Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Gender-Specific Dietary and Lifestyle Patterns Associated with Cardiometabolic Risk: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.","authors":"Mauro Lombardo, Jesse C Krakauer, Nir Y Krakauer, Massimiliano Caprio, Andrea Armani, Alessandra Feraco","doi":"10.3390/nu17101705","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gender differences in dietary patterns and lifestyle behaviours may influence abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk, but comprehensive analyses integrating these factors remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study including 1631 adults recruited from a centre specialising in nutrition and metabolic health. Food intake was assessed by 7-day food diaries and lifestyle behaviours were assessed by structured questionnaires. <i>Z</i> scores of a body shape index (zABSI) were calculated as a marker of abdominal adiposity. zABSI represents the standardised value of ABSI, an index specifically designed to assess abdominal adiposity independently of BMI Multivariable linear regression models, stratified by sex and adjusted for age, examined associations between dietary patterns, physical activity and zABSI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher intake of plant-based protein was significantly associated with lower zABSI values in women (β = -0.052, <i>p =</i> 0.0053) but not in men (β = -0.015, <i>p =</i> 0.2675). Stratified analyses revealed that women in the middle tertile of plant-based protein intake showed significantly lower zABSI values than men. Combined analyses showed that women classified as physically active and high consumers of plant-based protein had the most favourable abdominal adiposity profiles (<i>p =</i> 0.0036). Participation in endurance and strength sports was associated with lower zABSI values in both sexes, whereas women engaged in team sports had the lowest zABSI values. No significant interaction terms between sex and lifestyle were identified; however, male sex remained an independent predictor of higher zABSI values.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, plant-based dietary patterns and physical activity were associated with lower abdominal adiposity, especially among women. These findings suggest the importance of gender-specific strategies to address cardiometabolic risk and emphasise the need for prospective studies to confirm these associations and clarify the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Validation of Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Pre-School Children.","authors":"Jing Wen, Xiaoxuan Zhang, Xueqian Yin, Guansheng Ma, Junbo Wang","doi":"10.3390/nu17101704","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101704","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: This study aims to develop and validate the Nutrition Literacy Questionnaire for Chinese Pre-school Children (NLQ-PSC). <b>Methods</b>: The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by internal consistency, the construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and the content validity was assessed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. In order to analyze the application of NLQ-PSC, we conducted a cross-sectional study among 790 pre-school children. <b>Results</b>: From the literature review and qualitative methods, NLQ-PSC was developed, including two dimensions of knowledge and four practice dimensions. The NLQ-PSC questionnaire had good reliability and validity. The average NLQ-PSC score of all participants was 64.1 ± 11.0, and we found that older children, girls, and children who had well-educated parents presented higher nutrition literacy. <b>Conclusions</b>: NLQ-PSC has been validated and has shown good reliability and validity, and it could be considered a reliable tool to assess Chinese pre-school children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Inside the Gut-Brain Axis\": Psychological Profiles of Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and with Restrictive Eating Disorders.","authors":"Anna Riva, Gabriele Arienti, Giovanna Zuin, Laura Spini, Naire Sansotta, Andrea Eugenio Cavanna, Renata Nacinovich","doi":"10.3390/nu17101706","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Individuals with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) have an increased risk of developing psychiatric co-morbidities, including restrictive eating disorders (REDs), with which they share common pathogenic mechanisms, including gut-brain axis dysregulation. We conducted a case-control study systematically exploring the psychopathological profiles and alexithymia in adolescents with IBDs compared with a clinical group of adolescents diagnosed with REDs in order to test the hypothesis of common psychological characteristics between the two patient populations. <b>Methods</b>: We recruited 76 patients with IBDs and 76 age-matched controls with REDs (64 adolescents with anorexia nervosa and 12 adolescents with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder). All participants completed a validated psychometric battery assessing psychological symptoms (SCL-90-R), ED features (EDI-3), and alexithymia (TAS-20). Comprehensive socio-demographic and clinical data were extracted from the medical records. <b>Results</b>: A total of 12 patients with IBDs (15.8%) scored higher than the cut-off (>70th percentile) on the EDI-3 scale for Eating Disorder Risk (EDI-EDRC), with a psychological profile comparable to RED patients. Female gender (OR = 0.133, <i>p</i> = 0.020) and longer disease duration (OR = 1.055, <i>p</i> = 0.036) were identified as significant risk factors for the development of EDs. <b>Conclusions</b>: Our findings suggest common psychological traits between patients with REDs and patients with IBDs at risk of developing EDs during adolescence, highlighting the need for early screening for EDs in patients with IBDs who present with specific socio-demographic and disease characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114306/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the Regulation of Orthopaedic Diseases by Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Peng Sun, Jinchao Liu, Guannan Chen, Yilan Guo","doi":"10.3390/nu17101702","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exercise and diet modulate the gut microbiota, which is involved in the regulation of orthopaedic diseases and synthesises a wide range of metabolites that modulate cellular function and play an important role in bone development, remodelling and disease. