Optics and Laser Technology最新文献

{"title":"Restoration of underwater optical image with non-uniform illumination via foreground and background segmentation","authors":"Chaojie Men ,&nbsp;Jingyi Li ,&nbsp;Zhimin Liu ,&nbsp;Xinyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Guojia Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical images captured underwater often suffer from insufficient lighting, and artificial auxiliary light may produce non-uniform illumination, which will degrade image quality and hide valuable visual information. To overcome this limitation, we propose a novel foreground-background separation based methoddepending on an improved optical image formation model for underwater optical image restoration. Considering the color disparities between the foreground and background regions in underwater optical images, we first extract the background region by employing three simple but effective features including gradient, color difference, and area proportion. Also, we estimate the local background light and transmittance using underwater maximum reflectance prior. After that, we acquire the latent clean image by performing a weighted map between the restored foreground and enhanced background. Both the qualitative and quantitative comparisons demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method. The code is available at: <span><span>https://github.com/Hou-Guojia/FBS-UOI</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113565"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on depth measurement of optically transparent glass via using nondestructive technology","authors":"Zizheng Wang,&nbsp;Chengyuan Yao,&nbsp;Zhaoran Liu,&nbsp;Jiachen Tang,&nbsp;Hao Liu,&nbsp;Chunguang Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glass Via technology plays a crucial role in advanced electronic packaging, facilitating high-density electrical interconnections through glass substrates, which are increasingly considered a key technology for next-generation three-dimensional integration. Therefore, an accurate and efficient measurement method to control and inspect in process is essential. Specifically, the Blind Glass Via (BGV) depth is the key factor to guarantee high yield of the final product. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to enhance our homemade setup by integrating NIR spectral coherence interferometry technology, resulting in a significant amplification of interference signals on rough samples. Regarding the optical configuration of the integrated system, the operating spectral band and the illumination spectral band were designed to match the specific measurement positions. In addition, a dichroic beamsplitter was employed to enable efficient integration of the two spectral bands within a single optical system by realizing a shared optical path. Furthermore, for the depth measurement algorithm, a Gaussian interpolation-based Fourier transform peak extraction analysis method was designed to achieve high-speed and high-precision depth measurements. In this report, BGV with nominal CD 55 μm, and aspect ratio up to 5 was measured. Metrology results indicate the proposed system provides excellent correlation to SEM results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the quaternary unipolar barrier in metamorphic InGaAs photodetectors","authors":"Zhejing Jiao ,&nbsp;Tianyu Guo ,&nbsp;Gaoyu Zhou ,&nbsp;Yi Gu ,&nbsp;Bowen Liu ,&nbsp;Chunlei Yu ,&nbsp;Tao Li ,&nbsp;Xue Li","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the performance of a lattice-mismatched metamorphic In_0.83Ga_0.17As/InP photodetector with an AlGaAsSb quaternary barrier layer is studied by simulation and compared with that of the photodetector without the barrier layer. By selecting proper elemental compositions, high conduction band offset and zero valence band offset can be obtained. The position and structural parameters of the barrier are analyzed and optimized based on the analysis of energy-band diagram, dark current, quantum efficiency and detectivity at the temperature of 200 K. By placing the barrier at the edge of the depletion region within the absorption layer, and taking the thickness of 0.1 μm, the dark current has about two orders of magnitude reduction and the detectivity has about one order of magnitude increase without compromising quantum efficiency, compared to those without the barrier layer. The results demonstrate that the AlGaAsSb quaternary alloy can serve as an effective unipolar barrier for the In_0.83Ga_0.17As/InP photodetector to greatly enhance its performance at 200 K. The barrier structure could be well applied to InGaAs/InP photodetectors for extended short wavelength infrared range.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113613"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-model high-precision 3D measurement method dominated by weighted dimensionality reduction","authors":"Chen Xiaohui ,&nbsp;Yang Guang ,&nbsp;Wu Xiaotong ,&nbsp;Luo Xiaowen ,&nbsp;Wang Shenghuai ,&nbsp;Zhang Aiqiang ,&nbsp;Ke Xinyu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to address the problems of long processing time, low accuracy, and insufficient stability in traditional Sheet-of-Light centerline extraction algorithms, a multi-model high-precision 3D measurement method dominated by weighted dimensionality reduction is proposed. This method transforms the problem of extracting the 2D coordinates of the Sheet-of-Light centerline into the problem of calculating vector centroids and matching vector indices within the Grayscale Vector Pool. The Grayscale-Multi-State Weighted Dimensionality Reduction Model is employed to accurately compute the vector centroids in the Grayscale Vector Pool. Subsequently, a traversal computation model is constructed to perform a single traversal of the Grayscale Vector Pool, yielding the matching results between vector indices and their corresponding grayscale centroids.The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is validated through comparative and 3D measurement experiments. Compared with the Steger algorithm, the proposed method reduces the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the extracted Sheet-of-Light centerline by 0.11965 pixels and shortens the computation time by a factor of 1.31. Furthermore, the repeatability accuracy error is reduced by 0.21667 pixels compared with the Steger algorithm, while the computation time is shortened by a factor of 5.50. These results demonstrate that the proposed method offers high accuracy and significant application value.