Optics and Laser Technology最新文献

{"title":"Bulk damage growth characteristics and ultrafast diagnosis of fluoride-containing phosphate glasses induced by 355-nm laser","authors":"Shengwu Li ,&nbsp;Yong Jiang ,&nbsp;Rui Wan ,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To comprehensively reveal the influence regularity of different glass melting temperatures on the ultraviolet (UV) laser-induced damage resistance of fluoride-containing phosphate glasses, the initial bulk damage, damaged growth, and dynamic behaviors of both fundamental-frequency (1ω) absorptive and third-harmonic-frequency (3ω) transparent fluoride-containing phosphate glasses are explored utilizing the time-resolved pump–probe shadowgraph technique. A low-temperature (1000 °C) glass melting process resulted in an increase in the absorption coefficient at 355 nm and decrease in the optical bandgap for the 1ω absorptive glass. The produced 1ω absorptive glass was subjected to higher shock pressure and shock temperature on the rear surface after a single-pulse laser irradiation, and had a more serious filamentation damage accompanied by a funnel-shape morphology. With the subsequent multiples irradiation, the initial bulk damage area increased exponentially with a growth coefficient of 0.72. The corresponding exponential growth coefficient for the counterpart 1ω absorptive glass melted at a high temperature (1200 °C) was only 0.32 due to its slight initial bulk damage. In contrast, for the 3ω transparent glass, the high-temperature (1200 °C) melting process led to a larger initial bulk damage area and largest exponential growth coefficient of 0.91, 1.1 times that of the 3ω transparent glass melted at a low temperature (1000 °C). They exhibited wave-packed damaged morphologies extending from the rear surface into the glass body. The melting temperatures exhibited the opposite influence regularity for these two investigated fluoride-containing phosphate glasses. The high-temperature (1200 °C) melting process favored the improvement in UV laser-induced damage resistance of the 1ω absorptive glass, as evidenced by the higher UV laser-induced damage threshold and lower damage growth coefficient, while the low-temperature (1000 °C) melting process exerted similar effects on the 3ω transparent glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112222"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A robust feature-based full-field initial value estimation in path-independent digital image correlation for large deformation measurement","authors":"Jianlong Zhao ,&nbsp;Yong Sang ,&nbsp;Fuhai Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The feature-based path-independent digital image correlation (DIC) method has been shown to be a formidable tool for non-contact, full-field measurement of large deformation, but its effectiveness hinges crucially on acquiring sufficient matched features to perform a reliable full-field initial value estimation (IVE) for all points of interest (POIs), thus ensuring their successful and rapid convergence in the succeeding path-independent iterative DIC refinement. This prerequisite is a challenging task particularly when confronted with large deformation. Moreover, in many real-world measurement scenarios, the accuracy of IVE is also influenced by image noise, such as Gaussian noise and shot noise, further compounding the challenge. To mitigate these issues, we propose a robust feature-based full-field IVE method. The core of this method consists of two main components: (i) For feature detection, we leverage the strengths of nonlinear multiscale representations on speckle images using an Accelerated-KAZE (A-KAZE) detector, which extracts features in a nonlinear scale space via nonlinear diffusion filtering. Noise is suppressed and edges are preserved. Compared to existing state-of-the-art feature detectors used in DIC, such as Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and Speeded-Up Robust Feature (SURF) detectors, which rely on the use of Gaussian linear scale spaces, the A-KAZE-based nonlinear scale space detector identifies more salient features with higher localization accuracy. (ii) For feature description, considering the need for robustness against large deformation and the computational burden of descriptor matching for considerable salient features that may be detected in speckle images, we introduce a robust Gradient Location and Orientation Histogram (GLOH) descriptor and propose an improved version of it. The GLOH's improved version incorporates a restricted adaptive binning (RAB) strategy to optimize the descriptor’s structure parameters, which is able to reduce the computational cost of descriptor matching through restricting its dimensionality while without sacrificing its robustness and discriminability. These two components are designed to provide sufficient matched features for a full-field IVE. The initial deformation for each POI is estimated independently by fitting a local affine transformation model, which is refined to subpixel accuracy through iterative path-independent DIC analysis. To handle complex large deformation, the inverse compositional Gauss-Newton (IC-GN) algorithm with a second-order shape function is employed. