Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"A Standardised Exercise Protocol to Induce Oxidative Stress in Humans: Validation with a Dietary Polyphenol Intervention.","authors":"Oiva V Kamati, Laura Bragagna, Dirk J Bester, Karl-Heinz Wagner, Vera Stürmer, Markus Gassner, Lina Maqboul, Roan Louw, Sacha West, Simeon Davies, Jeanine L Marnewick","doi":"10.3390/nu17182971","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182971","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Generating oxidative stress in a predictable and controllable way without the risk of causing harm is important for enabling the safe validation of interventions such as dietary polyphenols and ensuring ethical standards in human studies, while also advancing mechanisms involved in the induced oxidative stress. Although, many experimental animal and in vitro models have been developed to conduct oxidative stress-based research, to date, very few reliable human models are available. <b>Objective:</b> This study's main objective was to establish a standardised exercise model to induce oxidative stress in a repeatable and controllable manner and was tested with dietary polyphenols. <b>Method:</b> We applied a single blinded, randomised, cross-over, placebo-controlled trial with adult (25.95 ± 6.25 years) males (N = 40) where the induction of oxidative stress was achieved by an incremental aerobic exercise activity followed by a maximal anaerobic activity until exhaustion. To assess the model, rooibos polyphenolics was used as one of the interventions, while markers of safety and oxidative stress were measured on various occasions during the trial period. <b>Results:</b> The exercise regime reliably and repeatably induced oxidative stress, evidenced by increased levels of oxidative damage markers, i.e., oxidised glutathione (<i>p</i> = 0.003), malondialdehyde (<i>p</i> = 0.004), and a Comet assay tail moment (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while unconjugated bilirubin (<i>p</i> = 0.002) and the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (<i>p</i> < 0.001) increased over the study period, in the male study participants, irrespective of the oral intervention. <b>Conclusions:</b> This model showed an exercise regime that could be adapted to induce oxidative stress in a reliable and repeatable fashion without risk of causing harm. This study also demonstrated that a dietary polyphenolic intervention with rooibos did not complicate the onset of oxidative stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472591/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Modifications in IBS Leads to Reduced Symptoms, Weight, and Lipid Levels: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Bodil Roth, Bodil Ohlsson","doi":"10.3390/nu17182966","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182966","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is presented with both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. In addition, overweight/obesity and metabolic syndrome is prevalent in IBS. Dietary interventions with a low content of fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) or a starch- and sucrose-reduced diet (SSRD) efficiently reduce symptoms and weight. Our hypothesis was that not only nutrition composition but also weight reduction is of importance for symptom relief. The aim was to merge two randomized trials and examine symptoms, weight, nutrition intake, and lipid levels at baseline and during nutritional intervention. <b>Methods</b>: One study with 105 IBS patients randomized to either an SSRD (<i>n</i> = 80) or control diet (<i>n</i> = 25) and one study with 155 IBS patients randomized to an SSRD (<i>n</i> = 77) or low FODMAP (<i>n</i> = 78) were merged. Symptom and food questionnaires were analyzed together with weight/body mass index (BMI) and lipid levels. <b>Results</b>: Patients had moderate or severe IBS at baseline, and half of them were overweight/obese. Energy intake was reduced by both diets, with the most pronounced carbohydrate reduction after the SSRD. The cholesterol levels were highest in the second cohort, possibly due to the higher fat and lower starch intake. About 25% had high-density lipoprotein below reference levels. Gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, as well as weight/BMI, were reduced by the SSRD and low FODMAP, but not in the control group. The SSRD in the second cohort and low FODMAP rendered lower levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and non-high-density lipoprotein levels. Weight/BMI were more often associated with lipid levels and symptoms than nutrient composition at baseline, and weight/BMI reductions correlated with carbohydrate reduction and were associated with a reduction in gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms. <b>Conclusions</b>: Not only food components, but also overweight/obesity may be of importance for the development and severity of IBS and related symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472658/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145176853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review Evaluating the Impact of Fibre Supplementation on Gut Health and Other Clinical Outcomes in Adults with Haematological Malignancies During Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.","authors":"Fiona McCullough, Janice Cheung, Laura J Miller","doi":"10.3390/nu17182973","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Gut health is often disrupted in adults with haematological malignancies (HMs) receiving chemotherapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT). Microbial diversity is reduced, and both infection risk and inflammation increased. The role of dietary fibre in enhancing gut health, immune regulation, reducing complications, and improving clinical outcomes for people with HMs shows promise but the extent of their role remains unclear. <b>Objectives:</b> This systematic review evaluated the role of dietary fibre supplementation in adults with HMs undergoing HCT on gut health, immune function, and gastrointestinal health. This included assessment of differences between fibre types. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, independently by two reviewers. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). <b>Results:</b> Of the 5023 studies after de-duplication, 63 remained after abstract and title screening, 59 studies were full-text screened, 56 studies were excluded due to language (<i>n</i> = 6), wrong intervention (<i>n</i> = 25), wrong population (<i>n</i> = 4), or reporting on unrelated outcomes (<i>n</i> = 21), and 3 studies met all inclusion criteria. Interventions included fructooligosaccharides (FOS), resistant starch (RS), and a glutamine, fibre, and oligosaccharide (GFO) prebiotic blend. Despite heterogeneity in measured outcomes, positive impacts on gut health, immune function, and gastrointestinal health were shown. <b>Conclusions:</b> Fibre supplementation represents a promising adjunctive strategy to improve clinical outcomes in adults with HMs undergoing HCT, by improving microbial diversity, increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and reducing incidence of acute GVHD. Further research is needed to establish specific recommendations for fibre in the nutritional management of patients with HM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immunomodulatory Effects of <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> NES-428 in a Hyperthyroidism Mouse Model: Potential Applications for Graves' Disease.","authors":"Min-Gyu Lee, Dong-Hyun Lee, Suzie Kang, Jongho Koh, Cheol-Won Yun","doi":"10.3390/nu17182967","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182967","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Safe, microbiome-based interventions for autoimmune hyperthyroidism are lacking. We isolated the lactic acid bacterium NES-428 from kimchi and previously demonstrated that it shares 99% 16S-rRNA identity with <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> reference strains, confirming NES-428 as a novel strain. Here we evaluated its immunomodulatory and anti-thyroid activity in cellular and murine models. <b>Methods:</b> Jurkat T cells (5 × 10⁶) were incubated with heat-killed NES-428 for 24 h and subsequently stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin (50 ng mL^-1/1 µg mL^-1) for 6 h; cytokine transcripts were quantified by qRT-PCR. Hyperthyroidism was induced in female BALB/c mice by three intramuscular injections of adenovirus-encoding human TSH receptor (Ad-TSHR). Mice received a daily oral dose of NES-428 (1 × 10⁹ CFU) for 15 weeks. Serum thyroxine (T₄) levels, splenocyte cytokine secretion, and thyroid histopathology were assessed. Statistical analyses employed one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc or log-rank tests (α = 0.05). <b>Results:</b> NES-428 pre-conditioning of Jurkat cells significantly down-regulated <i>IL-2</i> and <i>IFN-γ</i> transcripts (-48% and -43%, respectively; <i>p</i> < 0.01) compared with stimulated controls while modestly increasing <i>IL-4</i> (+26%). In Ad-TSHR mice, daily NES-428 reduced mean serum T₄ from 11.2 ± 2.1 to 5.8 ± 1.4 µg dL^-1 (<i>p</i> < 0.001), restored body weight gain, and normalized follicular architecture relative to untreated hyperthyroid animals. NES-428 supplementation also lowered splenocyte IFN-γ secretion by 58% and raised IL-4 by 41% (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The kimchi-derived strain NES-428 attenuates Th1-skewed cytokine responses and ameliorates experimental hyperthyroidism in vivo. These findings support further investigation of NES-428 as a probiotic candidate for immune modulation in Graves' disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473064/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Pomegranate Extract on IGF-1 Levels and Telomere Length in Older Adults (55-70 Years): Findings from a Randomised Double-Blinded Controlled Trial.","authors":"Grace Farhat, Jhama Malla, Liam Hanson, Jay Vadher, Emad A S Al-Dujaili","doi":"10.3390/nu17182974","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Emerging evidence suggests that polyphenols may contribute to the attenuation of telomere attrition and the upregulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), primarily in animal and cell studies, and to a lesser extent in humans. Pomegranate extract, known for its high antioxidant capacity, has shown promise in preventing telomere shortening and enhancing IGF-1 levels, but evidence in humans is lacking. <b>Objective</b>: To investigate the effects of pomegranate extract on telomere length and serum IGF-1 levels in older adults aged 55-70 years. <b>Methods</b>: Participants took part in a two-arm double-blind parallel trial, receiving either placebo capsules (maltodextrin) or pomegranate extract (740 mg) daily for 12 weeks. At baseline, week 6 and week 12, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure readings and blood samples were collected. Telomere length and serum IGF-1 levels were assessed. <b>Results</b>: A total of 72 participants completed the study. Analysis showed a significant effect of treatment and time on IGF-1 ((F_2,136 = 3.43, <i>p</i> = 0.04), with levels significantly increasing in the pomegranate extract group at week 12. No significant effects on telomere length were noted. Weight status, physical activity, age, gender and energy intake did not impact the outcomes. <b>Conclusions</b>: Pomegranate extract significantly increased IGF-1 levels and could exert a positive role on vascular ageing. Further research is needed to replicate these findings and confirm its long-term benefits. Extended studies are required to elucidate its potential to counteract telomere shortening.