Taocui Yan , Yuanyuan Jia , Guowei Zuo , Jinglong Du , Baoru Han
{"title":"NPCA-wbcNet: advanced neuron-position correlation attention network for white blood cell classification via optical microscopic imaging in leukemia diagnosis","authors":"Taocui Yan , Yuanyuan Jia , Guowei Zuo , Jinglong Du , Baoru Han","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113486","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113486","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical microscopic imaging is crucial for identifying and enumerating different types of white blood cells (WBCs), which are essential for diagnosing hematological disorders like leukemia. However, the subtle morphological differences among various WBC types pose challenges to accurate classification, even for experienced experts. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool to enhance optical microscopic imaging in WBC classification. Therefore, this study proposes a novel convolutional neural network with neuron-position correlation attention (NPCA) named NPCA-wbcNet to overcome this challenge of WBC classification. Specifically, the NPCA could effectively generate 3D weights to infer the discrimination and importance of each neuron and establish interactive relationships between different locations and channels, thereby highlighting the location and shape of the target category in the image and enhancing the identification of fine-grained features. Additionally, we replace some regular convolutions with partial convolutions, which makes the model more lightweight and achieves better results in extracting spatial features. We evaluate the performance of our model on DrlWBCs, a new dataset of 24,713 blood smear images with five WBC subtypes. The model achieved an accuracy of 98.46 % for WBC classification, and the acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) diagnostic accuracy on the ALL-IDB2 dataset was 98.08 %. Overall, our method surpasses other state-of-the-art methods in terms of accuracy, precision, and F1-score performance metrics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113486"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Changchuan Chen , Yao Peng , Ziqiang He , Shaosheng Dai , Pingchuan Wen , Hongyu Long , Jinsong Liu , Zhongyuan Guo , Dachuan Jiang , Zhengyu Tao
{"title":"Data-driven optimization of modulation matrices for low-sampling-rate single-pixel imaging","authors":"Changchuan Chen , Yao Peng , Ziqiang He , Shaosheng Dai , Pingchuan Wen , Hongyu Long , Jinsong Liu , Zhongyuan Guo , Dachuan Jiang , Zhengyu Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113555","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113555","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-pixel imaging is a novel optical detection technique based on computational imaging principles. Its core idea is to use a single-pixel detector, which lacks spatial resolution, to acquire high-dimensional scene information through light field modulation and algorithmic reconstruction. However, the fixed arrangement of traditional modulation matrices can introduce redundant features, limiting sampling efficiency and image quality. To address this issue, this paper proposes an optimized modulation matrix—the Convolution Matrix (CM). This matrix replaces the traditional modulation matrix by utilizing its local correlation properties, capturing target information and texture features through convolution, thus reducing redundant information encoding. In addition, a Feature Reconstruction Single-Pixel Imaging Network (FRSPINet) is designed, which integrates an efficient multi-scale attention mechanism. It optimizes high-frequency detail reconstruction by channel-space interactive weight allocation, addressing image degradation issues at low sampling rates. Experimental results show that at a 10 % sampling rate, FRSPINet with the convolution matrix achieves Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) values of 98.1 % and 92.2 % on the MNIST and Fashion MNIST datasets, respectively. On the TFI dataset, the SSIM value is 93.2 %. In practical tests on mini-digits and mini-fashion datasets, the SSIM values between under-sampled and full-sampled reconstructed images are 94.5 % and 87.8 %, respectively. The proposed optimized matrix and image reconstruction network significantly improve image reconstruction quality and provide new insights for research in the field of single-pixel imaging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113555"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A review of underwater skylight polarization detection","authors":"Xinlong Zhu , Xiaohan Guo , Fang Kong , Farhad Banoori , Wenli Ren , Fangzheng Ding , Yinjing Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113505","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113505","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Underwater skylight polarization detection, as an important branch of underwater polarization detection and a cutting-edge technology at the intersection of optics and marine