Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Correction: Kawai et al. Effect of Isoflavone on Muscle Atrophy in Ovariectomized Mice. <i>Nutrients</i> 2024, <i>16</i>, 3295.","authors":"Sayaka Kawai, Takuro Okamura, Chihiro Munekawa, Yuka Hasegawa, Ayaka Kobayashi, Hanako Nakajima, Saori Majima, Naoko Nakanishi, Ryoichi Sasano, Masahide Hamaguchi, Michiaki Fukui","doi":"10.3390/nu18172769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18172769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the original publication [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Enani et al. The Association Between Dyslipidemia, Dietary Habits and Other Lifestyle Indicators Among Non-Diabetic Attendees of Primary Health Care Centers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. <i>Nutrients</i> 2020, <i>12</i>, 2441.","authors":"Sumia Enani, Suhad Bahijri, Manal Malibary, Hanan Jambi, Basmah Eldakhakhny, Jawaher Al-Ahmadi, Rajaa Al Raddadi, Ghada Ajabnoor, Anwar Boraie, Jaakko Tuomilehto","doi":"10.3390/nu18172772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/nu18172772","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The authors wish to make the following corrections to the published article [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148888231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bias Characterization of Resting Energy Expenditure Prediction Equations in Japanese Subjects: A Pilot Exploratory Study.","authors":"Hitomi Matsuura, Kanako Deguchi, Katsumi Iizuka","doi":"10.3390/nu18162743","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162743","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accurate estimation of energy requirements is essential for appropriate nutritional therapy. Resting energy expenditure (REE) predictive equations are derived from specific populations and may therefore contain systematic individual-level biases when applied in different clinical settings. In this pilot exploratory study, we compared REE measured by portable indirect calorimetry with estimates obtained using multiple predictive methods in Japanese adults and characterized their association, absolute agreement, and error structure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-six university staff members and students were enrolled. The association and absolute agreement between REE measured by portable indirect calorimetry and estimates obtained using four predictive methods (Harris-Benedict, DRIs, Cunningham, and Ganpule) were evaluated using Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, ICC(2,1), and Bland-Altman analyses. For equations demonstrating significant proportional bias, multivariate linear regression analyses were additionally performed using residual estimation error, calculated as (predicted REE-measured REE)/measured REE × 100, as the dependent variable.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants included 16 men and 20 women, with a mean age of 28.9 ± 10.3 years and BMI of 22.1 ± 3.1 kg/m2. Spearman's rho ranged from 0.750 to 0.800, and ICC(2,1) estimates ranged from 0.736 to 0.766. Mean biases (predicted minus measured REE) were 50.7 kcal/day (95% CI, -20.1 to 121.4) for Harris-Benedict, -73.1 kcal/day (95% CI, -148.8 to 2.6) for DRIs, -94.7 kcal/day (95% CI, -161.7 to -27.8) for Cunningham, and -90.6 kcal/day (95% CI, -161.1 to -20.2) for Ganpule. The corresponding proportions of predictions within ±10% of measured REE were 41.7% (95% CI, 27.1-57.8%), 50.0% (95% CI, 34.5-65.5%), 55.6% (95% CI, 39.6-70.5%), and 52.8% (95% CI, 37.0-68.0%), respectively. Multivariate analyses suggested greater underestimation in females and a shift toward overestimation with higher BMI.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite moderate-to-strong rank associations with measured REE, Bland-Altman analysis revealed proportional bias in three of the four predictive methods that was not apparent from the correlation coefficients alone. Exploratory analyses suggested that sex and BMI should be considered when interpreting the direction of prediction error. Because the precision of the limits of agreement was restricted by the small sample size, larger studies are needed to estimate individual-level agreement more precisely and to examine these error patterns in older adults and individuals with acute or chronic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516483/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148830576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Independent Associations of Food Insecurity and Neighborhood Deprivation: Independent Associations with Incident Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in a Diverse U.S. Cohort.","authors":"Yong Eun, Marie S Thearle, Joon Hee Kim, Rhonda K Trousdale, Joan Culpepper-Morgan","doi":"10.3390/nu18162741","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Social determinants of health are implicated in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), yet longitudinal evidence on incident disease is scarce, and whether individual- and community-level determinants act independently remains unclear. The objective of this study was to examine whether individual food insecurity and neighborhood deprivation are independently associated with incident MASLD. <b>Methods:</b> In this retrospective