> = 1,368) were male. The concentration index revealed that astigmatism (C =  -0.059, <i>p</i> < 0.001) andmyopia (C =  -0.094, <i>p</i> < 0.001) were more concentrated among poorer individuals, whereas hyperopia (C = 0.056, <i>p</i> < 0.001) was more prevalent among wealthier individuals. Decomposition analysis showed significant economic disparities inrefractive errors: astigmatism (12.57%) and myopia (15.27%) were more common inlower-income groups, while hyperopia (12.21%) was more frequent in higher-income groups. The explained portion accounted for 98.17%, 85.33%, and 91.24% of the disparities in astigmatism, myopia, and hyperopia, respectively. Key contributors to inequality included age (19.96%) and sex (18.46%) forastigmatism, economic status (24.53%) and axial length (20.45%) for myopia, andcataract surgery (27.95%) along with economic status (21.77%) for hyperopia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings demonstrate significant economic disparities in refractive errors, predominantly driven by identifiable factors. Age, education, cataract surgery history, and axial length were the most influential variables contributing to inequality.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"403-411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147284679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology of Surgically Managed Eyelid Injuries and Associated Factors with Complications: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Paula Andrea Sánchez-Moscoso, Francisco J Bonilla-Escobar, Andrés C Camacho-Villegas, Omar Salamanca, Andrea Melo-Murillo, Alexander M Martínez-Blanco","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2661665","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2661665","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Eyelid trauma often necessitates surgical intervention, yet remains understudied, with postoperative complications poorly described. This study aims to identify factors associated with complications following surgical treatment of traumatic eyelid injuries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective non-concurrent cohort study was conducted to analyze complications in patients undergoing surgical repair of eyelid injuries at two ophthalmology centers in Cali, Colombia, from January 2017 to December 2021. Factors associated with postoperative complications were identified using multivariable logistic regression clustered by care site.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 365 patients underwent surgical intervention for eyelid traumas; with a mean age of 31±18 years. Most cases were covered by public insurance (58.1%) or employer-sponsored insurance (12.1%). Unintentional injuries comprised 60.6%; while intentional injuries accounted for 37%, primarily due to interpersonal violence (36.7%). The postoperative complication rate was 11%, including impaired healing (3.29%), tearing (3.29%), surgical site infection (2.74%), stent extrusion (1.10%), lagophthalmos (0.55%), and eyelid malposition (0.82%). Multivariable analysis showed that female sex (Odds ratio [OR]=3.00, 95% Confidence Interval [95%CI]=2.93-3.06), presence of fractures (OR=2.01, 95%CI=1.5-2.7), anterior segment damage (OR=2.29, 95%CI=1.83-2.86), and greater tissue loss (25-49%: OR=2.55, 95%CI=2.17-2.99; ≥50%: OR=1.41, 95%CI=1.09-1.81) were associated withhigher odds of postoperative complications.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postoperative complication were associated with palpebral tissue loss, involvement of both upper and lower eyelid, orbital fractures, and anterior segment injuries. Future studies should use prospective designs with standardize follow-up after reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"445-453"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Presentation for Cataract Surgery: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Angelica Hanna, Minoo Tohidi, Iqbal Ike K Ahmed, Isser Dubinsky, Joshua Teichman, Amandeep Rai, Matthew B Schlenker","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2641112","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2641112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To identify risk factors for delayed presentation for cataract surgery by comparing the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of patients presenting early versus late. Postoperative outcomes are also compared between these groups.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients referred for cataract surgery at a high-volume community-based ophthalmology practice were enrolled in this retrospective case-control study. Patients with best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/200 or worse were classified as \"late presenters.\" A control group of patients with BCVA better than 20/200 was also assessed. Patient age, sex, socioeconomic status, comorbidities, BCVA at week 1 post-surgery, and intraoperative complications were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two hundred and fifty late presenters and 250 early presenters were included. Multivariable regression showed that the late presenter group was slightly younger (mean age 68.7 vs. 71.0 years, <i>p</i> = 0.007) and had more systemic comorbidities (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.71). Postoperative BCVA was worse in late presenters (median 20/40 vs. 20/25, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and late presenters also had significantly higher rates of perioperative complications (OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.20-6.39).