Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) Regarding Complications of High Myopia Among Patients with High Myopia.","authors":"Caili Yuan, Caifeng Lei, Yue Zhong, Jiao Liu, Juan Yu, Shangting Zhou, Jifang He","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2642946","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2642946","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The increasing global prevalence of high myopia, particularly in East Asia, poses a significant public health concern due to its potential for severe complications. Early detection and patient education are crucial. This study aimed to investigate KAP regarding complications of high myopia among individuals with high myopia in Chongqing, China, and to examine the impact of self-efficacy on these factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted at our center from December 11, 2023, to March 31, 2024. Participants completed a KAP questionnaire designed based on relevant literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 453 participants were included in the study, with a median knowledge score of 26.00 (interquartile range: 20.00-29.00) out of 39, indicating a moderate level of knowledge. The mean attitude score was 24.08 ± 3.35 out of 30, reflecting generally positive attitudes toward high myopia management. The mean practice score was 24.04 ± 4.56 out of 35, indicating moderate adherence to recommended practices. Structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed a significant positive relationship between knowledge and attitudes (estimate: 0.274522, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with attitudes significantly influencing practices (estimate: 0.822825, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Self-efficacy also exerted a positive but weaker effect on practices (estimate: 0.021341, <i>p</i> = 0.023).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite moderate levels of knowledge and practice, the positive attitudes and the significant correlation between higher knowledge and better practices suggest that targeted educational interventions could further improve outcomes. This study underscores the critical role of self-efficacy in enhancing KAP related to high myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"412-420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147499533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating Three Large Language Models in Ophthalmology Education: A Comparative Study of Accuracy and Readability Across 442 Questions.","authors":"Semih Çakmak, Arzu Karakiraz, Işılsu Ezgi Uluisik, Ali Efe Kara, Şerife Bayraktar, Emre Altinkurt","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2651197","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2651197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the accuracy and readability of ChatGPT-4.0 Mini, Gemini 1.5 Flash and Microsoft Copilot generated responses to fifth year medical school ophthalmology exam questions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 442 multiple-choice questions were submitted individually to each chatbot. Responses were marked correct or incorrect based on an answer key. Readability was assessed using Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) indices.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference in the overall accuracy rates among the chatbots (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Copilot has the highest accuracy rate (89.4%), followed by ChatGPT (84.2%) and Gemini (76.7%). Readability indices also showed a significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for all). Copilot demonstrated the lowest linguistic complexity, with the lowest FKGL and SMOG scores and the highest FRE values. In contrast, ChatGPT generated responses with the highest linguistic complexity across all evaluated metrics. Intraclass correlation coefficients for readability metrics ranged between 0.68 and 0.83, with the highest agreement between ChatGPT and Gemini. Despite the statistical significance in readability differences, all responses generally required a high school to early college-level reading ability.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Large language model-based chatbots demonstrated variable performance in answering ophthalmology questions at the medical school level. Among the models evaluated, Microsoft Copilot performed best in both accuracy and readability. These findings suggest that model choice may influence the usefulness of AI-generated content in educational settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"464-470"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Social Determinants of Health and Treatment of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis.","authors":"Timothy M Janetos, Manjot K Gill, Dustin D French","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2645106","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2645106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate associations between social determinants of health (SDOH) and treatment rates among patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration (exAMD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective cohort study of patients with exAMD utilizing data from the NIH <i>All of Us</i> Research Program. The primary outcome was annual rate of intravitreal injections abstracted from the EHR. Negative binomial regression was used to assess associations between the treatment rate and individual SDOH constructs developed from survey responses among other sociodemographic factors, adjusting for bilateral disease status and follow-up duration. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of all SDOH constructs was performed to identify potential latent constructs associated with the primary outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among sociodemographic factors, Black individuals had significantly lower injection rates (IRR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.13-0.79) compared to White individuals. When correcting for multiple comparisons, among the SDOH constructs, there were none that were significantly associated with treatment rate. Within the exploratory factor analysis, a factor identified by poor English proficiency, transportation difficulty, rural care access issues, worse health literacy, and provider concordance issues was associated with a significantly decreased rate of treatment (IRR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.55-0.96), as well as a factor identified by high neighborhood disorder, high loneliness, high perceived health care and everyday discrimination, and high stress (IRR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.60-0.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study identifies significant racial disparities and SDOH constructs associated with exAMD treatment rates. These findings underscore the complexity of sociodemographic influences on treatment and suggest potential inequities which warrant additional study.