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472374/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is There a Future Without Gluten Restrictions for Celiac Patients? Update on Current Treatments.","authors":"Marina Girbal-González, Francisco J Pérez-Cano","doi":"10.3390/nu17182960","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune enteropathy triggered by dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Along with other disorders such as non-celiac gluten/wheat sensitivity and gluten allergy, adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is required as the only effective treatment for CeD. To this end, and partially due to the burdensome nature and limited efficacy in some patients of a GFD, significant research into alternative therapies has been catalyzed. This review gives a perspective on current and emerging treatment strategies targeting different aspects of CeD pathogenesis. These include gluten-degrading enzymes (e.g., AN-PEP, Latiglutenase, Zamaglutenase), gluten-sequestering agents (e.g., AGY-010, BL-7010), modulators of intestinal permeability (e.g., Larazotide acetate, IMU-856), immune-modulating agents (e.g., ZED1227, AMG 714, EQ102), and strategies for immune tolerization (e.g., TAK-101, KAN-101, Nexvax2). Newer approaches are also targeting probiotics to modulate the gut microbiota (e.g., VSL#3, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> HEAL9), nutraceuticals (e.g., polyphenols, vitamins), or food modifications to remove the gluten from naturally gluten-containing foodstuffs (e.g., gluten transamidation, Gluten Friendly™ technology). Despite encouraging results in preclinical and clinical trials, no treatment has yet been conclusively proven to serve as an effective alternative to the GFD. Continued research is essential to validate efficacy, optimize dosing, and ensure safety in broader patient populations. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic landscape for CeD, analyze the main strengths and limitations of each treatment and highlight promising directions for future management of CeD, altogether evidencing the urgent need to develop effective alternatives for these patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472395/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamins, Vascular Health and Disease.","authors":"George Ayoub","doi":"10.3390/nu17182955","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular health relies on the proper function of endothelial cells, which regulate vascular tone, blood fluidity, and barrier integrity. Endothelial dysfunction, often aggravated by inadequate vitamin absorption, contributes to a spectrum of clinical disorders, including cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral artery disease, age-related macular degeneration, lymphedema, and chronic venous insufficiency. B-group vitamins (especially folate, or vitamin B9), along with vitamins B12, B6, C, D, and E, are essential in maintaining endothelial function, supporting DNA synthesis, regulating methylation, enhancing cellular repair, mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling, and curtailing vascular damage. Folate is noted for its central function in one-carbon metabolism and in converting homocysteine to methionine, thereby reducing vascular toxicity. We cover natural dietary sources of folate, synthetic folic acid, and the biologically active forms 5-methyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (L-5-MTHF, L-methylfolate) and 5-formyl-(6S)-tetrahydrofolate (levoleucovorin). Therapeutic strategies to address vascular health and prevent hyperhomocysteinemia in order to preclude follow-on disorders include targeted vitamin supplementation, dietary improvements to ensure a sufficient intake of bioavailable nutrient forms, and, in certain clinical contexts, the use of active L-methylfolate or levoleucovorin (a drug product) to bypass metabolic conversion issues. These evidence-based interventions aim to restore endothelial homeostasis, slow disease progression, and improve patient outcomes across a variety of disorders linked to poor vascular health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472326/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Suppression Effects of <i>Ephedra przewalskii</i> Stapf-Derived Natural Compounds on SARS-CoV-2.","authors":"Xiaolan Zhu, Abeer Mohamed Abdelfattah Elsayed, Masaki Kakimoto, Sachiko Sugimoto, Takemasa Sakaguchi, Keiko Ogawa-Ochiai","doi":"10.3390/nu17182958","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Ephedra przewalskii</i> Stapf stems are a traditional Mongolian medicine commonly used to treat infectious diseases. Previous in vitro experiments have shown that the extract powder derived from its stems possesses antiviral activity. However, the active compounds responsible for this activity in <i>E. przewalskii</i> Stapf have not yet been identified or evaluated. This study aimed to identify the active components in <i>E. przewalskii</i> that exhibit antiviral effects against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro and validate their antiviral activity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>E. przewalskii</i> stem extracts were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography with varying methanol ratios in the mobile phase to obtain fractions with different polarities. Antiviral activity was assessed by infecting VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta strain and treating them with the obtained fractions. Infectious titers were measured using the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID₅₀) method, and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values were calculated for each fraction. The active components in the two fractions with the highest antiviral activity were identified and structurally characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The antiviral activity of these compounds was confirmed by adding them to SARS-CoV-2-infected cells and measuring their infectious titers using the TCID₅₀ method. The IC₅₀ values were also calculated. Viral-particle inactivation assays were conducted by