Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Improving Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) Symptoms and Quality of Life with Quebracho and Chestnut Tannin-Based Supplementation: A Single-Centre, Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Silvia Molino, Lorenza Francesca De Lellis, Maria Vittoria Morone, Marcello Cordara, Danaè S Larsen, Roberto Piccinocchi, Gaetano Piccinocchi, Alessandra Baldi, Alessandro Di Minno, Hesham R El-Seedi, Roberto Sacchi, Maria Daglia","doi":"10.3390/nu17030552","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030552","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a disorder of the gut-brain axis for which the gastroenterologist is most often consulted. Gastrointestinal symptoms and decreased quality of life lead to a considerable burden of disease. The exact causes of IBS are not well understood, and no standard therapy has been established. The primary outcome of the study focused on the improvements of the IBS symptoms assessed through the validated questionnaire IBS-Severity Scoring System (IBS-SSS). Similarly, secondary outcomes geared towards the improvement of the quality of life (IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QoL) and the Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI)) and specific IBS symptoms (bloating, abdominal distension, feeling of heaviness, abdominal pain, and flatulence), were assessed through self-administered questionnaires. Intestinal habits (consistency and frequency of depositions) through subject stratification into diarrhoea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), mixed type (IBS-M), as well as the treatment tolerability were also evaluated. <b>Methods</b>: A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial was conducted on 156 enrolled IBS patients (79 female and 77 male), aged 18-70 years, randomised (1:1 allocation ratio) to receive either two capsules per day of the food supplement (containing 480 mg of a complex of tannin extracts) or a placebo for 56 days. Linear random intercept mixed models (LMM) were used to analyse all experimental variables <b>Results</b>: Supplementation resulted in a significant improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the primary outcome IBSS score, with respect to the placebo group, changing the IBS condition going from mild (242.3 ± 89.8) to moderate (148.1 ± 60.6). Similarly, all indicators concerning quality of life, and specific intestinal symptoms resulted in a significant improvement (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Furthermore, the tannin-based treatment showed the ability to modulate the response to different symptomatology such as diarrhoea and constipation, without side effects being reported. <b>Conclusions</b>: The use of a supplement based on chestnut and quebracho tannins presents great application potential in the management of IBS-related disorders, with the peculiarity of resolving opposite symptoms, such as diarrhoea and constipation, indiscriminately.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perfectionism, Orthorexia Nervosa, and Body Composition in Young Football Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Grzegorz Zydek, Marek Kardas, Wiktoria Staśkiewicz-Bartecka","doi":"10.3390/nu17030523","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The pursuit of excellence in sports often drives athletes to maintain rigorous dietary and physical standards, sometimes leading to disordered eating patterns like orthorexia nervosa. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between perfectionism, body composition, and the risk of orthorexia among young soccer players.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 young football players aged 15-24 from a football academy. Perfectionism was assessed using the Perfectionism in Sport Questionnaire, while orthorexia nervosa risk was evaluated using the Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale. Body composition parameters, including body mass index, lean body mass, skeletal muscle mass, fat mass, and fat percentage, were analyzed using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Higher levels of negative perfectionism were significantly associated with increased orthorexia nervosa risk (<i>p</i> = 0.006), while positive perfectionism showed no significant correlation. Younger players exhibited higher negative perfectionism scores compared to older groups (<i>p</i> = 0.043). No significant relationships were found between body mass index, body composition parameters, and orthorexia nervosa risk (<i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the psychological underpinnings of orthorexia nervosa risk in young athletes, emphasizing the influence of negative perfectionism and the limited role of body composition. Early intervention focusing on reducing negative perfectionism and promoting adaptive perfectionism could support both psychological well-being and athletic performance. Future research should investigate long-term trends and the role of sociocultural factors in orthorexia nervosa development.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolated White Lupin Proteins Beneficially Modulate the Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats.","authors":"Luis A Rubio, Giulia Chiesa","doi":"10.3390/nu17030551","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Previous work has shown that the mostly beneficial modulation of intestinal microbiota generally found with legume-based diets is likely to be due, at least in part, to their constituent protein components.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The faecal microbiota composition was studied in rats fed diets differing only in their constituent proteins.