Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"A Review of Carbohydrate Supplementation Approaches and Strategies for Optimizing Performance in Elite Long-Distance Endurance.","authors":"Wei Cao, Yong He, Ronghua Fu, Yiru Chen, Jiabei Yu, Zihong He","doi":"10.3390/nu17050918","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbohydrate supplementation is a common practice among endurance athletes participating in long-distance competitions. However, glycogen storage regulation, in-competition blood glucose levels, and their relationship with athletic performance are influenced by multiple factors. This review summarizes the recent research progress on carbohydrate supplementation, addressing its applications in the pre-, during-, and post-competition phases. It explores variables that influence the effectiveness of carbohydrate supplementation and provides a summary of strategies, based on six key aspects: carbohydrate properties, multi-nutrient interactions, gastrointestinal function, individual differences (such as age and gender), environmental conditions, and psychological factors. The combination of different types, ratios, and concentrations of carbohydrates has been demonstrated to enhance the efficiency of carbohydrate digestion and absorption. The synergistic combination of protein, sodium, and caffeine intake demonstrates enhanced efficacy in carbohydrate supplementation strategies. Gastrointestinal tolerance training for carbohydrate supplementation has been identified as an effective measure to alleviate gastrointestinal discomfort during high-dose carbohydrate intake. The adjustment of the carbohydrate-to-fat ratio and the type of carbohydrate intake has been found to mitigate the impact of gender and menstrual cycles on glycogen storage and substrate utilization. Modifying the timing of glycogen storage and regulating the concentration and temperature of carbohydrate solutions during competition have been demonstrated to facilitate coping with the elevated energy expenditure and metabolic substrate shift from fat to carbohydrates, triggered by a combination of environmental and psychological factors, including special environmental and climatic conditions (e.g., high altitude, high temperature, high humidity, and cold) and emotional states (e.g., pre-competition stress and anxiety during the competition). To achieve precise carbohydrate supplementation for athletes in major events under various competitive environments, it is necessary to quantitatively assess the effects of carbohydrate supplementation, supported by mechanistic studies. This can be achieved by utilizing wearable devices to monitor the entire competition, coupled with data collection technologies, such as high-throughput profiling. Furthermore, emerging data analytics techniques, such as machine learning and causal inference, should be leveraged to refine supplementation strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901785/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Host Transcriptome and Microbial Variation in Relation to Visceral Hyperalgesia.","authors":"Christopher J Costa, Stephanie Prescott, Nicolaas H Fourie, Sarah K Abey, LeeAnne B Sherwin, Bridgett Rahim-Williams, Paule V Joseph, Hugo Posada-Quintero, Rebecca K Hoffman, Wendy A Henderson","doi":"10.3390/nu17050921","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic visceral hypersensitivity is associated with an overstressed pain response to noxious stimuli (hyperalgesia). Microbiota are active modulators of host biology and are implicated in the etiology of visceral hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>we studied the association between the circulating mRNA transcriptome, the intensity of induced visceral pain (IVP), and variation in the oral microbiome among participants with and without baseline visceral hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic profiles and microbial abundance were correlated with IVP intensity. Host mRNA and microbes associated with IVP were explored, linking variation in the microbiome to host RNA biology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>259 OTUs were found to be associated with IVP through correlation to differential expression of 471 genes in molecular pathways related to inflammation and neural mechanisms, including Rho and PI3K/AKT pathways. The bacterial families Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, and Veillonellaceae showed the highest degree of association. Oral microbial profiles with reduced diversity were characteristic of participants with visceral hypersensitivity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results suggest that the oral microbiome may be involved in systemic immune and inflammatory effects and play a role in nervous system and stem cell pathways. The interactions between visceral hypersensitivity, differentially expressed molecular pathways, and microbiota described here provide a framework for further work exploring the relationship between host and microbiome.