Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of Trachoma in Four Evaluation Units in Yemen after Implementation of Trachoma Elimination Measures.","authors":"Tawfik Al-Khateeb, Sami Al-Haidari, Robert Butcher, Anusha Rajamani, Mohammed Abdu Khalid Mahdy, Cristina Jimenez, Michael Dejene, Sarah Boyd, Ana Bakhtiari, Anthony W Solomon, Adnan Thabit, Emma M Harding-Esch, Rasheed Al-Shami","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2180805","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2180805","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In baseline trachoma prevalence surveys, six districts in two governorates of Yemen were identified as requiring interventions. We set out to estimate the prevalence of trachoma 6-12 months after one round of antibiotic mass drug administration (MDA) and implementation of measures to encourage facial cleanliness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A population-based prevalence survey was conducted in each of the four evaluation units in October 2019. Contemporary World Health Organization recommendations for trachoma surveys were followed. Participants were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling process. The prevalence of inflammatory and late-stage trachoma was measured through eye examination. Water, sanitation, and hygiene facility access among visited households was estimated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of trachomatous inflammation-,follicular (TF) in 1-9-year-olds per EU was <5.0% in three EUs (Al Mighlaf, Al Munirah, and As Salif; Az Zaydiyah; and Mudhaykhirah districts) and 5.0-9.9% in one EU (Far Al Udayn District). The prevalence of TT unknown to the health system in ≥15-year-olds per EU was <0.2% in all four EUs. Per EU, the proportion of households with an improved drinking water source ranged from 40% to 100%; access to an improved drinking water source within 30-minute return journey of the household ranged from 45% to 100%; and with an improved latrine ranged from 32% to 83%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>An additional round of antibiotic MDA should be administered in Far Al Udayn district before it is resurveyed. In the other surveyed districts, pre-validation surveillance surveys should be conducted in 2 years' time to determine if the TF prevalence <5% has been maintained.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"509-517"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9414644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty-Three Population-Based Trachoma Prevalence Surveys in the Central and Northern Regions of Benin, 2018-2022.","authors":"Amadou Alfa Bio Issifou, Aboudou Dare, Gracia Adjinacou Badou, Emma M Harding-Esch, Anthony W Solomon, Ana Bakhtiari, Sarah Boyd, Cristina Jimenez, Anna Harte, Clara R Burgert-Brucker, Franck Roland Sintondji, Nissou Inès Dossa, N'Koué Tatchienta Nekoua M'Po, Wilfrid Batcho","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2265796","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2265796","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Trachoma is an infectious eye disease caused by <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>. Infection causes conjunctival inflammation, which can be manifested by the sign known as trachomatous inflammation-follicular (TF). Repeated inflammation leads to eyelid scarring, which in susceptible individuals can cause in-turning of the eyelashes, referred to as trachomatous trichiasis (TT). This article describes 23 population-based surveys conducted in northern and central Benin to determine TF and/or TT prevalence for trachoma elimination purposes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 18 surveys estimated the prevalence of both TF and TT: two baseline surveys, eight impact surveys after implementation of interventions against trachoma, and eight surveillance surveys. Five other evaluation units (EUs) were surveyed for TT only. To estimate the TF prevalence, a target sample size of 1701 (baseline) and 1164 1-9-year-olds (impact and surveillance) was required, whereas 2818 ≥ 15-year-olds were required to estimate the less prevalent TT. In each EU, individuals were selected by two-stage cluster sampling and examined by certified graders for TF and/or TT.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 68,613 people were examined. TF prevalence estimates were under the 5% elimination threshold in all surveys. TT prevalence estimates were above the 0.2% elimination threshold in all five TT-only surveys and in four impact surveys, ranging from 0.2-0.57.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TF prevalence in Benin is low, but TT was above 0.2% in nine districts. Increased case-finding and continuing efforts to improve surgery accessibility will be needed to reduce the burden of TT in Benin.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"498-508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138461372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Trachoma After Three Rounds of Antibiotic Mass Drug Administration in 13 Woredas of Gambella Region, Ethiopia.","authors":"Addisu Alemayehu, Ademe Mekonen, Belete Mengistu, Addisalem Mihret, Aemiro Asmare, Ana Bakhtiari, Bekele Mengistu, Cristina Jimenez, Demis Kebede, Doul Bol, Fentahun Tadesse, Fikreab Kebede, Genet Gebru, Hannah Frawley, Jeremiah Ngondi, Mohammed Jemal, Molly Brady, Nebiyu Negussu, Robert Butcher, Scott McPherson, Sharone Backers, Anthony W Solomon, Michael Dejene Bejiga, Emma M Harding-Esch","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2248624","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2248624","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Following baseline surveys in 2013 and 2014, trachoma elimination interventions, including three rounds of azithromycin mass drug administration (MDA), were implemented in 13 woredas (administrative districts) of Gambella Regional State, Ethiopia. We conducted impact surveys to determine if elimination thresholds have been met or if additional interventions are required.