Ophthalmologica最新文献

{"title":"Clinical Experience of Two Sutureless Intrascleral Fixation Techniques for Secondary Intraocular Lens Implantation.","authors":"Kai Januschowski, Annekatrin Rickmann, Karl T Boden, Gregor V Ehrlich-Treuenstätt, Philip Wakili, Lukas Bisorca-Gassendorf","doi":"10.1159/000532065","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000532065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of the modified Carlevale intraocular lens (IOL) fixation technique, using two different vitrectomy ports (23- vs. 27-gauge) as anchor fixation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective, consecutive study of 282 eyes (282 patients) who underwent a secondary IOL implantation using the Carlevale IOL (Soleko IOL Division, Italy) with two anchor haptics for intrascleral implantation with either 23- or 27-gauge (G) port.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Transient post-operative ocular hypotonia (intraocular pressure ≤5 mm Hg) was observed less in the 27-G group (13 vs. 4 patients, p = 0.057) three requiring additional tunnel sutures (2 cases for 23-G; 1 case 27-G). Post-operative vitreous haemorrhage was recorded more often in the 23-G group (8 vs. 1 patient, p = 0.034), but all cases in both groups resolved without intervention. Visual acuity did improve post-operatively in the two groups. No post-operative complications such as retinal detachment, endophthalmitis, and IOL-dislocation tilt were observed in the follow-up.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The 27-G modified technique for sutureless intrascleral implantation is simple and effective and causes less post-operative hypotony.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10121611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Workup of Retinal Vasculitis: An Algorithmic Approach.","authors":"Atul Arora, Manisha Agarwal, Nicholas Chieh Loh, Hind Amin, Nitin Kumar Menia, Rupesh Agrawal, Vishali Gupta","doi":"10.1159/000541149","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinal vasculitis has heterogeneous etiologies encompassing infections, autoimmune diseases, masquerades, and idiopathic causes. The heterogeneity in the underlying clinical features and etiologies of retinal vasculitis makes its diagnosis challenging for clinicians, the workup thus becomes quite extensive, and many a times several unwarranted investigations are done to look for a possible etiology.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective management and vision preservation. The algorithmic approach needs understanding of the phenotype, clinical features, as well as imaging biomarkers so that only customized investigations are done in order to make the timely diagnosis and initiate specific therapy wherever required.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>In this review article, we shall present an algorithmic approach that combines clinical assessment, ophthalmic imaging, laboratory investigations, and targeted ancillary tests.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"280-292"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142140718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pars Plana Vitrectomy with or without Internal Limiting Membrane Peel for Epiretinal Membrane: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Andrew Mihalache, Ryan S Huang, Haleema Ahmed, Nikhil S Patil, Marko M Popovic, Peter J Kertes, Rajeev H Muni","doi":"10.1159/000534851","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000534851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The safety and effectiveness of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling remains poorly understood for the treatment of epiretinal membrane (ERM).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Our study aims to compare the safety and effectiveness of PPV with and without ILM peeling for ERM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search was conducted on Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar from January 2000 to January 2023 for comparative studies reporting visual and anatomical outcomes for patients with ERM that received PPV with or without ILM peeling. Primary outcomes included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at last study observation and change in BCVA from baseline. Secondary outcomes included retinal thickness (RT) at last study observation, change in RT from baseline, risk of ERM recurrence, and adverse events. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Risk of bias of randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool of observational studies using the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies of Interventions-I tool. The certainty of evidence of outcomes was evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nineteen studies reporting on 1,291 eyes at baseline were included. PPV with and without ILM peel achieved a similar BCVA at last study observation (p = 0.68) and change in BCVA from baseline (p = 0.79). These findings remained consistent irrespective of whether simultaneous phacoemulsification was performed. PPV with ILM peel achieved a significantly lower incidence of ERM recurrence (risk ratio [RR] = 0.26, 95% CI = [0.13, 0.51], p &lt; 0.0001) and additional surgery (RR = 0.17, 95% CI = [0.04, 0.74], p = 0.02) compared to PPV without ILM peel.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PPV with and without ILM peel achieved a similar BCVA at last study observation in ERM patients. Patients treated with PPV and ILM peel also had a reduced risk of ERM recurrence and lower reoperation risk. These conclusions are associated with a moderate certainty of evidence and potential for bias from multiple non-randomized studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"30-43"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71413289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Landscape of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in Germany: Retina.net CSC Registry Report Number 1.","authors":"Clemens A Lange, Charlotte Ohlmeier, Anna Kiskämper, Christoph von Schwarzkopf, Hinrich Hufnagel, Markus Gruber, Benedikt Schworm, Ulrike Brocks, Franziska Reinking, Lisa Schreiner, Yoko Miura, Milena Grundel, Tibor Lohmann, Christoph R Clemens, Maria-Andreea Gamulescu, Nicole Eter, Salvatore Grisanti, Siegfried Priglinger, Martin S Spitzer, Peter Walter, Hansjürgen A Agostini, Andreas Stahl, Laurenz J B Pauleikhoff","doi":"10.1159/000535930","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000535930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The German Registry of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) collects data on CSC patients in a nationwide multicenter approach to analyze epidemiology, risk factors, clinical presentations, as well as diagnosis and treatment patterns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this multicenter cohort study, patients with CSC were enrolled in nine tertiary referral centers in Germany between January 2022 and June 2023. After consenting to the study, demographic data, risk factors, reported symptoms, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), funduscopic findings, disease severity, and diagnostic and treatment decisions were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 539 eyes of 411 CSC patients were enrolled in this study including 308 males (75%) and 103 females (25%). Patients were predominantly of Caucasian origin and had a mean age of 55.5 years (IQR 41.0-70.0). 