Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"The Nutrition Facts of Comfort Foods in the United States: Results from the Census-Matched Eating in America Study.","authors":"Dorothy T Chiu, Jenna R Cummings, Euridice Martinez-Steele, Alejandra T Lopez, Jillian Chellis, Juanyi Tan, Katrina M Smith, Sameeksha Panda, Laura E Finch, A Janet Tomiyama","doi":"10.3390/nu18193257","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Comfort foods are perceived as energy dense and highly palatable, yet little empirical research documenting the veracity of such perceptions exists.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed comfort foods for nutrient content, hyperpalatability, ultra-processing, and by demographic factors, hypothesizing poor nutritional profiles (higher fat, sugar, sodium, ultra-processing) and demographic differences in preferences. US census-matched respondents (<i>N</i> = 1760) self-identifying as comfort eaters listed their top three \"comfort foods\" through an online survey assessing comfort eating behavior and demographics (age, gender, US residence region). Trained raters abstracted nutrient contents for nominated foods using public reference databases and compared them against established nutritional recommendations (percent daily values [%DV]). We categorized foods by hyperpalatability and Nova classifications. Summary statistics were calculated overall and by demographic group. Two-sample t- and one-way ANOVA tests evaluated nutritional and demographic group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong><i>N</i> = 300 unique foods/beverages were nominated as top comfort foods, collapsible into <i>n</i> = 132 groupings by similarity (e.g., in ingredients, preparation). The top five groupings were chips, ice cream, pizza, chocolate, and cookies. Notable proportions of comfort foods were low (<5%DV) sources of fiber (60.7%), high (>20% DV) sources of saturated fat (29.7%) and sodium (31.7%), hyperpalatable (72.7%) (especially of the \"meats/meal\" variety (54.3%)), and 100% ultra-processed (42.7%). Slight differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in preferred foods' nutrient content, hyperpalatability, and ultra-processing by age, gender, and region emerged.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>US comfort foods range widely but converge on certain foods. Nutritional quality could broadly improve; demographic differences are minor. These findings enhance the practical understanding of comfort food nutrition and inform efforts towards healthier comfort food selection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal Trajectories of Physical and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life Following Psychobiotic Supplementation in Gastrointestinal Oncology Patients: A Post Hoc Analysis of the ProDeCa Study.","authors":"Georgios G Tzikos, Alexandra-Eleftheria Menni, Ioannis M Theodorou, Helen Theodorou, Joulia K Tsetis, Eleni Chamalidou, George Stavrou, Anne D Shrewsbury, Amalia Bolanou, Aristeidis Ioannidis, Katerina Kotzampassi","doi":"10.3390/nu18193254","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193254","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Patients undergoing surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancer frequently experience impaired health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). This post hoc analysis of the ProDeCa randomized trial investigated whether psychobiotic treatment was associated with longitudinal changes in HR-QoL.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants in the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled ProDeCa trial (NCT06496438) received either a four-strain psychobiotic formulation or placebo for four weeks during adjuvant chemotherapy. HR-QoL was assessed using the Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire at baseline (V0), treatment completion (V1), and two months later (V2). Longitudinal changes in the eight SF-36 domains and the Physical (PCS) and Mental (MCS) Component Summary scores were analyzed using mixed models for repeated measures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present analysis included 266 participants, with HR-QoL data available for 231-232 participants at V2, depending on the SF-36 outcome. Significant group-by-visit interactions were observed across the eight SF-36 domains (all <i>p</i> < 0.001), indicating divergent longitudinal HR-QoL trajectories between treatment groups. Visit-specific adjusted comparisons generally favored psychobiotics; however, between-group differences in Vitality and Mental Health were not statistically significant at V1 and became significant at V2. At V2, the adjusted LS mean between-group differences were 16.79 points for PCS (95% CI, 15.69-17.88) and 9.66 points for MCS (95% CI, 8.49-10.84). Exploratory subgroup analyses did not provide evidence of differential treatment effects based on formal interaction tests.