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"437-444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticipating the Surge: Projected Increase in Cataract Cases in Ethiopia and Policy Implications.","authors":"Samuel Hailemichael Henok, Mattan Arazi, John C Buchan","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2642278","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2642278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"493-494"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systemic Conditions Associated with Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Normal Tension Glaucoma in a Large US Adult Cohort.","authors":"Julia H Joo, Katherine E Talcott, Rishi P Singh, David C Kaelber, Ang Li","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2633607","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2633607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the patterns of association between two subtypes of open-angle glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and normal tension glaucoma (NTG), and systemic cardiovascular, neurologic, and autoimmune conditions in a large sample.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study generated propensity score-matched cohorts of patients with and without the above systemic conditions, based on International Classification of Diseases (ICD) encounter diagnosis codes, using the TriNetX platform, containing data from >120 million patients. Patients were matched across age, sex, race, and ethnicity. Cohorts for autoimmune conditions were additionally matched for long-term corticosteroid use. Primary outcomes were odds of either POAG or NTG. OR threshold of significance was defined as >1.1 or <0.9 to improve signal-to-noise ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The only systemic conditions associated with POAG were autoimmune disorders, namely Raynaud's syndrome (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.08-1.23), giant cell arteritis (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.06-1.24), and Graves' disease (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.18-1.34). POAG was not associated with cardiovascular or neurologic conditions. NTG was positively associated with conditions across all three categories of systemic conditions, with stronger positive associations with each condition compared to POAG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>POAG was not associated with cardiovascular or neurological conditions in a very large, propensity score-matched sample, but was positively associated with certain autoimmune conditions. NTG was positively associated with conditions across multiple organ systems. These findings indicate that both glaucoma subtypes likely have multifactorial etiologies of disease, one component of which may be auto-inflammatory.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"373-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Latency Models to Assess the Association between Use of Topical Corticosteroids (CS) and Incident Cataract among Eyes of Patients with Uveitis.","authors":"Bernard A Rosner, John H Kempen","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2646230","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2646230","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cataract is a leading cause of visual impairment related to uveitis. Time-to-development of cataract following topical corticosteroid use (CS) is not well characterized. We hypothesized that the time of greatest cataract risk following the use of topical CS could be identified using latency modelling.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eyes with anterior uveitis were followed over time for cataract in a large retrospective cohort study. In addition to uveitis activity (AC) and topical CS use at each visit, other covariates predictive of cataract incidence were available. Cox regression analyses with time-dependent covariates with the eye as the unit of analysis were used to assess cataract risk as a function of AC cell and CS drop use during two different 6-month exposure periods (Proximal: 1-185 days/Distal: 186-365 days prior to the current visit) after adjusting for other covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 6-month periods of disease inactivity (grade 0), there were strong associations between use of CS drops and cataract incidence: hazard ratio (HR)_proximal = 2.0 (95% CI = 1.2, 3.3); HR_distal = 1.6 (95% CI = 0.9, 2.7). In periods of borderline activity (grade 0.5+), there was a strong association of CS use in the proximal: HR = 5.5 (95% CI = 1.7, 18.1), but not the distal period. In periods of clearcut disease activity (≥grade 1+) there was no association of CS use with cataract incidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Topical CS use is associated with higher cataract risk during inactive or borderline disease activity periods, but not during clearcut disease activity periods (during which anti-inflammatory effects may be beneficial).</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"397-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147521626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Myopic Progression of Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Peng Ye, Chao Huang, Yuxuan Liu, Xiaoming Feng, Peiling Cai, Mengping Wang, Xinwei Chen","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2645112","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2645112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the progression of myopia in children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Online databases were searched for original studies reporting changes in the spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) of children, both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twelve eligible studies were identified after database search and screening. In all eligible studies, the annual changes in SER and AL were larger during the COVID-19 pandemic than during the pre-pandemic period. The pooled differences in SER and AL before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were -1.25 standard deviation (SD) and 0.27 SD, respectively. Pooled SER difference before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were -1.47 SD for cohorts with 100% children with myopia, -1.03 SD for cohorts with <100% children with myopia, -1.17 SD for cohorts from East Asia, -1.32 SD for cohorts from the other regions, -1.37 SD for younger cohorts, -1.30 SD for older cohorts, -1.79 SD for cohorts with shorter online education time, and -1.39 SD for cohorts with longer online education time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the progression of myopia in children, especially in those with myopia or from regions other than East Asia. This systematic review protocol was registered with PROSPERO [CRD420251061387].