Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Dietary Salt Restriction Practices Contribute to Obesity Prevention in Middle-Aged and Older Japanese Adults.","authors":"Etsuko Kibayashi, Makiko Nakade","doi":"10.3390/nu17030536","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030536","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: In a demographic increasingly at risk of obesity and hypertension, whether dietary behaviours associated with hypertension prevention, such as restricting salt intake and consuming potassium-rich fruits and vegetables, contribute to obesity prevention is unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the structural associations of dietary salt restriction practices with body mass index (BMI) and the mediating role of the dietary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio in middle-aged and older Japanese adults. <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional survey included 418 participants aged 40-69 years, residing in Hyogo, Japan. Simultaneous multi-population analysis according to sex was performed using a hypothetical model to explore associations of dietary salt restriction practices with BMI, mediated by the dietary Na/K ratio, as well as the role of BMI-related eating behaviours. <b>Results:</b> Dietary salt restriction was associated with a low dietary Na/K ratio (standardised estimate: -0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.001 for men; -0.19, <i>p</i> = 0.002 for women) in both sexes. Dietary salt restriction was associated with lower values of BMI in men (0.21, <i>p</i> = 0.004), mediated by the Na/K ratio; a direct but relatively weak association with lower values of BMI was observed in women (-0.16, <i>p</i> = 0.018). In men, eating out frequently was associated with higher values of BMI (0.20, <i>p</i> = 0.005). <b>Conclusions</b>: Dietary salt restriction practices in middle-aged and older adults may contribute to obesity prevention, and dietary Na/K ratio may play a mediating role in men but not in women; additionally, eating out was associated with higher values of BMI in men.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Characterisation of Childhood Chronic Kidney Disease: Trace Element Malnutrition in Paediatric Renal Disease (TeMPeReD) Study.","authors":"Matthew J Harmer, Stephen A Wootton, Rodney D Gilbert, Caroline E Anderson","doi":"10.3390/nu17030535","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>In chronic kidney disease (CKD), poor nutrition is associated with poorer clinical outcomes. There are limited data on milder stages of childhood CKD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study characterised the nutritional state of a cohort of children with CKD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Within the cohort (mean age 10.5 years, mean eGFR = 57 mL/min/1.73 m²), obesity defined by body mass index rates was comparable to that in the general population, but central obesity (waist-to-height ratio > 0.5) was evident in 44% of children. Although average nutrient intakes for the cohort were acceptable, there was marked variability in the risk of poor nutrient intake (<LRNI): selenium (35%), magnesium (35%), iodine (30%), and zinc (30%). No child met the recommended dietary fibre intake. The prevalence of frank deficiency of vitamins and minerals in blood concentrations was low. Blood concentrations of vitamins A and E were near-universally elevated. In those who had a decline in kidney function at the 12-month follow-up, dietary intake of fibre correlated with the degree of decline.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Much work is needed to optimise the nutritional status of children with CKD as an important modifiable risk factor for disease progression and other important outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820732/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Online Nutrition Education Program Targeting Intentions and Related Determinants Towards Dietary Supplement Use: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior.","authors":"Jana Daher, Margo Mountjoy, Dalia El Khoury","doi":"10.3390/nu17030557","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Dietary supplement use among varsity athletes is influenced by various psychological and social factors, yet there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of educational interventions in influencing these determinants. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of an online nutrition education program on improvements in intentions and related determinants towards the use of dietary supplements in varsity athletes at the University of Guelph in Canada. The theory of planned behavior served as the theoretical framework for examining these determinants as predictors of behavior change. <b>Methods</b>: A randomized wait-list controlled trial was conducted on a total of 30 varsity athletes, randomized into experimental (n = 18) and control (n = 12) groups. The experimental group received access to an online nutrition education program focused on sports nutrition and dietary supplements, while the control group did not have access during the study. <b>Results</b>: There was a significant (<i>p</i> < 0.05) intervention effect on varsity athletes' attitudes (Mean1_(control) = 13.17; Mean1_{(experimental)} = 13.56; Mean2_(control) = 13.92; Mean2_{(experimental)} = 12.11), perceived behavioral control (Mean1_(control) = 15.92; Mean1_{(experimental)} = 16.11; Mean2_(control) = 16.33; Mean2_{(experimental)} = 18.39), and intentions (Mean1_(control) = 12.5; Mean1_{(experimental)} = 12.89; Mean2_(control) = 11.58; Mean2_{(experimental)} = 9.44) towards dietary supplement use. No significant changes were made to descriptive and injunctive norms. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that this nutrition education program significantly improved intentions and related determinants towards dietary supplement use in varsity athletes. The absence of a successful change in subjective norm should be a focus for similar future interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Dietary Supplementation on Physical Performance in Adolescent Male Soccer Players Infected with SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Andreea-Consuela Timnea-Florescu, Alexandru Dinulescu, Ana Prejmereanu, Olivia Carmen Timnea, Alexandra Floriana Nemes, Roxana Maria Nemes","doi":"10.3390/nu17030527","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The impact of the COVID-19 infection on athletes was reported to influence physical health, both decreasing performance and increasing the risk of injuries. This study aimed to assess the physical performance (maximal aerobic power, muscle function, and speed) of a group of male adolescent soccer players before and after COVID-19 infection and to compare the effects of nutrition intervention on physical performance.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study included 99 male soccer players, between 13 and 15 years old, that had mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Their physical performance was evaluated in three periods (1 month before and 1 and 3 months after the infection). The subjects were divided into two groups, one with rigorous nutrition intervention and one without. Physical performance was evaluated through five tests: hand grip strength, 10 m sprint test, 30 m sprint test, beep test, and bench press.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 20.2% had mild restrictions at spirometry after infection. One month after the infection, four of the five tests (hand grip strength, 10 m sprint test, 30 m sprint test, and beep test) showed statistically significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.005) better results in the nutrition intervention group. The same difference in results in the four tests was maintained 3 months after infection (<i>p</i> < 0.005).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nutrition intervention with a strict dietary plan and an increase in daily calories and protein and also vitamin and mineral supplements in young athletes may be effective for faster recovery of physical parameters from COVID-19 infection, and its beneficial effects should be studied further in this infection as well as in other respiratory tract infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronotype and Cancer: Emerging Relation Between Chrononutrition and Oncology from Human Studies.","authors":"Justyna Godos, Walter Currenti, Raffaele Ferri, Giuseppe Lanza, Filippo Caraci, Evelyn Frias-Toral, Monica Guglielmetti, Cinzia Ferraris, Vivian Lipari, Stefanía Carvajal Altamiranda, Fabio Galvano, Sabrina Castellano, Giuseppe Grosso","doi":"10.3390/nu17030529","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fasting-feeding timing is a crucial pattern implicated in the regulation of daily circadian rhythms. The interplay between sleep and meal timing underscores the importance of maintaining circadian alignment in order to avoid creating a metabolic environment conducive to carcinogenesis following the molecular and systemic disruption of metabolic performance and immune function. The chronicity of such a condition may support the initiation and progression of cancer through a variety of mechanisms, including increased oxidative stress, immune suppression, and the activation of proliferative signaling pathways. This review aims to summarize current evidence from human studies and provide an overview of the potential mechanisms underscoring the role of chrononutrition (including time-restricted eating) on cancer risk. Current evidence shows that the morning chronotype, suggesting an alignment between physiological circadian rhythms and eating timing, is associated with a lower risk of cancer. Also, early time-restricted eating and prolonged nighttime fasting were also associated with a lower risk of cancer. The current evidence suggests that the chronotype influences cancer risk through cell cycle regulation, the modulation of metabolic pathways and inflammation, and gut microbiota fluctuations. In conclusion, although there are no clear guidelines on this matter, emerging evidence supports the hypothesis that the role of time-related eating (i.e., time/calorie-restricted feeding and intermittent/periodic fasting) could potentially lead to a reduced risk of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Effects of Bifidobacterium Breve MCC1274 as a Novel Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Mona Abdelhamid, Scott E Counts, Chunyu Zhou, Hideki Hida, Jae-Il