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902232/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Homeostasis and Magnesium Transporters in Human Health.","authors":"Man Liu, Samuel C Dudley","doi":"10.3390/nu17050920","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050920","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnesium (Mg²⁺) used to be considered only as a passive cation associated with ATP, but this special issue reinforces the idea that Mg²⁺ has many more roles [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Precision Medicine in Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: Clinical Validation of Multi-Ancestry Polygenic Risk Scores in a U.S. Cohort.","authors":"Małgorzata Ponikowska, Paolo Di Domenico, Alessandro Bolli, George Bartholomew Busby, Emma Perez, Giordano Bottà","doi":"10.3390/nu17050926","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050926","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Polygenic risk score (PRS) quantifies the cumulative effects of common genetic variants across the genome, including both coding and non-coding regions, to predict the risk of developing common diseases. In cardiovascular medicine, PRS enhances risk stratification beyond traditional clinical risk factors, offering a precision medicine approach to coronary artery disease (CAD) prevention. This study evaluates the predictive performance of a multi-ancestry PRS framework for cardiovascular risk assessment using the All of Us (AoU) short-read whole-genome sequencing dataset comprising over 225,000 participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We developed PRSs for lipid traits (LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides) and cardiometabolic conditions (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, atrial fibrillation) and constructed two metaPRSs: one integrating lipid and cardiometabolic PRSs (risk factor metaPRS) and another incorporating CAD PRSs in addition to these risk factors (risk factor + CAD metaPRS). Predictive performance was evaluated separately for each trait-specific PRS and for both metaPRSs to assess their effectiveness in CAD risk prediction across diverse ancestries. Model predictive performance, including calibration, was assessed separately for each ancestry group, ensuring that all metrics were ancestry-specific and that PRSs remain generalizable across diverse populations Results: PRSs for lipids and cardiometabolic conditions demonstrated strong predictive performance across ancestries. The risk factors metaPRS predicted CAD risk across multiple ancestries. The addition of a CAD-specific PRS to the risk factors metaPRS improved predictive performance, highlighting a genetic component in CAD etiopathology that is not fully captured by traditional risk factors, whether clinically measured or genetically inferred. Model calibration and validation across ancestries confirmed the broad applicability of PRS-based approaches in multi-ethnic populations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PRS-based risk stratification provides a reliable, ancestry-inclusive framework for personalized cardiovascular disease prevention, enabling better targeted interventions such as pharmacological therapy and lifestyle modifications. By incorporating genetic information from both coding and non-coding regions, PRSs refine risk prediction across diverse populations, advancing the integration of genomics into precision medicine for common diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Communication Intervention to Improve Young Adults' Food Safety Practices: The Benefits of Using Congruent Framing.","authors":"Michela Vezzoli, Valentina Carfora, Patrizia Catellani","doi":"10.3390/nu17050928","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Improving food safety practices among young adults is critical to public health, but effective communication strategies are under-researched. This study investigated the effectiveness of a 12-day message-based intervention to promote safe food handling practices using a randomised controlled trial. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 588 participants (aged 18 to 35 years) were randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions or to a control group. Participants in the intervention groups received daily messages via a mobile app, while the control group received no messages. The intervention combined belief-based content to raise awareness with skill-based content to teach practical food handling, framed by either positive or negative emotional appeals. The experimental conditions differed in message congruence, with belief-based and skill-based content framed either consistently (both positive or both negative) or inconsistently (one positive, one negative). To assess the impact of the intervention, self-reported adherence to food safety practices, food safety awareness, and self-efficacy were measured at baseline and post-intervention. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the intervention significantly improved food safety practices, especially when the messages were congruent in valence. Pre-intervention self-efficacy moderated the effects, with higher self-efficacy increasing receptivity to certain messages, while lower self-efficacy benefited from a different framing. Self-efficacy, but not awareness, mediated behaviour change, highlighting its key role in the success of the intervention. <b>Conclusions:</b> These results emphasise the importance of message valence congruence and individual self-efficacy levels in designing effective food safety interventions. Future research should investigate long-term intervention effects, adaptive mHealth strategies, and tailored communication approaches to maximise engagement and sustained behaviour change.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901861/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Nutritional Supplements in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Paola Gualtieri, Giulia Frank, Rossella Cianci, Lucilla Ciancarella, Leonardo Romano, Moreno Ortoman, Giulia Bigioni, Francesco Nicoletti, Mario Isidoro Falco, Giada La Placa, Laura Di Renzo","doi":"10.3390/nu17050922","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050922","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents one of the major challenges of modern medicine, with a growing impact on public health and healthcare systems. In recent years, dietary supplements use has been the subject of increasing interest as a complementary strategy for the prevention and treatment of the disease. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: A Review of reviews was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and REAPPRAISED checklist to evaluate the efficacy and safety of supplement use in AD. The search, performed across major scientific databases, identified 54 relevant articles, including 53 reviews and one mini-review, after applying specific inclusion criteria and removing duplicates. <b>Results</b>: The growing body of evidence suggests that some supplements may help reduce cognitive decline, inflammation, and target mechanisms behind AD. However, many of these supplements are still under investigation, with mixed results highlighting the need for high-quality research. A key challenge is the lack of data on optimal dosages, administration duration, and long-term safety, which limits clinical guidelines. Some studies have reported positive effects from specific regimens, such as curcumin (800 mg/day), omega-3 fatty acids (2 g/day), and resveratrol (600 mg/day). Other supplements, like phosphatidylserine (300 mg/day), multinutrient formulations, probiotics, vitamin E (2000 IU/day), and melatonin (3-10 mg/day), also show benefits, though study variability makes conclusions uncertain. <b>Conclusions</b>: While certain supplements show potential in mitigating cognitive decline in AD, inconsistent findings and gaps in dosage and safety data highlight the need for rigorous, large-scale trials. Future research should focus on personalized, multimodal strategies integrating targeted supplementation, dietary patterns, and microbiota-gut-brain interactions for enhanced neuroprotection.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901643/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prognostic Impact of Malnutrition Evaluated via Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) in Acute Ischemic Stroke: Findings from an Inverse Probability Weighting Analysis.","authors":"Simone Dal Bello, Laura Ceccarelli, Yan Tereshko, Gian Luigi Gigli, Lucio D'Anna, Mariarosaria Valente, Giovanni Merlino","doi":"10.3390/nu17050919","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050919","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background.</b> The association between malnutrition and poor outcomes in stroke patients has, to date, been evaluated using composite scores derived from laboratory measurements. However, Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) and its advanced application, Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA), offer a non-invasive, cost-efficient, and rapid alternative. These methods enable precise assessment of body composition, nutritional status, and hydration levels, making them valuable tools in the clinical evaluation of stroke patients. <b>Objective.</b> This study aimed to compare the ordinal distribution of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days following an acute ischemic stroke, stratifying patients based on their nutritional status at the time of Stroke Unit admission, as determined by the Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) malnutrition parameter. <b>Methods.</b> We conducted a single-centre prospective observational study on all consecutive patients admitted for acute ischemic stroke to our Stroke Unit between 1 April 2024, and 30 September 2024. We applied the IPW (Inverse Probability Weighting) statistical technique and ordinal logistic regression to compare mRS scores in malnourished and non-malnourished patients. <b>Results.</b> Overall, our study included 195 patients with ischemic stroke assessed using BIVA. Of these, 37 patients (19%) were malnourished. After IPW, we found that malnourished patients had significantly lower rates of favorable 90-day functional outcomes (cOR 3.34, 95% CI 1.74-6.41; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Even after accounting for relevant covariates, malnutrition remained an independent predictor of unfavorable outcomes (acOR 2.79, 95% CI 1.37-5.70; <i>p</i> = 0.005), along with NIHSS score at admission (acOR 1.19, 95% CI 1.11-1.28; <i>p</i> < 0.001), intravenous thrombolysis (acOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.15-0.52; <i>p</i> < 0.001), absolute lymphocyte count (cOR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02; <i>p</i> = 0.027), and albumin concentration (cOR 0.82, 95% CI 0.75-0.89; <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions.</b> Malnutrition, assessed through Bioelectrical Impedance Vector Analysis (BIVA) at the time of admission to the Stroke Unit, is associated with worse clinical outcomes at 90 days following the ischemic cerebrovascular event.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen and Methane Detection in Breath in Response to Two Different Types of Dietary Fiber and Its Relationship to Postprandial Glucose Concentration in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Normoglycemic Subjects.","authors":"Inna Misnikova, Yulia Kovaleva, Svetlana Shokur, Tyler W LeBaron, Oxana Povarova, Oleg Medvedev","doi":"10.3390/nu17050917","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050917","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between postprandial glycemic levels based on flashmonitoring and the production of intestinal hydrogen (H₂) and methane (CH₄) gases based on the measurement of the amount of these gases in exhaled air. