Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Dilated Fundus Examinations by Metropolitan Status from 2017-2021: An Assessment of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.","authors":"Ryan Emmert, Mackenzee Thompson, Dawsyn Smith, Riley Marlar, Kristen McPherson, Simran Demla, Micah Hartwell","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2434247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2434247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetic eye disease, namely diabetic retinopathy (DR), remains a leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide. Research has shown that treatment for diabetes and eye care was disrupted during the pandemic - with disparities between urban and rural populations being unknown. Thus, we aimed to assess the prevalence of reported rates of DR and dilated fundus exams from 2017 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Among US residents with diabetes, we calculated the rates of DR and annual dilated fundus exams - overall and by metropolitan statistical area (MSA) - measuring differences using <i>X</i>² tests.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2017, the rate of DR was 19.78% among US residents reporting diabetes, which increased to the highest rate in 2018 at 22.19% before dropping to the lowest rates in 2019 and 2020 (18.44%). These annual changes were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < .001), but we found no significant differences by MSA status. Each year, nearly ⅔ of all individuals reported receiving dilated fundus examinations which peaked in 2019 at 71.5%. These annual deviations, as well as deviations by MSA were statistically significant (<i>p</i> < .001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although populations outside of an MSA experienced an increase in dilated fundus examinations, the national prevalence of DR continues to rise. Further research into sociodemographic and cultural factors influencing diabetic eye disease and access to ophthalmic care will be crucial for the prevention of DR and improving vision outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142854848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Vision-Related Functional Impairments Among Adults in the United States.","authors":"Chris Zajner, Nikhil Patil, Jim S Xie, Michele Zaman, Marko M Popovic, Peter J Kertes, Rajeev H Muni, Radha P Kohly","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2434239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2434239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the relationships between vision-related functional impairment (VFI) with sociodemographic and healthcare access factors in a representative sample of the United States population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the 2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were used. The NHIS involves responses from the U.S. civilian, non-institutionalized population aged 18 years or older. It provides self-reported data on demographic characteristics, socioeconomic factors, health status, and healthcare access. NHIS participants who responded to at least one of our target questions about VFI were included in the study. VFI was defined for participants based on their 'yes' or 'no' responses to target questions about experiencing a VFI. Data analysis was performed through univariable and multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 26,711 participants were included, of which 6926 (25.9%) participants reported experiencing a VFI. In univariable analysis, there were greater odds of VFI among females (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.07-1.26, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and participants with less than a high school degree compared to those with an advanced degree (OR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02-1.33, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Among economic and healthcare access factors, greater odds of VFI was associated with public health insurance versus private coverage (OR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.32, <i>p</i> = 0.001), having delayed medical care due to costs (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.86-2.10, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and being unemployed (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.26-1.53, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Participants whose incomes were lower than the poverty threshold (OR: 1.54, 95% CI: 1.32-1.80, <i>p</i> < 0.001) had higher odds of VFI than those with income >5× poverty threshold.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Several demographic and economic factors are associated with VFI in a representative sample of the U.S. population. These results highlight the importance of addressing social and economic factors that are associated with the development of VFI.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142838753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Transplantation in Australia Over 29 Years: A Retrospective Analysis of Medicare Data from 1994 to 2022.","authors":"Sachin Phakey, Elaine W T Chong","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2442366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2442366","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We aim to report the frequency and distribution of corneal transplantation, by age, sex, and state/territory, in Australia over a > 25-year period from 1994 to 2022, including during COVID-19 lockdowns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from Medicare, Australia's Government-funded health insurance scheme, we retrospectively analysed corneal transplants performed from January 1994 to December 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 1994 to 2022, there were 27,536 corneal transplantation services processed by Medicare. Transplants tended to be more common in males