Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Difference Between Cycloplegic and Non-Cycloplegic Refraction and Its Association with Longitudinal Refractive Changes in Chinese Children.","authors":"Yifan Xu, Yuanyuan Hu, Jiaqing Zhang, Yijia Chen, Yifan Zhang, Lixia Luo, Xiaotong Han","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2500025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2025.2500025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the difference between cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (DSE) as well as the association between baseline DSE and future refractive changes in Chinese children.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children aged 2-8 years who underwent auto-refraction at the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China, between 2009 and 2023. Cycloplegia was achieved with 1% atropine or 0.5% tropicamide. Participant demographics, cycloplegic and non-cycloplegic auto-refraction results and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), were extracted from the medical records. Multiple linear regression was used to identify the factors associated with the distribution and stability of DSE. A paired t-test was used to assess the stability of DSE over 6 months. Mixed-effect models were used to assess the association between baseline DSE and subsequent refractive changes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2909 children (mean age, 6.05 years; 45% girls) were included, with most children having a DSE between 0 and 1 D. Larger DSE was associated with younger age (β = -0.099; <i>p</i> < 0.05) and more hyperopic SE (β = 0.495; <i>p</i> < 0.05). A decline of DSE was observed after the age of 6. Stability analysis included 40 children (mean age, 5.63 years; 55% girls), with DSE showing stability over 6 months. Progression analysis of 752 children (mean age, 5.59 years; 46% girls) found no significant association between DSE and myopic shift.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Younger and more hyperopic children exhibited larger DSE, DSE was not an independent risk factor for myopic shift.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144266875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Eyeglasses on Self-Rated Driving Safety of Commercial Truckers in India: Assessment Before and After Vision Screening.","authors":"Sonia Pant, Susan Bergson, David M Wright, Prabhath Piyasena, Rupali Chauhan, Ving Fai Chan, Nathan Congdon, Ella Gudwin","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2513534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2025.2513534","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vision is one of the most important functions needed for safer driving. We aim to investigate the usefulness of eyeglasses in improving self-reported on-the-job road safety outcomes among commercial drivers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A before and after assessment study was conducted among commercial truck-drivers to explore their vision problems and the usefulness of eyeglasses in improving self-reported on-the-job road safety outcomes. Truck-drivers underwent vision examination and if their monocular distance visual acuity was ≤6/9, then refraction was conducted. A total of 9,857 commercial vehicle drivers completed screening. A convenience sample of 385 drivers with distance vision refractive error underwent a baseline interview and 173 drivers completed the follow-up survey after receiving eyeglasses to rate the level of difficulty in eight specific driving tasks.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A high proportion of commercial vehicle drivers had uncorrected distance vision refractive error (17.7%). Commercial drivers (Range 49.1-74.0%) reported improvements in difficulty with glare, driving at night, identifying moving objects, judging distance and speed and driving in bad weather following the receipt of eyeglasses. In multivariate logistical regression models, drivers not meeting the Indian national visual acuity standard at baseline (presenting visual acuity ≤6/18) were nearly four times as likely to experience improvement in 4-8 visual difficulties (Odds ratio 3.69, 95% CI 1.13-12.0) compared to having no improvement in driving difficulties after receiving glasses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of readily correctable refractive errors was high in this cohort of commercial drivers from across India and corrective glasses may reduce commercial drivers' driving difficulties significantly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144249043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vision Screening Prevalence and Disparities Among U.S. School-Aged Children Prior to and During the COVID-19 Pandemic.","authors":"Diane M Gibson","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2512324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2025.2512324","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine trends and disparities in vision screening among U.S. school-aged children prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used nationally representative data on children aged 6-17 years residing in U.S. households from the 2016, 2017, and 2021-2023 survey years of the National Survey of Children's Health.  A child was defined as having had their vision screened if their caregiver reported that in the past 2 years the child had their vision tested (2016 and 2017) or that they visited an eye doctor or received vision screening from a provider other than an eye doctor (2021-2023).  Descriptive statistics and linear regression models were used to examine trends in the prevalence of vision screening and to assess whether the association between vision screening and sociodemographic and contextual variables changed over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The weighted prevalence of vision screening in the past 2 years for U.S. school-aged children was 84.6% in 2016, 84.9% in 2017, 77.8% in 2021, 79.7% in 2022 and 79.6% in 2023. In regression models, lower household income, lower parental education, lack of health insurance, a primary household language other than English, not having a usual source of health care, and living in a state without vision screening requirements were associated with a significantly lower likelihood of vision screening. Screening disparities increased over time for children whose primary household language was not English or who were uninsured.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Public health interventions should be considered to reduce widening disparities in vision screening among U.S. school-age children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144226120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and Etiology of Strabismus in Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis with a Focus on Ethnic Differences in the Esotropia/Exotropia Ratio.","authors":"Christopher S von Bartheld, Avishay Chand, Lingchen Wang","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2500018","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2500018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>We sought to determine the prevalence of strabismus and the esotropia/exotropia ratio in Down syndrome. Wide ranges of an increased strabismus prevalence have been reported and it is unclear by how much esotropia exceeds exotropia in people with Down syndrome.