IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172551

Emmanuel Yomba

{"title":"New self-similar Jacobi rational and polynomial waves in inhomogeneous two-mode fibers: Exact solutions of generalized coupled NLSEs modified","authors":"Emmanuel Yomba","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172551","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172551","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate self-similar periodic and solitary waves in inhomogeneous two-mode fibers governed by a generalized variable-coefficient coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system with ten independent coefficients that account for asymmetric dispersion, Kerr nonlinearities, linear gain/loss, and external potentials in each mode. A constructive similarity transformation maps the variable-coefficient equations to a constant-coefficient pair, yielding explicit relations for the similarity variables, amplitudes, and phases. On the reduced system, an F-expansion framework produces five solvable families of exact solutions classified as rational and polynomial Jacobi-type periodic waves, together with their existence constraints and dispersion relations. The Jacobi families continuously connect to localized states—bright, dark, kink/antikink, and W-shaped solitons—in the elliptic-modulus limit. Mapping back provides chirped self-similar solutions of the original inhomogeneous model. Using prototype dispersion and gain/loss profiles, we quantify pulse energy, width, and chirp to track periodic-to-soliton transitions under parameter modulation. The results substantially enlarge the known solution space for vector NLSEs beyond symmetric, few-coefficient settings and offer analytic control knobs—via the engineered coefficient landscapes—for amplitude, width, and phase, with relevance to pulse shaping and robust transmission in fiber systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172551"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Soliton dynamics in the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation under diverse nonlinear optical laws 不同非线性光学定律下Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel方程中的孤子动力学

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172548

Sumanta Shagolshem , R.P. Ashrith , K.V. Nagaraja , Dia Zeidan

{"title":"Soliton dynamics in the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation under diverse nonlinear optical laws","authors":"Sumanta Shagolshem , R.P. Ashrith , K.V. Nagaraja , Dia Zeidan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172548","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172548","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, a comprehensive analytical investigation of the Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel (LPD) equation is conducted through the application of the Painlevé analysis and the unified method, aimed at constructing exact soliton solutions. Through the application of these analytical tools, explicit forms of soliton solutions are derived with three distinct nonlinear response laws relevant to optical fibers, say, Kerr law, parabolic law, and anti-cubic law, which are associated to various physical regimes and aspects of pulse propagation in nonlinear optical media. For each nonlinearity profile, families of soliton solutions are systematically derived, along with constraint conditions, ensuring their existence, stability, and physical relevance. The novel resulting solutions are then illustrated in three-dimensional surface plots and contour diagrams for suitable parameter values, providing a clearer and more intuitive understanding of the solution dynamics. Finally, a stability analysis of the selected model is performed, confirming that the governing equation exhibits stable behavior under the derived conditions. This study illustrates the versatility of the applied techniques to handle complex nonlinear models, providing rich soliton solutions under various nonlinear laws of optical fibers, and hence contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goals 4, 7 and 9.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Configuration modifications of π-spacer and their hypothetical effect on indolo [3, 2, 1-jk] carbazole-based DSSCs performance π-间隔剂的构型改变及其对吲哚[3,2,1 -jk]咔唑基DSSCs性能的影响

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172550

Shamsa Bibi , Saba Ashraf , Sania Ismaeel , Shafiq UrRehman , Saba Jamil , Muhammad Adnan Iqbal , Shanza Rauf Khan , Samreen Gul Khan , Hong-Xing Zhang