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional population-based surveys were conducted in 13 woredas of Gambella Regional State, combined into five evaluation units (EUs), 6─12 months after their last MDA round. A two-stage systematic (first stage) and random (second stage) sampling technique was used. WHO-recommended protocols were implemented with the support of Tropical Data. Household water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) access was assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The age-adjusted prevalence of trachomatous inflammation - follicular (TF) in 1-9-year-olds in the five EUs ranged from 0.3-19.2%, representing a general decline in TF prevalence compared to baseline estimates. The age- and gender-adjusted prevalence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) unknown to the health system in those aged ≥ 15 years ranged from 0.47-3.08%. Of households surveyed, 44% had access to an improved drinking water source within a 30-minute return journey of the house, but only 3% had access to an improved latrine.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In two EUs, no further MDA should be delivered, and a surveillance survey should be conducted after two years without MDA. In one EU, one further round of MDA should be conducted followed by another impact survey. In two EUs, three further MDA rounds are required. Surgery, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement interventions are needed throughout the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"568-576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138461371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Trachoma Among Underserved Population of India: Results from the National Trachoma Rapid Assessment Survey 2014-17.","authors":"Praveen Vashist, Souvik Manna, Suraj Singh Senjam, Vivek Gupta, Noopur Gupta, Meenakshi Wadhwani, Sumit Grover, Amit Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2232036","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2023.2232036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine the burden of trachoma and its related risk factors among the underserved population of sixteen states/union territories (UTs) in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Trachoma rapid assessment (TRA) was conducted in seventeen Enumeration Units (EUs) spanning sixteen states/UTs in India according to standard WHO guidelines. A total of ten clusters were selected in each EU and 50 children aged 1-9 years were assessed clinically for signs of active trachoma and facial cleanliness in each cluster. Additionally, all adults aged 15 years and above in the same households were examined for evidence of trachomatous trichiasis (TT) and corneal opacity. Environmental risk factors contributing to trachoma were also noted in all households.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 766 districts in India, seventeen EUs were selected for TRA depending on evidence of socio-developmental indicators like poverty and suboptimal access to water, sanitation, and healthcare facilities. The total population of the selected clusters was 21,774 in the 17 EUs. Overall, 104 of 8807 children (1.2%; CI: 0.9-1.4) had evidence of follicular or inflammatory stages of trachoma. Nearly 16.6% (CI:15.8-17.4) children were noted to have unclean faces in the 170 clusters. Trichiasis was noted in 19 adults (2.1 per 1000; CI:1.2-3.2 per 1000). Environmental sanitation was found to be unsatisfactory in two-thirds (67.8%) of the surveyed households in the clusters mainly due to improper garbage disposal.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Active trachoma was not a public health problem in any of the EUs surveyed. However, burden of TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in two EUs; hence, further public health interventions like trichiasis surgery were recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"553-560"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9812069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Trends in Prevalence of Blindness Caused by Refraction Disorders in China from 1990 to 2019 and Its Predictions: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.","authors":"Qingying Yao, Bo Jiang, Jie Wu, Gaoqin Liu, Peirong Lu","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2407900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2407900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To examine the burden of blindness caused by refraction disorders (BCRD) in China over the past 30 years by year, age, and sex, and to estimate future projections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) 2019 database were used to analyze the number of cases and age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPRs) of BCRD in China from 1990 to 2019. We focused on changes over time using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs). In addition, we performed the Nordpred analysis and the Bayesian Age-Period-Cohort (BAPC) model with integrated nested Laplace approximations to predict the BCRD burden from 2020 to 2034.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of prevalent cases due to BCRD increased from 750,956.7 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 636,381.24-872,040.62) in 1990 to 1,145,881.76 (95% UI 931,966.43-1,342,338.18) in 2019. The ASPRs of BCRD showed a decreasing trend, with EAPCs of -0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI] -0.81-0.36). The older and female populations had a higher BCRD burden. The number of prevalent cases due to BCRD is projected to continue to increase from 1.33 million in 2020 to 1.86 million in 2034. The ASPR also showed an increasing trend over the next 15 years.