Ophthalmic epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Association Between Multimorbidity and Presence of Diagnosed Vision Problems Among the Middle-Aged and Older Population in India.","authors":"Trupti Meher, T Muhammad, Waquar Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2384061","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2384061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of diagnosed vision problems and to examine the association of single and multiple chronic conditions with vision problems among middle-aged and older adults in India.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study utilized data from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1, (2017-18). Descriptive statistics along with bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to achieve the study objectives.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of diagnosed vision problems in the sampled population was 48.2%. The older adults (60+ years) (55.3%) had shown a greater prevalence of vision problems than the middle-aged individuals (41%). Among chronic conditions, hypertension, diabetes, chronic lung diseases, chronic heart diseases, bone related diseases, psychiatric disorders, and high cholesterol were significantly associated with vision problems in the case of both middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, odds of experiencing vision problems according to the presence of multimorbidity were higher in the middle-aged population [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.986; confidence interval (CI):1.855-2.126] than in the older population [AOR = 1.746; CI:1.644-1.854].</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Middle-aged and older adults with chronic illnesses and multimorbidity were at greater risk of vision problems. Due to the high prevalence of vision problem, interventions aimed at prevention or early detection are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"309-317"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Sleep Health of Individuals with Visual Impairments: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Soyoung Choi, Grace Kim, J J Pionke","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2361167","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2361167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Amidst the global aging population and an increasing prevalence of visual impairment across all age groups, this study aims to investigate the current state of research on sleep health in visually impaired populations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted to synthesize the existing literature on sleep health and visual impairment. We employed conceptual mapping to identify key research topics, analyzing data from four databases: PubMed (<i>n</i> = 290), CINAHL (<i>n</i> = 81), Scopus (<i>n</i> = 117), and PsycInfo (<i>n</i> = 96). A total of 83 peer-reviewed articles, published from 1977 to August 2023, were included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis identified 11 distinct eye health conditions including blindness, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, low vision, cataract, retinitis pigmentosa, macular degeneration, optic neuropathy, visual field defects, ocular hypertension, and retinal vein occlusion. Additionally, 8 major sleep problems were recognized: abnormal sleep duration, daytime sleepiness, insomnia, Non-24-Hour Sleep Wake Disorder, sleep apnea, sleep disorders, sleep disturbances, and sleep disordered breathing. The dominant research themes were (1) poor sleep quality in individuals with visual impairments and ophthalmic diseases, (2) high prevalence of sleep issues in patients with ophthalmic diseases, (3) sleep apnea in patients with ophthalmic conditions, and (4) circadian rhythm disruptions in blind individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights research gaps that, when addressed, could greatly enhance our comprehension of the interplay between visual impairment and sleep health. Bridging these gaps promises to lead to more holistic care strategies, potentially improving vision functioning and rehabilitation outcomes for individuals with visual impairments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"259-277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141311342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Gaps in Medical Insurance Coverage with Vision Care Benefits Among US Adults.","authors":"Mufida Muhammad, Johnny Vang, Dmitry Tumin","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2378757","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2378757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the US, routine vision care and medical services are often covered by separate insurance plans. Unmet needs for vision care are more common among adults with gaps in medical coverage, but it is unclear how gaps in medical coverage correlate with lack of vision benefits among currently insured adults. We hypothesized that gaps in medical coverage in the past 12 months would be associated with lack of coverage for vision care among US adults currently covered by commercial medical insurance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We included adults age 18-65 with private insurance who participated in the 2019-2022 National Health Interview Survey. The primary outcome was any coverage for vision care services, and the secondary outcome was a source of vision coverage (primary health insurance policy as compared to single-service plans only).