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Rats (<i>n</i> = 10/group) were fed for 28 days diets based in milk [(lactalbumin (LA), casein (CAS)], or white lupin (<i>Lupinus albus</i>) protein isolate (LPI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant differences among the three groups in bacteria composition and functionality were found by both qPCR and Illumina sequencing analysis. Significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) differences were found by ANOSIM and Discriminant Analysis among groups at the family, genus and species levels in both microbiota composition and functionality. A number of groups able to explain the differences between animal (casein, lactalbumin) and lupin proteins were revealed by LEfSe and PCA analysis. Specifically, feeding the CAS diet resulted in lower <i>Bifidobacteria</i> and <i>Lactobacilli</i> compared to the other diets, and the LPI diet gave place to lower <i>Enterobacteria</i> than CAS, and lower <i>Escherichia</i>/<i>Shigella</i> than LA and CAS. Differences in the LA group were attributable to <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp., <i>Collinsella</i> spp. (in particular <i>C. stercoris</i>), <i>Bacteroides</i> spp., <i>Eubacterium</i> spp. (in particular <i>E. dolichum</i>), <i>Roseburia</i> spp. (in particular <i>R. faecis</i>), and <i>Oscillospira</i> spp. In the case of the CAS group, the organisms were <i>Parabacteroides</i> spp., <i>Blautia</i> spp., <i>Enterobacteriaceae</i> spp., <i>Turicibacter</i> spp., species from <i>Christenellaceae</i>, species from <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> and <i>Mogibacteriaceae</i>, <i>Coprobacillus</i> spp. and <i>Dorea</i> spp. In the case of the LPI group, the organisms were <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. (<i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. and <i>L. reuteri</i>), species from <i>Clostridiaceae</i>, species from <i>Peptostreptococcaceae</i>, species from <i>Erysipelotrichaceae</i>, and <i>Adlercreutzia</i> spp.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Based on the results obtained, LPI is likely to beneficially modulate the intestinal microbiota composition in rats. Additionally, LA-based diet was associated to a healthier microbiota composition than CAS, although the CAS diet also modulated the intestinal microbiota to a composition compatible with improved bowel movement frequency and lipid metabolism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dental Caries, Tooth Erosion and Nutritional Habits in a Cohort of Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Baptiste Mielle, André Júdice, Luís Proença, Vanessa Machado, Ana M Vieira, José João Mendes, Cristina Manso, Cecília Rozan, João Botelho","doi":"10.3390/nu17030543","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>this study aimed to study the association of dental caries and erosion in athletes with dietary and oral health habits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational cross-sectional study was conducted at the Sports Dentistry department of a university clinic. Intraoral examination included the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) index and the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). A questionnaire was completed with sociodemographic data, and dietary and oral hygiene habits. An inferential and multivariable regression analysis was performed to study the association of dental caries and erosion with confounding variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 80 athletes were included. The prevalence of dental caries and erosion was 50.0% and 40%, respectively. Significant associations were observed between self-perceived oral health and caries lesions, with \"Good\" (-5.01, <i>p</i> < 0.001) and \"Very good\" (-5.46, <i>p</i> < 0.001) perceptions linked to fewer lesions. BEWE scores revealed significant associations with meal frequency uncertainty (-12.56, <i>p</i> = 0.014) and uncertainty about the last dental visit (8.82, <i>p</i> = 0.014). Self-perceived oral health as \"Good\" or \"Very good\" was associated with lower dental erosion (<i>p</i> < 0.010). Other demographic and behavioral factors were not significantly associated with caries or erosion.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>this cohort of athletes exhibited a high prevalence of dental caries and erosion, with associated dietary and oral hygiene habits. These results highlight the need for targeted dietary counseling and oral health education for athletes, whose nutritional needs may lead to increased consumption of sugar-rich diets.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Effects and Therapeutic Potential of the Gut Microbe <i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i>.","authors":"Ezinne Aja, Amber Zeng, Weston Gray, Kaden Connelley, Anil Chaganti, Jonathan P Jacobs","doi":"10.3390/nu17030562","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030562","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> is a bacterium commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract that has received considerable interest as a potential probiotic for the improvement of gut health and overall metabolic function. <i>A. muciniphila</i> is enriched in the mucus layer of the intestinal lining, where it degrades mucin and plays a significant role in gut barrier maintenance and immune regulation. A higher abundance of <i>A. muciniphila</i> has been observed in the gut of healthy individuals relative to those with metabolic disorders, and multiple metabolic benefits, including improved glucose management, reduced body fat, and reduced inflammation have been linked to <i>A. muciniphila</i>. Current research on <i>A. muciniphila</i> primarily relies on mouse models, with limited human interventional studies available. While these animal studies offer valuable insights into the potential roles of <i>A. muciniphila</i> in health and disease, further clinical investigations in humans are needed to fully understand its impact. Here, we explore the current scope of <i>A. muciniphila</i> research and its potential as a therapeutic agent to improve gut and metabolic health while also emphasizing the need to optimize techniques to further improve studies of this organism.