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Design, optimization, and evaluation of ultra-broadband hybrid optical doped-fiber amplifier for O+E+S+C band amplification 用于 O+E+S+C 波段放大的超宽带混合掺杂光纤放大器的设计、优化和评估

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-04-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172328

Krishna Sarma, Mohd. Mansoor Khan

{"title":"Design, optimization, and evaluation of ultra-broadband hybrid optical doped-fiber amplifier for O+E+S+C band amplification","authors":"Krishna Sarma, Mohd. Mansoor Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172328","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172328","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the design and optimization of a hybrid optical amplifier capable of amplifying optical signals in the O+E+S+C (multiband) wavelength bands. The amplifier’s architecture incorporates Praseodymium, Thulium, and Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (PDFA, TDFA, and EDFA) connected in parallel configurations. The physical and geometric parameters of the amplifiers are tuned to achieve a signal gain <span><math><mo>></mo></math></span> 18 dB and a noise figure <span><math><mo><</mo></math></span> 4.91 dB for the wavelength region 1270 nm to 1560 nm. Additionally, the impact of the homogeneous up-conversion (HUC) ion-ion interaction mechanism on the signal gain is investigated and minimized by optimizing the amplifier’s physical and geometric characteristics. In the O and S+C bands, respectively, a gain deterioration of 2.3% and 4.6% is observed at 1310 nm and 1500 nm wavelengths. However, a gain increment of 0.48% in the E-band has been observed at 1380 nm. The performance of the multiband HOA is analyzed in coarse wavelength division multiplexing (CWDM), dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM), and ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing (UDWDM) transmission links of an optical fiber communication system operating at data rates ranging from 5 to 10 gigabits per second (Gbps). The multiband HOA is installed as a pre-amplifier in the simulation set-up and assessed based on the quality (Q) factor. An errorless transmission with a Q-Factor <span><math><mo>></mo></math></span> 6.14 has been achieved for all the channels over a distance of 80 km of a single-mode fiber (SMF).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 172328"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Luminescence properties of Ho3+ ions in Pb3O4−B2O3−P2O5−ZnO-AIIIx (AIIIx=Al2O3, Ga2O3, and In2O3) glasses

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172315

M.V. Rama Chandra Rao , D. Hariprasad , B. Jyothi , D. Pavan Kumar , P. Naresh , G. Vijaya Lakshmi , M. Nagarjuna , Valluri Ravi Kumar , Y. Gandhi , N. Veeraiah

{"title":"Luminescence properties of Ho3+ ions in Pb3O4−B2O3−P2O5−ZnO-AIIIx (AIIIx=Al2O3, Ga2O3, and In2O3) glasses","authors":"M.V. Rama Chandra Rao , D. Hariprasad , B. Jyothi , D. Pavan Kumar , P. Naresh , G. Vijaya Lakshmi , M. Nagarjuna , Valluri Ravi Kumar , Y. Gandhi , N. Veeraiah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ho<sup>3+</sup> doped Pb<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>−B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>−P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>−ZnO glasses, mixed with group IIIA oxides such as Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, are fabricated by conventional melting and quenching methods. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) and Fourier transform infrared techniques (FTIR) were used to characterize these glasses. Optical absorption, Photoluminescence spectra and decay profiles were also registered. Photoluminescence spectra of the three glass compositions obtained at λₑₓ<sub>c</sub> = 361 nm, showed prominent bands corresponding to <sup>5</sup>F<sub>3</sub>,<sup>5</sup>S<sub>2</sub>, <sup>5</sup>F<sub>5,</sub><sup>4</sup>F<sub>4</sub> →<sup>5</sup>I<sub>8</sub> emission transitions. Among different glasses, the GaPBPZHo glass exhibited the maximal emission intensity. The emission spectra suggested that the ligands surrounding the Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions in Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>doped glasses exhibited greater asymmetry and lower covalence, enhancing their luminescence output. Notably, the quantum efficiency (η) of the <sup>5</sup>S<sub>2</sub>→<sup>5</sup>I<sub>8</sub> transition of Ho<sup>3+</sup> ions was found to be the maximal for GaPBPZHo glass. The CIE chromaticity coordinates (x = 0.577, y = 0.385) for this glass indicated intense green emission, highlighting its potential for use in photonic devices and high-quality green light-emission applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 172315"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143792191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhancing mechanical squeezing in Brillouin optomechanical system

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172324

D.R. Kenigoule Massembele , P. Djorwé , Souvik Agasti , K.S. Nisar , A.K. Sarma , A.-H. Abdel-Aty