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of transmembrane receptors in the human body, interact with gut microbial metabolites to regulate relevant pathological processes. This paper provides a review of different dietary and exercise effects on the pathogenic gut microbiota and their metabolites associated with GPCRs in orthopaedic diseases. RESULTS: Generally, metabolites produced by gut microbiota contribute to the maintenance of bone health by activating the corresponding GPCRs, which are involved in bone metabolism, regulation of immune response, and maintenance of gut flora homeostasis. Exercise and diet can influence gut microbiota, and an imbalance in gut microbiota homeostasis can trigger a series of adverse immune and metabolic responses by affecting GPCR function, ultimately leading to the onset and progression of various orthopaedic diseases. Understanding these relationships is crucial for elucidating the pathogenesis of orthopaedic diseases and developing personalised probiotic-based therapeutic strategies. In the future, we should further explore how to prevent and treat orthopaedic diseases through GPCR-based modulation of gut microbes and their interactions. The development of substances that precisely modulate gut microbes through different exercises and diets will provide more effective interventions to improve bone health in patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Pectoralis Muscle Analysis in Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Body Composition Evaluation Before and After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer.","authors":"Annarita Pecchi, Francesca Mogavero, Sara Zanni, Davide Vaccari, Riccardo Cuoghi Costantini, Fabio Canino, Federico Piacentini, Roberto D'Amico, Massimo Dominici, Pietro Torricelli","doi":"10.3390/nu17101698","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: sarcopenia is a physical condition characterized by the loss of muscle mass and strength; it is associated with worse outcomes in oncological diseases and is recognized as an independent predictor of poor survival. The aim of our work is to evaluate the correlation between the pectoralis muscles area (PMA) calculated in breast MRI examinations and the body composition parameters assessed in CT examinations, in order to identify a threshold useful for diagnosing sarcopenia in breast cancer patients who are candidates for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT), so as to be able to provide the correct nutritional counselling. <b>Methods</b>: we included 116 patients with non-metastatic breast cancer, who were studied with MRI before and after NACT, in the 2018-2023 period. All patients were categorized according to age, weight, height, and BMI. Using MRI scans, both before and after treatment, we measured the PMA at the level of the sternal angle of Louis and evaluated the changes caused by NACT, and we performed the same procedure for CT body composition parameters. <b>Results</b>: the ROC we calculated describes the ability of the PMA to discriminate sarcopenic patients from non-sarcopenic ones, identifying an optimal cut-off of 20.55, which achieves a specificity of 92%. The variations in PMA after NACT showed a strong, statistically significant association with the variations in all CT body composition parameters. <b>Conclusions</b>: these results introduce the possibility of also assessing body composition in breast MRI. The novelty in this study is to have estimated, on the basis of these correlations, a cut-off value that reflects the skeletal muscle index threshold for the definition of sarcopenia that is usually used.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113691/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crohn's Disease Patients Referred for Home Parenteral Nutrition-A Comprehensive Analysis of 18 Years' Experience at a National Reference Centre.","authors":"Sandra Banasiak, Mariusz Panczyk, Jacek Sobocki, Zuzanna Zaczek","doi":"10.3390/nu17101697","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101697","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Within 10 years of diagnosis, about 50% of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) require surgery. Repeated small bowel resections can lead to the development of short bowel syndrome (SBS). It is estimated that 65-75% of CD patients are malnourished. This retrospective observational study was conducted in a Polish reference centre for home parenteral nutrition (HPN). The aim of the study was to investigate the nutritional status and characteristics of patients with CD referred to HPN and to analyse the course of their HPN treatment. <b>Methods</b>: The study group consisted of all adult patients (N = 46) with CD who qualified for HPN between November 2004 and April 2022. <b>Results</b>: The most common indication for HPN was SBS (n = 27; 58.70%), followed by ineffective gastrointestinal nutrition causing progressive malnutrition (N = 9; 19.57%), fistulas (N = 6; 13.04%), and short bowel syndrome and fistulas (N = 4; 8.70%). According to the results of Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), 47.83% (N = 22) of patients were diagnosed with severe malnutrition, followed by 15 patients (32.61%) with moderate malnutrition. Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria showed that 71.73% (n = 33) of patients were malnourished on admission to the HPN centre. All patients received parenteral formulas based on individually tailored prescriptions. The results showed that patients with a stoma received statistically significantly higher PN volumes (<i>p</i> = 0.027) and higher amounts of amino acids (<i>p</i> = 0.046) and fat emulsion (<i>p</i> = 0.046). Septic complications were twice as common as mechanical or metabolic complications, although 43.47% of patients had no complications. At the time of data analysis, 19 patients (41.30%) had been successfully weaned from HPN, of whom 12 (26%) achieved nutritional autonomy after 136-1419 days (mean: 560 ± 380.9). <b>Conclusions</b>: Malnutrition is a major problem in CD patients, especially those with SBS. Early nutritional intervention and consideration of artificial nutrition in this study group (HPN) are necessary to prevent the long-term consequences of severe malnutrition. To our knowledge, this was the first study to report on Crohn's patients referred to long-term HPN. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of HPN on functional, laboratory, and anthropometric outcomes with a view to optimising treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Metabolic Aging Through Adenosine Mono Phosphate-Activated Protein Kinase and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin: A Comparative Study of Intermittent Fasting Variations in Obese Young Women.","authors":"Sheeny Priska Purnomo, Purwo Sri Rejeki, Raden Argarini, Shariff Halim, Dian Aristia Rachmayanti, Chy'as Diuranil Astrid Permataputri, Ivan Kristianto Singgih","doi":"10.3390/nu17101695","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101695","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Obesity accelerates metabolic aging through oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) are nutrient-sensing pathways regulating metabolism. AMPK promotes energy metabolism and autophagy, while excessive mTOR activity contributes to aging. Intermittent fasting (IF), including time-restricted feeding (TRF)-limiting food intake to a 6 h window (18:6)-and alternate-day modified fasting (ADMF)-alternating 24 h fasting (≤25% daily caloric intake) with unrestricted feeding-may improve metabolic regulation. However, their effects on AMPK, mTOR, and metabolic age remain unclear. <b>Methods:</b> This quasi-experimental pre-test-post-test control group study compared the TRF and ADMF on metabolic age, AMPK, and mTOR in young obese women. Twenty-four participants (mean age: 21.29 ± 1.76 years; body fat: 36.92 ± 3.18%; BMI: 29.68 ± 3.70 kg/m²) were initially matched by BMI and assigned to Control, TRF, and ADMF groups. A total of 4 participants (1 Control, 3 ADMF) were excluded due to outlier values, yielding final group sizes: Control (<i>n</i> = 7), TRF (<i>n</i> = 8), and ADMF (<i>n</i> = 5). The intervention lasted 20 days. <b>Results</b>: A significant decrease in AMPK levels was observed in the ADMF group (<i>p</i> = 0.043), while changes in the TRF and Control groups were not significant. mTOR levels showed a decreasing trend but were not statistically significant. No significant changes were found in metabolic age. <b>Conclusions:</b> Twenty days of intermittent fasting intervention did not significantly affect AMPK, mTOR, or metabolic age in young obese women. TRF may more effectively enhance AMPK and reduce mTOR, while ADMF may better reduce metabolic age.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114083/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying Longitudinal Compliance Patterns and Determinants in a Multifaceted Childhood Obesity Intervention Using Group-Based Trajectory Modeling.","authors":"Shiyu Yan, Wenhao Li, Miaobing Zheng, Jinlang Lyu, Shuang Zhou, Hui Wang, Yan Li, Haijun Wang","doi":"10.3390/nu17101701","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101701","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Identifying the factors influencing compliance is essential to improve the effectiveness of interventions. However, no study has examined factors that influence the longitudinal patterns of obesity intervention compliance. We aim to identify the longitudinal trajectories of parental and child compliance using group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) and assess the influencing factors. <b>Methods</b>: The Diet, ExerCIse, and CarDiovascular hEalth Children (DECIDE-Children) was a 9-month app-assisted obesity prevention intervention targeted 8-10-year-old children. Altogether, 684 child-parent pairs from the intervention group were included. Parents were required to use the mobile app to learn health knowledge, monitor children's diet and exercise behaviors, manage children's weight, and received the assessment results. Parental compliance was assessed as the monthly usage times and duration of the mobile app. For child compliance, we used data recorded by parents in the \"behavior monitoring\" module. We employed group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) to identify distinct trajectories of parental and child compliance and examined their associations with childhood obesity outcomes. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to identify the influencing factors associated with the identified compliance groups. <b>Results</b>: Distinct trajectory groups of parental and child compliance were identified. The compliance trajectories of parents and children are related to the extent of changes in the child's obesity-related outcomes (waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, and body fat percentage. <i>p</i> < 0.05). A majority of parents were classified into the \"relatively low compliance\" group. Parents in this group was associated with having a daughter (OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.17, 3.31) and the father having a higher education level (OR: 1.65, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.60). For children, 20.2% were assigned to the \"decreasing compliance\" group. Children in this group were more likely to have a younger mother (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.10) and parents with poorer compliance (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.16, 5.47). <b>Conclusions</b>: Both student and parental compliance were shown to influence the effectiveness of childhood obesity interventions, highlighting the need to prioritize the assessment and promotion of compliance in such interventions. Child sex, paternal educational level, and maternal age were identified as significant factors associated with compliance, while the level of family involvement was found to play a pivotal role in fostering healthy behaviors in children. These findings suggest that future intervention strategies should place greater emphasis on engaging families and providing targeted supervision and support for populations at risk of lower compliance in order to enhance intervention outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114602/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glutamine Administration Attenuates Poly(I:C)-Induced Lung Injury by Reducing Neutrophil Infiltration and Activating the TLR-3 Antiviral Pathway.","authors":"Li-Han Su, Wen-Chiuan Tsai, Hitoshi Shirakawa, Yu-Ling Tsai, Sung-Ling Yeh, Chiu-Li Yeh","doi":"10.3390/nu17101700","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101700","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: In this study, we investigated the effects of intravenous glutamine (GLN) administration on the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) antiviral pathway and leukocyte migration in mice with poly(I:C)-induced acute lung injury (ALI). <b>Methods</b>: There were four groups in this study: the NC group, mice without an intratracheal injection; the SH group, mice intratracheally injected with endotoxin-free saline; the PS group, intratracheally instilled with 3 mg poly(I:C)/kg body weight (BW), followed by an intravenous (IV) injection of saline; and the PG group, intratracheally injected with poly(I:C) followed by the IV administration of 0.75 g GLN/kg BW. Mice in the SH, PS, and PG groups were sacrificed at 4, 12, and 24 h after intratracheal instillation. <b>Results</b>: The results showed that poly(I:C) stimulation decreased the plasma GLN concentration and increased inflammatory cytokine levels. In bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, concentrations of interferon λ3 and percentages of macrophages and M1 macrophages decreased, while neutrophils increased along with significantly elevated myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissues. The gene expressions of molecules related to leukocyte migration increased, whereas tight/adherens junction expressions in endothelial and epithelial cells were reduced. GLN supplementation upregulated the mRNA and/or protein expressions of TLR3 antiviral pathway-related factors and tight/adherens junctions while reducing inflammatory cytokines and the expressions of leukocyte migration molecules. Histological results also showed that lung injury was attenuated. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings indicated that intravenous GLN administration after poly(I:C) instillation restored plasma GLN levels and alleviated ALI by activating the TLR3 antiviral pathway, suppressing leukocyte migration and neutrophil infiltration, mitigating inflammation, and improving the integrity of the alveolar-capillary barrier.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113983/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Characteristics of Vitamin D Deficiency Detected in Long COVID Patients During the Omicron Phase.","authors":"Yui Matsuda, Yasue Sakurada, Yasuhiro Nakano, Yuki Otsuka, Kazuki Tokumasu, Hiroyuki Honda, Yoshiaki Soejima, Yuya Yokota, Ryosuke Takase, Daisuke Omura, Fumio Otsuka","doi":"10.3390/nu17101692","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101692","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> To characterize the clinical significance of vitamin D deficiency (VDD) detected in long COVID, a retrospective observational study was performed for outpatients who visited our clinic during the period from May 2024 to November 2024. <b>Methods:</b> Clinical trends in long COVID patients diagnosed with VDD who showed serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) lower than 20 ng/mL were compared with those in long COVID patients in a non-deficient vitamin D (NDD) group. <b>Results:</b> Of 126 patients with long COVID, 97 patients (female: 50) who had been infected during the Omicron phase were included. Sixty-six patients (68%) were classified in the VDD group. The median serum concentrations of 25-OHD were 14.8 ng/mL in the VDD group and 22.9 ng/mL in the NDD group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, severity of COVID-19, period after infection and vaccination history. Although the levels of serum calcium and phosphate were not significantly different between the two groups, the percentages of patients in the VDD group who complained of dizziness, memory impairment, palpitation and appetite loss were larger than those in the NDD group. Of note, the patients who complained of palpitation showed significantly lower concentrations of serum 25-OHD than those in the patients without palpitation (median: 11.9 vs. 17.3 ng/mL). Moreover, patients in the VDD group had significantly higher scores for physical and mental fatigue as well as higher scores for depressive symptoms. <b>Conclusions:</b> Collectively, VDD is involved in clinical manifestations of long COVID, particularly symptoms of palpitation, fatigue and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}