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Based on a sample of 50,000 participants, we estimated 4% of commercially insured adults recently experienced coverage gaps, and 75% had coverage for vision care services. On multivariable analysis, commercially insured adults with recent gaps in medical coverage were more likely to lack coverage for vision care at the time of the survey, compared to adults with continuous medical coverage (odds ratio [OR], 0.77; 95% CI: 0.68, 0.86). However, medical coverage gaps were not associated with source of vision care coverage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gaps in medical insurance coverage were associated with lower likelihood of vision care coverage compared to continuous medical coverage. Protecting continuity of health insurance may support access to vision benefits and reduce gaps in routine vision care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"278-284"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Addressing Retinopathy of Prematurity in Rwanda.","authors":"Connor J Alder, Francis Mutangana, Victoria Phillips, Edmund R Becker, Neil S Fleming, Sherwin J Isenberg, Scott R Lambert, Tahvi D Frank","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2372803","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2372803","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>With the expansion of neonatal care in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), an increasing number of premature babies are at risk to develop retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Previous studies have quantified the cost-effectiveness of addressing ROP in middle-income countries, but few have focused on SSA. This study estimates the cost of a national program for ROP screening and anti-VEGF injection treatment in Rwanda compared to the status quo.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical cost data were collected from King Faisal Hospital in Rwanda (July 2022). Societal burden of vision loss included lost productivity and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). Published data on epidemiology and natural history of ROP were used to estimate burden and sequelae of ROP in Rwanda. Cost of a national program for screening and treating a one-year birth cohort was compared to the status quo using a decision analysis model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cost of ROP screening and treatment was $738 per infant. The estimated equipment cost necessary for the startup of a national program was $58,667. We projected that a national program could avert 257 cases of blindness in the cohort and increase QALYs compared to the status quo. Screening and treatment for ROP would save an estimated $270,000 for the birth cohort from reductions in lost productivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cost of screening and anti-VEGF treatment for ROP is substantially less than the indirect cost of vision loss due to ROP. Allocating additional funding towards expansion of ROP screening and treatment is cost-saving from a societal perspective compared to current practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"341-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place Orders on Visual Outcomes of Ophthalmic Surgical Emergencies.","authors":"Rebecca I Chen, Elizabeth A Vanner, Ta Chen Chang","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2384067","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2384067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare the outcomes of ophthalmic surgical emergencies during shelter-in-place (SIP) order with the corresponding period in 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study compared patients presenting to the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute (BPEI) emergency department (ED) who underwent urgent surgery during the SIP period (March 23-May 17, 2020), compared to the same weeks in 2019 (non-SIP). Main outcome measures included symptom-to-ED time, ED-to-surgical decision time, surgical decision-to-operating room (OR) time, ED-to-OR time, and postoperative follow-up time. Secondary outcome measures included travel distance, visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and number of glaucoma medications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy-six and 148 patients presented with ophthalmic surgical emergencies in the SIP and non-SIP study periods, respectively. Retinal detachment (RD), acute glaucoma, and open globe injury were the most common diagnoses in both periods. Symptom-to-ED and surgical decision-to-OR times were shorter during the SIP period. SIP patients had comparable preoperative VA but worse postoperative VA compared to non-SIP patients. During the SIP period, RD patients experienced postoperative VA reduction rather than improvement (+0.09 vs. -0.23 logMAR, <i>p</i> = 0.03); glaucoma patients were less likely to reach surgical decision within 24 h (OR 0.16 [95% CI 0.03-0.95]); and globe injuries had longer ED-to-surgical decision time and ED-to-OR time compared to the non-SIP period. Other outcomes were similar between both study periods.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was reduced volume of ophthalmic surgical emergencies and worse postoperative vision during SIP compared to the non-SIP period, despite shorter symptom-to-ED and surgical decision-to-OR times suggesting minimal delays in seeking or receiving care.