Kim, Makoto Michikawa, Cha-Gyun Jung","doi":"10.3390/nu17030558","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030558","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is characterized by memory impairment that significantly interferes with daily life. Therapeutic options for AD that substantively modify disease progression remain a critical unmet need. In this regard, the gut microbiota is crucial in maintaining human health by regulating metabolism and immune responses, and increasing evidence suggests that probiotics, particularly beneficial bacteria, can enhance memory and cognitive functions. Recent studies have highlighted the positive effects of <i>Bifidobacterium breve</i> MCC1274 (<i>B. breve</i> MCC1274) on individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and schizophrenia. Additionally, oral supplementation with B. breve MCC1274 has been shown to effectively prevent memory decline in <i>App^NL-G-F</i> mice. In relation to Alzheimer's pathology, oral supplementation with <i>B. breve</i> MCC1274 has been found to reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation and tau phosphorylation in both <i>App^NL-G-F</i> and wild-type (WT) mice. It also decreases microglial activation and increases levels of synaptic proteins. In this review, we examine the beneficial effects of <i>B. breve</i> MCC1274 on AD, exploring potential mechanisms of action and how this probiotic strain may aid in preventing or treating the disease. Furthermore, we discuss the broader implications of <i>B. breve</i> MCC1274 for improving overall host health and provide insights into future research directions for this promising probiotic therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820889/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adequate Food and Nutrition in School: Acceptability and Consumption by Students of a Brazilian Municipality.","authors":"Patricia Henriques, Camile R T de Alvarenga, Marina M S Menezes, Daniele M Ferreira, Luciene Burlandy, Beatriz D Soares","doi":"10.3390/nu17030528","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030528","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the acceptability of a specific menu preparation based on minimally processed foods and the factors associated with the consumption of school meals by students in Brazilian public schools.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hedonic scale was employed to assess the acceptability of a milk preparation with 100% cocoa and sugar. A structured questionnaire was used to evaluate school food consumption, addressing consumption frequency, dietary habits, environmental conditions, and consumption of competing foods. A binomial logistic regression model was conducted to verify the association between individual variables and conditions of meal supply and consumption. Data analyses were performed using the Jamovi 2022 software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1080 students participated, with 630 taking part in the acceptability test, and 450 completing the consumption questionnaire. The study highlighted acceptance below the minimum PNAE standards (79.68%) for the tested preparation, indicating a need for further investigation into student preferences. Pleasant taste was the most frequently cited reason (53.2%) for consumption. Disliking the served lunch increased the likelihood of not consuming school meals by 2.73% (<i>p</i> = 0.03). Bringing snacks from home showed no significant impact on consumption (<i>p</i> = 0.677). Using inadequate cutlery increased the likelihood of not consuming school meals by 6.44% (<i>p</i> = 0.009).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study underscored the low acceptance of milk prepared with 100% cocoa and sugar, along with irregular school meal consumption, emphasizing the need for strategies to align students' taste preferences with healthier menu options. While PNAE ensures nutrient-rich meals, improving flavor, variety, and dining conditions, alongside permanent food and nutrition education, is essential to enhance adherence and support students' health. Although snacks do not affect the consumption of school meals, controlling snack intake is important from a health perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820198/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Flavonoids and Topiramate on Glucose Carbon Metabolism in a HepG2 Steatosis Cell Culture Model: A Stable Isotope Study.","authors":"Li Ma, Qing-Yi Lu, Shu Lim, Guang Han, Laszlo G Boros, Mina Desai, Jennifer K Yee","doi":"10.3390/nu17030564","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Insufficient treatment options are available for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Flavonoids and topiramate have been studied for weight loss but need investigation into their effects on liver metabolism. This study's aim was to examine the effects of flavonoids or topiramate on glucose metabolic carbon flux in a cell culture model of steatosis. <b>Methods</b>: Steatosis was induced in HepG2 cells through exposure to oleic acid (OA, 0.5 mml/L) conjugated to bovine serum albumin (2:1). Additionally, 50% U¹³C-glucose was supplied in the medium as a stable isotope tracer. Cells were treated with DMSO, 10 μM of naringenin, morin, silibinin, or