Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Three Handheld Fundus Cameras for Assessment of the Vertical Cup-To-Disk Ratio.","authors":"Jasmeet Saroya, Louisa Lu, Somsanguan Ausayakhun, Sakarin Ausayakhun, Preeyanuch Khunsongkiet, Atitaya Apivatthakakul, Catherine Q Sun, Tyson N Kim, Michele Lee, Edmund Tsui, Plern Sutra, Jeremy D Keenan","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2260877","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2260877","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Purpose To compare the quality of optic nerve photographs from three different handheld fundus cameras and to assess the reproducibility and agreement of vertical cup-to-disk ratio (VCDR) measurements from each camera. Methods Adult patients from a comprehensive ophthalmology clinic and an intravitreous injection clinic in northern Thailand were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Each participant had optic nerve photography performed with each of 3 handheld cameras: the Volk iNview, Volk Pictor Plus, and Peek Retina. Images were graded for VCDR in a masked fashion by two photo-graders and images with > 0.2 discrepancy in VCDR were assessed by a third photo-grader. Results A total of 355 eyes underwent imaging with three different handheld fundus cameras. Optic nerve images were judged ungradable in 130 (37%) eyes imaged with Peek Retina, compared to 36 (10%) and 55 (15%) eyes imaged with the iNview and Pictor Plus, respectively. For 193 eyes with gradable images from all 3 cameras, inter-rater reliability for VCDR measurements was poor or moderate for each of the cameras, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.41 to 0.52. A VCDR ≥ 0.6 was found in 6 eyes on iNview images, 9 eyes on Pictor Plus images, and 3 eyes on Peek images, with poor agreement between cameras (e.g., no eyes graded as VCDR ≥ 0.6 on images from both the iNview and Pictor Plus). Conclusions Inter-rater reliability of VCDR grades from 3 handheld cameras was poor. Cameras did not agree on which eyes had large VCDRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"311-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41155632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Predictive Risk Factors for Post-Cataract Surgery Endophthalmitis in Ministry of Health Hospitals from 2012 to 2020.","authors":"Durgavashini Govinda Raju, Norlina Ramli, Mohamad Aziz Salowi","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2273504","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2273504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Postoperative endophthalmitis is a devastating complication, leading to poor visual prognosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence, risk factors, and visual outcome of post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis in Malaysia over a 9-year period (2012-2020).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from National Eye Database (NED), involving all patients who have undergone cataract surgery from January 2012 until December 2020 were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total number of patients who had undergone cataract surgery between the year 2012 till 2020 were 231,281 patients (267,781 eyes). Incidence of POE in this population was 0.08%. Patient aged 70 and above (<i>p</i>-value 0.047), Malay ethnicity (<i>p</i>-value: 0.009), presence of ischemic heart disease, renal failure, diabetic retinopathy, and poorer preoperative vision were shown to have a higher risk of POE. Cataract surgeries done in KK-KKM, duration more than 45 minutes, use of general anaesthesia, and no IOL or ACIOL implantation were significantly more in POE patients. Multivariate analysis revealed Malay ethnicity, presence of ocular comorbidity, poor preoperative vision, ACIOL, and presence of intra-operative complication were predictive factors for POE.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Incidence of POE is low in the Malaysian population. Surgeons have to be aware that Malay ethnicity, presence of ocular comorbidity, poor preoperative visual acuity, placement of IOL and complicated cataract operation have higher risk of POE.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"342-348"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient Demand for Ophthalmologists in the United States: A Google Trends Analysis.","authors":"Sinan Akosman, Elizabeth Tran, Sedona Rosenberg, Haig Pakhchanian, Rahul Raiker, David A Belyea","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2273508","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2273508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To study geographic patterns in ophthalmologist supply and patient demand for services in the United States.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Google Trends data for the keywords \"ophthalmology\" and \"ophthalmologist\" between 2004 and 2019 were queried and normalized to determine relative search volumes (RSV) for each United States state. Ophthalmologist density was calculated by dividing the number of practicing ophthalmologists by the State Census Bureau population estimates. RSV values were divided by ophthalmologist density and normalized to calculate the relative demand index (RDI) for each state. The number of accredited ophthalmology programs per state was acquired through the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ophthalmologist concentration was highly heterogeneous across the country. The states with the highest concentration of ophthalmologist per 10,000 people were Washington, DC (1.42), Maryland (0.94), Massachusetts (0.87), and New York (0.86), while the lowest were Wyoming (0.19), Idaho (0.36), New Mexico (0.38), and Nevada (0.39). RSVs ranged from 36 (Alaska and North Dakota) to 100 (Michigan). The highest RDI was found in South Dakota (100), Delaware (84), Michigan (66), and Arizona (56). The lowest RDI was in Washington, DC (0), Hawaii (7), Oregon (8), and Montana (14). The highest number of ophthalmology residency programs were in New York (18), Texas (9), and California (9), whereas 12 states lacked residency programs altogether.