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis results of over 100 studies that report the strabismus prevalence and ratio of esotropia/exotropia in cohorts of Down syndrome. We calculated the pooled global prevalence and established the geographical distribution of the strabismus prevalence and the esotropia/exotropia ratio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ethnically-adjusted global prevalence of strabismus in Down syndrome is 30.2%. In subjects 15 years and older, the global prevalence is 53.2%, and the lifetime prevalence is 51.0%. In populations which normally have more esotropia than exotropia (e.g. Caucasians), Down syndrome subjects have a further increased bias towards esotropia. In populations which normally have more exotropia (e.g. West Africans, Asians and Hispanics), Down syndrome subjects have a significantly lower esotropia/exotropia ratio (3.21) than reported in Caucasians with Down syndrome (9.98).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Worldwide, about 1.81 million people with Down syndrome have strabismus: 1.42 million of them have esotropia, and 0.37 million have exotropia. Differences in the esotropia/exotropia ratio between ethnicities point to the orbital anatomy as a major contributing factor to the etiology of strabismus in Down syndrome. The narrow-set eyes (reduced orbital width) in Down syndrome favor esotropia over exotropia, especially in Caucasians, thus explaining why Down syndrome patients from different ethnicities have different prevalences of esotropia and exotropia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144209027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Rates at Student-Run Clinics in the United States: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Nicholas Peoples, Dylan McBee, Shangzhi Xiong, Alexandra Alvarez, Emily Wang, Ashley Ricciardelli, Shiwei Wang, Dana L Clark, Tien Yin Wong","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2378778","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2378778","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"356-360"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Superior Laser Peripheral Iridotomy Confers Greater Risk of Negative Dysphotopsias than Temporal Laser Peripheral Iridotomy.","authors":"Kyra Singh, Roozbeh Akhtari, Arnold Prywes, Craig Marcus, Robert Rothman, Daniel Hayes, Allison Angelilli","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2390422","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2390422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI) is largely used as the first course of action to treat primary angle-closure (PAC). Previous literature has long been divided on the relationship between iridotomy position and dysphotopsia onset. The current study investigates whether there is a correlation between iridotomy position, temporal versus superior, and new onset post-operative dysphotopsia rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The project involves a retrospective chart review of 2,385 lasered eyes. Demographic data and iridotomy-specific data including laterality, iridotomy position, and new onset post- operative dysphotopsias were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 2385 eyes with LPIs, 217 (9.10%) experienced postoperative dysphotopsia. Superior and temporal LPIs were associated with total dysphotopsia rates of 11.20% and 8.01%, respectively. The percentage distribution of dysphotopsias among negative, positive, and non-specific categories were 2.81%, 4.99%, and 1.26%, respectively. Superior LPIs are associated with a greater risk of new onset dysphotopsia than temporal LPI (<i>p</i> = 0.0107), specifically negative dysphotopsia (<i>p</i> < 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with superior LPI were more likely to experience negative dysphotopsia onset than those with temporal LPI. Among negative dysphotopsias, positive dysphotopsias, and non-specific symptoms, only negative dysphotopsias were significantly impacted by iridotomy position. Results may influence providers to perform LPI temporally to prevent negative dysphotopsia. Further research into the etiology of dysphotopsia may elucidate further clinical decisions to protect patients from dysphotopsia onset.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"350-355"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progression in the Number of Cataract Surgeries in Brazil: 10 Years of Evolution.","authors":"Silvana Rossi, Priscilla A Jorge, Rafael Scherer, Newton Kara-Junior","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2378770","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2378770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to assess the frequency of cataract surgery in Brazil between 2010 and 2019 and determine the impact of public policies on preventing blindness, thereby providing evidence to conduct healthcare programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An analytical epidemiological approach was employed, which used data from public databases, specifically the Hospital Information System (SIH-SUS) and the Outpatient Information System (SIA-SUS). We focused on cataract surgeries conducted via phacoemulsification and extracapsular cataract extraction techniques between 2010 and 2019, mainly targeting senile cataracts within the Brazilian public health system. Data were analyzed on an annual basis and stratified by region. Trends over time were assessed using generalized additive models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A statistically significant upward trend in cataract surgeries was observed both nationally and within the South region (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Nationally, there was a 40.22% increase in surgeries between 2010 and 2019. Furthermore, the surgery rate per 1000 individuals aged ≥50 years varied across regions: nationally, it was 10.85, with rates of 9.23 in the Southeast, 13.86 in the Northeast, 9.23 in the South, 11.94 in the Midwest, and 14.2 in the North.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>All regions of the country, a satisfactory number of cataract surgeries were performed at some point. Only the Southern region demonstrated a notable upward trend in the number of cataract surgeries. Conversely, the remaining regions failed to sustain surgical performance, hindering consistent improvement in cataract-related conditions. To accurately gauge the prevalence of blindness in Brazil, it is crucial to examine the population growth among individuals aged ≥50 years.