Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Evaluating Prevalence of Preterm Postnatal Growth Faltering Using Fenton 2013 and INTERGROWTH-21st Growth Charts with Logistic and Machine Learning Models.","authors":"Ioanna Kakatsaki, Nicolina Hilda Anagnostatou, Theano Roumeliotaki, Eleftherios Panteris, Theodoros Liapikos, Styliani Papanikolaou, Eleftheria Hatzidaki","doi":"10.3390/nu17101726","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101726","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Postnatal growth faltering (PGF) significantly affects premature neonates, leading to compromised neurodevelopment and an increased risk of long-term health complications. <b>Methods:</b> This retrospective study at a level III NICU of a tertiary hospital analyzed 650 preterm neonates born before 33 weeks. Postnatal growth was evaluated using the Fenton2013 and INTERGROWTH-21st growth charts, with changes in weight z-scores from birth to discharge classified as normal growth (ΔZ ≥ -1), non-severe PGF (-2 ≤ ΔZ < -1), and severe PGF (ΔZ < -2). <b>Results:</b> Mean gestational and postmenstrual age at discharge was 30 weeks (SD 1.9) and 37.1 weeks (SD 2.7), respectively. Fenton2013 growth curves revealed a higher prevalence of non-severe and severe PGF (43% and 14.6%) compared to INTERGROWTH-21st (24.5% and 10.3%). A more rapid establishment of full enteral feeds was strongly associated with reduced severe PGF prevalence in both growth charts (<i>p</i> < 0.001), as was shorter hospitalization. Late-onset sepsis was associated with an increased risk of severe PGF, while being small for gestational age (SGA) was protective against severe PGF across both growth charts (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A trend of decreasing PGF prevalence was noted over the study years, most probably attributed to the implementation of updated nutritional guidelines. Interestingly, when machine learning classification models were evaluated in our Greek cohort, a notable decline in predictive accuracy depending on the growth standard applied was observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our study highlights the need for standardizing PGF definition in an attempt to enhance nutritional management and further investigate the long-term impacts of nutritional interventions on growth, neurodevelopment, and overall health outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Processed Foods in the Food Supply: Prevalence, Nutritional Composition and Use of Voluntary Labelling Schemes.","authors":"Edvina Hafner, Maša Hribar, Igor Pravst","doi":"10.3390/nu17101731","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101731","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) represent a substantial part of modern diets, with a growing prevalence in food environments worldwide. Their unfavourable nutritional composition and adverse health effects present growing public health concerns.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study examines the prevalence of UPFs in the Slovenian food supply, their nutritional quality and the use of different food symbols and labelling schemes on food packaging. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted using the representative Slovenian branded foods database. A total of 23,173 prepacked foods and beverages were categorised into levels of processing according to the NOVA classification system. The nutritional composition of UPFs was compared to less processed products within 16 narrow subcategories. Additionally, the prevalence in the use of front-of-package nutrition labelling (FOPNL) and subjectively nutrition-related elements (SNREs) (such as EU Organic, Vegan labels etc.) were assessed across different food categories and processing levels.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results show that UPFs represent 54.5% of the available products in the Slovenian food supply, with the highest prevalence in Confectionery (93%), Bread and bakery products (83%), Meat, meat products and alternatives (77%) and Convenience foods (74%). Comparison of nutritional composition indicated that UPFs had significantly poorer nutritional composition compared to less processed counterparts, including higher levels of sugar, salt and saturated fats, and a lower protein content. Breakfast cereals, Snack foods, Meat alternatives and Pre-prepared salads and sandwiches showed the most significant differences between UPFs and less processed counterparts. Analysis of the prevalence of symbols and labelling schemes revealed that 33.8% of products carried at least one FOPNL (15.0%) or SNRE (19.1%), with SNREs being more prevalent on less processed products and FOPNL predominantly used on UPFs (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The most prevalent SNRE was the EU Organic logo (12.7%), followed by the Vegan (4.7%) and Non-GMO (3.1%) logos, whereas the most frequent FOPNL was Reference Intakes (RI), presenting only energy value RI-Energy (12.5%), followed by nutrient-specific RI (1.6%), while other FOPNL were scarce and limited to certain categories. An additional comparison of visual presentation highlighted the potentially selective use of voluntary FOPNL to improve product framing. This raises concerns about their role in guiding consumer choices versus serving as marketing tools, especially when it comes to UPFs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the need for monitoring UPFs in the food supply together with harmonised, mandatory labelling regulations to ensure transparency and empower consumers to make healthier choices.