</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"483-492"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147486645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AI-Driven Diagnostics vs. Clinician Assessment in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comparative Analysis at a Secondary Eye Care Centre.","authors":"Ram Sudarshan Ravindran, Syed Mohideen Abdul Khadar, Kim Ramasamy, Aarif Khan, Nikhil Gopalakrishnan, Mohammed Sithiq Uduman, Harinikrishna Balakrishnan, Meenakshi Ravindran, Rengappa Ramakrishnan","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2641114","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2641114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of artificial intelligence (AI) in identifying diabetic retinopathy (DR) and macular oedema (ME) compared to ophthalmologists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study included 294 patients (576 eyes). Fundus images obtained using a non-mydriatic Topcon NW400 fundus camera were analyzed by an AI tool (Google ARDA (Automated Retinal Disease Assessment). Clinical grading was performed by a retina specialist using the International Clinical DR Severity Scale and considered the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and inter-grader agreement (κ statistics) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AI tool identified 69.8% of the eyes as DR, compared to 75.2% by the retina specialist, with an 83.3% accuracy rate, specificity of 90.9%, sensitivity of 97.1%, and Kappa = 0.77. For DME, AI classified 15.3% of eyes, compared to 5.9% by ophthalmologists, with an 89.9% diagnostic efficiency and Kappa = 0.48.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>AI tools show high sensitivity and substantial agreement with ophthalmologists in diagnosing DR and DME, indicating their potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency in retinal health screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"428-436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147378194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baseline Predictors for the Postoperative Trachomatous Trichiasis Following Lid Rotation Surgery in the FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdical Therapy for Trachomatous Trichiasis Surgery (FLAME) Trial.","authors":"Ha-Neul Yu, Fangming Jin, Aida Abashawl, Ahlam Awad Mohammed, Sarity Dodson, Wondu Alemayehu, Alemu Gemechu, Aemero Abateneh Mengesha, Dereje Adugna Kumsa, Vatinee Y Bunya, Maureen G Maguire, Matthew J Burton, John H Kempen, Gui-Shuang Ying","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2646232","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2646232","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate predictive factors for postoperative trachomatoustrichiasis (PTT) following trachomatous trichiasis (TT) surgery in an atrachoma-endemic setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Secondary analysis of the FLuorometholone as Adjunctive MEdicaltherapy for TT surgery (FLAME) trial for comparing fluorometholone 0.1% vs placebo as adjunctive therapy for TT surgery. A total of 3,218 upper eyelids from 2398 participants underwent posteriorlamellar (PLTR) or bilamellar (BLTR) tarsal rotation surgery and were assessed for PTT at week 4 and at months 6 and 12 post-surgery. PTT wasdefined as ≥1 lashes touching the globe, evidence of epilation, and/or repeat TT surgery. Baseline demographic and ocular characteristics were assessed for predicting 12-month PTT incidenceusing logistic regression, accounting for inter-eye correlation with generalized estimating equations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>By 12 months, 431 upper eyelids (13.4%) developed PTT. Increasing age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.93 for 60+ vs ≤29 years, <i>p</i> < 0.001), severe pre-operative TT (aOR = 2.01 for epilation >2/3 eyelid vs 1-5 lashes touching globe, <i>p</i> < 0.001), higher Ocular Surface Disease Indexocular symptoms score (aOR = 2.05 for 75-100 vs 0-12, <i>p</i> = 0.003), presence of TT at the lower eyelid (aOR = 1.96, <i>p</i> = 0.003), corneal opacity (aOR = 2.15 for off-center faint opacity vs none, <i>p</i> = 0.047), and surgery type (aOR = 3.85 for BLTR vs PLTR, <i>p</i> = 0.008) was independentlyassociated with a higher risk of PTT. These predictors and surgeons predicted PTT with an area under the curve of 0.74 (95% confidence interval: 0.72 to 0.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several baseline demographic and ocular characteristics indicating TT severity are predictive of PTT. Using these findings to identify high-risk individuals can inform clinical decision-making/patientcounselling.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"454-463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13280629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147777236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Causes of Visual Impairment and Blindness in Ghana: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Randy Asiamah, Pious Tawiah Amoako, Michael Agyemang Kwarteng, Selina Holdbrook, Samuel Kyei","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2627990","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2026.2627990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment (VI) and blindness in Ghana.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A systematic review of studies reporting the prevalence of VI and blindness in Ghana was performed after perusal of three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Data were extracted and study-specific estimates were combined using meta-analysis to obtain pooled proportions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 13 studies comprising 27,920 individuals (aged ≥6 years) were included; blindness was assessed in 24,345 individuals. The pooled prevalence of VI in Ghana was 5.79% (95% CI 3.25% to 10.12%; 95% PI 0.51 to 42.40%; <i>I</i>² = 98.9). VI prevalence was higher in rural than urban settings and higher among women and older adults. Refractive errors were the leading cause of VI, accounting for 2.00% of all VI cases (95% CI 0.98% to 4.06%; <i>I</i>² = 91.7). The pooled prevalence of blindness was 0.25% (95% CI 0.04% to 1.43%; 95% PI 0.00 to 49.77%; <i>I</i>² = 93.3), with cataracts the most common cause of blindness (0.79% of blindness cases; 95% CI 0.39% to 1.57%; <i>I</i>² = 95.3). Meta-regression found no significant effects of publication year or sample size; sensitivity analyses showed pooled estimates were robust to single-study exclusion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>VI and blindness are prevalent in Ghana. The high burden, particularly in rural areas, older adults, and women, underscores the need for strengthened primary eye care, expanded cataract surgical services, and targeted interventions to reduce avoidable vision loss in Ghana. Strengthening primary eye care and targeted outreach are essential for reducing avoidable vision loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"471-482"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}