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that our method has improved IVE accuracy as well as behaves more robustness against local geometric transformations and image noise including Gaussian noise and shot noise, as compared to existing state-of-the-art feature-based full-field IVE methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term high-precision monitoring system for laser parameters in large-aperture dual-wavelength LiDAR","authors":"Bin Ma ,&nbsp;Xiangyue Zheng ,&nbsp;Jing Li ,&nbsp;Chao Pan ,&nbsp;Zuohan Li ,&nbsp;Chunling He ,&nbsp;Dongyue Yan ,&nbsp;Yifan Chen ,&nbsp;Qiaofei Pan ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Hou ,&nbsp;ZhanShan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In specific LiDAR application scenarios, maintaining laser systems is either highly challenging or practically infeasible. Therefore, it is crucial to rigorously evaluate laser stability prior to operational deployment. This paper presents a high-precision, long-term monitoring system for laser parameters in large-aperture, dual-wavelength LiDAR. The system integrates several modules designed to monitor critical laser parameters, as well as several environmental monitoring modules to track fluctuations in environmental parameters. Through the implementation of a diverse set of hardware and software operational strategies, the system guarantees secure and stable, unattended monitoring of LiDAR stability. By correlating laser parameters with environmental variations, this system offers a comprehensive and precise solution for assessing the reliability and stable operation capability of LiDAR systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112200"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ablation-cooling effect during nanosecond laser precision machining of CFRP","authors":"Guanglei Chen ,&nbsp;Yunxia Ye ,&nbsp;Ziqin Hong ,&nbsp;Zhao Yuan ,&nbsp;Xudong Ren ,&nbsp;Liping Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heat-affected zone (HAZ) in laser machining of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) is an important factor affecting the assembly and service performance of CFRP. The ablation-cooling effect induced by nanosecond laser can be used to control HAZ of CFRP and improve the machining efficiency simultaneously. In this paper, the influence of key parameters such as peak power density, pulse width and repetition frequency on the formation mechanism of HAZ and the conditions for ablation-cooling are studied based on simulation and experiment. The simulation results show that ablation-cooling is more likely to occur at the high peak power density and high repetition frequency. When the peak power density is ≥10⁸ W/cm², the ablation-cooling effect plays a leading role, and the removal amount of fiber and resin is the same, so that the no HAZ processing is realized. The pulse width affects the width of HAZ through the ablation mechanism. The experimental results show that when the peak power density is greater than 10⁸ W/cm², the ablation-cooling effect effectively reduces HAZ and increases the removal amount, which is consistent with the simulation law.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-quality Fourier single-pixel imaging via a block-scanning approach","authors":"Wenjie Zhao ,&nbsp;Minghui Duan ,&nbsp;Haojie Xia ,&nbsp;Yabing Zheng ,&nbsp;Ruihu Zhang ,&nbsp;Huaian Chen ,&nbsp;Yi Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fourier single-pixel imaging (FSI) has attracted wide attention as a promising spatial imaging technique. However, Full sampling requires a substantial collection of Fourier-basis patterns. An under-sampling strategy leads to losing image details, resulting in poorer reconstruction quality. To this end, this work proposes a novel FSI method called Block-Scan FSI (BSFSI) to address this problem. Specifically, we establish a comprehensive error model involving system and random error. The established model unveils that reducing the frequency range of modulation patterns can improve image quality by suppressing systematic and random errors. Accordingly, we present a block-scanning structured illumination strategy to reduce error levels and construct a flexible BSFSI system for implementing this block-scanning strategy. Simulation and experimental results showed that the proposed BSFSI method uses only 25% of the pattern types while achieving an impressive 14% improvement in image quality compared to the traditional FSI method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing laser cutting of stainless steel using latin hypercube sampling and neural networks","authors":"Sket Kristijan,&nbsp;Potocnik David,&nbsp;Berus Lucijano,&nbsp;Hernavs Jernej,&nbsp;Ficko Mirko","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112220","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112220","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optimizing cutting parameters in fiber laser cutting of austenitic stainless steel is challenging due to the complex interplay of multiple variables and quality metrics. To solve this problem, Latin hypercube sampling was used to ensure a comprehensive and efficient exploration of the parameter space with a smaller number of trials (185), coupled with feedforward neural networks for predictive modeling. The networks were trained with a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy to mitigate overfitting. Different configurations of hidden layers, neurons, and training functions were used. The approach was focused on minimizing dross and roughness on both the top and bottom areas of the cut surfaces. During the testing phase, an average MSE of 0.063 and an average MAPE of 4.68% were achieved by the models. Additionally, an