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Psychobiotic treatment was associated with more favorable longitudinal HR-QoL outcomes during adjuvant chemotherapy after gastrointestinal cancer surgery. These findings support further investigation of psychobiotics as an adjunctive strategy for HR-QoL support in larger multicenter randomized trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Calcium Intake in Patients Evaluated for Bone Fragility, with a Focus on Women Receiving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Francesca Firmani, Alessandro Ciarloni, Sofia Sabatelli, Claudio Gianfelice, Gianmaria Salvio, Veronica Agostinelli, Rossana Berardi, Giancarlo Balercia, Gilberta Giacchetti","doi":"10.3390/nu18193239","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Adequate dietary calcium intake is essential for bone health. Despite this, calcium intake is still insufficient in many countries of the world. The study aims to provide information about dietary calcium intake of specific populations with bone fragility, with a particular focus on patients at risk of secondary osteoporosis due to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET) for breast cancer (BC). <b>Methods</b>: Data from 132 patients referred for the first time to the Osteoporosis and Bone Metabolism Diseases outpatient clinic of the Division of Endocrinology of the Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria delle Marche (Ancona, Italy) were collected. Dietary calcium intake was assessed with a 7-day food frequency questionnaire; biochemical and densitometric parameters, osteoporosis etiology, and previous fragility fractures were also reported. <b>Results</b>: Patients were predominantly postmenopausal women, with severe osteoporosis (43.2%) or at risk of secondary osteoporosis (40.9%); 64.8% of patients evaluated for secondary osteoporosis were women on AET for BC. Total mean dietary calcium intake was 959 ± 396 mg/day. A lower intake was observed in younger patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (848 ± 471 mg/day, <i>p</i> = 0.03). Patients with normal bone mineral density (631 ± 131 mg/day), without fragility fractures (906 ± 361), and evaluated for secondary osteoporosis (900 ± 364 mg/day) tended to have lower mean dietary calcium intake although without reaching statistical significance. Mean calcium intake was also lower than the recommended threshold in women on AET for BC (854 ± 345 mg/day). <b>Conclusions</b>: Patients with bone fragility should be more encouraged to increase their dietary calcium intake. Attention must be paid to women with BC on AET, who have high fracture risk and should not be discouraged a priori from consuming selected dairy products (low-fat and fermented ones) and alternative calcium dietary sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666633/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenteral Nutrition Exposure, Nutritional Trajectory, and Clinical Outcomes in Neonates with Surgical Gastrointestinal Conditions: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Luka Zekovic, Dejan Nikolic, Sanja Sindjic-Antunovic, Biljana Medjo, Dragana Vujovic, Zeljko Grubac, Nina Ristic, Rastko Sava Jeremic, Misela Raus","doi":"10.3390/nu18193251","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193251","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Neonates with surgical gastrointestinal conditions frequently require parenteral nutrition and are exposed to multiple overlapping risks for hepatobiliary, infectious, and nutritional complications. This study aimed to determine whether the timing and initial composition of parenteral nutrition (PN) were independently associated with hepatobiliary dysfunction, treatment-related complications, and nutritional outcomes. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective cohort included 91 neonates hospitalized at the University Children's Hospital between January 2024 and July 2026 who received parenteral nutrition (PN) for >5 consecutive days. Associations between PN timing, modality, duration, enteral progression, clinical severity, feeding type, and hepatobiliary, infectious, and growth outcomes were assessed using univariable and multivariable analyses. <b>Results:</b> Cholestasis occurred in 18 patients (19.8%) and intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in 14 (15.4%). The interval from enteral feeding cessation to PN initiation and initial PN modality were not significantly associated with cholestasis or IFALD. Patients with IFALD had longer PN exposure than those without IFALD (21 vs. 12 days; <i>p</i> = 0.010). Each additional PN day increased the adjusted odds of catheter-related bloodstream infection by 9.7% (OR 1.097, 95% CI 1.032-1.167; <i>p</i> = 0.003). Simultaneous amino-acid and lipid initiation was associated with the highest unadjusted weight-gain velocity and numerically lowest cholestasis and IFALD rates, but no independent protective effect was established. <b>Conclusions:</b> Longer PN duration was associated with IFALD and CRBSI, although the IFALD association should be interpreted cautiously because PN duration contributes to its operational definition. Short delays in PN initiation and initial lipid timing were not independently associated with these outcomes. Management should remain individualized, with advancement of enteral nutrition