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, we found a wide range in the geographic distribution of ophthalmologists and residency programs in the United States. States with the highest relative demand index may represent areas most at risk of unmet medical needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"349-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54230395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subjective Wellbeing, Work Performance and Lived Experience of Zanzibari Women Entrepreneurs with Uncorrected Functional Presbyopia: A Pre-Post Mixed-Methods Study.","authors":"Ving Fai Chan, Michelle Fernandes Martins, Omar Juma Othman, Ai Chee Yong, Damaris Mulewa, Christine Graham, Carlos Price-Sanchez, Ronnie Graham, Adrianna Farmer, Eden Mashayo, Fatma Omar","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2279102","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2279102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Uncorrected presbyopia has been shown to reduce Zanzibari women's quality of life. In this mixed-methods study, we examined the subjective wellbeing and self-reported work performance among older women entrepreneurs with functional presbyopia before and shortly after correction, and how poor vision at close distance affected their daily lives.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Women entrepreneurs underwent eye examination to identify those with uncorrected functional presbyopia. Their subjective wellbeing and work performance were both measured in Cantril's ladder. Ready-made glasses were then provided and 30 minutes to an hour later, their subjective wellbeing and work performance was remeasured. Twenty women entrepreneurs were interviewed to understand their lived experience with uncorrected presbyopia.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two-hundred-seventeen women entrepreneurs were included in the survey (mean age 51.6 years, SD 8.64). Women entrepreneurs had a mean subjective wellbeing score of 3.32 (SD 1.10) pre-correction and 5.99 (SD 1.13) post-correction (<i>p</i> < .001), and a mean self-rated current work performance score of 4.62 (SD 1.36) before correction and 5.47 (SD 1.35) post-correction (<i>p</i> < .001). One-hundred-and-ninety (87.6%) and 121 women entrepreneurs (55.8%) rated their current subjective wellbeing and work performance scores < 5, respectively. Around 1/4 of women entrepreneurs reported having severe difficulties with near tasks.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Poor vision at a close distance caused by uncorrected functional presbyopia negatively affected economic, physical and psychosocial aspects of women entrepreneurs' lives. Subjective wellbeing and self-reported work productivity scores improved significantly shortly after presbyopia was corrected. More research with longer follow-up is needed to understand the full benefits of correcting presbyopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"333-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11229787/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71484608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-Depth Analysis of Incidence and Survival of Lacrimal Gland Malignancies in the United States of America from 1995 to 2018.","authors":"Mahmoud T KhalafAllah, Mohamed Alaa Gouda, Ahmad Samir Alfaar","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2280983","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2280983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate lacrimal gland malignancies' incidence and survival rates in the USA between 1995 and 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Incidence and survival data from the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries of lacrimal gland malignancies between 1996 and 2018 were extracted and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study analyzed data pertaining to 3620 patients (females 56.7%, <i>n</i> = 2051). A sizable number of patients were 60-79 years of age (45.1%, <i>n</i> = 1633), with a substantial majority being of the non-Hispanic white ethnicity (82.9%, <i>n</i> = 3002). A little above half of patients (52.1%, <i>n</i> = 1886) had presented with a localized disease. Lymphomas represented 59.3% (<i>n</i> = 2146) of lacrimal gland malignancies, while 37% (<i>n</i> = 1339) were carcinomas. The cumulative age-adjusted incidence rate per million was 0.53 for all malignancies, 0.31 for lymphomas, and 0.2 for carcinomas. While the annual crude incidence rate showed a significant steady increase (average annual change of 1.24%; <i>P</i> < .05), age-adjusted rates did not show a similar trend. The five- and 10-year relative survival rates were 88.64 months (95% confidence interval (CI): 85.81-90.93) and 80.26 months (95%CI: 76.21-83.7), respectively. Older age, non-lymphoma tumors, and advanced stage at diagnosis were significantly associated with worse outcomes. Relative survival rates did not show significant changes from 1995 to 2018, irrespective of gender, race or treatment received.