Nutrients最新文献

{"title":"Gene-Lifestyle Interactions in Renal Dysfunction: Polygenic Risk Modulation via Plant-Based Diets, Coffee Intake, and Bioactive Compound Interactions.","authors":"Meiling Liu, Da-Sol Kim, Sunmin Park","doi":"10.3390/nu17050916","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050916","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> This study aimed to investigate genetic variants associated with the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and their interactions with lifestyle factors and bioactive compounds in large hospital-based cohorts, assessing their impact on renal dysfunction risk. <b>Methods:</b> Participants were categorized into two groups based on eGFR: High-GFR (control; <i>n</i> = 51,084) and Low-GFR (renal dysfunction; <i>n</i> = 7617), using an eGFR threshold of 60 mL/min/1.73 m². Genetic variants were identified through a genome-wide association analysis, and their interactions with lifestyle factors were assessed a using generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) analysis. Additionally, interactions between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and nutrient intake were examined. <b>Results:</b> Low eGFR was associated with higher urinary protein levels (4.67-fold) and correlated with a Western-style diet and with saturated fat, arginine, and isoleucine intakes but not sodium intake. The genetic model for low eGFR included variants linked to energy production and amino acid metabolism, such as rs1047891_<i>CPS1</i>, rs3770636_<i>LRP2</i>, rs5020545_<i>SHROOM3</i>, rs3812036_<i>SLC34A1</i>, and rs4715517_<i>HCRTR2</i>. A high PRS was associated with a 1.78-fold increased risk of low eGFR after adjusting for sociodemographic and lifestyle factors. The PRS from the 6-SNP model interacted with plant-based diets (PBDs) and coffee intake, where individuals with higher PBD and coffee consumption had a lower risk of renal dysfunction. Additionally, <i>CPS1</i> rs1047891 interacted with vitamin D intake (<i>p</i> = 0.0436), where the risk allele was linked to lower eGFR with low vitamin D intake but not with high intake. Molecular docking showed that vitamin D3 had a lower binding energy to the CPS1 mutant type (-9.9 kcal/mol) than the wild type (-7.5 kcal/mol), supporting a potential gene-nutrient interaction influencing renal function. <b>Conclusions:</b> Middle-aged and elderly individuals with a high genetic risk for renal dysfunction may benefit from a plant-based diet, moderate coffee consumption, and sufficient vitamin D intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing and Testing a User-Focused, Web GIS-Based Food Asset Map for an Under-Resourced Community in Northeastern Connecticut.","authors":"Xiran Chen, Manije Darooghegi Mofrad, Sydney Clements, Kate Killion, Thess Johnson, Xiang Chen, Donna Zigmont, Daniela C Avelino, Brenda Lituma-Solis, Michael J Puglisi, Valerie B Duffy, Ock K Chun","doi":"10.3390/nu17050911","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050911","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Access to healthy and affordable food remains a challenge for under-resourced communities due to uneven food distribution and the need for reliable transportation. This study developed and evaluated an interactive Geographic Information System (GIS)-based food asset map for a low-income community in Windham, Connecticut to improve awareness of food resources and expand opportunities for fresh food access. <b>Methods:</b> Using the human-centered design (HCD) framework and the Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD) model, the map integrates food locations, transportation routes, and assistance eligibility. Internal pilot testing (n = 8) identified usability issues, leading to updates such as mobile compatibility and user guides. Usability testing (n = 74) assessed navigation performance and user feedback through task-based evaluations and surveys. Categorical map usability, sociodemographic, diet, and health characteristics were tested for participants with food security (yes/no) or digital literacy (passed/failed). <b>Results:</b> Food-secure participants showed higher usability success than food-insecure individuals (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while those relying on food assistance faced greater challenges (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Individuals rating their diet as \"very good/excellent\" were most likely to pass the map usability testing (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas younger, college-educated, employed participants and those with vehicles trended toward passing (<i>p</i> < 0.1). Participants generally reported the map easy to navigate, especially those with food security. <b>Conclusions:</b> The asset map promotes food resource awareness and addresses barriers such as limited public transportation information. Additional efforts are needed to support food-insecure users in utilizing digital food access resources. This study contributes to initiatives to improve food access, digital inclusion, and community engagement in under-resourced communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901811/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential Roles of Exogenous Proteases and Lipases as Prebiotics.","authors":"Yongshou Yang, Thanutchaporn