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Shu et al. Relationship between Circulating 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and Metabolic Syndrome in Chinese Adults: A Large Nationwide Longitudinal Study. <i>Nutrients</i> 2024, <i>16</i>, 1480.","authors":"Mi Shu, Yue Xi, Jie Wu, Lai-Bao Zhuo, Yan Yan, Yi-Duo Yang, Yue-Yue Feng, Hua-Qiao Tan, Hui-Fang Yang, Yu-Ming Chen","doi":"10.3390/nu17101728","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The following two errors were identified in the main text [1]: In the Results section (3 [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114229/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Weizmannia Coagulans</i> BC99 Prevents Loperamide-Induced Functional Constipation in Mice Through Increased Intestinal Peristalsis and Modulation of Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.","authors":"Cheng Li, Ying Wu, Hua Liang, Yao Dong, Shuguang Fang, Pan-Young Jeong, Hye-Rim Kim, Shaobin Gu","doi":"10.3390/nu17101729","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> Constipation is one of the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Recent studies have demonstrated that probiotics may alleviate constipation by restoring gut microbiota balance. <b>Methods:</b> This study investigated the effects of <i>Weizmannia coagulans</i> BC99 (formerly <i>Bacillus coagulans</i> BC99) on gut microbiota and intestinal function in a loperamide-induced mouse model of functional constipation. BALB/c mice were randomly divided into six groups: control, model, phenolphthalein, BC99-L (2 × 10⁷ CFU/day), BC99-M (2 × 10⁸ CFU/day), and BC99-H (2 × 10⁹ CFU/day). After 14 days of supplementation, constipation was induced in mice via loperamide administration. <b>Results:</b> BC99 significantly increased fecal water content, gastrointestinal transit rate, microbial metabolic activity, and butyric acid production, while decreasing the abundance of inflammation-related metabolic pathways. Moreover, BC99 improved levels of gastrointestinal regulatory peptides, including motilin and somatostatin. The Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio was elevated in the BC99-M and the BC99-H group compared to the model group, indicating that BC99 effectively modulated gut microbiota composition and host biosynthetic pathways. <b>Conclusions:</b><i>Weizmannia coagulans</i> BC99 alleviated and prevented loperamide-induced functional constipation in mice by enhancing intestinal peristalsis and restoring gut microbial homeostasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Mediterranean Diet Adherence During Pregnancy on Preeclampsia, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, and Excessive Gestational Weight Gain: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Sukshma Sharma, Simona Esposito, Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Alessandro Gialluisi, Paola De Domenico, Giovanni de Gaetano, Marialaura Bonaccio, Licia Iacoviello","doi":"10.3390/nu17101723","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>There is limited evidence on the association between maternal Mediterranean diet (MD) adherence and risks of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and excessive gestational weight gain (eGWG), and hence a systematic review of observational studies and randomized controlled trials was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 30,930 articles from the Scopus, EMBASE, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases were identified, published between January 2000 and April 2025. The National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool and the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0 were used to assess the quality of seven studies (one each were case-control and cross-sectional, three were RCTs, and two were prospective cohort studies).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, the studies examined the risks of preeclampsia (four studies), GDM (five studies), and eGWG (three studies). Only one prospective cohort study out of four reported that MD adherence was associated with lower risk of preeclampsia (OR 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64 to 0.96 for highest vs. lowest tertile). MD adherence was associated with decreased risk of GDM in the intervention groups in four studies (two RCTs (OR: 0.75, 95% CI 0.57 to 0.98 and OR: 0.72, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.97) and one each of cross-sectional (OR: 2.32; 95% CI 2.13 to 2.57 for a 1-point decrease in the dietary score) and case-control studies (high Vs. low MD adherence: OR: 0.20, 95% CI 0.50 to 0.70)). MD adherence was associated with decreased risk of eGWG in two studies: one RCT (RR: 0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.96 for a 1-point increment in the MD score) and one cross-sectional study (OR: 1.78; 95% CI 1.51 to 2.02 for a 1-point decrease in the MD score).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Findings indicated the protective associations between MD adherence and GDM and eGWG risks but not for preeclampsia.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of High-Sensitivity <i>C</i>-Reactive Protein in Activities of Daily Living Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Prospective Cohort Study.","authors":"Shu-Min Lai, Ling Kuang, Xu-Lian Tang, Cheng-Shen Qiu, Hong-Xuan Huang, Dan-Qing Liao, Hong-Min Li, Li-Ying Du, Zhi-Yuan Xiong, Bing-Yun Zhang, Hao-Jie Chen, Zhi-Hao Li","doi":"10.3390/nu17101732","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101732","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> The association between high-sensitivity <i>C</i>-reactive protein (hsCRP) and activities of daily living (ADL) disability remains unclear. Our study aimed to comprehensively explore the relationship between hsCRP concentrations and the risk of ADL disability, while also identifying potential modifiers of this association in middle-aged and older adults. <b>Methods:</b> We conducted a prospective study involving 16,342 participants aged 50 years and older (mean age: 64 ± 10 years) from the Health and Retirement Study. To investigate the longitudinal association between hsCRP and the risk of ADL disability, we employed Cox proportional hazard regression models, adjusting for a wide range of potential confounders. Subgroups analyses were further conducted to examine interactions across factors such as gender, age, body mass index, smoking status, and drinking status. <b>Results:</b> This study involved a follow-up of 125,858 person-years (median of 8 years; interquartile range: 4-12 years), revealing a total of 4579 incidents of ADL disability. The highest hsCRP concentration was significantly associated with ADL disability after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.25; confidence interval [CI] = 1.14-1.36). The associations between hsCRP and the risk of ADL disability seemed to be somewhat stronger among individuals aged < 65 years and with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m² (both <i>p</i> for interaction < 0.05). <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings indicated that elevated hsCRP concentrations are associated with an increased risk of ADL disability in middle-aged and older adults. HsCRP appears to serve as a biomarker for ADL disability, particularly among individuals with obesity and middle-aged adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maternal and Fetal Consequences of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Thora Y Chai, Jacob George, Dharmintra Pasupathy, Ngai Wah Cheung, Victoria L Rudland","doi":"10.3390/nu17101730","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) during pregnancy are emerging as an adverse synergistic relationship of growing concern. This narrative review focuses on the maternal and fetal consequences associated with women who have MAFLD and/or GDM during pregnancy, including an exploration of long-term cardiometabolic risks for postpartum maternal and childhood health. We conclude that implementation of a life course approach to management of these high-risk women remains paramount.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113809/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sweet Drinks, Sour Consequences: The Impact of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages on Sperm Health, a Narrative Review.","authors":"Winnie Khine Yi Win, Maverick Wenhao Wong, Paula Benny, Zhongwei Huang","doi":"10.3390/nu17101733","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Introduction:</b> The rising global consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has paralleled a concerning decline in sperm quality, raising concern about potential dietary impacts on male fertility. Sperm health parameters, including count, motility, and morphology, are critical indicators of reproductive potential and may be adversely affected by excessive sugar intake. This narrative review consolidates the current evidence on the association between SSB consumption and sperm health, highlighting potential biological mechanisms. <b>Methods:</b> A targeted literature search across PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar was conducted, utilising keywords \"sugar-sweetened beverages\", \"sperm health\", and related terms. A total of 11 eligible observational and cohort studies were selected. Studies focusing solely on animal models or unrelated dietary factors were excluded. <b>Results:</b> The primary research consistently reports a negative association between high SSB consumption and sperm parameters, including reduced count and motility, and increased DNA fragmentation. Potential mechanisms include oxidative stress, hormonal dysregulation, and metabolic dysfunction linked to obesity and insulin resistance. However, variability in study design, exposure assessment, and population demographics limits generalisability of the results. <b>Conclusions:</b> The current evidence suggests that regular SSB consumption adversely affects male reproductive health through oxidative damage and hormonal imbalances. These findings underscore the importance of public health strategies to reduce SSB intake, especially among young men of reproductive age. Further longitudinal studies with standardised methodologies, particularly in underrepresented populations such as Asian cohorts, are necessary to establish causal relationships and guide clinical recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113966/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power of Databases in Unraveling the Nutrition-Health Connection.","authors":"Andreu Farran-Codina, Mireia Urpí-Sardà","doi":"10.3390/nu17101725","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human activities across different sectors produce large volumes of relevant nutritional information [...].</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12114043/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing Food Allergies in Dining Establishments: Challenges and Innovative Solutions.","authors":"George N Konstantinou, Ourania Pampoukidou, Daniel Sergelidis, Maria Fotoulaki","doi":"10.3390/nu17101737","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17101737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Food allergies represent a growing public health concern, with accidental exposures in dining establishments posing significant risks. Although various guidelines and interventions have been proposed, practical implementation remains challenging. <b>Objectives:</b> This narrative review aims to synthesize current evidence on major hazards in allergen management within dining settings and to evaluate emerging solutions designed to protect allergic consumers. <b>Methods:</b> A comprehensive literature search of peer-reviewed articles, surveillance reports, guidelines, and policy documents published in April 2025 was undertaken in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies were selected based on relevance to allergen management in dining establishments. An inductive thematic synthesis was performed, and a basic quality appraisal was conducted to prioritize stronger evidence. <b>Results:</b> Three major hazard themes-hidden allergens, cross-contamination during food preparation, and poor communication between staff and allergic consumers-were identified from the reviewed literature. Emerging interventions included enhanced staff training, improved allergen labeling practices, and the application of digital technologies such as smartphone apps and rapid allergen detection devices. However, inconsistencies in implementation and a lack of systematic validation limit the effectiveness of these approaches. <b>Conclusions:</b> Mitigating food allergy risk in dining establishments requires an integrated approach that combines strict kitchen controls with continuous staff education, transparent labeling, clear communication, and supportive policies. While promising interventions exist, more research is required to validate their effectiveness and to encourage standardized, widespread implementation to ensure the safety of individuals with food allergies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12113666/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144160835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}