science, has received extensive attention and research in recent years. This review aims to comprehensively revisit the research progress in underwater skylight polarization detection, with a focus on analyzing the distribution characteristics of skylight polarization in underwater environments, the current development of polarization imaging devices, and their applications. Firstly, the article introduces the current research status of polarization distribution patterns of underwater skylight, explores the polarization characteristics of underwater light under different water quality and environmental conditions, and analyzes the polarization distribution laws of skylight in water under different influencing factors. Secondly, the technological progress of polarization imaging devices in recent years was reviewed, including polarization sensors, polarization imagers, and their applications in underwater environments. The component structures and performance characteristics of various polarization detection devices are analyzed, and emphasis is placed on their practical application effects within underwater detection systems. Through in-depth analysis of these two parts, this article summarizes the current status and future development directions of underwater sky polarization detection technology, emphasizing the broad application prospects of polarization detection in underwater imaging, environmental monitoring, and target recognition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuo Zhang, Yichen Yang, Bo Hu, Yuzhan Han, Youqing Ma, Shaochuang Liu
{"title":"High-accuracy asteroid 3D modelling method based on stereo images and laser altimetry data","authors":"Shuo Zhang, Yichen Yang, Bo Hu, Yuzhan Han, Youqing Ma, Shaochuang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113501","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113501","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asteroid 3D modelling is of great significance for asteroid exploration mission. Asteroid 3D modelling method based on the combined adjustment of stereo images and laser altimetry data is proposed. The methodological novelty is: (1) 3D modeling pipeline for asteroids is proposed, include: laser footprint positioning, laser point image coordinate extraction, combined adjustment and PMVS (Patch based Multi View Stereo). (2) combined adjustment model integrating stereo image and laser altimeter data has been established. The boresight misalignment and the eccentric distance of the main camera, the laser altimeter pointing angle, are added as additional parameters for improved accuracy. The accuracy and effectiveness are verified by simulated experiment. Through verification, the highest RMS (Root Mean Square) of laser point positioning is 0.85 mm, and the lowest RMS is 35.18 mm. The checkpoints RMS for 3D modelling, the highest is 4.55 mm and the lowest is 11.66 mm. Through the linear fitting analysis, it is determined that the modeling accuracy is 0.16 m at a photography distance of 500 m and 0.31 m at a photography distance of 1000 m. Through calculation, the Pearson correlation coefficient reaches 0.97. This shows that the proposed model has a high correlation with the original model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113501"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144596297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optical-computing-based fiber nonlinearity compensation using a 2×4 micro-ring array","authors":"Jian Zhao , Yihan Liu , Tianhua Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an optical-computing-based approach for compensating nonlinear impairments in optical fiber communication systems. By leveraging a <span><math><mn>2</mn><mo>×</mo><mn>4</mn></math></span> electro-optically modulated micro-ring array, the proposed method computes the product of three real numbers in a single operation, thereby enabling efficient triplet generation for perturbation-based nonlinear compensation. This approach can significantly boost computational efficiency and lower energy consumption. Our results show that optical-computing triplets provide Q-factor improvements on par with those achieved by electrical-computing triplets, with errors following a normal pattern. The scalability of the architecture is examined for higher-dimensional operations. Despite inherent errors, the artificial neural network can effectively compensate for these discrepancies, demonstrating the excellent robustness and practical value in high-capacity optical networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"In-situ monitoring and metallographic observations of mass transfer and defect formation during AlSi10Mg additive manufacturing using powder sheets","authors":"Pengfei Guo , Joerg Volpp , Himani Naesstroem , Silvia Marola , Wenyou Zhang , Johanne Mouzon , Riccardo Casati , Michael Gibbons , Rocco Lupoi , Alexander F.H. Kaplan","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113495","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113495","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal additive manufacturing using powder sheets (MAPS) melts powder attached in a sheet with a polymer binder, avoiding risks of loose powders in material waste, safety and health during laser additive manufacturing among other for e-mobility applications. However, this concept remains challenging for aluminum alloys due to occurring defects. To address this challenge, the mass transfer and defect formation mechanism during MAPS-AlSi10Mg were investigated using high-speed imaging and metallographic observations. The results showed that the mass transfer is realized via droplets formed first from the powder sheet in front of the melt pool and their incorporations into the melt pool. However, a much laser defocusing significantly inhibits the droplets’ incorporation into the melt pool and promotes the balling. Polymer coatings or it wrapped into the AlSi10Mg droplets, generates the inclusions once the droplets were incorporated into the melt pool. Furthermore, under the laser beam in focus, the large particle-size powder sheet, powder side up or low scanning speed easily induce pores via shielding gas/polymer vapor inclusion. The laser defocusing of +15 mm, average laser intensity of <span><math><mrow><mn>1.6</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mn>5</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> W/cm<sup>2</sup>, and binder side up induce defect-free tracks, owing to the complete removal of polymers by their sufficient evaporation and powder agglomeration spatters. This work unveils that the droplets’ incorporation into melt pool leads to the mass transfer of MAPS-AlSi10Mg while the droplets containing polymers and gas/vapor inclusion generate inclusions and pores. Meanwhile, the defect-free production strategy of suitable defocusing and high laser intensity is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113495"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ondřej Stránský , Sunil Pathak , Ondřej Gregor , Miroslav Sahul , Jaromír Kopeček , Petr Mikeš , Libor Beránek , Jan Kaufman
{"title":"Laser shock peening without coating for WAAM printed aluminum alloys: Impacts on porosity, microstructure, and surface quality","authors":"Ondřej Stránský , Sunil Pathak , Ondřej Gregor , Miroslav Sahul , Jaromír Kopeček , Petr Mikeš , Libor Beránek , Jan Kaufman","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) using aluminum alloys supports high deposition rates and the production of geometrically complex components, making it viable for aerospace components and rapid prototyping. Though, WAAM tends to introduce tensile residual stresses, porosity, and poor surface integrity, which compromise mechanical performance. In this study, laser shock peening without coating (LSPwC) was used as a post-processing method to overcome these drawbacks. LSPwC generated beneficial compressive residual stresses (>90 MPa to 1 mm), improved the microstructure, and decreased porosity by more than 50 % along with visible alterations in pore shape. Although<!--> <!-->surface roughness<!--> <!-->was<!--> <!-->enhanced<!--> <!-->by<!--> <!-->the<!--> <!-->lack<!--> <!-->of a protective layer during peening,<!--> <!-->surface hardness was<!--> <!-->found to improve. These findings prove the prospect of combining LSPwC with WAAM towards more efficient and durable production of high-performance aluminum parts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113518"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phase measuring deflectometry based microscopy for shape visualization and thickness quantification","authors":"Shivam Sharma , Vismay Trivedi , Swapnil Mahajan , Gyanendra Sheoran , Bahram Javidi , Arun Anand","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shape profiling and thickness information of living cells can provide critical insights about the cells, which can help in their identification and characterization. Most living cells are difficult to image as they are very small and almost transparent. In conventional bright-field microscopy, this issue is resolved by using staining agents, but they can potentially disrupt a cell’s natural life cycle. Generally, to address this issue, quantitative phase contrast imaging, such as digital holography is employed, as it provides direct phase information. However, in some practical applications, employing the digital holography technique can become challenging due to stringent optical requirements and its high sensitivity to thickness change. Here, we present phase measuring deflectometry as a microscopy technique by employing a four-step phase-shifting method for shape visualization and thickness measurement of transparent micro-objects. The technique provides phase that is proportional to the deflection angle, which, in turn, depends on the gradient of the optical thickness of the sample. So, the system was calibrated using a 5 μm diameter transparent polystyrene microsphere. A scaling factor was determined by the calibration process, which was then tested by measuring the thickness of a 15 μm diameter transparent polystyrene