{"title":"Configuration modifications of π-spacer and their hypothetical effect on indolo [3, 2, 1-jk] carbazole-based DSSCs performance","authors":"Shamsa Bibi , Saba Ashraf , Sania Ismaeel , Shafiq UrRehman , Saba Jamil , Muhammad Adnan Iqbal , Shanza Rauf Khan , Samreen Gul Khan , Hong-Xing Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a π-spacer modification technique was employed on indolo[3,2,1-jk] carbazole-based donor materials with a cyanoacrylic acid group as the acceptor to design nine new molecules. The π-spacer modification on the indolo[3,2,1-jk] carbazole-based donor materials offer advantages in improving DSSCs efficiency and optoelectrical behavior. The newly designed molecules were examined for several crucial parameters, including absorbance maximum, frontier molecular orbitals, excitation energy, light harvesting efficiency, Voc, and fill factor. All of the designed dyes significantly improved their optical and performance-related characteristics. Among the studied molecules, IC2, which featured an additional furan π-bridge with an ethyl group and a double furan ring around the azo group, displayed the broadest range of UV-Vis peak absorbance (547 nm) with the lowest energy of excitation (2.26 eV). Furthermore, the molecules with extended furan π-bridges exhibited high values of light harvesting ability, while those with pyrrole π-bridges, such as IC9, showed the highest open-circuit voltage (2.81V). Depending on these favorable properties, the molecules with additional π-bridges are considered promising candidates for DSSCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172550"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tunable photonic spin Hall effect on a hyperbolic crystal coated with graphene monolayer 石墨烯单层双曲晶体的可调谐光子自旋霍尔效应

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172540

Maria Iqbal , Muzamil Shah , Aamir Hayat , Qaisar Abbas Naqvi

{"title":"Tunable photonic spin Hall effect on a hyperbolic crystal coated with graphene monolayer","authors":"Maria Iqbal , Muzamil Shah , Aamir Hayat , Qaisar Abbas Naqvi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we theoretically explore the photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) observed in a light beam upon reflections from a graphene-based uniaxial hyperbolic crystal geometry. By applying appropriate boundary conditions to both the incident and reflected light beams, we derive expressions for the Fresnel’s coefficients of reflection for the <span><math><mi>s</mi></math></span>- and <span><math><mi>p</mi></math></span>-light beams. The presence of graphene introduces an additional degree of tunability, allowing precise control over the PSHE through its chemical potential and temperature, while the hyperbolic crystal allows modulation via the <span><math><mi>c</mi></math></span>-axis orientation and reststrahlen band selection. Consequently, the transverse spin-dependent shift can be dynamically tuned by varying the chemical potential. Additionally, we reveal that the Brewster angle of the system is tunable via the orientation of the c-axis, with larger orientation angles leading to a reduction in spin-dependent splitting. The amplitude of the PSHE is significantly enhanced in the second reststrahlen band compared to the first reststrahlen band. Finally, we find that temperature effect has a strong influence on the PSHE, with the spin shift being markedly larger at zero temperature. These results suggest that graphene-integrated hyperbolic materials could enable advanced terahertz modulators and spin-based photonic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172540"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A secure image encryption algorithm combining random scrambling, interpolated radon-based diffusion and a novel one-dimensional chaotic map 结合随机置乱、插值氡扩散和一种新的一维混沌映射的安全图像加密算法

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172547

Hemant Kumar , Hukum Singh

{"title":"A secure image encryption algorithm combining random scrambling, interpolated radon-based diffusion and a novel one-dimensional chaotic map","authors":"Hemant Kumar , Hukum Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we propose a novel and secure image encryption algorithm that integrates interpolation in the Radon domain, random scrambling, and a newly designed Improved Delta Sine-Cosine (IDSC) chaotic map. Unlike previous studies, this work introduces image interpolation in the Radon domain, addressing the dimensional mismatch issue that arises after Radon transform and enabling standardised image sizes for effective encryption. To resolve this issue, we use interpolation in the Radon domain. The proposed scheme begins by applying the Radon transform to the input image, followed by spline interpolation to resize the transformed image to a fixed dimension of 256× 256. A two-level random scrambling strategy is then employed: first by block-level shuffling and then intra-block pixel scrambling, enhancing confusion. The IDSC chaotic map, with superior chaotic behaviour across a wide parameter range, is utilised for diffusion, while the Arnold map (AM) introduces additional scrambling to improve security. Extensive experimental results validate the proposed method’s robustness, demonstrating high key sensitivity, resistance to statistical and differential attacks, and strong encryption performance in terms of Number of pixels changing rate (NPCR), Unified average changing intensity (UACI), histogram, Peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), Mean square error (MSE), Entropy Analysis, Chi-square test, Performance Analysis and Correlation coefficients (CC). This work provides a significant advancement by combining Radon-domain interpolation with a highly effective chaotic map, making it suitable for the secure transmission of sensitive image data<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172547"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of a high-efficiency PV array of 3rd generation perovskite solar cells using a ZnO/TiO₂ ETL and Au in the back electrode 采用ZnO/TiO 2 ETL和Au作为背电极的第三代钙钛矿太阳能电池高效光伏阵列的设计