28% of eyes were classified as acute (&lt;4 months duration) CSC, 28% as chronic (&gt;4 months duration) CSC, 21% as inactive CSC, 11% as chronic atrophic CSC, and 12% as CSC with secondary CNV. 128 patients (31%) demonstrated bilateral CSC. The most common risk factors reported were psychological stress (52%), smoking (38%), arterial hypertension (38%), and a history of or current use of steroids (30%). Most frequently encountered symptoms included decreased visual acuity (76%), metamorphopsia (49%), relative scotoma (47%), blurred vision (19%), and dyschromatopsia (9%). The mean logMAR BCVA on initial examination was 0.2 (≈20/30, IQR 0.2-0.4) but showed significant variation with a tendency of lower BCVA in chronic cases. At the baseline visit, 74% of the overall cohort received no treatment, while 19% underwent local treatment and only 2% underwent systemic treatment. Of the local therapies, anti-VEGF injections were the most frequently performed procedure (33%, mainly for secondary CNV), followed by micropulse laser (28%), focal nonpulsed laser (23%), verteporfin photodynamic therapy (14%), and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops (2%). Among intravitreal anti-VEGF agents, aflibercept was used most frequently, followed by bevacizumab and ranibizumab.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This registry represents one of the largest cohorts of European patients with CSC to date. Patient age and the proportion of women were higher than expected and bilateral active disease was lower than anticipated, highlighting that neither age nor gender should be overemphasized when diagnosing CSC. Therapeutic interventions are heterogeneous and include verteporfin photodynamic therapy, micropulse laser, and anti-VEGF injections in case of secondary CNV.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"95-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11160426/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139900298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Chandelier-Assisted versus Standard Scleral Buckling for the Treatment of Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Yung-Shuo Kao, Chia-Yun Chen, Yu-Te Huang, San-Ni Chen","doi":"10.1159/000540820","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540820","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Compare the anatomical and functional outcomes, operation duration, and complication rates between standard scleral buckling (SSB) and chandelier-assisted scleral buckling (CSB) for phakic eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception to June 2024. The primary endpoint will be set as a final success. The secondary endpoint will be primary success, operation time, and final BCVA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our meta-analysis showed that there is no statistical difference between CSB and SSB for the final success rate (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.97-1.03). For the primary success rate, there is no statistical difference between CSB and SSB (RR = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.94-1.06). For operation time, our meta-analysis showed that the CSB group is less than the SSB group (pooled MD = -15.8, 95% CI = -22.60 to -9.00). For postoperative complications, our study shows that the CSB group presented with lower pooled risk than the SSB group (RR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.41-0.89). There is a trend that the ERM formation risk is higher in the CSB group if there is no routine suture for the sclerotomy (p = 0.08).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CSB showcases a significantly reduced operation duration and less postoperative complication in contrast to the SSB group, maintaining comparable primary and ultimate anatomical success rates as well as final BCVA.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"345-354"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11614423/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142004938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Blue Dye-Assisted Intraoperative Optical Coherence Tomography for Macular Surgery.","authors":"Marco Pellegrini, Ginevra Adamo, Laura Sarti, Pietro Maria Talli, Francesco Nasini, Marco Mura","doi":"10.1159/000541056","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether vital blue dyes could enhance the contrast of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) during macular surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Consecutive patients undergoing elective pars plana vitrectomy for vitreomacular interface disorders were enrolled. Intraoperative OCT was performed with the Artevo 800 microscope (Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany) before and after injection of 0.2 mL of Trypan Blue and Brilliant Blue G Ophthalmic Solution. The OCT contrast ratio was measured with ImageJ, while the overall scan quality was subjectively classified using a 4-point scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Ten eyes of 10 patients were enrolled in the study. The OCT contrast ratio was 9.39 ± 5.35 without blue dye and significantly improved to 14.31 ± 10.50 after blue dye injection (p = 0.027). The percentage of patients with a grade 4 scan quality also significantly improved (from 40% without blue dye to 90% with blue dye injection; p = 0.012).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of blue dyes during intraoperative OCT is an effective strategy for improving contrast and scan quality without affecting the surgical time and workflow.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"341-344"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142081204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twelve-Month Outcomes of Three Episcleral Surgeries in Treatment of Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment.","authors":"Zigan Zhou, Binghua Guo, Hantao Zhou, Chen Yang, Jinghao Mei, Chuying Deng, Ronghan Wu, Zhong Lin","doi":"10.1159/000539854","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000539854","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The aim of this study was to compare the long-term outcomes of conventional scleral buckling (CSB), modified scleral buckling (MSB), and scleral encircling (SE) in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment and identify factors influencing the outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This comparative, retrospective cohort study assigned patients to CSB, MSB, and SE groups. The follow-up was 12 months, and the reattachment rate, complication rate, visual acuity, number of newly discovered tears during surgery, and changes in diopters were compared among the three surgeries. Influential factors on anatomical and functional reattachment were identified.