microsphere. This result obtained with phase measuring deflectometry agrees with the digital holographic microscopy measurement. The proposed technique was further used for visualization and thickness measurement of the red blood cells (RBCs). Based on the available information, the presented technique and algorithm have not been previously exploited for shape visualization and thickness measurement of transparent micro-objects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113524"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144570488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrically tunable photon-pair generation in nanostructured NbOCl2 for quantum communications","authors":"Omar A.M. Abdelraouf","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entangled photon-pair sources are foundational to advancing quantum technologies, including secure communication, quantum sensing, and imaging. For deployment in space-constrained environments such as satellite-based quantum networks or portable devices, compact, reconfigurable, and efficient entanglement sources are essential. Here, we present an electrically tunable entangled photon-pair source utilizing a nanostructured NbOCl<sub>2</sub> crystal, engineered for operation in the telecommunication C-band. The inherent non-centrosymmetric lattice symmetry of NbOCl<sub>2</sub> enables direct generation of polarization-entangled Bell states without the need for post-selection, leveraging its exceptional second-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ<sup>(2)</sup> ≈ 100 pm/V), which surpasses conventional nonlinear materials. By nanopatterning NbOCl<sub>2</sub> into a high-quality-factor metasurface, we achieve three orders of magnitude enhancement in photon-pair generation efficiency via resonant excitation of bound states in the continuum resonance, which intensify light-matter interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate in situ electrical tunability of the photon-pair emission wavelength over a 250 nm range (1450–1700 nm) by dynamically modulating surrounding liquid crystal layer. Remarkably, the decoupling of photon-pair generation rate and spectral tunability ensures high brightness, above 10<sup>4</sup> coincidences, under active tuning. The air stability and mechanical robustness of NbOCl<sub>2</sub> further enhance its practicality for real-world deployment. This work establishes NbOCl<sub>2</sub> as a superior material for scalable, on-chip quantum light sources, paving the way for integrated quantum communication systems, adaptive sensors, and portable quantum devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113517"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tian Yang , Zhanzheng Ren , Song Zhang , Chen Chen , Junlin Lai , Fei Wu , Fei Liu
{"title":"Pixelwise calibration and measurement method of dense laser stripes with large diffraction and distortion","authors":"Tian Yang , Zhanzheng Ren , Song Zhang , Chen Chen , Junlin Lai , Fei Wu , Fei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2025.113454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laser three-dimensional (3D) scanner is widely used to obtain the 3D shapes in complex scenes. The more stripes of laser 3D scanner, the higher measurement efficiency. However, dense laser stripes (DLS) (more than 20 laser stripes) causes large angle diffraction and increases the manufacturing distortion, which significantly decreased the accuracy of the DLS 3D scanner. To address this issue, we propose a pixelwise calibration and measurement method for DLS 3D scanner. In calibration, the DLS are projected onto a calibration tool. Two cameras capture the deformed DLS patterns. We use the stereo rectification and center extraction to obtain the center points of each stripe in two patterns. Then, we move the calibration tool to different distances, and obtain the center points of each stripe in different distances. We select the center points at different distances for each row of each stripe, and model the relationship between two cameras by a cubic equation in one variable in the imaging plane with these center points. We repeat the process for all the rows of stripes, so as to create the pixelwise relation between the two cameras and DLS. The experimental results show that the mean calibration accuracy of the proposed method is 96% higher than that of the planar model and 92% higher than that of the 3D quadratic surface model. In measurement, we take advantage of the calibrated DLS system to increase the measurement precision. The center points are corrected with the calibrated parameters row by row, stripe by stripe using least squares iterations. The experimental results show that the measurement accuracy of the standard spheres increased by 40% and that of low-reflectivity objects increased by 74% compared to the results of stereo reconstruction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"192 ","pages":"Article 113454"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144572117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}