cohort of 40,693 U.S. adults without baseline MASLD in the diverse NIH <i>All of Us</i> Research Program, food insecurity (two-item Hunger Vital Sign) and neighborhood deprivation (validated five-domain composite) were co-primary exposures, with incident MASLD ascertained from validated diagnostic codes. Proportional hazards models were adjusted for demographic, socioeconomic, and metabolic factors, including obesity. <b>Results:</b> Over 116,220 person-years, 1240 (3.0%) participants developed MASLD. Both associations remained significant after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and major metabolic risk factors, including obesity (food insecurity adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.32, 95% CI 1.13-1.53; neighborhood deprivation aHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37). Unadjusted cumulative incidence was highest among participants with both exposures and lowest among those with neither. Findings were consistent across sensitivity analyses; the food-insecurity association remained when neighborhood disadvantage was specified with a census-based index. <b>Conclusions:</b> Food insecurity and neighborhood deprivation were independently associated with higher incidence of MASLD. Nutrition-focused, equity-oriented interventions warrant evaluation to reduce MASLD burden and advance health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low Time-Weighted Parathyroid Hormone Is Associated with Malnutrition-Inflammation and Functional Dependence in Maintenance Hemodialysis.","authors":"Nomy Levin Iaina, Alexandra Petkutsa, Nayaf Habashi, Evgenia Gurevich","doi":"10.3390/nu18162742","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Background/Objectives</i>: Low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in maintenance hemodialysis may reflect malnutrition, inflammation, reduced functional reserve, or low bone turnover rather than optimal CKD-MBD control. We evaluated associations of longitudinal PTH burden with nutritional-inflammatory and functional-dependence profiles, hospitalization, and mortality. <i>Methods</i>: This retrospective cohort included 188 adults receiving maintenance hemodialysis. Serial PTH measurements were summarized using time-weighted mean PTH. Associations with nutritional-inflammatory biomarkers, functional-dependence measures, and hospitalization were assessed using regression models. Mortality was primarily evaluated using a joint longitudinal-survival model linking repeated log2-transformed PTH measurements with time to death and adjusting for age, sex, dialysis vintage, and dialysis access. A 6-month landmark analysis was performed as a complementary sensitivity analysis. <i>Results</i>: Median time-weighted mean PTH was 292 pg/mL. Lower longitudinal PTH burden was associated with lower albumin, cholesterol, and transferrin and higher <i>C</i>-reactive protein and ferritin. Higher PTH was associated with lower odds of worse mobility and dependence in dressing, bathing, toileting, and continence after adjustment. Hospitalization was not significantly associated with PTH. During follow-up, 62 patients died. In the joint model, each twofold higher estimated current PTH level was associated with a lower observed mortality hazard (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 0.58, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.46-0.73; <i>p</i> < 0.001). The 6-month landmark analysis included 159 patients and 44 subsequent deaths. Each twofold higher PTH level was associated with lower subsequent mortality hazard (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51-0.95; <i>p</i> = 0.021), while PTH < 150 pg/mL was associated with higher mortality than PTH 300-600 pg/mL (HR 2.84, 95% CI 1.22-6.63). <i>Conclusions</i>: Low time-weighted PTH was associated with adverse nutritional-inflammatory and functional profiles, and lower estimated current PTH with higher mortality. Findings were consistent in the 6-month landmark analysis, do not establish causality, and support interpreting PTH in the broader clinical context.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516352/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148830269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Its Association with Nutrition Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Impairment or Living in Retirement Homes.","authors":"Raksha Aravind, Heather H Keller","doi":"10.3390/nu18162733","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sarcopenia is an age-related condition characterized by declines in muscle strength and muscle mass associated with adverse health outcomes in older adults. Nutrition risk may contribute to sarcopenia development; however, its relationship with sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults, especially those living in retirement homes or with subjective cognitive impairment, remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia and its indicators using the EWGSOP2 criteria in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive impairment and those living in retirement homes and examine associations between nutrition risk and probable sarcopenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A secondary analysis of cross-sectional data from 326 adults aged ≥55 years was conducted. Sarcopenia was