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no significant differences in the primary reattachment rate, overall complication rate, or best corrected visual acuity at 6 or 12 months among the three groups. The MSB group had a higher number of newly discovered tears during surgery compared with the other two groups. At 12 months of post-surgery, the SE group displayed the greatest change of diopter, whereas the MSB group showed the least change. The surgical approach did not influence the primary reattachment rate. Long-term visual outcomes were influenced by factors including sex, preoperative visual acuity, macular status, and duration of symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MSB is an effective method for treating rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Its advantages include the ability to identify smaller tears and induce minimal changes in diopter.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"214-223"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141420286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Outcomes of a New Monofocal Intraocular Lens in Patients Undergoing Phacovitrectomy for Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane.","authors":"Tomislav Jukić, Gentian Bajraktari, Nenad Vukojević, Martin Oroz, Andrea Radolović, Krešimir Mandić, Miro Kalauz","doi":"10.1159/000540362","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000540362","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes and quality of life of newly generated monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) in patients diagnosed with idiopathic epiretinal membrane (IEM) following phacovitrectomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, 42 patients with IEM and cataract underwent pars plana vitrectomy. They were divided into the ICB00 group (21 patients) and the ZCB00 group (21 patients). Data collected before and after the surgery were compared between the two groups, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA), vision-related quality of life (VRQOL), intraocular pressure, contrast sensitivity (CS), and central macular thickness (CMT).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The preoperative characteristics of the two groups showed no significant differences. However, at the 6-month follow-up after surgery, there were significant improvements in UDVA (p &lt; 0.001), UIVA (p &lt; 0.001), VRQOL (p &lt; 0.001), CS (p &lt; 0.001), and CMT (p &lt; 0.001) compared to baseline. Notably, the Eyhance ICB00 group showed a significantly higher UCIVA value at 6 months post-surgery when compared to the Tecnis ZCB00 group (p = 0.001), while other parameters did not show significant differences between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Eyhance IOL significantly improved both intermediate and distance visual acuity, with no notable difference in quality of life or CS compared to the Tecnis ZCB00 IOL after IEM removal. It appears to be a favorable choice for combined cataract and vitreoretinal surgery, offering enhanced vision for daily tasks and a promising alternative to traditional monofocal IOLs.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"251-260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141856141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Approaches in the Management of Submacular Hemorrhages.","authors":"Matias Iglicki, Dinah Zur","doi":"10.1159/000541451","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000541451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"275-276"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142292798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide for Diabetic Macular Edema and Macular Edema Secondary to Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Andrew Mihalache, Amin Hatamnejad, Nikhil S Patil, Marko M Popovic, Peter J Kertes, Miguel Cruz-Pimentel, Rajeev H Muni","doi":"10.1159/000533443","DOIUrl":"10.1159/000533443","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The comparative safety and efficacy of different doses of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA) for diabetic macular edema (DME) and macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This meta-analysis aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of different doses of IVTA in this setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic literature search for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted on Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, and EMBASE from January 2005 to May 2022. Studies that reported on patients with DME or ME secondary to RVO that received treatment with different doses of IVTA were included. A random-effects meta-analysis was performed. Cochrane's Risk of Bias Tool 2 was used to assess the risk of bias, and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) guidelines were used to assess certainty of evidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five RCTs reporting on 1,041 eyes at baseline were included in this meta-analysis. In eyes with ME secondary to RVO, high-dose (4 mg) IVTA achieved a significantly better change in best-corrected visual acuity (WMD = -4.75 ETDRS letters, 95% CI = [-7.73, -1.78], p = 0.002) and reduction in retinal thickness (WMD = -93.02 μm, 95% CI = [-153.23, -32.82], p = 0.002) at months 4-6 compared to low-dose (1-2 mg) IVTA. However, high-dose IVTA had a higher risk of intraocular pressure-related adverse events (RR = 2.99, 95% CI = [1.05, 8.50], p = 0.04) and cataract surgery (RR = 5.67, 95% CI = [3.09, 10.41], p &lt; 0.00001) than low-dose IVTA in eyes with ME secondary to RVO. These efficacy and safety differences in high-dose and low-dose IVTA were not observed in DME eyes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The RCT evidence in this setting is limited. High-dose IVTA achieved greater improvements in visual acuity and reductions in retinal thickness than low-dose IVTA at months 4-6. However, high-dose IVTA had a less favorable safety profile than low-dose IVTA. The significance of these outcomes was based on patients with ME secondary to RVO, but not DME.</p>","PeriodicalId":19595,"journal":{"name":"Ophthalmologica","volume":" ","pages":"19-29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10836924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10353149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}