in younger age groups (67.7% male in 15-24-year-olds), and in females in older age groups (59.2% female in 75-84-year-olds). Most transplants were performed in New South Wales (9,438 services, 34.3%), Queensland (7,722, 28.0%), and Victoria (5,209, 18.9%). Annual corneal transplantation rates in Australia tended to decrease from 1994 to 2006 (lowest rate during study period), falling by 31%, and then increased by 81%, from 2006 to 2022 (end of study period). Annual repeat corneal transplantation rates (i.e. second and subsequent transplants) increased from 2004 to 2022, rising 301%. During Australia's nationwide 2020 COVID-19 lockdown (from March to April), monthly transplantation rates decreased by 31%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We performed a longitudinal analysis of corneal transplantation in Australia using a comprehensive, routinely collected, population-based data source. Prior studies examining corneal transplantation have interrogated data from the Australian Corneal Graft Registry, which relies on voluntary reporting. Corneal transplantation rates have increased during the last 15 years, likely as new corneal transplant techniques have evolved, with increasing demand for corneal donation and eye banking services.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vision Loss in South and Central Asia in 2020: Magnitude and Temporal Trends.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2374934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2374934","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of vision loss for 2020 in South and Central Asia and analyze trends since 1990.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a systematic literature review, we estimated the prevalence of blindness, visual impairment (VI) and presbyopia-related VI in 1990,2000,2010, and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 103 population-based studies. In South/Central Asia combined, age-standardized prevalence of blindness, moderate-to-severe VI (MSVI), moderate VI, severe VI, mild VI and presbyopia-related VI for all ages was 0.65% (95% uncertainty interval (UI):0.56/0.74), 5.06 (4.55/5.59), 4.40 (3.91/4.94), 0.65 (0.57/0.74), 3.21 (2.89/3.56), and 8.77 (6.37/11.48), respectively, with higher values for women than men. From 2000 to 2020, changes in age-standardized prevalence in South Asia were -36.85 (-36.94/-36.76), -7.01 (-7.13/-6.90), -5.86 (-5.99/-5.73), -13.96 (-14.09/-13.82), -9.55 (-9.66/-9.44), and -8.62 (-8.93/-8.31), respectively for men, and -38.50 (-38.59/-38.40), -10.12 (-10.22/-10.01), -9.23(-9.36/-9.10), -14.86 (-14.99/-14.73), -9.44 (-9.56/-9.33), and -7.78 (-8.09/-7.48), respectively for women. From 2000/2020, the changes in age-standardized prevalence figures in Central Asia were -21.44 (-21.58/-21.30), -2.75 (-2.87/-2.64), -2.17 (-2.30/-2.04), -7.12 (-7.26/-6.99), -5.36 (-5.48/-5.25), and -3.67(-4.02/-3.32), respectively for men, and -21.13 (-21.27/-20.99), -2.70 (-2.81/-2.58), -2.18 (-2.30/-2.05), -6.93 (-7.07/-6.80), -5.03 (-5.14/-4.91), and -2.65 (-3.00/-2.30), respectively, for women. In 2020, 11.94 million (9.98-14.07) and 0.30 million (0.24-0.36) individuals were blind, and 96.22 million (84.12-110.27) and 2.95 million (2.52-3.43) had MSVI in South Asia and Central Asia, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite a higher decrease between 2000 and 2020, the age-standardized prevalence of blindness and MSVI were higher in South Asia than in Central Asia in 2020. The number of people affected increased due to population growth and improved longevity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Results from the Nationwide German KiGGS Study in Children and Adolescents Show that Myopia is Associated with Being an Only Child.","authors":"Eva-Maria Kollhoff, Luise Poustka, Thomas Meyer","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2434242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2434242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Several studies suggest that myopia is more frequently observed in first-born compared to later-born children. However, it is unknown whether the prevalence of myopia in alpha birth order differs between only-children and first-borns with siblings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this post-hoc study, we analyzed weighted data from the nationwide, representative German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) and assessed the relationship between birth order and the prevalence of refractive anomalies in study participants aged 11-17 years (<i>n</i> = 3,429).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results showed that there was a significantly higher percentage of self-reported myopia in only-children as compared to first-borns with siblings (34.5% vs 28.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.001). A logistic regression model with myopia as dependent variable and only-child status as independent variable adjusted to age, sex, body-mass index, socioeconomic and migration status confirmed that only-child status was independently and positively associated with myopia (odds ratio = 1.396, 95%-confidence interval = 1.166-1.671, <i>p</i> < 0.001). However, no such relationship was found for hyperopia (<i>p</i> = 0.203).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Myopia, but not hyperopia, was significantly and positively related to only-child status, irrespective of confounders as age, sex, body-mass index, as well as socioeconomic and migration status. Further research is needed to decipher the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this relationship.