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early detection and localized tumor management can improve survival outcomes for patients with lacrimal gland malignancies. Further research is needed to understand these malignancies' risk profiles and develop more effective treatment strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"364-373"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138445686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Diuretics and Risk of Acute Angle Closure: A Case-Control Study.","authors":"Grace L Qiao, Frederick S Mikelberg, Mahyar Etminan","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2264387","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2264387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the possible link between acute angle closure (AAC) with use of diuretics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A nested case-control study (NCC) was conducted among a cohort of diuretic users using the PharMetrics Plus database from 2006 to 2020. Cases were identified as the first international classification of diseases 9^th and 10^th editions (ICD-9/10) code for ACC. For each case, 4 controls were selected and matched to the cases by age and sex using density-based sampling. A conditional logistic regression model was used to compute rate ratios (RRs) adjusted for the drugs topiramate, bupropion, sulphonamide antibiotics, acetazolamide, and sulfasalazine. The RRs for a negative control drug, amlodipine, was also assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From the initial cohort of 713 574 diuretics users, 1 553 cases and 6 212 controls were identified. No increase in the risk of AAC with current users of diuretics was found (RR = 1.06, (95% CI: 0.81-1.37) for all diuretics; RR = 0.97, (95% CI: 0.71-1.32) for thiazides; RR = 1.24, (95% CI: 0.90-1.73) for loop diuretics; RR = 0.99, (95% CI: 0.73-1.36) for potassium sparing).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found no increase in the risk of acute angle closure with use of diuretics. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"321-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41109920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Three Atopic Triad and Retinal Vein Occlusion Risk: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.","authors":"Seongho Kim, Bo Hee Kim, Kyungdo Han, Mingui Kong, Su Jeong Song","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2276193","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2276193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the association between three allergic diseases (allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and the development of retinal vein occlusion (RVO), a major retinal disease that causes visual impairment.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study used data obtained from the Korean National Health Insurance Claims database between 2009 and 2018. The association between the three atopic triads (allergic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, and asthma) and the occurrence of sight-threatening RVO, as determined by diagnostic and treatment codes, were analyzed. Multivariate adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to determine the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals for RVO development in the presence of allergic disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this population-based study, 2,160,195 (54.6%) individuals were male, 1,794,968 (45.4%) were female, and 620,938 (15.7%) were diagnosed with allergic diseases. Patients with either asthma or allergic rhinitis had a greater risk of RVO (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.101, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.029-1.178 for asthma; aHR = 1.181, 95% CI = 1.147-1.215 for allergic rhinitis) compared to those without asthma or allergic rhinitis; however, patients with atopic dermatitis did not show a significant association with RVO (aHR = 1.071, 95% CI = 0.889-1.290), after adjusting for other risk factors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that allergic rhinitis, asthma, and coexisting multiple allergic conditions were associated with an increased risk of RVO. Thus, it may be advisable to suggest an ophthalmological examination for patients with allergies due to the increased possibility of the occurrence of retinal vascular disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"301-310"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Community Eye Clinics (CEC) on Specialist Eye Clinic Referrals.","authors":"Koh Yunqi, Li Zhenghao Kelvin, Yau Siew Lian, Quah Hui Min, Tan Huiling Sheryl, Marilyn Chan Min, Tay Yuan Fang, Khin Lay Wai, Chua Chun Hau, Yip Vivien Cherng Hui, Vernon Yong Khet Yau, Wong Hon Tym","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2261528","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2261528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Community Eye Clinics (CEC) increase accessibility of specialist ophthalmic services in the community, reducing demand for tertiary eye services. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of CEC on first-visit referrals from Hougang Polyclinic (HOU) to Tan Tock Seng Hospital Ophthalmology Specialist Outpatient Clinic (SOC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective analysis was performed on first-visit referrals from Hougang Polyclinic (HOU) to Tan Tock Seng Hospital Ophthalmology Specialist Outpatient Clinic (SOC) over a similar 3-months period before and after the introduction of CEC in August 2018 (1 January to 31 March in 2018 and 2019, respectively). Data pertaining to patients' presenting complaints, referral reasons, final diagnoses, follow-up plans, and need for ophthalmic intervention were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 978 patients in our study. There was a 27.5% reduction in the number of first-visit referrals seen at SOC after the establishment of CEC. Patients were more likely to be referred on to sub-specialty eye clinics (10.8% vs. 12.9%, <i>p</i>= <i>p</i> = .304) and receive more ophthalmic interventions (15% vs. 16.3%, <i>p</i> = .066) than prior to CEC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The CEC provides greater accessibility to eye care within the community. Optometrists are upskilled to manage patients with stable eye conditions, whilst eye specialists can provide timely care to the SOC for patients with more severe eye conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"315-320"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41208069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Fundus Pathology in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in a Northeastern Chinese Cohort.","authors":"Wei Lin, Dong Li, Liang Wen, Yu Wang, Zhong Lin, Fenghua Wang, Yuanbo Liang","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2260855","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2260855","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for fundus pathology in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a cohort from northeastern China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients were included from the Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study. Patients aged ≥ 30 years with T2DM were recruited between July 2012 and May 2013. Fundus pathology included retinal vascular occlusion (RVO), age-related macular degeneration (AMD), macular pathology, pathologic myopia (PM) and glaucomatous optic atrophy (GOA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A Total of 1998 patients with gradable fundus photographs were included in this study, of whom 388 (19.42%) had fundus pathology regardless of whether they had diabetic retinopathy (DR). There were 187 (9.36%) patients with AMD, 97 (4.85%) with GOA, 67 (3.35%) with macular pathology, 35 (1.75%) with PM and 23 (1.15%) with RVO. Advanced age was significantly associated with AMD (odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03, 1.01-1.05), macular pathology (OR, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.03-1.09) and GOA (OR, 95% CI: 1.06, 1.04-1.09). A wider central retinal arteriolar equivalent was protective against PM (OR, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.66-0.92). Wider central retinal venular equivalent was a protective factor for PM (OR, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.68-0.82) and GOA (OR, 95% CI: 0.93, 0.87-0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>One-fifth of these patients in northeast China with T2DM had fundus pathology regardless of whether they had DR, indicating the importance of early screening and long-term follow-up.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"356-363"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a Regional Program for Identifying and Treating Children with Correctable Refractive Error in Indonesia.","authors":"Rahul S Iyengar, Michael Krautmann, Satyaprabha Kotha, John Macom, Nick Kourgialis, Joshua R Ehrlich","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2266831","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2266831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Indonesia is a rapidly growing county with over 262 million inhabitants, but among highly populated countries it has one of the lowest concentrations of eye care providers. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of a program implemented in South Sulawesi, Indonesia that trained school teachers to conduct vision screenings, organized in-school evaluations by opticians, and provided free eyeglasses to school children with refractive error (RE).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Schoolteachers across 6 districts in South Sulawesi were trained to screen children with possible RE for subsequent evaluation by opticians. All costs associated with designing and implementing the program (administration, training personnel, labor, service delivery, etc.) were assessed. Expenditures and outcomes data were utilized to calculate the cost per disability-adjusted-life-year (DALY) averted using both 2010 and 2016 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) weights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>521 teachers screened 41,212 students across 172 schools in South Sulawesi. 4,506 (10.9%) students failed screening, 2,652 were seen by optometrists, and 2,038 received glasses.The total program cost was US$97,380, with glasses (39.6%) and labor (23.3%) accounting for the two biggest expenditures. In districts with school-based refraction services, the costs per student screened, refracted, and receiving glasses were $2.57, $31.33, and $41.40, respectively; costs were $2.04, $59.80, and $73.22 when district services were instead provided centrally. The estimated cost per DALY averted was US$89.04 based on GBD 2010 weights.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Treating children with correctable RE in limited resource settings can be done cost-effectively through a school-based model.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41121747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}