{"title":"Enhancing mechanical squeezing in Brillouin optomechanical system","authors":"D.R. Kenigoule Massembele , P. Djorwé , Souvik Agasti , K.S. Nisar , A.K. Sarma , A.-H. Abdel-Aty","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172324","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172324","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a scheme to generate large amount of mechanical squeezing, far beyond the <span><math><mi>3dB</mi></math></span> limit, which is based on synthetic magnetism in optomechanical system that hosts a Backward Stimulated Brillouin Scattering (BSBS) process. Our benchmark system consists of an acoustic mode coupled to two optical modes through the BSBS process, and a Duffing mechanical oscillator that couples to the same optical modes through the standard optomechanical radiation pressure. The synthetic magnetism comes from the modulation of the mechanical coupling between the acoustic and the mechanical mode. When there is no synthetic magnetism, a given amount of mechanical squeezing is generated in the system. This squeezing is mainly dependent on the BSBS process, and it is fragile against thermal noise. By switching on the synthetic magnetism, the degree of the generated squeezing is greatly enhanced and goes far beyond the limit of the <span><math><mi>3dB</mi></math></span>. This induced squeezing persists even weak BSBS process in the system. Moreover, this generated squeezing is robust enough against thermal noise in comparison to the one induced when the synthetic magnetism is off. Furthermore, both the mechanical variance squeezing and effective phonon number exhibit series of peaks and dips depending on the phase modulation of the mechanical coupling. This oscillatory feature is reminiscent of a sudden death and revival of squeezing phenomenon, which can be used to maintain a desired magnitude of squeezing by tuning this phase. Our proposal provides a path towards a flexible scheme that generates large amount of squeezing, far beyond the <span><math><mi>3dB</mi></math></span> limit. Such a generated squeezed states can be used for quantum applications including quantum information processing, quantum sensing and metrology, and quantum computing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 172324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of Sn-Sr co-doping on structural, morphological and optical properties of TiO2 for solar energy conversion applications

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172332

N. Nikitha , Vishnu Narayanan V , T. Raguram , K.S. Rajni , Madan Kuppusamy

{"title":"Impact of Sn-Sr co-doping on structural, morphological and optical properties of TiO2 for solar energy conversion applications","authors":"N. Nikitha , Vishnu Narayanan V , T. Raguram , K.S. Rajni , Madan Kuppusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172332","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172332","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, undoped and tin (Sn), strontium (Sr) single and co-doped titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles were prepared by the sol-gel technique for potential dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction and Laser-Raman spectroscopy substantiated the presence of the anatase phase within a tetragonal crystal system in all prepared samples, with a transition to the rutile phase observed in Sn, Sr-co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub>. FTIR spectra indicated peak shifts, demonstrating the interaction between the dopants and TiO<sub>2</sub> lattices. UV-DRS analysis revealed a shift in the optical absorption edge towards the visible region, while the calculated values of the band gap aligned with these findings. Photoluminescence emission intensity was lower in doped TiO<sub>2</sub> samples compared to undoped TiO<sub>2</sub>, indicative of improved DSSC efficiency. When employed as active photoanodes in DSSC fabrication, equimolar Sn and Sr co-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> achieved an efficiency of 3.35 %, surpassing the efficiencies of undoped TiO<sub>2</sub> (0.56 %), Sn-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (1.62 %), and Sr-doped TiO<sub>2</sub> (0.59 %). These findings suggest the potential of co-doping TiO<sub>2</sub> with Sn and Sr to enhance DSSC performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 172332"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ultra-high-efficiency circularly polarized reflector based on the dislocated double rectangle arrays

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172329

Bo Cheng , Botao Jiang , Yuxiao Zou , GuoFeng Song

{"title":"Ultra-high-efficiency circularly polarized reflector based on the dislocated double rectangle arrays","authors":"Bo Cheng , Botao Jiang , Yuxiao Zou , GuoFeng Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172329","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172329","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The chiral lasers that can directly generate the circularly polarized light have important applications in a variety of fields, such as optical communications, biomedicine, materials processing, and optical measurements, and they are rapidly becoming an offshoot of the new generation of smart optoelectronic devices. However, the performance of current circularly polarized lasers is still limited by the effective design of chiral nanostructures, and their circular dichroism (CD) generally does not exceed 5%. With the powerful optical modeling capability of the COMSOL Multiphysics platform, we innovatively introduce two dislocated rectangular blocks to break the spatial symmetry of the metasurface and obtain a huge chirality (CD > 95%). This is then combined with a cylindrical array to form a Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonant cavity corresponding to a typical optical ternary system, which pushes the peak reflectivity of the cascaded metasurface to 99.6%. Our designed chiral cascade metasurfaces simultaneously satisfy the demanding requirements of high reflectivity and large circular dichroism, and are expected to replace the conventional multilayer distributed bragg reflectors (DBRs) in VCSELs, contributing to the further development of miniaturized chiral lasers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 172329"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design of multilayer graphene metamaterials plasmonic waveguides with ultra-low-loss mid-infrared