topiramate (44 μM) for 72 h. A non-steatotic, untreated HepG2 cell control was included. Cell extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and mass isotopomer distribution analysis for glycogen synthesis, de novo fatty acid synthesis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity, and ribose synthesis. Groups were compared by ANOVA with Tukey's pair-wise testing. <b>Results</b>: Compared to untreated HepG2 controls, OA-exposed steatotic cells exhibited increased lipid accumulation by ORO staining (1.6-fold), enhanced palmitate de novo synthesis, reduced pyruvate carboxylase/pyruvate dehydrogenase (PC/PDH) ratio, and reduced ribose synthesis. Treatment with topiramate or silibinin ameliorated the lipid accumulation (1.3-fold) and mitigated enhancement of de novo synthesis. Morin-treated cells exhibited enhanced de novo synthesis but suppressed ribose synthesis. <b>Conclusions</b>: Potential mechanisms of reduced lipid accumulation by topiramate and silibinin may include suppression of palmitate de novo synthesis and a relative decrease in carbon flux through the PDH pathway. Further studies are needed on potential utility in MASLD based on their specific metabolic effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820484/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Habits in Crohn's Disease Onset and Management.","authors":"Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou, Gavriela Voulgaridou, Constantinos Giaginis, Sousana K Papadopoulou","doi":"10.3390/nu17030559","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Crohn's disease (CD)'s activation factors are still unclear. However, they are reported to involve an interaction between genetic susceptibility and unhealthy lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m²), and probably unbalanced nutritional habits. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to demonstrate the possible effects of different nutritional habits, before the occurrence of the disease, as crucial factors for the inception of CD activation. The structure of the present narrative review was conducted following the instructions of the \"Review Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Checklist\". It is well established that the consumption of specific foods and drinks, such as spicy and fatty foods, raw vegetables and fruits, dairy products, carbonated beverages, and coffee or tea, can provoke the exacerbation of CD symptoms. On the other hand, Mediterranean-oriented diets seem to provide an inverse association with the incidence of CD. Moreover, patients seem to have the knowledge to select foods that contribute to the remission of their symptoms. However, it is not clearly reported whether the onset of CD activation is due to lifelong unbalanced nutritional habits and their subsequent effect on gut microbiota secretion, which seems to be the gold standard for CD's investigation. Therefore, more future studies should record, examine, and compare the nutritional habits between patients with CD (immediately after the disease's diagnosis) and healthy populations in a lifelong manner, in order to reveal the possible influence of foods on CD onset.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11821097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Micronutrient Intake During Pregnancy Is Suboptimal in a Group of Healthy Scottish Women, Irrespective of Maternal Body Mass Index.","authors":"Eleanor M Jarvie, Julie A Lovegrove, Michelle Weech, Dilys J Freeman, Barbara J Meyer","doi":"10.3390/nu17030550","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030550","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: A balanced nutritious diet is vital during pregnancy for both the mother and the baby. The aims of this longitudinal study were to (1) determine any differences in macro- and micronutrient intakes in a group of UK women during pregnancy (and in the post-partum period) who were overweight or obese (BMI mean (SD) 31.1 (2.9)) at antenatal booking appointment compared with women who were within the ideal BMI range (BMI mean (SD) 22.1 (1.9)) and (2) determine the proportion of women who met the Harmonized Average Requirements (H-AR) during pregnancy. <b>Methods</b>: Forty-two participants attended four clinic visits: three during pregnancy, one in each trimester (V1, V2, and V3), and one 12 weeks post-partum (V4). Dietary intake was assessed by 24 h diet recall and analysed using DietPlan6. <b>Results</b>: There were no differences in energy and macronutrient intakes between overweight/obese and lean women. During pregnancy, the overweight/obese women consumed a mean (SD) of 3238 (941) sodium (mg per day), which was approximately 10% higher compared to 2934 (732) sodium (mg per day) in the lean group (<i>p</i> = 0.015). Dietary and supplemental intakes of the sodium to potassium ratio was 21% higher in overweight/obese women compared to the lean women, <i>p</i> = 0.0031 (mean (SD) of 1.17 (0.35) versus 0.93 (0.28), respectively). Virtually all women did not meet the H-AR for niacin, folate, and vitamin D through dietary intake alone. <b>Conclusions</b>: The 'eat better and not more' message during pregnancy is supported.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143408405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}