Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Imaging and Microorganism Analyses of the Effects of Oral <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> Intake on Facial Skin in Females: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study.","authors":"Yuriko Nishikawa, Chendong Xu, Shin Yoshimoto, Noriko Katsumata, Noriyuki Iwabuchi, Naotake Yanagisawa, Shigeo Koido, Miyuki Tanaka, Jin-Zhong Xiao, Daisuke Asaoka, Toshifumi Ohkusa, Nobuhiro Sato","doi":"10.3390/nu17182976","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Oral probiotic intake is suggested to have positive effects on skin. We aimed to elucidate the effects of oral <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> M-16V intake on skin by analyzing facial images, the skin myco/microbiota, and the gut microbiota.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in Japan. Healthy women aged over 30 years were randomly allocated to either the <i>B. breve</i> (1 × 1010 colony-forming units (CFU)/sachet, two sachets daily) or the placebo group and consumed the corresponding study food for 12 weeks. Facial images were taken at weeks 0, 4, 8, and 12 using VISIA evolution. Stool and skin samples were collected at weeks 0 and 12. The primary outcome was the change in the total VISIA score from baseline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 120 females aged 30-79 years were assigned to the <i>B. breve</i> (<i>n</i> = 59) or placebo (<i>n</i> = 61) group. The total VISIA score worsened in the placebo group at week 8 (<i>p</i> = 0.029) but not in the <i>B. breve</i> group. Compared with that of the placebo group, the VISIA brown spot score of the <i>B. breve</i> group improved at weeks 4 (<i>p</i> = 0.013) and 8 (<i>p</i> = 0.041). The VISIA pore score improved at weeks 4 (<i>p</i> = 0.013), 8 (<i>p</i> = 0.041), and 12 (<i>p</i> = 0.004) within the <i>B. breve</i> group. Genus-level analysis of the gut microbiota revealed a significant increase in <i>Blautia</i> abundance in the <i>B. breve</i> group. The frequency of adverse events was not different between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral <i>B. breve</i> M-16V administration may suppress skin deterioration, including the appearance of brown spots, on the faces of adult females.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Muniz-Santos et al. The Influence of Competition Day Loads on the Metabolic and Immune Response of Olympic Female Beach Volleyball Athletes: A Sportomics Analysis. <i>Nutrients</i> 2025, <i>17</i>, 1924.","authors":"Renan Muniz-Santos, Flavio Bachini, Adriana Bassini, P C B Alexandre, Igor Jurisica, Vinod Chandran, L C Cameron","doi":"10.3390/nu17182978","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182978","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Flavio Bachini was not included as an author in the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473132/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiota Gut-Brain Axis and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives.","authors":"Andreas Petropoulos, Elisavet Stavropoulou, Christina Tsigalou, Eugenia Bezirtzoglou","doi":"10.3390/nu17182984","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182984","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Background/Objectives&lt;/b&gt;: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition often accompanied by gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and gut microbiota imbalances. The microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is a bidirectional communication network linking gut microbes, the GI system, and the central nervous system (CNS). This narrative review explores the role of the MGB axis in ASD pathophysiology, focusing on communication pathways, neurodevelopmental implications, gut microbiota alteration, GI dysfunction, and emerging therapeutics. &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt;: A narrative review methodology was employed. We searched major scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar for research on MGB axis mechanisms, gut microbiota composition in ASD, dysbiosis, leaky gut, immune activation, GI disorders, and intervention (probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics and diet). Key findings from recent human, animal and in vitro studies were synthesized thematically, emphasizing mechanistic insights and therapeutic outcomes. Original references from the initial manuscript draft were retained and supplemented for comprehensiveness and accuracy. &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: The MGB axis involves neuroanatomical, neuroendocrine, immunological, and metabolic pathways that enable microbes to influence brain development and function. Individuals with ASD commonly exhibit gut dysbiosis characterized by reduced microbial diversity (notably lower &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Firmicutes&lt;/i&gt;) and overpresentation of potentially pathogenic taxa (e.g., &lt;i&gt;Clostridia&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Desulfovibrio&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Enterobacteriaceae&lt;/i&gt;). Dysbiosis is associated with increased intestinal permeability (\"leaky gut\") and newly activated and altered microbial metabolite profiles, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPSs). Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are prevalent in ASD, linking gut-brain axis dysfunction to behavioral severity. Therapeutically, probiotics and prebiotics can restore eubiosis, fortify the gut barrier, and reduce neuroinflammation, showing modest improvements in GI and behavioral symptoms. FMT and Microbiota Transfer Therapy (MTT) have yielded promising results in open label trials, improving GI function and some ASD behaviors. Antibiotic interventions (e.g., vancomycin) have been found to temporarily alleviate ASD symptoms associated with &lt;i&gt;Clostridiales&lt;/i&gt; overgrowth, while nutritional strategies (high-fiber, gluten-free, or ketogenic diets) may modulate the microbiome and influence outcomes. &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: Accumulating evidence implicates the MGB axis in ASD pathogenesis. Gut microbiota dysbiosis and the related GI pathology may exacerbate neurodevelopmental and behavioral symptoms via immune, endocrine and neural routes. Interventions targeting the gut ecosystem, through diet modification, probiotics, symbiotics, or microbiota transplants, offer therapeutic promise. However, hetero","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472681/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No Significant Association Between Vitamin C Supplements and Frailty in Korean Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2018-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.","authors":"Seung Guk Park, Hyoeun Kim","doi":"10.3390/nu17182977","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182977","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The association between vitamin C intake and frailty among older adults remains unclear, and evidence from Asian populations is limited. Using nationally representative data, we aimed to examine whether vitamin C supplementation is associated with frailty in Koreans aged ≥65 years. <b>Methods</b>: We analysed 2819 participants from the 2018-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants were categorised as non-users of dietary supplements (<i>n</i> = 1517), users of other supplements (<i>n</i> = 1227), and vitamin C-only users (<i>n</i> = 75). Frailty was defined using a modified Fried phenotype comprising five components (weight loss, exhaustion, weakness, slowness, and low physical activity); individuals having ≥3 components were classified as frail. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for frailty by supplement use and total daily vitamin C intake from foods and supplements, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health factors. <b>Results</b>: Compared with non-users (adjusted OR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.26-1.66) or users of supplements other than vitamin C supplements (adjusted OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.26-2.53), vitamin C supplementation was not significantly associated with frailty prevalence. Higher total intake showed a tendency toward lower frailty prevalence in crude analyses, but this was not significant after adjustment (<i>p</i> for trend = 0.120). <b>Conclusions</b>: In this nationally representative study of Korean older adults, vitamin C supplementation was not significantly associated with frailty. These findings contribute to the conflicting evidence on micronutrients and frailty and suggest that broader dietary quality, rather than single-nutrient supplementation, may be more important for healthy ageing.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Susceptibility and Genetic Variant-Diet Interactions in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Cross-Sectional Case-Control Study.","authors":"Sunmin Park, Suna Kang, Donghyun Jee","doi":"10.3390/nu17182983","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182983","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Diabetic retinopathy is a leading cause of blindness in diabetic patients, with disease susceptibility influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to identify novel genetic variants associated with DR and evaluate interactions between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and lifestyle factors in a Korean diabetic cohort. <b>Methods:</b> After excluding subjects with non-diabetic retinopathy eye diseases (n = 2519), we analyzed data from 50,361 non-diabetic controls, 4873 diabetic participants without retinopathy (DM-NR), and 165 with diabetic retinopathy (DM-DR). We conducted genome-wide association studies comparing DM-NR and DM-DR groups, performed generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis for epistatic interactions, developed unweighted PRS models, and examined PRS-lifestyle interactions using two-way analysis of covariance. <b>Results:</b> DM-DR prevalence showed strong associations with metabolic syndrome and its components. Five novel genetic variants were identified: <i>ABCA4</i>_rs17110929, <i>MMP2-AS1</i>_rs2576531, <i>FOXP1</i>_rs557869288, <i>MRPS33</i>_rs1533933, and <i>DRD2</i>_rs4936270. A significant three-way epistatic interaction among the first three variants was discovered through GMDR analysis. High-PRS individuals (scores 5-6) showed a 49-fold higher odds ratio of DM-DR compared to low-PRS individuals (scores 0-2; <i>p</i> < 0.0001). MAGMA analysis revealed enrichment in pathways related to protein degradation, vascular function, and neuronal signaling, with predominant upregulation in brain tissues. Significant PRS × lifestyle interactions were identified for fruit intake, coffee consumption, alcohol intake, eating duration, and physical activity, with lifestyle factors modifying genetic risk effects (all <i>p</i> < 0.003). <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings identify novel genetic variants and epistatic interactions in DM-DR pathogenesis, supporting the use of PRS-based risk stratification for intensive monitoring and personalized lifestyle interventions. The discovery of brain tissue-enriched pathways suggests DM-DR shares