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142786195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Five Camera Systems for Capturing and Grading Trachoma Images.","authors":"Fahd Naufal, Christopher J Brady, Beatriz Muñoz, Harran Mkocha, Sheila K West","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2174559","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2174559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>As training of trachoma graders using live participants grows increasingly difficult and expensive, alternative ways are needed possibly through replacement of field grading with photography. However, minimum specifications for a camera system capable of capturing high quality images have not been defined. This study compared images captured using four smartphones with those from a Nikon SLR camera for image quality and assessment of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The smartphones - Samsung Galaxy S8 (S8), Techno Camon 17 pro (TC), Infinix Note 10 pro (IN), Huawei p30 pro (HP) - were chosen for their availability and likelihood of good performance based on specifications without external attachments. All smartphones were used in random order for each participant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>129 children in Kongwa, Tanzania were enrolled (32.8% TF prevalence). The SLR camera had the least percent of ungradable images (3.1%), followed by the S8 (14%), HP (23.4%), IN (65.9%), and TC (71.2%). The S8 and the HP were significantly more likely to take ungradable images if they were used toward the end of the camera rotation. Agreement between the SLR and field grade was kappa = 0.73. Agreement between the field grade and gradable images from the S8 (0.68) and HP (0.8) was measured.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Published specifications did not predict the success of using different smartphones for everted eyelid photographs; proprietary post-processing software likely influenced gradeability. Smartphones, though we cannot recommend those tested in this study, may be viable for capturing images for trachoma provided the quality of images from the field are adequate.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"605-610"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10701037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prevalence of Trachomatous Trichiasis in People Aged 15 Years and Over in Six Evaluation Units of Gaoual, Labé, Dalaba and Beyla Districts, Guinea.","authors":"Midiaou M Bah, Fatoumata Sakho, André Goepogui, Luc C Nieba, Abdourahim Cisse, Paul Courtright, Anna J Harte, Clara Burgert-Brucker, Cristina Jimenez, Pierre L Lama, Michel Sagno, Ana Bakhtiari, Sarah Boyd, Anthony W Solomon, Michaela Kelly, Fiona James, Moise S D Tenkiano, Emma M Harding-Esch, Boubacar M Dicko","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2192269","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2192269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trachoma is a public health problem in 42 countries. Inflammation associated with repeated ocular infection with <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> can cause the eyelid to scar and turn inwards, resulting in the eyelashes rubbing against the eyeball, known as trachomatous trichiasis (TT). In Guinea, baseline surveys conducted in 2013 reported inflammatory trachoma prevalences below the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold for elimination, but TT prevalences above threshold. Given this epidemiological context and time since baseline survey, TT-only surveys were conducted in selected districts to determine current TT prevalence. The results of this study provide critical data for assessing Guinea's achievement of trachoma elimination targets.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Four health districts, consisting of six evaluation units (EU), were surveyed. In each EU, field teams visited 29 clusters with a minimum 30 households included in each. Participants aged≥15 years were examined by certified graders trained to identify TT and determine whether management had been offered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22,476 people were examined, with 48 TT cases across the six EUs identified. Five of six EUs had an age-and-gender adjusted TT-prevalence unknown to the health system less than 0.2%, whereas one EU, Beyla 2, had an adjusted TT prevalence of 0.24%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These TT-only surveys, along with findings from other trachoma interventions, suggest that Guinea is close to achieving elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. This study demonstrates the value of undertaking TT-only surveys in settings where baseline surveys indicated active trachoma prevalences below WHO elimination threshold, but TT prevalences above it.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"526-533"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10130248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between the Severity of Trachomatous Scarring and Trachomatous Trichiasis Severity in Surgical Patients in Tanzania.","authors":"Meraf A Wolle, Neha Misra, Fahd Naufal, Michael Saheb Kashaf, Beatriz E Munoz, Harran Mkocha, Nicodemus Funga, Sheila K West","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2238090","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2238090","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the association between the severity of trachomatous conjunctival scarring (TS) of the upper eyelid conjunctiva and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) severity in TT surgical patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted amongst adults with TT who were referred to surgical camps in Bahi District, Tanzania, for TT surgery. Participants underwent ocular examination. The presence and severity of TS was evaluated in photographs of the everted upper eyelid. TT severity was assessed at the time of the ocular exam based on the number of lashes touching the globe and/or evidence and extent of epilation. Ordinal logistic models were used to examine the association between the severity of TS and TT severity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 627 eyes of 388 participants were included. Mean age was 65 years (ranging from 21-98), 81% were females, and 62% had bilateral TT. 93% of eyes with any TT had at least moderate TS; 62% of eyes had severe TS. An increase in TS severity was associated with an increase in the severity of TT. Using as a reference eyes with none to mild TS, in eyes with moderate TS the odds of increased severity of TT was 1.30 (95% CI 0.67-2.51), in eyes with severe TS the odds was 4.20 (95% CI 2.23-7.92).