when clinically feasible and minimization of unnecessary PN and central-line exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Zinc Concentrations and Dietary Zinc Adequacy in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Conditions: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis.","authors":"Marlene Fabiola Escobedo-Monge, José Manuel Marugán-Miguelsanz, Joaquín Parodi Román, María Antonieta Escobedo-Monge, M Pilar Bahillo-Curieses","doi":"10.3390/nu18193245","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> This secondary analysis evaluated the discordance between dietary adequacy and serum zinc levels in children and adolescents with chronic diseases, exploring the nutritional and biochemical traits of patients within an intermediate serum zinc range. <b>Methods:</b> Serum zinc was measured via atomic absorption spectrophotometry, and dietary tracking was conducted using a prospective 72 h food record. Subgroups were classified using Japanese Society of Clinical Nutrition thresholds (<60, 60-<80, and ≥80 μg/dL), treating the 60-<80 μg/dL band strictly as an operational, exploratory classification rather than a validated pediatric diagnostic standard. <b>Results:</b> Among the 90 participants, 31% fell into the 60-<80 μg/dL intermediate serum range and 61% exhibited inadequate dietary intake. Status discordance was frequent: 41% presented with inadequate dietary intake despite maintaining normal serum levels (≥80 μg/dL), whereas 11% had intermediate serum levels despite achieving adequate dietary intake. There was no significant association between serum zinc concentration and dietary zinc intake. Operationally classified intermediate-range participants demonstrated several nutritional and biochemical differences, notably showing higher intakes of vitamins B6, D, and E, elevated triglycerides, ESR, and IgG3, alongside lower hemoglobin. <b>Conclusions:</b> Dietary adequacy and serum zinc levels are frequently discordant, reinforcing that these metrics serve as complementary rather than interchangeable indicators of zinc status. The distinct profiles observed within the operational 60-<80 μg/dL category provide candidate relationships that warrant future targeted investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combined Association of High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Vitamin D with Short-Term Functional Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke.","authors":"Seongmin Choi, Yunjung Rho, Min-Su Kim, Myung Chul Yoo, Ga Yang Shim, Jin San Lee, Sung Joon Chung, Yunsoo Soh","doi":"10.3390/nu18193244","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Whether high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and vitamin D (Vit D) provide complementary prognostic information for acute ischemic stroke is unclear. We examined the separate and joint associations of serum hsCRP and Vit D levels with short-term functional outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. <b>Methods</b>: We retrospectively analyzed 192 patients with brain magnetic resonance imaging-confirmed acute ischemic stroke admitted to a single tertiary center. Stroke severity at admission was graded using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Physical and cognitive recovery were assessed using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Manual Function Test (MFT), Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and Korean version of the modified Barthel Index, while disability was graded using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. <b>Results</b>: Among 192 patients stratified into low- (<1.0 mg/L, <i>n</i> = 76), moderate- (1.0-3.0 mg/L, <i>n</i> = 57), and high- (>3.0 mg/L, <i>n</i> = 59) hsCRP groups, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D fell stepwise as hsCRP rose, and high hsCRP was independently associated with poorer BBS, MFT, K-MMSE, and mRS outcomes. Patients with both high hsCRP and Vit D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) formed the highest-risk group (adjusted odds ratio up to 12.54), with the risk increasing stepwise as the number of adverse markers increased. No significant multiplicative interaction was observed, whereas a significant additive interaction was found only for cognitive impairment. <b>Conclusions</b>: Patients with both elevated hsCRP and Vit D deficiency showed the highest odds of poor short-term outcomes. A simple count of these adverse markers may help identify patients at higher risk after acute ischemic stroke and may help define a subgroup for further evaluation in prospective intervention trials of Vit D supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666985/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLP-1-Based Pharmacotherapies and Skeletal Muscle Health in Obesity: A Narrative Review of Body Composition, Muscle Function, and Sarcopenia-Related Outcomes.","authors":"Justyna Knapik, Weronika Fic, Ewelina Polak-Szczybyło","doi":"10.3390/nu18193247","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193247","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Obesity is associated with impaired skeletal muscle health