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172327

Akbar Asadi

{"title":"Design of multilayer graphene metamaterials plasmonic waveguides with ultra-low-loss mid-infrared","authors":"Akbar Asadi","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172327","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172327","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this the paper, a multilayer graphene metamaterials plasmonic waveguide (MGMPW) with ultra-low-loss has proposed in mid-infrared range. The MGMPW structure consisting of a porous <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>SiO</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> stratum placed between multilayer graphene metamaterials with low index dielectric, and a high index dielectric nano-rib geometry, which both placed on a Magnesium fluoride <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>MgF</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> substrate. The surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) modes are supported by the multilayer graphene metamaterials with coupling plasmon polaritons at separate graphene layers over the high index dielectric nano-rib structure. Thus, the energy density in the proposed waveguide hardly confined in the area between the high index dielectric nano-edge Aluminum Oxide (<span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>Al</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>O</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math></span>) and the multilayer graphene metamaterials. In the designed waveguide SPPs mode can be obtained the propagation length of nearly 100 µm and the normalized mode area of <span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> by tunning the values of the waveguide geometry and material parameters. The modal properties of the MGMPW are simulated using technique of the finite element. The dependence of modal characteristics is obtained on the wavelength of incident light, the graphene Fermi energy, and the dimensions of the waveguide geometry in detail. Furthermore, the crosstalk between two adjoining proposed structure is studied to show the SPPs strong squeeze to apply components of photonic integrated circuits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"327 ","pages":"Article 172327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143724236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Luminescent properties of NaMg6SiO8:Eu3+, Tb3+ phosphor for W-LED applications

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172325

Pragati Tale , Ashok Mistry , Bharti Bawanthade , S.J. Dhoble

引用次数: 0

How surface plasmon microscopy differs from conventional optical microscopy in the focal region?

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172326

Bei Zhang

{"title":"How surface plasmon microscopy differs from conventional optical microscopy in the focal region?","authors":"Bei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172326","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Objective-coupled surface plasmon microscopy (SPM) shares a similar configuration with conventional optical microscopy (OM), but critical differences in their focal mechanisms are often neglected. Although SPM and OM exhibit operational similarities, the unique interaction between the focused beam and the sensor chip, driven by surface plasmon (SP) propagation, remains poorly understood. This leads to widespread errors, such as misaligning SPM’s focal plane with OM’s, which degrades resolution and sensitivity. While prior studies recognized the “defocus” effect, ambiguous definitions hindered its practical resolution. Herein, we systematically clarify the distinction between SPM, OM, and focused SPs. By analyzing the origin of defocus, we demonstrate that SPM’s focal plane results from a balance between optical focusing and SP self-interference. We define SPM’s ‘<em>real focal plane’</em> (optimized at 1–2 wavelengths of negative defocus) and ‘<em>focal spot</em>’ (smaller than OM’s diffraction limit), supported by simulations consistent with experimental data. These definitions provide actionable criteria for positioning the sensor chip, maximizing resolution without sacrificing signal strength. This work resolves the ambiguities and establishes practical guidelines for the accurate implementation of SPM in bio-sensing and surface analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 172326"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143747926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Direct perturbative-framework analysis of the effective electromagnetic parameters for lossless nonlinear left-handed optical metamaterials possessing an inversion symmetry

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172319

L. Pascal Tchinda , S.J. Mba Ndeda , S.E. Mkam Tchouobiap

{"title":"Direct perturbative-framework analysis of the effective electromagnetic parameters for lossless nonlinear left-handed optical metamaterials possessing an inversion symmetry","authors":"L. Pascal Tchinda , S.J. Mba Ndeda , S.E. Mkam Tchouobiap","doi":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172319","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172319","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present work, we derive the expressions of the effective material parameters of a lossless nonlinear left-handed optical material medium that possesses an inversion symmetry. Here, the left-handed optical material considered is an array of split-ring resonators and thin metal wires that are embedded in a nonlinear dielectric substrate material which is assumed to possess an inversion symmetry at the molecular level. Starting from the unit cell of the considered left-handed material lattice, we derive the lattice equations in terms of the charges induced by the incident field. We then employ a perturbative scheme and direct calculation method to mathematically obtain the effective permeability and permittivity of the left-handed material medium. From these findings, it appears that the behaviors of the effective electromagnetic material parameters are affected by the magnitudes of the third-order nonlinearities, which provide a new approach for better understanding of the electromagnetic responses of continuous medium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19513,"journal":{"name":"Optik","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 172319"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Diode laser-based broad spectrum solid-state lighting and visible light communication” [Optik 327 (2025) 172281]

IF 3.1 3区物理与天体物理

Optik Pub Date : 2025-03-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijleo.2025.172317

Aayushi Soni , Dalip Singh Mehta

引用次数: 0