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172546

Hagar Marouf , Khalil M. Elkhamisy , El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie , Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed , Nariman Abdel-Salam

{"title":"Design of a high-efficiency PV array of 3rd generation perovskite solar cells using a ZnO/TiO₂ ETL and Au in the back electrode","authors":"Hagar Marouf , Khalil M. Elkhamisy , El-Sayed M. El-Rabaie , Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed , Nariman Abdel-Salam","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines the performance enhancement of third-generation perovskite solar cells (PSCs) utilizing a novel pyramidal electron transfer layer (ETL). Utilizing the high electron-transporting capabilities of zinc oxide (ZnO), a 3D-COMSOL Multiphysics model was created to analyze the optical and electrical properties of the device. This study examines replacing the traditional titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) ETL with ZnO and swapping the silver back contact for gold (Au). A major focus is on the geometric optimization of the pyramidal ETL structure. Through various simulations, we discovered that optimal performance occurs with a pyramid height of 0.7 of the total ETL thickness. This configuration yields a notable power conversion efficiency (PCE) and other key performance metrics, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed design. Additionally, the study examines the impact of temperature and solar irradiance fluctuations on device performance. The novelty of this research lies in using a pyramid height of 0.7 and comparing our results from a single cell modeled in COMSOL with those from a single cell in MATLAB-SIMULINK, and then with a cell array. Our findings show that for the 0.7 pyramid, the J<sub>SC</sub> is 34.9 mA/cm², while in the PV array, the J<sub>SC</sub> reaches 9.3 A/cm².</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172546"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Copper Aluminum Oxide for enabling Q-switching and mode-locking in erbium-doped fiber lasers 在掺铒光纤激光器中实现q开关和锁模的铜铝氧化物

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172545

Muhammad N.A.H.M. Husaini , Aeriyn D. Ahmad , Masruroh , Osama A. Fouad , Ahmed Mourtada Elseman , Ramadan A. Geioushy , Zulzilawati Jusoh , Sulaiman W. Harun

{"title":"Copper Aluminum Oxide for enabling Q-switching and mode-locking in erbium-doped fiber lasers","authors":"Muhammad N.A.H.M. Husaini , Aeriyn D. Ahmad , Masruroh , Osama A. Fouad , Ahmed Mourtada Elseman , Ramadan A. Geioushy , Zulzilawati Jusoh , Sulaiman W. Harun","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study experimentally demonstrates Copper Aluminum Oxide (CuAlO₂) as a saturable absorber (SA) for both Q-switched and ultrafast mode-locked pulse generation in an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) cavity. The SA was fabricated by embedding the conductive oxide in a polymer matrix to form a composite film, which was then integrated into two distinct pulse-generation setups. In the Q-switched configuration, stable operation was achieved by modulating the cavity's loss and gain, with pump powers ranging from 132.15 mW to 210.62 mW. The repetition rate increased from 66.09 kHz to 84.96 kHz, while the pulse width decreased from 6.31 μs to 5.03 μs. The laser operated at a central wavelength of 1563.3 nm, delivering a maximum pulse energy of 43.55 nJ and a slope efficiency of 1.95 %. For mode-locking, the inclusion of a 100 m fiber spool in the cavity enabled self-starting mode-locked operation, sustained over a pump power range of 141.38 mW to 233.7 mW. At 141.38 mW, the mode-locked EDFL produced pulses centered at 1560 nm, with a repetition rate of 1.792 MHz and a pulse duration of 3.17 ps. These findings validate the suitability of CuAlO₂ for use as a pulse transducer in fiber laser applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172545"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the linear and nonlinear optical properties of triple perovskite Sr3Fe2TeO9 探索三重钙钛矿Sr3Fe2TeO9的线性和非线性光学性质