assessed using the EWGSOP2 Find-Assess-Confirm-Severity framework and nutrition risk was measured using SCREEN-14 and the Nutrition Risk Rating Score (NRRS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 37.0% of participants were at risk for sarcopenia, and 26.9%, 5.5%, and 4.3% were classified with probable, confirmed, and severe sarcopenia, respectively. Retirement home residents were more likely to meet criteria for sarcopenia risk, low grip strength, and slow gait speed (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) than those with subjective cognitive impairment living in the community. In adjusted analyses, walker use and higher NRRS were associated with probable sarcopenia, whereas SCREEN-14 scores were not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that sarcopenia risk is common in these populations but confirmed sarcopenia is low using the EWGSOP2 framework. Nutrition risk as assessed by a dietitian using a comprehensive assessment is associated with probable sarcopenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148830525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Anti-Inflammatory Nutrition in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiometabolic Diseases.","authors":"Cristina-Sorina Cătană, Monica Mihaela Marta, Denisa Popa, Eleonora Dronca","doi":"10.3390/nu18162732","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Metabolic syndrome is closely linked to chronic systemic inflammation and intestinal dysbiosis. Anti-inflammatory nutrition is an approach based on the interaction between dietary intake, chronic low-grade inflammation, and the pathophysiological mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic diseases. This narrative review evaluates the impact of plant-based dietary models, including vegan and modified Mediterranean variants, on key metabolic and inflammatory parameters. <b>Methods</b>: Literature data published in PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar between 2017 and 2026 were used to evaluate the relation between diet, inflammation, and cardiometabolic diseases. We focused on multiple biomarkers, including inflammatory, metabolic, and oxidative-stress indicators measured by standardized laboratory methods to estimate the overall relationship between diet and chronic inflammation. <b>Results</b>: Dietary indices such as eADI-17 allow quantification of the inflammatory potential of anti-inflammatory nutrition and correlate with biomarkers such as hsCRP, IL-6, and soluble TNF receptors. <b>Conclusions</b>: Integrated nutritional strategies that combine plant-based models, temporal control of meals, and microbiota-directed interventions provide efficient support by improving endothelial dysfunction, the thrombotic profile, and chronic inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Chewing Gum Containing <i>Heyndrickxia coagulans</i> SNZ1969^® and Volatile Sulphur Compounds: An Exploratory Secondary Analysis of a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Silvia Cirio, Giacomo Mantegazza, Claudia Salerno, Simone Guglielmetti, Aesha Allam, Guglielmo Campus, Maria Grazia Cagetti","doi":"10.3390/nu18162735","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162735","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background</b>: Chewing gum may reduce oral malodor through salivary stimulation and may also serve as a carrier for oral probiotics. Evidence on <i>Heyndrickxia coagulans</i> in this setting is lacking. <b>Methods</b>: This exploratory secondary analysis used data from a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study in which 52 healthy adults were assigned to a sugar-free gum with <i>H. coagulans</i> SNZ1969^® or to a matched placebo gum for four weeks. Hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) and methyl mercaptan (CH₃SH) were measured by OralChroma™ at baseline (T₀), during intervention (T₁-T₂), and one week after gum discontinuation (T₃). Dental plaque 16S rRNA profiles from the parent trial were re-analysed in relation to VSC values. <b>Results</b>: Forty-four participants completed follow-up. H₂S and CH₃SH concentrations did not differ between probiotic and placebo groups at any visit, and changes from baseline were also similar between arms. In the probiotic group, H₂S was lower than baseline at T₂ (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and T₃ (<i>p</i> = 0.031), but this within-arm decrease was not greater than the change seen with placebo. Taxon-level analyses suggested nominal associations with taxa plausibly linked to sulphur metabolism, mainly for H₂S, but no association survived false-discovery-rate correction. <b>Conclusions</b>: The probiotic gum did not show a statistically significant additional effect on VSC concentrations compared with the placebo gum. The within-arm H₂S decrease and microbiome signals are exploratory and require confirmation in trials designed for participants with clinically established halitosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Routine Supplementation to Targeted Repletion: Vitamin D Deficiency in UVB-Constrained, Pollution-Exposed, and Ageing Populations-Musculoskeletal and Extra-Skeletal Perspectives.","authors":"Yonghyun Yoon, Jihyo Hwang, Jungyoun Kim, Ki-Tae Kim, Chan-Mo Yang, Rowook Park, Jaehyun Shim, Jonghyeok Lee, Seungbeom