A Systematic Review of Evidence on the Role of Ready-to-Eat Cereals in Diet and Non-Communicable Disease Prevention.

Abstract

Background: Ready-to-eat cereals (RTECs) are a large, heterogeneous category of cereals designed to fit into busy lifestyles with minimal preparation time. Methods: This systematic review evaluated nutrient intake data from seven national surveys. Using PubMed and Science Direct (1 January 2004 until 16 September 2024), we investigated RTECs in relation to their contributions to macro, micronutrient and food group intakes, breakfast/diet quality and effects on health with focus on non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention. The search was restricted to Systematic Reviews (SRs), meta-analyses (MAs), randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. Fifty-one publications were obtained. Studies related to health outcomes and NCD risk were graded using an updated Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network approach. Results: Grade A evidence: Based on high-quality MA, SRs, or RCTs, this showed that RTEC consumption was associated with improved nutrient intakes (particularly fibre and micronutrients), reduced cardiovascular disease and mortality. One good-quality Grade A meta-analysis showed that total whole grain intake which included cereals was associated with a reduced risk of total cancer. Grade B evidence: Based largely on observational evidence, this showed that RTEC consumption was associated with reduced risk of overweight and obesity, body mass index and composition improvements and type 2 diabetes risk. For food group intakes, breakfast/diet quality and lipid profiles, more well-designed studies were needed (Grade D evidence). Conclusions: There is consistent evidence that RTECs generally have positive or neutral effects on nutritional status and NCD prevention. Strongest evidence exists for RTEC and micronutrient intakes, reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), body weight regulation, and reduced type 2 diabetes risk. Public health messaging should recognise that RTECs, especially whole-grain, higher-fibre and lower-sugar varieties, may help to reinforce micronutrient intakes and a range of health outcomes.