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172543

Khan Haris, Mohd Ikram

引用次数: 0

Multiplexed detection of refractive indices among analytes via microfluidics and optical ring resonator: Optical coupling approach 利用微流体和光环谐振器对分析物折射率的多路检测：光耦合方法

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172531

Shamshad Alam , Mohd Mansoor Khan , Ramesh Kumar Sonkar

{"title":"Multiplexed detection of refractive indices among analytes via microfluidics and optical ring resonator: Optical coupling approach","authors":"Shamshad Alam , Mohd Mansoor Khan , Ramesh Kumar Sonkar","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presented work examines the detection of multiple biological analytes associated with various diseases in humans using an optical ring resonator-based refractive index sensor. The suggested sensor has great potential in the healthcare domain for early disease diagnosis. The sensor system, utilizing a C-band (1550 nm) optical source, has been designed and numerically analyzed to detect sickle cell anemia (SCA), breast cancer cells, glucose concentrations, and tuberculosis. The time-efficient finite different time domain (FDTD) method has been employed to optimize the performance metrics of the sensor enhancing the sensitivity (<span><math><mi>S</mi></math></span>), figure of merit (<span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>M</mi></mrow></math></span>), and quality factor (<span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>F</mi></mrow></math></span>). Apparently, the designed sensor can detect multiple analytes with <span><math><mrow><mi>S</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>420</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>45</mn></mrow></math></span> nanometer/Refractive Index Unit (nm/RIU), <span><math><mrow><mi>F</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>289</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>85</mn></mrow></math></span> RIU<sup>-1</sup>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>Q</mi><mi>F</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1107</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>36</mn></mrow></math></span>, respectively. The obtained results further motivates the fabrication of ubiquitous sensing system for multiple disease detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling CsInTiO₄ quantum dots: A novel wide-band-gap material with exceptional nonlinear optical properties CsInTiO₄量子点：一种具有特殊非线性光学特性的新型宽带隙材料

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172544

M.A.M. El-Mansy , M.S. El-Bana , Ashwani Kumar , Pankaj Sharma

{"title":"Unveiling CsInTiO₄ quantum dots: A novel wide-band-gap material with exceptional nonlinear optical properties","authors":"M.A.M. El-Mansy , M.S. El-Bana , Ashwani Kumar , Pankaj Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive detailed theoretical investigation into structural, optical, and optoelectronic properties of <sub>caesium</sub> indium titanate (CsInTiO₄) quantum dots (QDs), modelled with a unit cell size of approximately 15 Å. As a structural analogy of CsAlTiO₄, CsInTiO₄ crystallizes in a monoclinic phase with space group <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>P</mi><mn>21</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, as confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The material exhibits a wide optical band gap <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>5.33</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>eV</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span>, classifying it as a robust wide-band-gap insulator. Optical dispersion behavior was analyzed using the Wemple-DiDomenico model, yielding a high single-oscillator energy (<span><math><mrow><mi>E</mi><mi>₀</mi><mspace></mspace><mo>=</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>7.68</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>eV</mi></mrow></math></span>) and oscillator strength of (<span><math><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>35.8</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>eV²</mi></mrow></math></span>), indicative of strong ionic character and electronic stability. Furthermore, nonlinear optical (NLO) characterization revealed a significant third-order susceptibility (<span><math><msup><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></msup></math></span>) and a high nonlinear refractive index (<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span>), highlighting the material’s strong nonlinear response. Such insights, supported by both theoretical simulations and XRD data, represent the 1st detailed exploration of CsInTiO₄-QDs, laying the ground for upcoming experiments. These numerical benchmarks not only establish CsInTiO₄-QDs as a wide-band-gap insulator but also underscore their exceptional potential for UV optoelectronic and nonlinear optical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"339 ","pages":"Article 172544"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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