Kim, Youngmo Kim, King Hei Stanley Lam","doi":"10.3390/nu18162736","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Vitamin D deficiency remains common in UVB-constrained, pollution-exposed, sedentary, and ageing populations, yet recent guidelines discourage routine screening and empiric high-dose supplementation in generally healthy adults. This review clarifies the clinical distinction between untargeted population supplementation and monitored repletion of documented deficiency in high-risk individuals. Methods: We conducted a focused narrative review of PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. The focused evidence search supporting the narrative synthesis was completed in June 2026. References published subsequently were included during manuscript preparation only when relevant for contextual purposes and were not incorporated retrospectively into the evidence-selection process underlying the review's clinical conclusions. Evidence was interpreted according to baseline and achieved 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], dosing schedule, route, body composition, endpoint, and population risk. No formal risk-of-bias assessment, certainty grading, or systematic meta-analytic synthesis was performed. <b>Key Findings:</b> The strongest rationale for vitamin D repletion remains musculoskeletal, particularly for osteomalacia, muscle function, osteoporosis care, and fracture-related vulnerability in deficient or high-risk patients. Management should separate generally healthy adults from patients with an indication for testing or treatment. Historical and regional expert frameworks describe time-limited higher-dose repletion for documented deficiency, but these regimens should not be interpreted as a current universal Endocrine Society treatment standard. Short-term trials using moderate cumulative oral doses suggest broadly comparable biochemical repletion with daily, weekly, or monthly schedules; equivalence has not been established for long-term clinical outcomes, frail populations, or large intermittent doses. Extra-skeletal associations remain less trial-supported. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency should be managed using clinically indicated assessment, explicit repletion and maintenance regimens, and selective biochemical reassessment. Targets above conventional skeletal adequacy thresholds remain investigational and should not be applied as universal treatment goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13516825/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Cistanche tubulosa</i> (Schrenk) Wight Extract Ameliorates Learning and Spatial Memory Abilities in High-Altitude Hypobaric Hypoxia Rats.","authors":"Huanhuan Wang, Qiqi Zeng, Weiwen Jing, Xiaojuan Mou, Wenyan Zhao, Dongliang Zhu, Xiaowei Bao, Wenxin Zheng","doi":"10.3390/nu18162744","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu18162744","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> High-altitude hypobaric hypoxia (HH) is a major environmental stressor that impairs cognitive function, yet effective and widely available therapeutics remain limited. Although <i>Rhodiola rosea</i> has shown neuroprotective effects, its resource scarcity restricts large-scale application. <i>Cistanche tubulosa</i> (Schrenk) Wight, a traditional Chinese functional food, has been increasingly used in health supplements due to its anti-fatigue, anti-dementia, and memory-enhancing properties, suggesting potential benefits against hypoxia-induced cognitive impairment. <b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to investigate the effects of <i>C. tubulosa</i> ethanol extract (CTE) on hippocampal tissue and gut microbiota upon chronic HH exposure using SPF male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 60 male SD rats were randomly assigned to six experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 10 per group): normoxic control, untreated HH model, positive control (<i>R. rosea</i>), and low-, medium-, high-dose CTE treatment groups. Behavioral tests (Morris water maze), hippocampal histopathology, serum and hippocampal oxidative stress markers (SOD, GSH-Px, MDA), expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-HIF-1α signaling pathway proteins (by immunohistochemistry), and gut microbiota composition (by 16S rRNA sequencing) were evaluated. <b>Results:</b> The results demonstrated that CTE significantly improved cognitive function, enhanced SOD and GSH activities, and reduced MDA levels in both hippocampus and serum. CTE also modulated the expression of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-HIF-1α pathway proteins in the hippocampus. Furthermore, CTE altered gut microbial diversity and abundance, increasing the proportion of beneficial bacteria, which may further influence hippocampal function via the gut-brain axis. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings provide scientific evidence for the application of <i>C. tubulosa</i> as a potential health supplement for high-altitude adaptation and lay a foundation for subsequent research.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"18 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13517063/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148831112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}