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: We studied 14 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 14 individuals without diabetes (control) with two food load tests, including two types of dietary fiber (inulin and guar gum), with the simultaneous determination of gases in exhaled air and the assessment of glucose levels. <b>Results</b>: All subjects in the control group had a significant increase in exhaled H₂. OR for increased hydrogen production in patients with T2DM was 0.17 (95% CI 0.031-0.93, <i>p</i> = 0.043). The level of H₂ in exhaled breath after food load in patients with T2DM was lower than in normoglycemic subjects. There was an inverse correlation between maximum glucose rise and maximum H₂ in exhaled air after food load in normoglycemic subjects (r = -0.569, <i>p</i> = 0.034). Patients with T2DM had direct correlations between the level of CH₄ in exhaled air and the parameters of postprandial glycemia in the lactulose test (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> The confirmation of a causal relationship between decreased H₂ production, increased intestinal CH₄ production, and more severe postprandial glycemia may identify new therapeutic targets in the correction of postprandial glycemia in patients with T2DM.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902166/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Behavioural Preferences of Spanish and German Adults and Their Translation to the Dietary Recommendations of a Personalised Nutrition App in the Framework of the Stance4Health Project.","authors":"Daniel Hinojosa-Nogueira, Beatriz Navajas-Porras, Silvia Pastoriza, Adriana Delgado-Osorio, Ángela Toledano-Marín, Sascha Rohn, José Ángel Rufián-Henares, José Javier Quesada-Granados","doi":"10.3390/nu17050912","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: The influence of individual differences in the selection of food portions can have a deep effect on recommendations for personalised nutrition. In addition to typical aspects such us energy density and nutrient composition, portion size is important for dietary recommendations. This study examined the dietary behaviours and portion size selection of 224 subjects in Spain and Germany to use such information to improve dietary adherence to a personalised nutrition app. <b>Methods</b>: An online questionnaire administered to adults in Spain and Germany collected sociodemographic data and dietary habits. The measurement of portion sizes was derived from a classification ranging from XXS to XL across 22 food groups, with assistance from a photographic atlas. <b>Results</b>: Significant differences across dimensions were found. Dietary habits showed that omnivores were the majority in both countries, with significant differences in the consumption of bread, desserts, and beverages. The Mediterranean diet was significantly followed by the Spanish group, reflecting cultural differences. Body mass index (BMI) was slightly higher among Germans, although both populations fell within the normal ranges. Portion size comparisons revealed statistically significant differences in the consumption of various food items between the two countries. Spaniards consumed higher amounts of rice, meat, and legumes, while Germans consumed larger portions of stews, lasagne, and pizza. These variations highlight differing dietary habits influenced by cultural preferences and dietary guidelines. <b>Conclusions</b>: The findings support the development of novel personalised nutrition apps that consider user preferences and enhance dietary adherence, thereby contributing to improved dietary recommendations and health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Sodium Acetate Liposomes for Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells: An Oral Dual-Targeted Therapeutic Approach for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Alleviation.","authors":"Yichao Hou, Xilong Gao, Jiahui Gong, Xinrui Dong, Yanling Hao, Zhengyuan Zhai, Hao Zhang, Ming Zhang, Rong Liu, Ran Wang, Liang Zhao","doi":"10.3390/nu17050930","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050930","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Sodium acetate (NaA) has demonstrated potential in improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by targeting hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. However, its clinical application is hindered by low oral bioavailability and insufficient liver concentrations. Liposomes, with their capacity to encapsulate water-soluble drugs and be surface-modified, offer a promising solution for targeted oral drug delivery. <b>Methods:</b> We designed NaA-loaded liposomes modified with sodium cholate (SC) and mannose (MAN) (NaA@SC/MAN-LPs) to target hepatocytes and Kupffer cells. <b>Results:</b> The NaA@SC/MAN-LPs had a mean diameter of approximately 100 nm with a positive surface charge. Compared to free NaA, NaA@SC/MAN-LPs significantly extended the serum half-life from 2.85 h to 15.58 h, substantially improving in vivo bioavailability. In vivo distribution studies revealed that NaA@SC/MAN-LPs extended the acetate peak time in the liver from 15 min to 60 min and increased hepatic acetate accumulation to 3.75 times that of free NaA. In in vitro cell experiments, NaA@SC/MAN-LPs significantly reduced the lipid droplet, triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) in a fatty acid-induced hepatocyte steatosis model and suppressed proinflammation in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated Kupffer cell inflammation model. Free NaA effectively improved hepatic lipid deposition in NAFLD mice. Furthermore, NaA@SC/MAN-LPs decreased hepatic TG, TC, and the relative area of lipid droplets by 30.44%, 15.26%, and 55.83%, compared to free NaA. Furthermore, the liposomes reduced macrophage infiltration and pro-inflammatory response. <b>Conclusions:</b> The NaA@SC/MAN-LPs demonstrated effective dual targeting effects on hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, significantly improving the pathogenesis of NAFLD, compared to free NaA. This study provides a new strategy for developing effective and safe oral drugs for NAFLD.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}