experimental test was performed on the best parameter settings predicted by the models. Initial modelling was conducted for each quality metric individually, resulting in an average percentage difference of 1.37% between predicted and actual results. Grid search was also performed to determine an optimal input parameter set for all outputs, with predictions achieving an average accuracy of 98.34%. Experimental validation confirmed the accuracy and robustness of the model predictions, demonstrating the effectiveness of the methodology in optimizing multiple parameters of complex laser cutting processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112220"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"100 mJ pulse operation in thermal lens Q-switching Nd: YAG MOPA","authors":"Zheyuan Li,&nbsp;Shiyu Wang,&nbsp;Zhen Guo,&nbsp;Taibo Wang,&nbsp;Lequn Li,&nbsp;Bing bin Li,&nbsp;Defang Cai,&nbsp;Qian Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we report an Nd: YAG master oscillator power amplifier(MOPA) based on a thermal lens Q-switching oscillator and unilateral side-pumped power amplifier system. We first proposed the thermal lens Q-switching oscillator as a viable method for Q-switching solid-state lasers. Here, we discuss more technical theory and details, focusing mainly on the selection of operating frequency and methods for enhancing pulse energy. Further, a two-stage unilateral side-pumped solid-state power amplifier is proposed because it has high pumping power and a compact structure and does not require water cooling. Optimal unilateral side-pumping amplification was discussed based on the simulation of the pump light and gain distribution. An above Nd: YAG MOPA device was also constructed. When the oscillator’s pump power, pump pulse width, and pump frequency are 415 W, 200 μs, and 5 Hz respectively, and the total pump power and pump pulse width of the two-stage amplifier are 4150 W, 3900 W, and 300 μs respectively, a pulse output of 85.2 mJ is generated, M² = 5.6. The results demonstrate that the Nd: YAG MOPA, based on thermal lens Q-switching, offers a viable method for generating high-energy pulses without the need for water cooling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112113"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical calculation of keyhole aperture morphology in laser deep penetration welding","authors":"Baoqi Zhu ,&nbsp;Wuxiong Yang ,&nbsp;Jianglin Zou ,&nbsp;Shun Xie ,&nbsp;Chao Fang ,&nbsp;Tao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The keyhole, as the primary feature of laser deep penetration welding, represents the principal site for achieving light-thermal energy conversion in the welding process. To study the three-dimensional morphology of keyhole, it was assumed in this paper that the temperature of molten liquid at the edge of keyhole aperture is boiling point temperature, and the boiling temperature isotherm on melt pool surface was calculated based on two different treatment methods of heat source to estimate keyhole aperture profile. Then it was subsequently verified by using in-situ optical observation and the method about melt pool quick freezing to retain keyhole. The results show that keyhole aperture in laser deep penetration welding can be divided into the zone formed by laser direct heating and the zone formed by laser-induced vapor eruption from front keyhole wall. The former is closely related to the laser energy distribution on material surface rather than the laser energy distribution in the direction of keyhole depth, while the latter is more susceptible to the influence of erupted laser-induced vapor related to the energy distribution on front keyhole wall. When the welding speed is low, the tilt angle of front keyhole wall is larger, the zone formed by laser-induced vapor eruption from the front keyhole wall is not obvious, and the zone formed by laser direct heating is approximately circular in shape. The profile of boiling temperature on the laser-induced melting pool surface calculated by the direct calculation method of laser heat source acted on material surface is consistent with the zone formed by laser direct heating. When the inclination angle of front keyhole wall is reduced by changing welding speed or material, the impact of laser-induced vapor emitted from front wall on rear wall is increased, resulting in an elliptical or “gourd” morphology of the keyhole aperture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser-arc hybrid welding of 25 mm high strength steel sections","authors":"Lingxiao Song ,&nbsp;Peilei Zhang ,&nbsp;Zufa Li ,&nbsp;Jie Zeng ,&nbsp;Junbo Feng ,&nbsp;Xunzuo Su ,&nbsp;Jixuan Li ,&nbsp;Zhishui Yu ,&nbsp;Gan Xia","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research delves into the underlying mechanisms of laser-arc hybrid welding (LAHW) for 25 mm-thick EH36 high-strength steel, examining the impact of varying groove widths on the welding process. Experimental results show that the groove width substantially influences weld formation, arc characteristics, and droplet transitions. Narrower grooves are prone to sidewall arc attraction, which increases the likelihood of arc interruptions and the deflection angles of droplets. A wider groove width promotes a more stable arc, more consistent droplet transitions, and enhanced weld formation. Microstructural analysis reveals that narrower grooves correlate with rapid cooling rates in the lower regions of the weld, resulting in a higher martensite content and increased hardness. Wider grooves are associated with slower cooling rates, a higher formation of bainite, and a less pronounced trend of hardness increase.