mixing the extracts with SARS-CoV-2 and measuring infectious titers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>(-)-Catechin, (+)-epigallocatechin-(2α→<i>O</i>→7,4α→8)-(-)-epicatechin, and <i>ent</i>-epicatechin-(4α→8;2α→<i>O</i>→7)-catechin were isolated from <i>E. przewalskii</i>. These compounds exhibited significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 but demonstrated minimal direct virucidal effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>(-)-Catechin, (+)-epigallocatechin-(2α→<i>O</i>→7,4α→8)-(-)-epicatechin, and <i>ent</i>-epicatechin-(4α→8;2α→<i>O</i>→7)-catechin exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473021/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exercise-Induced Changes in Enterohepatic Communication Are Linked to Liver Steatosis Resolution.","authors":"Yong Zou, Jie Xia, Sen Zhang, Yingjie Guo, Weina Liu, Zhengtang Qi","doi":"10.3390/nu17182962","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term aerobic exercise on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced hepatic steatosis and its underlying enterohepatic communication mechanisms. <b>Methods</b>: C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: normal-diet with sedentary (ND-SED), normal-diet with exercise (ND-EXE), HFD with sedentary (HFD-SED), and HFD with exercise (HFD-EXE). After 16 weeks of HFD feeding, ND-EXE and HFD-EXE groups underwent an 8-week aerobic exercise intervention. Hepatic lipid accumulation was assessed via histology and triglyceride (TG) quantification. Liver function and glucose tolerance were evaluated. Gut microbiota composition (16S rRNA sequencing), hepatic bile acid profiles (LC-MS metabolomics), and gene expression were analyzed. <b>Results</b>: HFD induced hepatic steatosis, glucose intolerance, and liver injury in mice, all of which were ameliorated by exercise. Compared to HFD-SED mice, which exhibited impaired gut microbiota diversity, exercise restored key genera such as <i>Faecalibaculum</i>, and <i>Turicibacter</i>. Functional analysis revealed that exercise modulated microbiota shifts in lipid metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. HFD-EXE mice displayed altered hepatic bile acid composition, characterized by increased tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and reduced taurohyodeoxycholic acid (THDCA). Notably, TUDCA levels correlated with <i>Turicibacter</i> abundance, while deoxycholic acid (DCA) was associated with <i>Faecalibaculum</i>, independent of precursor availability. Exercise also suppressed hepatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and downregulated lipogenic genes via the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)- spliced X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1s) pathway, while concurrently activating farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling to enhance fatty acid oxidation through the FXR-short heterodimer partner (SHP) related to hepatic secondary bile acid abundance change. <b>Conclusions</b>: The beneficial effect of long-term aerobic exercise on high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in mice is potentially mediated through structural changes in the gut microbiota, which influence the abundance of hepatic secondary bile acids (TUDCA, DCA) and subsequently regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12472549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synbiotic Supplementation with Probiotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Enhances Upper-Body Muscle Strength in Elite Swimmers: Evidence for Gut-Muscle Axis Modulation During Race-Pace Training.","authors":"Babak Imanian, Mohammad Hemmatinafar, Ideh Maymandinejad, Mohammad Reza Binazade, Ralf Jäger, Zeinab Jahan, Kimia Naseri, Rasoul Rezaei, Katsuhiko Suzuki","doi":"10.3390/nu17182959","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17182959","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The gut-muscle axis is believed to influence training adaptations through microbiota-derived signals and the regulation of inflammation, but evidence in elite swimmers is limited and mixed. This study aims to determine whether synbiotic supplementation (probiotics + omega-3) combined with ultra-short race-pace training (USRPT) improves sprint-related upper-body strength. <b>Methods:</b> In a randomized, double-blind, 8-week trial of male elite sprint freestyle swimmers, participants completed USRPT and were allocated to either synbiotic supplementation or its single-component arms (probiotic or omega-3) or placebo. Primary outcomes indexed dynamic/explosive strength (isokinetic shoulder torque and power at 180°/s, rate of force development, time-to-peak torque); secondary outcomes included maximal strength (MVIC; 60°/s) and field/strength-endurance tests (dead-hang, handgrip, medicine-ball throw). Analyses reported <i>p</i>-values with effect sizes. <b>Results:</b> The synbiotic group showed greater improvements in high-velocity, sprint-relevant measures versus comparators-higher 180°/s torque and power, increased rate of force development, and shorter time-to-peak torque (Time × Group <i>p</i> < 0.05 across domains; effects in the medium-large range). Changes in handgrip and medicine-ball throw were small and not different between groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Synbiotic supplementation concurrent with USRPT preferentially enhances dynamic (explosive) upper-body strength in elite sprint swimmers, whereas non-stroke-embedded field tests show limited added value. Any reference to gut-muscle-axis modulation is hypothesis-generating, as stool sequencing and metabolite profiling were not performed. Larger, sex-inclusive trials incorporating in-water, stroke-embedded assessments and microbiome/metabolomic profiling are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12473082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145177147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}