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113586"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beam quality M2(ψ) factor, spot rotation angle, and angular speed of general laser beams","authors":"Zhen-Xiang Hao ,&nbsp;Ruo-Xi Wu ,&nbsp;Hong-Bo Jin ,&nbsp;Ya-Zheng Tao ,&nbsp;Yue-Liang Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A unified definition for the rotation angle and rotation angular speed of general beams, including those with orbital angular momentum (OAM), has been lacking until now. In this paper, we characterize the rotation of a general beam by observing the rotational behavior of the directions of the extreme spot sizes during propagation. Moreover, we introduce the beam quality <span><math><msup><mi>M</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span> factor to characterize the unique beam quality of a general beam across all directions, not limited to the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>- or <span><math><mi>y</mi></math></span>-axes. Besides that, we present the beam center <span><math><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>, spot size <span><math><msub><mi>w</mi><mrow><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>z</mi><mo>)</mo></math></span>, waist position, waist radius, and divergence angle along the direction that forms an angle <span><math><mi>ψ</mi></math></span> with the <span><math><mi>x</mi></math></span>-axis in the plane perpendicular to the <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>-axis. Furthermore, this paper presents rapid calculation formulas for these parameters, utilizing the mode expansion method. By integrating the advanced fast mode decomposition techniques with the rapid calculation formulas derived in this paper, we can significantly enhance the real-time beam evaluation methods, thereby enabling the instantaneous acquisition of these beam properties. Subsequently, we demonstrate that four angular solutions for extreme spot sizes exist in a given detection plane, coalescing into two physically distinct states through <span><math><msup><mn>180</mn><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> rotational symmetry: one corresponding to the maximum spot size(maximum spot rotation angle)and the other to the minimum (minimum spot rotation angle). The angular separation between the maximum and minimum spot rotation angles is consistently <span><math><msup><mn>90</mn><mrow><mo>∘</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> during the propagation. We also prove the spot rotation angles converge as <span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span> approaches positive or negative infinity. We first show the extreme spot sizes, spot rotation angle, and angular speed for the vortex beam. Our formulas efficiently differentiate between vortex OAM beams and asymmetry OAM beams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113572"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metasurface-enabled diffractive neural networks for multi-label classification","authors":"Zhongliang Li ,&nbsp;Shuai Zhou ,&nbsp;Di Wang ,&nbsp;He Ren ,&nbsp;Zhao Li ,&nbsp;Zhigang Fan ,&nbsp;Yuxiang Feng ,&nbsp;Shouqian Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical neural networks have attracted considerable attention due to their capability to facilitate high-speed and low-power neuromorphic computation at the physical level. Diffractive neural networks represent a class of optical neural network architectures that are based on the Huygens-Fresnel principle. This paper presents a diffractive neural network based on silicon-based dielectric metasurfaces. A multi-label classification task, which improves classification efficiency and increases the ability of computation compared to traditional handwritten digit classification tasks, is proposed as a means of training this neural network and exploring its classification capabilities. The proposed approach offers a new way for the application of diffractive neural networks in the domain of target classification and recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113594"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BICFusion: An unsupervised infrared and visible image fusion framework for beyond illumination constraints","authors":"Jinye Peng ,&nbsp;Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Shenglin Peng ,&nbsp;Zhaoke Liu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Shuyi Qu ,&nbsp;Jun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Infrared and visible image fusion is aimed at merging features from both modalities in order to produce a more information-rich fused image. However, the majority of existing methods have overlooked the specific requirements and challenges inherent in fusion tasks under low-light conditions. In such scenes, texture degradation due to poor illumination is common, and furthermore, local overexposure may result in significant information loss. To tackle these challenges, a novel framework named BICFusion is introduced, which addresses these issues through reflectance separation, cross-modal feature compensation, and dual enhancement of texture and contrast. The Retinex theory is employed to design a network that extracts reflectance representing the intrinsic structure and details of the scene from the visible image, thereby providing the fusion result with rich structural information under minimal illumination constraints. The cross-modal feature guidance weighting module (CFGW) is developed to compensate for missing details by leveraging the infrared image when the visible image lacks sufficient texture information due to adverse lighting conditions such as low light