and sarcopenic obesity. GLP-1-based pharmacotherapies induce weight loss, but accompanying reductions in fat-free or lean mass raise concerns about skeletal muscle loss. Conversely, reductions in adiposity, inflammation, insulin resistance, and intramuscular fat may be beneficial. Objective: This narrative review evaluated the effects of GLP-1-based pharmacotherapies on body composition, muscle quantity, composition and function, and their potential role in sarcopenia. <b>Methods:</b> PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for clinical and experimental studies published primarily between 2016 and 2026. <b>Results:</b> Preclinical studies identified potentially protective mechanisms, including improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation, and modulation of mitochondrial function and protein turnover, but some also indicated muscle loss or proteolysis. Clinical studies reported greater reductions in fat mass than in fat-free or lean mass, neither of which represents skeletal muscle exclusively. Direct muscle and functional outcomes were assessed in few studies and yielded mixed results. Incident sarcopenia was rarely evaluated. <b>Conclusions:</b> GLP-1-based pharmacotherapies may influence sarcopenia risk through competing pathways. Metabolic improvements may support muscle health, whereas energy restriction, inadequate protein intake, gastrointestinal adverse effects, and lean tissue loss may increase vulnerability. Current evidence is insufficient to determine their net effect on sarcopenia risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149194567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of the EatWelLog^® Mobile Application for Managing Sarcopenic Obesity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Justina Yat Wa Liu, Yixue Quan, Pui Ying Mak, Man Ki Law, Kenneth Ka Hei Lo, Tongyu Li, Jimmy Chun Yu Louie","doi":"10.3390/nu18193243","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193243","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Objectives</b>: Exercise combined with a hypocaloric high-protein diet is recommended for sarcopenic obesity (SO), yet accessible dietary support remains limited. EatWelLog^®, a mobile health (mHealth) nutrition application, was developed to facilitate dietary self-management. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary effects of an EatWelLog^®-supported lifestyle intervention for community-dwelling older adults with SO. <b>Methods</b>: In this two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT), 40 adults aged ≥65 years at risk of SO were randomized to Conventional Supervised (CS) or mHealth-supported (MH) groups. Both groups received an 8-week intervention that included three individualized dietitian consultations, five group nutrition classes, and eight weekly 60 min multicomponent exercise sessions. The MH group also used EatWelLog^® during the intervention and the 6-month follow-up. Outcomes were assessed at baseline (T0), immediately post-intervention (T1), and at the 3-month (T2) and 6-month (T3) follow-ups. <b>Results</b>: Recruitment (48.8%) and attendance (83.3%) rates supported feasibility. Four participants in the MH group dropped out after the beginning of the intervention. The App demonstrated moderate-to-high acceptability. Between-group differences and group × time interactions were not detected for primary outcomes. Muscle strength improved from baseline to post-intervention in both groups, and physical performance showed improvements in MH across all follow-up assessments. Focus group participants valued the App's dietary tracking, feedback, and reminders, though they identified limitations in food-recording functions. <b>Conclusions</b>: Findings support feasibility and acceptability, but strategies are needed to reduce attrition and improve compliance with recording diets. As this pilot was not powered for effectiveness, the App's added benefit remains uncertain. A larger, adequately powered RCT is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13667122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Phenotyping Identifies Distinct Urinary Anti-Adhesion Phenotypes and Differential Responses to Cranberry Juice Intake in Healthy Women.","authors":"Shuhan Li, Manasi Kamat, Diana H Taft, Timothy J Garrett, Liwei Gu","doi":"10.3390/nu18193250","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193250","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Cranberry products have been used by millions of women to prevent urinary tract infections (UTIs), although clinical trials have yielded inconsistent results. <b>Objectives</b>: This phenotyping trial aims to test the hypothesis that women's urine differs in its anti-adhesion capabilities against P-type <i>Escherichia coli</i> (UPEC), potentially influenced by variations in their urine metabolome, and that women's urinary anti-adhesion activity responds differently to cranberry juice intake. <b>Methods</b>: A total of 152 healthy women (aged 21-65) avoided any cranberry products for 10 days and consumed 10 oz of pure cranberry juice daily for 4 days. Two baseline and one post-consumption morning urine samples were collected on days 9, 10, and 15, respectively, to assess urinary anti-adhesion capacity using an optimized fluorometric method, and the results were expressed as anti-adhesion indices (AAI). Metabolites in 18 baseline urine samples with high AAI (133-164) and 18 baseline urine samples with low AAI (80-128) were explored using untargeted metabolomics on UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. <b>Results</b>: The baseline urinary AAI against P-type UPEC ranged from 84 to 170 in the women. Seventy-seven women (51%) were assigned to the \"UTI-susceptible\" phenotype due to a baseline AAI below the 50th percentile (AAI = 131). The rest (<i>n</i> = 75) were \"UTI-nonsusceptible.