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820462/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of Fibromyalgia: Novel Nutraceutical Therapies Beyond Traditional Pharmaceuticals.","authors":"Antonella Antonelli, Marzia Bianchi, Elizabeth Jane Fear, Luca Giorgi, Luigia Rossi","doi":"10.3390/nu17030530","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030530","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The pathophysiology of fibromyalgia, a condition that causes chronic pain throughout the body, involves abnormal pain signaling, genetic predispositions, and abnormal neuroendocrine function, significantly impairing quality of life. Fibromyalgia is commonly characterized by musculoskeletal pain, chronic fatigue, and severe sleep alterations. Changes in the central processing of sensory input and defects in endogenous pain inhibition could be the basis of enhanced and persistent pain sensitivity in individuals with fibromyalgia. The term central sensitivity syndrome was chosen as an umbrella term for fibromyalgia and related illnesses, including myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome, migraine, and irritable bowel syndrome. Given the substantial impact of fibromyalgia on health, there is a need for new prevention and treatment strategies, particularly those involving bioavailable nutraceuticals and/or phytochemicals. This approach is particularly important considering the adverse effects of current fibromyalgia pharmaceutical treatments, such as antidepressants and anticonvulsants, which can lead to physical dependence and tolerance. Natural products have recently been considered for the design of innovative analgesics and antinociceptive agents to manage fibromyalgia pain. Polyphenols show promise in the management of neuropathic pain and fibromyalgia, especially considering how anti-inflammatory treatments, including corticosteroids and nonsteroidal medical drugs, are effective only when inflammatory processes coexist and are not recommended as the primary treatment for fibromyalgia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unlocking the Predictive Power of Nutritional Scores in Septic Patients.","authors":"Arianna Toscano, Federica Bellone, Noemi Maggio, Maria Cinquegrani, Francesca Spadaro, Francesca Maria Bueti, Giuseppe Lorello, Herbert Ryan Marini, Alberto Lo Gullo, Giorgio Basile, Giovanni Squadrito, Giuseppe Mandraffino, Carmela Morace","doi":"10.3390/nu17030545","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Sepsis is a critical condition characterized by severe immune dysregulation, ranking among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in intensive care and internal medicine units. Nutritional status plays a pivotal role in modulating these responses, as when inadequate it can compromise immune defenses, the body's ability to handle stress and inflammation, and the clinical course. Malnutrition is frequently observed in septic patients and is strongly associated with worse clinical outcomes, including increased mortality, prolonged hospital stays, and greater complication rates. In this context, nutritional scoring systems have emerged as valuable tools to evaluate patients' nutritional status and predict clinical trajectories. <b>Objectives</b>: Given the absence of a direct comparison of their performance in an internal medicine setting, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of various nutritional scores as predictive tools for clinical outcomes in septic patients, emphasizing their application within the field of internal medicine. <b>Methods and Results</b>: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 143 patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock who were admitted to an internal medicine unit. Key variables included clinical and laboratory parameters, comorbidities, and nutritional scores at the time of diagnosis. The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), the Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score, the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score, and the blood urea nitrogen-to-albumin ratio (BAR) were evaluated in forecasting mortality and clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. Among them, the mNUTRIC score emerged as the strongest independent predictor of in-hospital mortality, with a good performance and a reasonable threshold for risk stratification. <b>Conclusions</b>: The study highlights the mNUTRIC score's practicality and reliability in assessing nutritional and inflammatory risks in septic patients, particularly in non-ICU settings. These findings suggest its potential utility in guiding nutritional interventions and improving clinical outcomes, emphasizing the importance of integrating nutritional assessment into sepsis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Patterns, Oxidative Stress, and Early Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Comparing Mediterranean, Vegan, and Vegetarian Diets.","authors":"Sara Ilari, Stefania Proietti, Francesca Milani, Laura Vitiello, Carolina Muscoli, Patrizia Russo, Stefano Bonassi","doi":"10.3390/nu17030548","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dietary habits influenced by lifestyle and cultural factors play a critical role in health by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. While diets offer significant benefits, they may also pose risks, such as nutrient deficiencies, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach. Exploring Mediterranean and plant-based diet effects on oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers may help improve health outcomes and disease prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed 65 studies following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the effects of Mediterranean and plant-based diets on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation in healthy individuals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Mediterranean diet was weakly associated with reductions in oxidative stress markers, including MDA (ROM: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.57-1.13; <i>p</i> = 0.2092) and 8OHdG (ROM: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.59-1.11; <i>p</i> = 0.1847), as well as inflammation markers such as CRP (ROM: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.42-1.23; <i>p</i> = 0.1545) and IL-6 (ROM: 1.23; 95% CI: 0.97-1.55; <i>p</i> = 0.08). The vegetarian diet significantly reduced CRP (ROM: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.69-0.98; <i>p</i> = 0.0297), while the vegan diet showed a borderline reduction (ROM: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.56-1.17; <i>p</i> = 0.2544), suggesting lower systemic inflammation compared to omnivorous diets.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although all three diets demonstrate potential in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, the antioxidant effects-especially for the Mediterranean diet-are lower than anticipated, indicating alternative mechanisms. Further research is essential to confirm these findings and clarify the underlying mechanisms to enhance preventive health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819869/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-FODMAP Diet for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Insights from Microbiome.","authors":"Haoshuai Zhang, Qi Su","doi":"10.3390/nu17030544","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prevalent gastrointestinal disorder characterized by chronic abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. Low-FODMAP diets, which involve restricting fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols, have emerged as an effective dietary intervention for alleviating IBS symptoms. This review paper aims to synthesize current insights into the impact of a low-FODMAP diet on the gut microbiome and its mechanisms of action in managing IBS. We explore the alterations in microbial composition and function associated with a low-FODMAP diet and discuss the implications of these changes for gut health and symptom relief. Additionally, we examine the balance between symptom improvement and potential negative effects on microbial diversity and long-term gut health. Emerging evidence suggests that while a low-FODMAP diet can significantly reduce IBS symptoms, it may also lead to reductions in beneficial microbial populations. Strategies to mitigate these effects, such as the reintroduction phase and the use of probiotics, are evaluated. This review highlights the importance of a personalized approach to dietary management in IBS, considering individual variations in microbiome responses. Understanding the intricate relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and IBS symptomatology will guide the development of more effective, sustainable dietary strategies for IBS patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11819959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Intake and Ovarian Reserve in Women Attending a Fertility Center.","authors":"Ana B Maldonado-Cárceles, Irene Souter, Ming-Chieh Li, Makiko Mitsunami, Irene Dimitriadis, Jennifer B Ford, Lidia Mínguez-Alarcón, Jorge E Chavarro","doi":"10.3390/nu17030554","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17030554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the association between antioxidant intake and antral follicle count (AFC), a marker of ovarian reserve, in women attending a fertility clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational study with 567 women undergoing infertility evaluation at the Massachusetts General Hospital Fertility Center, who were enrolled in the Environment and Reproductive Health (EARTH) study. Participants filled out the lifestyle and health questionnaires and a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for assessing habitual dietary intake and underwent a transvaginal ultrasound to measure AFC. Intake of nutrients with direct antioxidant capacity (vitamin A, C, and E and carotenoids) and intake of antioxidant food sources were estimated from the FFQ. Adjusted Poisson regression models were fitted to assess the relationships between antioxidants and AFC while adjusting for potential confounders. Non-linearity was assessed with restricted cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median (interquartile range) age and AFC of participants were 35.0 (32.0-38.0) years and 13 (9-18), respectively. Our findings revealed a non-linear association between lycopene intake and AFC. There was a positive linear association with the highest AFC among women consuming approximately 6000 mcg/day of lycopene (<i>p</i> for non-linearity = 0.003). An inverse association was observed between retinol intake, predominantly from dairy foods, and AFC among women aged under 35 years (<i>p</i>-trend < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings suggest that lycopene intake might influence the ovarian reserve in fertility patients. The observed inverse association with retinol, if confirmed, may reflect biological mechanisms different from oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms of these associations remain to be elucidated and warrant further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11820690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143409637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}