or overexposure. Subsequently, the texture enhancement fusion module (TEFM) and the global-local contrast enhancement loss function are proposed to jointly enhance the fusion quality in terms of texture and contrast. Experiments conducted with twelve state-of-the-art methods on three publicly available datasets validate the superior performance of BICFusion in preserving fine details under low-light and overexposed conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113554"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic-field-assisted laser cladding of SDSS 2507 on SS 420: An experimental investigation and multi-objective optimization","authors":"Indranil Mandal,&nbsp;Vidyapati Kumar,&nbsp;Partha Saha","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving high hardness in laser-clad layers remains crucial for surface engineering. The present study compares four multi-objective algorithms—Multi-objective Bonobo Optimizer (MOBO), Multi-objective Dragonfly Algorithm (MODA), Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO), and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) to optimize processing parameters during single-track laser cladding of Super Duplex Stainless Steel (SDSS) 2507 on SS 420, with/without a steady magnetic field (MF). Magnetostrictive effects were examined to enhance microhardness and reduce thermal stress. The researchers did not investigate such a study earlier. Geometrical features, microstructure, XRD and EDS analysis, microhardness, and thermal stress of the clad layer were evaluated. The comparative analysis indicated that MOBO was the most effective algorithm for this specific optimization challenge, offering the most consistent and accurate approximation of the true Pareto front. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods were employed to select the most appropriate solution from the Pareto set generated by MOBO. The optimum processing parameters were 973 W of laser power, 400 mm/min of scanning speed, and 3 mT of magnetic field strength. Experimental validation results were in perfect conformity with the model. The coatings are in acceptable condition, with an average microhardness of 432.25 HV_0.05 and a dilution of 0.49. The maximum average error among experimental validation and model predictions for dilution and microhardness was 4.08 % and 0.59 %, respectively. MF-assisted cladding refined microstructure, enhancing microhardness, minimizing dilution/thermal stress, and preventing plastic deformation. This approach improves dimensional accuracy in SS420 injection moulding dies by reducing surface wear during repetitive contact with mould materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113603"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimisation of laser parameters for fabrication of microchannels on PMMA using Kr-F pulsed laser","authors":"D. Deepak Singh ,&nbsp;M. Shanmuka Srinivas ,&nbsp;S. Purushothaman ,&nbsp;M. Ravi Sankar ,&nbsp;Nagahanumaiah","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113575","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microchannels are most widely used in point of care (PoC) devices and microfluidic systems for medical and diagnostic applications. Fabrication of microchannels by traditional techniques has always been challenging. The current research is focused on fabricating them on polymers such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) for their bio-compatibility and other added advantages using laser. Kr-F pulsed laser of 248 nm wavelength has been used for this study, and the effects of laser parameters on the geometry of microchannels machined on PMMA are reported. Parameters such as channel width, channel depth, roughness, and wall angle are measured, in order to study the effects of laser parameters and optimise them with the objective to achieve desirable microchannel characteristics such as smooth surfaces, uniform depth, and square channels. A response surface methodology (RSM) based experimental design was used to optimise the laser parameters. Laser energy at 310 mJ, with scan speed of 10 mm/min, and frequency of 32 Hz has provided with the channels of desired quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113575"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser peening induced stress forming and dislocation evolution of the integral stiffened plate: fatigue crack growth behavior under three-point bending cyclic loading","authors":"Gaoqiang Jiang ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Lei Huang ,&nbsp;Xiankai Meng ,&nbsp;Shu Huang ,&nbsp;Jianzhong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive process of forming manufacturing and fatigue performance enhancement by laser peening (LP/LPF) was proposed for integral skin structure. The forming law for integral stiffened plate was explored, and the dislocation features of typical positions after LPF was characterized. The inhibition mechanism of crack propagation by grain refinement, dislocation evolution, and compressive residual stress (CRS) implantation in typical positions induced by LP and deformation was analyzed. The fatigue crack growth behavior and fatigue life extension mechanism under three-point bending cyclic loading mode were revealed. Results revealed that the stiffener decrease the bending curvature by 17.3 times. LP causes a fine-grained layer containing high-density dislocations, accompanied by increased and coarsened second phase. The dislocation density and second phase precipitation in the compressed region only affected by CRS decrease, and many subgrains appear. Under three-point bending cyclic loading mode, the fatigue life of LPFed samples increase by 8.6, 10.6, and 11.3 times. The compressed stiffener perpendicular to crack increase the distance and area to inhibit propagation, and overlapping spots induced rough surface “guides” the deviated crack return. High-density dislocations and compressed fine grain layers implanted by LP and deformation have dislocation strengthening, fine grain strengthening, and compression toughening effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}