</div><div>With a 4 mm groove width, the LAHW process, consisting of a double-layer and two passes, was successfully applied to achieve single-sided welding that resulted in a double-sided formation in the 25 mm-thick EH36 high-strength steel. The resulting weld is defect-free and predominantly composed of columnar crystals. Hardness testing shows a general increase in hardness values within the weld zone, with variations observed in the remelting zone of the two weld layers. Tensile tests show that the weld achieves a maximum tensile strength of 553 MPa, with all samples fracturing in the base metal and exhibiting ductile fracture characteristics. The tensile strength of the weld meets the requirements of the base metal, indicating good ductility and toughness. The average impact energy of the base material is 138.9 J, the average impact energy of the heat-affected zone is 97.6 J, and the average impact energy of the weld is 109.0 J.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112193"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum chemical study of new oxadiazoles as efficient optical and nonlinear optical and photovoltaic materials under gas, PCM and COSMO solvent effects","authors":"Shamsa Bibi ,&nbsp;Jannat Bibi ,&nbsp;Shabbir Muhammad ,&nbsp;Shafiq urRehman ,&nbsp;Muhammad Adnan ,&nbsp;Iqra Kaifi ,&nbsp;Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry","doi":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.optlastec.2024.112099","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The science of organic optical and nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been captivating the scientific community owing to their extensive applications in optoelectronics, OLEDs, and telecommunications. This study presents the design and investigation of novel organic compounds of pyrene and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (&lt;strong&gt;1-oxza&lt;/strong&gt; to &lt;strong&gt;6-oxza&lt;/strong&gt;), featuring various push–pull combinations. Quantum chemical calculations were employed to determine linear polarizabilities (α) and third-order NLO polarizabilities (γ). Notably, the largest average third-order NLO polarizability value was found to be 254.9 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−36&lt;/sup&gt; esu for the finely tuned push–pull system &lt;strong&gt;6-oxza&lt;/strong&gt;, which is ∼35 times greater than that of the prototype NLO molecule of &lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-nitroaniline (&lt;em&gt;p&lt;/em&gt;-NA). Among the derivatives, &lt;strong&gt;1-oxza&lt;/strong&gt; exhibits the highest linear isotropic polarizability (α&lt;sub&gt;iso&lt;/sub&gt;) value of 61.59 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−24&lt;/sup&gt; esu, while 5&lt;strong&gt;-oxza&lt;/strong&gt; displays the highest linear anisotropic polarizability (α&lt;sub&gt;aniso&lt;/sub&gt;) value of 60.09 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−24&lt;/sup&gt; esu. A notable increase of approximately ∼1 to ∼2 times in &lt; γ &gt; is observed for selected compounds (&lt;strong&gt;1-oxza&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;4-oxza&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;6-oxza&lt;/strong&gt;), indicating that the Conductor-like Screening Model (COSMO) overestimates the values compared to the polarizable continuum model (PCM) and gas phases. Solvent significantly enhances third-order NLO polarizability amplitudes depending upon solvent polarity and strength of substitution groups. We calculated the frequency-dependent third-order NLO polarizability of &lt;strong&gt;6-oxza&lt;/strong&gt; at laser wavelengths ranging from 1400 to 1970 nm. The second hyperpolarizability EFISHG process (γ(−2ω; ω, ω, 0)) was calculated at a laser wavelength of 1400 nm, and the γ-amplitude was found to be 400.1 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−36&lt;/sup&gt; esu. The remarkable hyperpolarizability response in the gas phase is corroborated by TD-DFT calculations, which reveal a larger transition dipole moment of 3.062 and a lower transition energy of 3.780 eV as origin of larger hyperpolarizability for &lt;strong&gt;6-oxza&lt;/strong&gt;. A comprehensive analysis was performed based on FMOs for designed compounds to elucidate the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) mechanisms and observed a notable reduction in energy band gap 4.89 eV for &lt;strong&gt;6-oxza,&lt;/strong&gt; which is responsible for enhanced NLO response. Additionally, DOS maps revealed the quantitative contributions of HOMOs and LUMOs for crucial electronic states related to the efficient ICT process. Additionally, we analyzed the photovoltaic properties and found that &lt;strong&gt;6-oxza&lt;/strong&gt; has the highest dye regeneration and the lowest open-circuit voltages of 1.89 eV and 2.22 eV, respectively. Our designed model compounds can put real-time such compounds under spotlight of scientific interests which seeks more efficient optical and NLO properties.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/d","PeriodicalId":19511,"journal":{"name":"Optics and Laser Technology","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 112099"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142743352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}