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Late presenters for cataract surgery have more comorbidities, worse postoperative vision, and higher complication rates. System-wide efforts are needed to reduce delays in cataract treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"391-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147366124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographic Analysis of Access to Glaucoma Care by Provider Type and Population Demographics.","authors":"David Mothy, Riya H Patel, Hassaam S Choudhry, Neha Sarabu, Rishima Kasi, Albert S Khouri","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2621416","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2621416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To characterize the geographic distribution of glaucoma eye care providers in the United States and identify disparities in access to glaucoma care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using four public databases, the names and addresses of ophthalmic and optometric glaucoma eye care providers were identified. Each provider was geocoded into a United States county using ArcGIS Pro (Esri). Population demographics were recorded for each county using data from the 2018-2022 American Community Survey. Analysis of variance was used to compare socioeconomic indices between counties with and without glaucoma eye care providers in SPSS Statistics (IBM Corp.).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2183 ophthalmologists and 622 optometrists were identified. The states with the most glaucoma-specializing ophthalmologists per one million people were Connecticut (11.37), Maryland (10.85), and Massachusetts (10.24). About 2471 (78.61%) counties had no glaucoma eye care providers, 278 (8.84%) only had ophthalmologists, 176 (5.60%) only had optometrists, and 218 (6.94%) had both provider types. When comparing counties with both ophthalmologists and optometrists to counties with no glaucoma eye care providers, counties with both provider types had higher median income ($82,712.12 vs. $60,368.73, <i>p</i> < 0.001), higher educational attainment (38.54% vs. 21.02%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), higher health insurance coverage (90.89% vs. 89.17%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and lower poverty (11.28% vs. 14.25%, <i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The unbalanced distribution of glaucoma eye care providers in the United States suggests that some regions may suffer from relatively poor access to care. This disparity is compounded by increased socioeconomic depravity in counties lacking glaucoma eye care providers.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":"33 4","pages":"365-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148295801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-Based Assessment of Visual Outcomes After Cataract Surgery in Four Districts in Telangana, India.","authors":"Srinivas Marmamula, Vinitha Mingi, Mohana Ragavi Revathi Karthikeyan, Rohit C Khanna","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2624449","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2624449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To report the visual outcomes, causes and risk factors for poor visual outcomes after cataract surgery among four districts in Telangana, India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals aged ≥40 years were recruited from Adilabad, Mahbubnagar, Khammam, and Warangal districts. A detailed history of cataract surgery was recorded, followed by eye examinations. Based on the presenting visual acuity, visual outcomes were defined as borderline (<6/18 to 6/60) and poor (<6/60). Multivariable analysis was conducted to identify risk factors for borderline and poor outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 11,238 participants were examined with a mean age of 54.1 ± 11.2 years. Of these, 54.6% were women, and 72.5% had no formal education. Of the 1850 eyes of 1332 participants operated, 321 (17.4%) and 207 (11.2%) had borderline and poor outcomes, respectively. Of 518 participants who had bilateral cataract surgery, 75 (14.5%) and 19 (11.2%) had borderline and poor outcomes, respectively. Age of 70 years and older (<i>p</i> = 0.01), lack of formal education (<i>p</i> < 0.01), surgery in government hospitals (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and eye camps (<i>p</i> = 0.02, and residence in the Khammam (<i>p</i> = 0.01) and Warangal districts (<i>p</i> < 0.01) were associated with borderline outcomes. No formal education (<i>p</i> = 0.02), free surgeries (<i>p</i> = 0.03), and residence in Mahbubnagar (<i>p</i> < 0.01), Khammam (<i>p</i> = 0.01), and Warangal districts (<i>p</i> = 0.01) were associated with poor outcomes. Posterior segment disease, uncorrected refractive errors, and surgical complications were common causes of borderline and poor outcomes after cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visual outcomes can be further enhanced through appropriate case selection, after ruling out posterior segment pathology, regular eye examinations, and the provision of spectacles after surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"383-390"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Peripheral Refraction and Relative Peripheral Refraction with Astigmatism in Shanghai Schoolchildren's Myopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Huiyu Chen, Meng Chen, Junjie Zhang, Jun Chen, Yan Xu","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2459755","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2459755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Currently, no