\" The metabolome differed in urine with high or low AAI, and 165 urinary metabolites were found to differentiate between UTI-susceptible and nonsusceptible phenotypes. After four days of cranberry juice consumption, 34.2% of susceptible women and 18.9% of nonsusceptible women were assigned to the \"positive responders\" phenotype due to positive AAI changes above 10. The rest were \"non-positive responders.\" <b>Conclusions</b>: Healthy women differed in their urinary anti-adhesion capacities against UTIs and responded differently to cranberry juice consumption. This study suggests that women need personalized recommendations on whether to use cranberry products to prevent UTIs based on their individual metabolic phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enteral Feeding During Therapeutic Hypothermia for Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy in Neonates: A Multicentre Study from Italy and Belgium.","authors":"Domenico Umberto De Rose, Iliana Bersani, Guglielmo Salvatori, Francesca Campi, Ludovica Martini, Chiara Maddaloni, Sara Ronci, Alessandra Santisi, Immacolata Savarese, Cinzia Auriti, Elena Camacho Santamaria, Anaïs De Groote, Katherine Carkeek, Giulia Iacona, Maria Roberta Cilio, Maria Paola Ronchetti, Annabella Braguglia, Olivier Danhaive, Andrea Dotta, Fiammetta Piersigilli","doi":"10.3390/nu18193240","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18193240","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Enteral feeding during therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains heterogeneous across centres because of concerns regarding feeding intolerance and the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Evidence regarding optimal feeding initiation and advancement remains limited. <b>Methods:</b> We performed a secondary analysis of a multicentre retrospective cohort of infants with HIE treated with TH at two tertiary neonatal intensive care units in Italy and Belgium between 2011 and 2024. We included survivors with complete nutritional data, aware that this restriction, adopted because feeding-related endpoints cannot be assessed in non-survivors, may introduce survivor bias. Feeding practices, enteral feeding progression, feeding tolerance, and gastrointestinal outcomes were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> Of 302 infants in the original cohort, 276 were included. Enteral feeding during TH was administered to 166 infants (60.1%). Enteral feeding volumes remained low during the first three days of life but progressively increased thereafter. Despite inter-center differences in feeding strategies (initiation and advancement), time to full enteral feeding (median 9 days; IQR 7-12) was comparable overall (Italy: median 9 days, IQR 7-12; Belgium: median 10 days, IQR 7-14; <i>p</i> = 0.323). Infants receiving enteral nutrition during TH were observed to achieve full enteral feeding earlier than those not fed during cooling (median 8.0 vs. 12.0 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and to have a shorter length of hospital stay (median 11.0 vs. 15.0 days, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Breastfeeding at discharge was also observed more frequently among infants who received enteral nutrition during TH (79.5% vs. 54.5%, <i>p</i> < 0.001). Feeding intolerance occurred in 47 infants (17.0%) and temporary feeding withdrawal in 31 (11.2%). Only three infants (1.1%) developed Bell stage IIA NEC, with no progression to more advanced disease or surgery. NEC was more frequent among infants with Sarnat stage III HIE than among those with stage I-II disease (8.3% vs. 0.4%, <i>p</i> = 0.022). <b>Conclusions:</b> Enteral feeding during TH was feasible, and gastrointestinal complications were uncommon. These findings support the feasibility of cautious enteral feeding during TH. The concentration of NEC events among infants with severe HIE, although based on only three cases, is hypothesis-generating and suggests that future studies should evaluate feeding strategies according to both neurological severity and physiological stability. Whether earlier initiation or faster advancement is beneficial in clinically stable infants cannot be determined from these observational data and should be addressed in prospective studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13666962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149195690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}