mechanisms with neurodegenerative diseases, expanding therapeutic targets beyond traditional vascular approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Stimulative Effect of Arginine on Translation Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle.","authors":"Daisuke Suzuki, Yuki Takami, Yusuke Sato, Yuka Toyoshima, Fumiaki Yoshizawa","doi":"10.3390/nu17182981","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Arginine (Arg) is thought to potentially stimulate protein synthesis. Although the detailed mechanism by which Arg regulates protein synthesis is not fully known, it is believed to occur primarily through the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent activation of translation initiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of Arg to stimulate translation initiation to upregulate protein synthesis and identify the possible signaling pathways involved in the stimulatory effect of Arg on mRNA translation in skeletal muscle. <b>Methods:</b> Overnight-fasted mice were intraperitoneally injected with Arg, sacrificed 1 h later, and then the gastrocnemius muscles were excised. In addition, to determine the mechanism by which Arg stimulates translation initiation in skeletal muscle, we used mouse-derived C2C12 myotubes. Cells were preincubated with several inhibitors of intracellular signaling or the G protein-coupled receptor, Class C, group 6, subtype A (GPRC6A) antagonist, and then added to the culture with Arg. Phosphorylation of 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K1) as markers of mTORC1-dependent protein synthesis activity was measured. <b>Results:</b> Intraperitoneal injection of Arg increased 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation. In C2C12 myotubes, Arg addition significantly increased the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 and S6K1, and this upregulation was attenuated by pretreatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin. In addition, pretreatment with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002, the AKT inhibitor MK-2206, and the GPRC6A antagonist calindol completely inhibited Arg-upregulated 4E-BP1 and S6K1 phosphorylation. <b>Conclusions:</b> The findings of this study suggest that Arg stimulates the initiation of mRNA translation via the GPRC6A/PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signaling pathway, thereby stimulating protein synthesis in skeletal muscle.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 30-Day High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Plasma Oxidative Stress Enzyme Activities in Recreational and Trained Runners: A Pilot Study.","authors":"Bojan Martinšek, Milan Skitek, Tina Kosjek, Leon Bedrač, Evgen Benedik","doi":"10.3390/nu17182985","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Physical activity induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, at moderate levels mediate beneficial physiological adaptations, including insulin sensitivity and enhanced antioxidant defense. However, excessive ROS production during intense exercise may exceed endogenous antioxidant capacity, leading to oxidative stress and muscle damage. <b>Objective</b>: This study examined the effects of 30-day high-dose omega-3 fatty acid supplementation (9 g/day) on plasma fatty acid composition and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in recreational (<i>n</i> = 11) and trained (<i>n</i> = 10) runners, with emphasis on group- and time-specific responses. <b>Methods:</b> Plasma levels of arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were assessed at three time points: pre-, during, and post-supplementation period. Enzymatic activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were measured at six time points, including before and after exercise sessions involving a 2800 m run followed by a 400 m sprint. <b>Results:</b> Omega-3 supplementation increased plasma EPA and DHA. In trained runners, it was associated with a transient reduction in GPx and a pronounced mid-phase decline in SOD, whereas enzyme activities remained stable in recreational runners. CAT activity did not change significantly in either group. <b>Conclusions:</b> Short-term high-dose omega-3 supplementation modulates antioxidant enzyme activity in a group- and time-dependent manner. The observed downregulation of GPx and SOD in trained runners may reflect altered redox signaling; however, its relevance for exercise performance remains uncertain. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the physiological and functional consequences of these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472311/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Local Food Consumption Is Associated with Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Better Healthy Aging: Results of the DIAPELH Study.","authors":"Alexandra Foscolou, Giannoula Nikolaou, Trisevgeni Pratti, Antigone Kouskouti, Vasiliki Kanellaki, Eirini Machaira, Izabella Bekari, Evanthia Chalari, Aristea Gazouli, Aristea Gioxari","doi":"10.3390/nu17182975","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182975","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Sustainable dietary patterns in geriatrics have gained considerable attention. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated whether higher consumption of locally produced foods is associated with higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet and with better healthy aging status among Greek older adults. <b>Methods</b>: Sociodemographic, anthropometrical, lifestyle, dietary, cognitive, and mental characteristics assessed through validated questionnaires and procedures, were assessed. Participants (N = 449) were divided into three local food consumption groups/tertiles: \"high\" (≥45% of total dietary intake), \"moderate\" (27-44%) and \"low\" (≤26%). MedDietScore (0-55) was used to assess the level of adherence to the Mediterranean diet and SAI (0-10) to assess healthy aging. <b>Results</b>: Older adults of the \"high\" group showed an increase of 0.817 units in the SAI index compared to older adults of the \"low\" group. Additionally, high local food consumption was also associated with higher SAI levels (b = 0.493, <i>p</i> = 0.007) compared to the \"moderate\" group. Among older individuals whose diet comprises over 45% local foods, an increase of approximately 2.8 and 1.95 units in the MedDietScore was detected when compared to the \"low\" and \"moderate\" groups. <b>Conclusions</b>: Higher consumption of local foods, and more specifically consuming local foods in more than 45% of the total dietary intake, is associated with greater adherence to the Mediterranean diet and better healthy aging. The results suggest that food locality may play an important role in shaping better dietary habits, health trajectories, and quality of life of older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sex-Specific Associations Between Changes in Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) Index and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study of Young and Middle-Aged Adults.","authors":"Yoon Ji Kim, Ye Seul Bae, Yoosoo Chang, Sujeong Shin","doi":"10.3390/nu17182986","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a surrogate marker of insulin resistance associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of TyG index changes on the development of CKD in young adults remains unclear. <b>Methods:</b> We studied 353,140 Korean adults aged 18-49 years who underwent at least two health screenings. The TyG index changes between visits were categorized into quintiles. Incident CKD was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m² or proteinuria. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for CKD risk. <b>Results:</b> Over 2.74 million person-years, 18,857 men and 13,394 women developed CKD. In the fully adjusted models, men in the highest quintile of TyG index increase had a higher CKD risk (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.16-1.28), while those in the lowest quintile had a lower risk (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.84-0.92). In women, the associations were in the same direction, but neither the highest (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95-1.07) nor the lowest quintile (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90-1.00) reached statistical significance. Risk gradients were stronger in those aged 40-49 years, with a baseline eGFR < 90 mL/min/1.73 m², higher alcohol intake, or insulin resistance. <b>Conclusions:</b> Among relatively young adults, greater increases in the TyG index were associated with a higher CKD risk in men, whereas decreases were protective. In contrast, no significant associations were observed in women. Monitoring TyG index trajectories may help identify high-risk individuals for early intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validating Sentinel Foods in the Diet Quality Questionnaire: Insights from Two Chilean Cohorts of Pregnant Women and Children.","authors":"Angela Martínez-Arroyo, Giannella Barisione, Marcela Vizcarra, Natalia Rebolledo, María Luisa Garmendia","doi":"10.3390/nu17182980","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182980","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> New tools for monitoring diets, such as the Diet Quality Questionnaire (DQQ), may help reduce the costs and burden associated with traditional methods of diet assessment. However, its proposed sentinel foods require validation in target populations. This study aimed to validate the Chilean sentinel foods and describe the performance of DQQ, as well as its Global Dietary Recommendation (GDR) indicators, in two Chilean cohorts. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed dietary data from 1418 pregnant women and 799 children using 24 h recalls. Foods and beverages were classified and ranked into 29 DQQ food groups. Food items that accounted for more than 95% of the total consumption within each of the 29 food groups were selected and identified as sentinels. We estimated the proportion of consumers in each food group and calculated the indicators, as well as their relationship with the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPFs). <b>Results:</b> The pregnant women had a mean age of 29.1 (SD 6.6), and the children had a mean age of 6.2 (SD 0.5). The sentinel foods of six groups (grain-based sweets, other sweets, salty snacks, deep-fried food, and sweet tea/coffee/cocoa) captured under 95% of the group's total consumption. The pregnant women had a higher frequency of consumption of staple and healthy foods, and the mean GDR score was 9.3 (SD 2.20). The children had higher consumption of unhealthy food groups, and the mean GDR score was 8.1 (SD 2.05). The GDR-protect scores showed a moderate but statistically significant negative correlation with ultra-processed food consumption (<i>p</i>-value < 0.0001). <b>Conclusions:</b> The DQQ is a suitable tool for collecting dietary data to estimate diet quality using food group-based indicators. Additionally, it is possible to identify different dietary patterns at a crucial stage of life, such as childhood and pregnancy. However, it requires some adaptations of sentinel foods and further testing on other populations before it can be implemented to monitor Chilean diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}