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In cases of trachomatous trichiasis presenting for surgery, the severity of TT was significantly associated with the severity of TS with almost all cases of TT having moderate or severe scarring.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"561-567"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10799962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9836905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal pannus, Herbert's pits and conjunctival inflammation in older children in Papua New Guinea.","authors":"Gillian M Cochrane, Magdelene Mangot, Wendy Houinei, Melinda Susapu, Anasaini Cama, Richard Le Mesurier, Sara Webster, Tessa Hillgrove, Jaki Barton, Robert Butcher, Emma M Harding-Esch, David Mabey, Ana Bakhtiari, Andreas Müller, Aya Yajima, Anthony W Solomon, John Kaldor, Samuel Peter Koim, Robert Ko, Jambi Garap","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2273507","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2273507","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) in Papua New Guinea (PNG) suggests antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) is needed to eliminate trachoma as a public health problem but the burden of trichiasis is low. As a result, WHO issued bespoke recommendations for the region. If ≥ 20% of 10-14-year-olds have both any conjunctival scarring (C1 or C2 or C3) and corneal pannus and/or Herbert's pits, MDA should be continued. Equally, if ≥ 5% of that group have both moderate/severe conjunctival scarring (C2 or C3) and corneal pannus and/or Herbert's pits, MDA should be continued.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified 14 villages where > 20% of 1-9-year-olds had TF during baseline mapping undertaken 4 years and 1 month previously. Every child aged 10-14 years in those villages was eligible to be examined for clinical signs of corneal pannus, Herbert's pits and conjunctival scarring. A grading system that built on existing WHO grading systems was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1,293 resident children, 1,181 (91%) were examined. Of 1,178 with complete examination data, only one (0.08%) individual had concurrent scarring and limbal signs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The WHO-predefined criteria for continuation of MDA were not met. Ongoing behavioural and environmental improvement aspects of the SAFE strategy may contribute to integrated NTD control. Surveillance methods should be strengthened to enable PNG health authorities to identify future changes in disease prevalence.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"518-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139707485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trachoma Impact Survey Results from 31 Woredas in Tigray Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Gemechis Teferi, Harnet Adane, Evini Cyrille, Aynalem Tefera, Solomon Gadisa, Adugna Amin, Mebratu Tsehaye, Yonas Mitku, Haftamu Assefa, Sharone Backers, Addisu Alemayehu, Belete Mengistu, Fikreab Kebede, Fentahun Tadesse, Nebiyu Negussu, Robert Butcher, Ana Bakhtiari, Rebecca Willis, Sarah Boyd, Cristina Jimenez, Michael Dejene, Anthony W Solomon, Meheret Deyassa, Mohammed Shafi, Tezera Kifle, Asfaw Tegen, Berihu Mesfin, Tsegay Berihu, Teklay Mariam, Hagos Godefay, Emma M Harding-Esch, Amanuel Kidane, Ephrem Fisseha","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2317823","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2317823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Baseline surveys were conducted in Tigray region, Ethiopia, in 2013. Since then, rounds of azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA) have been delivered in-line with international guidance. The purpose of these surveys was to assess trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF) prevalence following those treatments to enable the region to plan the next steps towards elimination of trachoma.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All surveys followed WHO recommendations for community-based cross-sectional survey design. Thirty-one woredas in six zones of Tigray region were surveyed. There were two survey series: all 31 woredas were surveyed in the first series, and 11 woredas were resurveyed in the second, due to having a TF prevalence between 5% and 9.9% in the first series.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first series of 31 surveys, one woreda had an adjusted TF prevalence in 1-9-year-olds of <5.0%, 13 had a prevalence of 5.0-9.9% and 17 had a prevalence of 10.0-29.9%. In the second series of 11 surveys, the prevalence of TF was <5.0% in seven woredas and 5.0-9.9% in four woredas. The most recent adjusted prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds was ≥.2% in 27 EUs. One-third of households visited had access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute return journey of their house, and 11% had an improved latrine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Eight woredas met the criteria to stop MDA for 2 years before the re-survey. However, further rounds of MDA, additional efforts to improve water and sanitation access and ongoing strengthening of surgical services for TT are needed across Tigray.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":"31 6","pages":"597-604"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142896582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}