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over the past three decades, the prevalence of BCRD in China has improved in both sexes and will continue to increase in the next 15 years. This study highlights the importance of prevention of BCRD, especially for women and the elderly.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refractive Profiles in Children Receiving School-Based Eye Exams Following Vision Screening from a Large School-Based Vision Program in 2016 to 2022.","authors":"Andrew M Nguyen, Xinxing Guo, Xi Daisy Dai, Medha Kallem, David S Friedman, Nick Kourgialis, Michael X Repka, Megan E Collins","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2422351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2422351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To describe refractive error findings and associated factors in students who received school-based eye exams following vision screenings.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study of pre-kindergarten through 12^th grade students who failed vision screening and underwent a school-based eye exam in the Northeast region of the United States during 2016-2022. Non-cycloplegic autorefraction and visual acuity measurements were used to categorize refractive error by type and severity. Main outcomes included any refractive error (at least -0.50D myopia, +0.50 hyperopia, 1.00D astigmatism, or 1.00D anisometropia), clinically significant refractive error (CSRE; more severe refractive error with decreased vision), and refractive amblyopia risk (RAR). Multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine student- and school-level characteristics associated with refractive error outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 103,159 included students who failed screening, 95,875 (92.9%) were analyzed. Overall prevalence of any refractive error was 94.2%, with 81.7% having CSRE. Pre-kindergarten & kindergarten students had the highest prevalence of CSRE (85.7%), which dropped to 77.0% by 3^rd and 4^th grade before rising with each higher grade level thereafter. Prevalence of RAR was 60.9% overall and highest in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten students (73.8%). Myopia was the most prevalent refractive error, followed by astigmatism, anisometropia, then hyperopia. The odds of hyperopia, astigmatism, and anisometropia decreased with higher grade level.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Over 80% of students who failed vision screening at a large school-based vision program had CSRE, and over 60% had RAR. Pre-kindergarten and kindergarten students had an especially high prevalence of RAR. Refractive error remained common in every grade level.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in Healthcare Access for Adults with Self-Reported Vision Difficulty - Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2019-2021.","authors":"Chidinma Onukwugha, Franz Castro, Bonnielin K Swenor, Varshini Varadaraj","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2407905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2407905","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Identifying barriers experienced by individuals with vision difficulty (VD) in accessing healthcare is crucial to inform public health policies to provide equitable healthcare. We examined the association between VD with healthcare access measures in the United States (U.S.).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data on 1,258,919 participants surveyed from the 2019, 2020, and 2021 cycles of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), a national telephone-based survey of U.S. adults ≥ 18 years. The following outcome of healthcare access were examined: no healthcare coverage, no healthcare provider, >1 year since last checkup, inability to afford healthcare. VD was self-reported blindness/serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses. Survey-weighted, multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the relationship between VD and the outcomes of interest, adjusting for confounders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 1,258,919 participants surveyed from 2019 to 2021, 5.1% reported having VD. Adjusted models showed that adults with VD had greater odds of having no healthcare coverage (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04-1.24), no provider (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.05-1.20), a health checkup > 1 year ago (OR = 1.12; 95% CI = 1.04-1.21), and of being unable to afford care (OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.52-1.73).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adults reporting VD faced more barriers accessing healthcare. These disparities could be explained by a differential distribution of social determinants of health, lack of accessibility of medical facilities and communication barriers. Policies aimed at strengthening provisions around accessibility of healthcare facilities might result in increased access to healthcare for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Analysis of Telomere Length and Vision in a Large Community-Based Survey.","authors":"Bing Zhang, Yune Zhao","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2422349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2422349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate whether there is a direct, age-independent association between telomere length and visual acuity decline in a large community-based cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants older than 40 with linked leukocyte telomere length (LTL) were enrolled in NHANES. LTL was assayed using qPCR from the participants' blood samples. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the better-seeing eye was analyzed, with visual impairment (VI) defined as BCVA ≥ 20/40. LTL was grouped into quartiles, and its association with BCVA and VI was evaluated after adjusting for covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 4,480 enrolled participants, the weighted means of age, BCVA, and telomere length were 56.1 ± 11.9 years, 0.05 ± 0.08 logMAR, and 5,662 ± 36 base pairs, respectively. The proportion of VI was 2.6%. After adjusting for covariates including sex, ethnicity, education, family poverty income ratio, general health status, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, and body mass index, BCVA was significantly worse in participants with shorter LTL, with a significant trend (<i>p</i> = 0.002). However, after further adjusting for age, the association between LTL and BCVA was no longer significant, without a trend (<i>p</i> = 0.640). No significant association or trend between LTL and VI was found in the stepwise logistic model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>No age-independent association between LTL and BCVA was found. Our study indicates LTL may not serve as a biomarker for age-related visual acuity decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy in Urban India: Sankara Nethralaya Diabetic Retinopathy Epidemiology and Molecular Genetics Study, 15yr Follow up.","authors":"Keerthana Raghu, Janani Surya R, Padmaja Kumari Rani, Tarun Sharma, Rajiv Raman","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2419015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2419015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b><i>Purpose</i>:</b> To evaluate the 15 year incidence and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) and identify risk factors among Indian population.<b><i>Methods</i>:</b> From a cross-sectional study of 1425 subjects, 911 participants took part in the 4-year follow-up. Out of these 911 participants, 140 returned for the 15-year follow-up, with baseline examinations conducted between 2003 and 2006, and subsequent follow-ups occurring from 2007 to 2011 and the current 15-year follow-up from 2018 to 2021. Of the 140 participants, 112 were eligible for analysis after excluding individuals with ungradable fundus photographs.<b><i>Results</i>:</b> The 15-year incidence of any diabetic retinopathy (DR) was 5%, with mild NPDR and moderate NPDR at 1.57% and 2.7%, respectively. Proliferative DR was observed in 0.71% of cases, while diabetic macular edema (DME) and sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (STDR) rates were 0.48% and 1.10%, respectively. Age-standardized rates revealed a significant association with increasing age and incident any DR and STDR. DR progression over 15 years included 7.5% one-step and 1.75% two-step progressions, while regression was limited to 1.75% one-step regression. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed that baseline duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c levels, and the presence of anemia influenced the incidence of any DR, DME, and STDR. Smoking and higher HbA1c were identified as risk factors for one-step progression of DR.<b><i>Conclusion</i>:</b> This study provides crucial insights into the long-term incidence, progression, and regression of DR among individuals with Type 2 diabetes in India.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decomposition of Economic Inequality in Age-Related Macular Degeneration by Using Oaxaca-Blinder Decomposition: Tehran Geriatric Eye Study.","authors":"Hassan Hashemi, Reza Pakzad, Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim, Alireza Hashemi, Mehdi Khabazkhoob","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2415047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2024.2415047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate economic inequality in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and decompose it into its determinants using Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition (OBD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Tehran Geriatric Eye Study was a cross-sectional study conducted on individuals aged 60 years and older, utilizing stratified random cluster sampling. Each participant received a comprehensive optometric, and slit-lamp examination. Diagnosis and classification of AMD were conducted utilizing fundus camera images.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data of the 3268 participants were analyzed. According to OBD, a significant difference was found in AMD between the rich and poor groups (8.36%) disfavoring the poor (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The explained and unexplained portions comprised 93.37% and 6.63% of the difference (<i>p</i> < 0.001 and <i>p</i> = 0.405, respectively). Among study variables, age (coefficient = 4.70; <i>p</i> < 0.001), economic status (coefficient = 3.58; <i>p</i> = 0.004), and myopia (coefficient = 0.73; <i>p</i> = 0.001) were significant determinants of inequality in the explained portion.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A significant disparity in the prevalence of AMD was observed between individuals of different socioeconomic statuses, primarily attributed to the explained factors. Factors such as age, economic status, and myopia were found to have the most substantial impact in exacerbating the inequality that disadvantaged the poor group (contributing percentages: 52.17%, 39.73%, and 8.10%, respectively). The findings of this research can be valuable for health policymakers in prioritizing and addressing the determinants of inequality within the population.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142625166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}