relevant studies have reported a relationship between astigmatism and peripheral refraction (PR). We aimed to describe the association between PR and relative peripheral refraction (RPR) with astigmatism in Chinese children with mild to moderate myopia, and to provide new insights into the influence of astigmatism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-hundred-and-seven children (6-14 years old) from Shanghai were included in this study. The PR and RPR were measured using multispectral refraction topography (MRT). Cycloplegic refraction was measured using an autorefractor (KR-8900, Topcon), whereas axial length and ocular biological parameters were measured using Zeiss IOLMaster 700. Only data from the right eye were analyzed. Multivariate linear regression was used to explore the relationship between cylinder power and MRT parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the median spherical equivalent was -1.50 D (interquartile range, IQR: -2.25, -0.88), showing an apparent trend of hyperopic defocus from the macula to the peripheral retina. Astigmatism was correlated with PR rather than RPR especially at eccentrically inferior and within a 45° radius of the retina (coefficients 0.12-0.18, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Multivariate linear regression analysis demonstrated that the effect of astigmatism on PR tended to increase with greater lens thickness.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Astigmatism may be a risk factor for myopia due to its impact on peripheral refraction as opposed to relative peripheral refraction. In this cross-sectional study, we also found evidence supporting the association between peripheral hyperopia and myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"258-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Six-Month Interim Analyses of the Efficacy of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy Combined with Orthokeratology for Myopia Control in Spanish Children.","authors":"María José Fernández Fidalgo, Victoria D Ferigo Ferrel, Ziyi Qi, Yuri Yin-Moe Aung, Yanxian Chen, Zhuoting Zhu, Fernando J Fernández-Velázquez","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2580682","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2580682","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in combination with orthokeratology (OK) for controlling myopia in Spanish children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A single-site, randomized, parallel-group, single-blinded clinical trial. Twenty-six children aged 8-15 years with myopia between -0.75 to -6.75 D were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to either the RLRL combined with OK (RCO) group (<i>n</i> = 11) or the OK-only group (<i>n</i> = 15). The OK group wore OK lenses for at least 8 hours per night, while the RCO group received additional daily RLRL therapy, administered twice daily for 3 minutes per session five days per week. Follow-up visits were conducted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, with compliance and safety monitoring. The primary outcome measure was axial length (AL) change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All 26 children completed the 6-month follow-up visit. After 6 months, the adjusted mean AL change was -0.057 mm (95% CI, -0.078 to -0.037 mm) in RCO group, and 0.041 mm (95% CI, 0.029 to 0.054 mm) in OK group. In RCO group, 5 children (45.5%) achieved clinically significant axial shortening (defined as AL change ≤ -0.05 mm). The adjusted mean macular thickness change was 0.664 µm (95% CI, 0.468 to 0.859 µm) in RCO group, and 0.077 µm (95% CI, -0.048 to 0.203 µm) in OK group. No severe adverse events or significant corneal findings were observed.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The six-month interim analysis indicates that combining RLRL therapy with OK effectively controls myopia progression in Spanish children, with no severe adverse effects. Long-term follow-up is ongoing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"275-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145409703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive Profiles in Children Receiving School-Based Eye Exams Following Vision Screening from a Large School-Based Vision Program in 2016 to 2022.","authors":"Andrew M Nguyen, Xinxing Guo, Xi Daisy Dai, Medha Kallem, David S Friedman, Nick Kourgialis, Michael X Repka, Megan E Collins","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2422351","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2422351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe refractive error findings and associated factors in students who received school-based eye exams following vision screenings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study of pre-kindergarten through 12^th grade students who failed vision screening and underwent a school-based eye exam in the Northeast region of the United States during 2016-2022. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity measurements were used to categorize refractive error by type and severity. Main outcomes included any refractive error (at least -0.50D myopia, +0.50 hyperopia, 1.00D astigmatism, or 1.00D anisometropia), clinically significant refractive error (CSRE; more severe refractive error with decreased vision), and refractive amblyopia risk (RAR). Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine student- and school-level characteristics associated with refractive error outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 103,159 included students who failed screening, 95,875 (92.9%) were analyzed. Overall prevalence of any refractive error was 94.2%, with 81.7% having CSRE. Pre-kindergarten & kindergarten students had the highest prevalence of CSRE (85.7%), which dropped to 77.0% by 3^rd and 4^th grade before rising with each higher grade level thereafter. Prevalence of RAR was 60.9% overall and highest in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten students (73.8%). Myopia was the most prevalent refractive error, followed by astigmatism, anisometropia, then hyperopia. The odds of hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia decreased with higher grade level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over 80% of students who failed vision screening at a large school-based vision program had CSRE, and over 60% had RAR. Pre-kindergarten and kindergarten students had an especially high prevalence of RAR. Refractive error remained common in every grade level.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"245-253"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Month Interim Analyses of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy in Myopia Control in Schoolchildren: A Pilot Multi-Ethnic Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Nelofar Deen, Zhuoting Zhu, Ziyi Qi, Yuri Yin-Moe Aung, Gabriella Bulloch, Di Miao, Mingguang He","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2500020","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2500020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in controlling myopia progression among multi-ethnic school-aged children. This report focuses on interim three-month data analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-ethnic, parallel controlled randomized trial. Thirty-four children aged 8-13 years with myopia were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to the RLRL group (<i>n</i> = 17) or the single-vision spectacles (SVS) control group (<i>n</i> = 17). RLRL therapy was administered twice daily on weekdays for three-minute sessions, while the SVS group continued routine activities. Assessments were scheduled at baseline and follow-up visits at one, three, six and 12 months, with compliance monitoring and safety assessments throughout. Respectively the primary outcome and a key secondary outcome are axial length (AL) change and cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 (94.1%) participated in the three-month follow-up visit. The RLRL group demonstrated a significant shortening in AL ( - 0.06   ±   0.05 mm) compared to the SVS group (0.02   ±   0.06 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the RLRL group demonstrated a reversal in SE (0.23   ±   0.18 D), whereas the SVS group exhibited a smaller increase (0.04   ±   0.43 D). No severe adverse events were reported in either of the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three-month interim analysis shows that RLRL therapy effectively controls myopia progression among multi-ethnic children without safety concerns, suggesting its potential as a globally applicable solution for myopia control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"266-274"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Association Between Disc Hemorrhage and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Progression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Chelsea Qiu Lin Tan, Claire Jing-Wen Tan, Bee Choo Tai, Nicole Shu-Wen Chan, Wanxian Katherine Lun, Yih-Chung Tham, Victor Teck Chang Koh","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2568395","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2568395","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Optic disc hemorrhages (DH) are one of the hallmark signs of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). However, due to the scarcity of longitudinal reports, the influence of baseline DH on the progression of POAG and its subtype, normal tension glaucoma (NTG), remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis to determine the association of baseline DH with progression of POAG and NTG.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, SCOPUS, and Web of Science were searched from inception till July 1, 2025. POAG and NTG progressions were defined based on functional or structural changes. Following the PRISMA guidelines and a PROSPERO-registered protocol (CRD42021292572), two authors selected observational studies reporting glaucomatous progression in patients aged 18 years and above. We performed random-effects meta-analysis to estimate the pooled odds ratio (OR) for the association between baseline DH and progression of POAG and NTG. Additionally, we also performed a qualitative analysis for data on the location of DH and its association with visual field deterioration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 22 papers comprising seven prospective cohort studies and 15 retrospective cohort studies. Baseline DH was associated with the progression of POAG (OR = 4.51; 95% CI (confidence interval) = 3.24 to 6.26; I2 = 44.2%) and NTG (OR = 5.15; 95% CI = 3.72-7.14; I2 = 29%). DH were most commonly observed inferotemporally, with a topological association between the location of DH and the site of visual field deterioration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DH is an important predictor for POAG progression, particularly for NTG. The presence of baseline DH in POAG patients may warrant closer monitoring of retinal nerve fibre layer thinning and visual field loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"310-319"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146106693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}