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"318-325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806073/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status, Hotspots, and Prospects of Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: A Bibliometric Analysis (2003-2023).","authors":"Jie Deng, YuHui Qin","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2373956","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09286586.2024.2373956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Artificial intelligence (AI) has gained significant attention in ophthalmology. This paper reviews, classifies, and summarizes the research literature in this field and aims to provide readers with a detailed understanding of the current status and future directions, laying a solid foundation for further research and decision-making.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Literature was retrieved from the Web of Science database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and the R package Bibliometrix.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 3,377 publications from 4,035 institutions in 98 countries. China and the United States had the most publications. Sun Yat-sen University is a leading institution. Translational Vision Science & Technology\"published the most articles, while \"Ophthalmology\" had the most co-citations. Among 13,145 researchers, Ting DSW had the most publications and citations. Keywords included \"Deep learning,\" \"Diabetic retinopathy,\" \"Machine learning,\" and others.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the promising prospects of AI in ophthalmology. Automated eye disease screening, particularly its core technology of retinal image segmentation and recognition, has become a research hotspot. AI is also expanding to complex areas like surgical assistance, predictive models. Multimodal AI, Generative Adversarial Networks, and ChatGPT have driven further technological innovation. However, implementing AI in ophthalmology also faces many challenges, including technical, regulatory, and ethical issues, and others. As these challenges are overcome, we anticipate more innovative applications, paving the way for more effective and safer eye disease treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"245-258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141988552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vision Loss in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2020: Magnitude and Temporal Trends.","authors":"Vision Loss Expert Group Of The Global Burden Of Disease Study, The Gbd Blindness And Vision Impairment Collaborators","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2464168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2025.2464168","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of vision loss for 2020 in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and analyse evolving trends since 1990.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A meta-analysis using hierarchical models of 37 sources of 33 cross-sectional, population-representative studies from LAC from 1998 to 2018 was undertaken to determine the prevalence of blindness, moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI), and mild vision impairment (mild VI), with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2020, the age-standardised prevalence rates of blindness, MSVI, moderate vision impairment (VI), severe VI, and mild VI, were 0.51% (95% UI 0.44%-0.57%), 3.73% (95% UI 3.38%-4.08%), 3.35% (95% UI 3.00%-3.69%), 0.38% (95% UI 0.34%-0.43%), and 3.19% (95% UI 2.87%-3.53%), respectively. In 1990, there were 15.81 million people with blindness and MSVI in LAC, contributing to 8.66% of the global caseload. In 2020, there were 30.42 million people, including 3.82 million (95% UI 3.14-4.55 million) with blindness and 26.6 million (95% UI 23.08-30.3 million) with MSVI, who contributed to 8.99% of the global caseload.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The contribution of vision loss to the overall global burden from LAC has increased over the last 3 decades, and the numbers of people affected with blindness and VI reported throughout the region have also steadily increased. There needs to be greater attention to providing universal eye health coverage across the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144143075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-Month Interim Analyses of Repeated Low-Level Red-Light Therapy in Myopia Control in Schoolchildren: A Pilot Multi-Ethnic Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Nelofar Deen, Zhuoting Zhu, Ziyi Qi, Yuri Yin-Moe Aung, Gabriella Bulloch, Di Miao, Mingguang He","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2500020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2025.2500020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To assess the efficacy and safety of repeated low-level red-light (RLRL) therapy in controlling myopia progression among multi-ethnic school-aged children. This report focuses on interim three-month data analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A multi-ethnic, parallel controlled randomized trial. Thirty-four children aged 8-13 years with myopia were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned to the RLRL group (<i>n</i> = 17) or the single-vision spectacles (SVS) control group (<i>n</i> = 17). RLRL therapy was administered twice daily on weekdays for three-minute sessions, while the SVS group continued routine activities. Assessments were scheduled at baseline and follow-up visits at one, three, six and 12 months, with compliance monitoring and safety assessments throughout. Respectively the primary outcome and a key secondary outcome are axial length (AL) change and cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) change.