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"285-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Intraoperative Cataract Surgical Complications and Mortality.","authors":"Sophia Sidhu, Nathan C Grove, Jennifer L Patnaik, Anne M Lynch, Karen L Christopher","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2382155","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2382155","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the association between intraoperative complications of cataract surgery and postoperative mortality.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review of patients who underwent cataract surgery at our institution from 2014 to 2020 was conducted. Intraoperative complications included choroidal hemorrhage, posterior capsule rupture, vitreous loss, retained lens, and/or severe zonular dialysis in either eye. All-cause mortality statistics were obtained through a collaborative agreement with the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. Hazard ratios (HRs) from Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate survival following cataract surgery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8,054 patients, the mean follow-up time was 4.4 (SD = 2.3) years and the mortality rate was 15% (<i>n</i> = 1,175). The overall complication rate was 2.2% (<i>n</i> = 181), and the rate of retained lens was 0.7% (<i>n</i> = 58). In univariate analysis, retained lens (HR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.08-3.21, <i>p</i> = 0.026), severe zonular dialysis (HR: 2.00, 95% CI: 1.29-3.12, <i>p</i> = 0.002), and any intraoperative complication (HR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.09-2.11, <i>p</i> = 0.015) were associated with higher hazard of mortality. When adjusted for demographic factors, comorbid medical conditions, and pre-operative visual acuity, intraoperative complications were not associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Intraoperative cataract surgery complications were associated with mortality in univariate analysis. However, this association was not significant in the multivariable analysis as it is confounded by other factors such as pre-operative visual acuity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"334-340"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thirty-Year Trends in the Prevalence and Severity of Diabetic Retinopathy at the First Visit in Patients with Untreated Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Tetsuya Kubota, Kikue Todoroki-Mori, Masahiko Iwamoto, Toshiko Kobori, Takako Kikuchi, Tazu Tahara, Yukiko Onishi, Michihiro Araki, Masato Kasuga, Yoko Yoshida","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2383285","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2383285","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although the rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR)-related blindness has decreased in developed countries in recent years, the reasons for this decrease have remained unclear. The prevalence/severity trends of DR at the first visit in patients with untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients seen between the1986s and 2018s were assessed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 1979 Japanese T2DM patients diagnosed between 1986 and 2018 were divided into four groups by the decade of their first visit: the 1986 years (1986-1987), the 1996 years (1996-1997), the 2006 years (2006-2008), the 2016 years (2016-2018). The DR prevalence/severity trends were assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant decrease in the rate of prevalence of DR from the 1986s to 2016s was observed among previously untreated T2DM patients visiting our hospital for the first time (1986s: 25.5%; 1996s: 26.2%; 2006s: 22.2%; and 2016s: 15.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher in females (30.2%) than in males (21.3%). Although the severity trend of DR did not differ significantly among the four measurement years, the rate of simple DR was the highest in the 2016s.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found, for the first time, a significant decrease in the rate of prevalence of DR from the 1986s to 2016s in patients with untreated T2DM visiting our hospital for the first time. A decrease in the rate of DR prevalence could explain, at least in part, the observed reduction in the rate of blindness in patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"301-308"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Population-Based Incidence and Clinical Characteristics of Ocular Adnexal Tumors in Olmsted County, Minnesota.","authors":"Kenny Y Wang, Timothy T Xu, Mihai G Dumbrava, Kafayat A Oyemade, Johanny Lopez Dominguez, David O Hodge, Launia J White, Andrea A Tooley, Lauren A Dalvin","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2379971","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2379971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of ocular adnexaltumors in Olmsted County, Minnesota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective population-based cohort study of all patients residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota diagnosed with any ocular tumor from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2015. The medical records of all patients with an incident diagnosis of any ocular adnexal tumor were reviewed using the Rochester Epidemiology Project medical record linkage system for patient demographics, tumor type, and histopathologic confirmation. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years. Poisson regression analysis was used to analyze changes in incidence over time.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 717 patients diagnosed with ocular adnexal tumors during the 10-year study period, yielding an age- and sex-adjusted incidence rate of 59.7 per 100,000 (95% CI 55.4 to 64.0, <i>p</i> < 0.05) per year. In total, 764 tumors were diagnosed. Most tumors were eyelid lesions (<i>N</i> = 756, 99.0%), which were mostly benign (<i>N</i> = 512, 67.8%) with epidermal inclusion cysts (<i>N</i> = 275, 36.0%), hidrocystoma (<i>N</i> = 70, 9.2%), and eyelid sebaceous cysts (<i>N</i> = 46, 6.1%) accounting for the majority. Malignant eyelid lesions (<i>N</i> = 244, 31.9%) were relatively common with basal cell carcinoma (<i>N</i> = 184, 24.1%) and squamous cell carcinoma (<i>N</i> = 49, 6.4%) having the highest frequencies. Orbital tumors (<i>N</i> = 8, 1.0%) were infrequent. Of the orbital tumors, the most common was lacrimal gland adenoidcystic carcinoma (<i>N</i> = 2, 25.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a population-based setting, most ocular adnexal tumors were benign eyelid lesions. Understanding the epidemiology of ocular adnexal tumors is important to aid providers in diagnosing and facilitating appropriate referrals of potentially vision- and life-threatening malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"326-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11868454/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142110493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}