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 32 (94.1%) participated in the three-month follow-up visit. The RLRL group demonstrated a significant shortening in AL ( - 0.06   ±   0.05 mm) compared to the SVS group (0.02   ±   0.06 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Similarly, the RLRL group demonstrated a reversal in SE (0.23   ±   0.18 D), whereas the SVS group exhibited a smaller increase (0.04   ±   0.43 D). No severe adverse events were reported in either of the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The three-month interim analysis shows that RLRL therapy effectively controls myopia progression among multi-ethnic children without safety concerns, suggesting its potential as a globally applicable solution for myopia control.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144094492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Vision Loss in High-Income Countries and in Eastern and Central Europe in 2020: Magnitude and Temporal Trends.","authors":"","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2486461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2025.2486461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To estimate the prevalence of vision loss for 2020 in high-income countries (HICs) and Central/Eastern Europe and analyse evolving trends since 1990.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Based on a systematic review of medical literature, prevalence of blindness, moderate and severe vision impairment (MSVI), mild vision impairment (VI), moderate VI and presbyopia were estimated for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 68 population-based studies. In the whole study region, the age-standardized prevalence (all ages) of blindness, MSVI, moderate VI, severe VI, mild VI, and presbyopia-related VI was 0.17% (95% CI:0.15-0.19), 2.27% (2.05-2.49), 2.06% (1.84-2.29), 0.21% (0.18-0.23), 1.79% (1.62-1.99), and 2.61% (1.88-3.48) respectively, with slightly higher rates for women than men. The prevalence rates were higher in Central/Eastern Europe than in the HIC, and lower than the global rates. Stratified between Australasia, high-income Asia Pacific region, high-income North America, Western Europe, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe, the age-standardized prevalence of blindness changed between 2000 and 2020 for men aged 50+ years by -7.95% (-8.11/-7.78), -14.51% (-14.64/-14.38), +13.18% (+13.00/+13.36), -12.07% (-12.23/-11.91), -14.39% (-14.54/-14.23), and -23.59% (-23.72/-23.46), respectively, without significant sex-related differences. Highest increase was in high-income North America (+13.18% (+13.00/+13.36)) and most marked reduction in Eastern Europe (-23.59% (-23.72/-23.46)). Estimated blind individuals were stratified as follows: Australasia, 68,866 (54,913-84,527), high-income Asia Pacific region, 535,124 (439,912-640,330), high-income North America, 711,990 (575,977-867,402), Western Europe, 1,533,752 (1,218,371-1,898,343), Central Europe, 327,352 (264,513-398,083) and Eastern Europe, 789,618 (663,130-923,121).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age-standardized prevalence of blindness and MSVI have further decreased in HIC and Eastern/Central Europe (except for high-income North America with an increase).</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144078708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Cataract Surgery in the Nationwide All of Us Cohort.","authors":"Karen S Fernandez, Rohith Ravindranath, Sophia Y Wang","doi":"10.1080/09286586.2025.2500017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09286586.2025.2500017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Cataracts are a leading cause of blindness treatable with surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the association between cataract surgery and race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and other factors related to social determinants of health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 37,204 participants with at least one cataract diagnosis were included in this study from the All of Us Research Program using electronic health records and self-reported surveys. Kaplan-Meier and Cox models assessed risk factors for cataract surgery, while summary statistics showed surgery rates by age, race, and gender. The primary outcome was cataract surgery, identified by Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the included participants, 19.8% (<i>N</i> = 7,363) underwent cataract surgery. The overall cataract surgery rate for this cohort was 30.6 per 1000 person-years and was significantly higher for persons who were 70-79 years old (58.5 per 100 persons-years), male (31.8 per 1000 person-years), or Hispanic (39.0 per 100 person-years). Non-Hispanic Black participants had the lowest cataract surgery rate (24.4 per 1000 person-years). Cox models demonstrated an increased hazard of undergoing cataract surgery among Hispanic participants (adjusted HR 1.31; 95% CI [1.21, 1.42]) compared to non-Hispanic White participants. A decreased hazard for undergoing cataract surgery was observed for non-Hispanic Black participants (adjusted HR 0.88, 95% CI [0.81,0.95]) compared to non-Hispanic White participants.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Age, race/ethnicity, and sex were significantly associated with time from cataract diagnosis to first cataract surgery. These findings highlight barriers and disparities in cataract surgery, emphasizing the need for interventions to promote health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19607,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmic epidemiology","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144037587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}