Kumrungsee, Yukako Okazaki, Toshiro Watanabe, Junji Inoue, Takafumi Iguchi, Shinji Fukuda, Manabu Kuroda, Kyoichi Nishio, Shotaro Yamaguchi, Norihisa Kato","doi":"10.3390/nu17050924","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050924","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digestive enzymes, such as proteases and lipases, are widely recognized for their crucial roles in the ripening and production of fermented foods. Digestive enzymes are also used as supplements in nonruminant livestock to enhance feed digestion and promote animal growth. However, information on the effects of exogenous digestive enzymes on gut health and disease remains limited. Notably, recent studies show that consuming proteases and lipases can increase the levels of beneficial bacteria and short-chain fatty acids in rodent gut. These findings led us to hypothesize that intestinal proteases and lipases play beneficial roles by enriching beneficial bacteria. To examine this hypothesis, we reviewed recent studies on the potential effects of exogenous digestive enzymes on gut microbiota composition and overall health. Consistent with the hypothesis, all 13 studies in this review reported significant improvements in animal gut microbiota composition with the dietary supplementation of proteases and lipases. Additionally, the possible mechanisms of the prebiotic-like effects of the enzymes through increased nutrient digestion were discussed. This review explores how exogenous proteases and lipases influence gut microbiota composition and overall health. This is the first review to provide insights into the potential roles of exogenous digestive enzymes as prebiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902181/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Short- and Long-Term Effects of a Short Course of Sauerkraut Supplementation on the Gut Microbiota of Active Athletes: A Pilot Follow-Up Study.","authors":"Jadran Zonjić, Andrija Karačić, Ivona Brodić, Antonio Starčević, Ira Renko, Željko Krznarić, Matija Ivančić, Ana-Marija Liberati Pršo, Zvonimir Šatalić","doi":"10.3390/nu17050929","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives</b>: The application of whole fermented foods in sports nutrition for gut microbiota personalization is a promising area of investigation. Sauerkraut, a traditional fermented food, has not been extensively studied in this context. This study aimed to replicate earlier findings of a proof-of-concept study on the potential of sauerkraut for gut microbiota personalization in active athletes. <b>Methods</b>: A pilot follow-up study was conducted on active recreational athletes who consumed 250 g of organic pasteurized sauerkraut daily for 10 days. Changes in gut microbiota composition and functionality were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolic pathway analysis across three time points: pre-intervention, postintervention, and one-month postintervention. Laboratory parameters, bowel function, and side effects were monitored throughout the study. <b>Results</b>: In total, 11 male participants with an average age of 30 years completed the study. The pilot follow-up study did not replicate the original study's findings on sauerkraut's short-term effects on β-diversity and taxonomic and functional groups. However, long-term effects of sauerkraut supplementation were demonstrated, including a significant reduction in α-diversity variance and increased gut microbiota composition similarity (β-diversity) as well as several significant changes in bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways after a washout period. The intervention also induced a transient decrease in B12 vitamin levels and a short- and long-term increase in leukocyte concentrations. The probability for physiological types of stools increased after one week of sauerkraut supplementation as well as the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects, such as bloating, diarrhea, pain, nausea, and constipation. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study suggests that the short-term effects on the gut microbiota of sauerkraut supplementation depend on its baseline status, but it can induce long-term effects. Sauerkraut supplementation requires a seven-day adaptation period. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind the short- and long-term effects of sauerkraut supplementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901685/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143615984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Components, Nutrients, and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of <i>Centranthera grandiflora</i> Benth Extracts.","authors":"Wenjuan Yuan, Xinlan Liu, Xinting Wang, Zejin Nian, Xiaoyun Wu, Chengting Zi, Sha Xu, Xiaojing Shen, Xuanjun Wang","doi":"10.3390/nu17050925","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong><i>Centranthera grandiflora</i> Benth is commonly utilized in China to take advantage of its purported health benefits.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, the chemical composition, nutritional value, and bioactivity of <i>C. grandiflora</i> Benth extract (CGE) are characterized, and the mechanisms through which it functions were explored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CGE was found to exhibit a favorable nutritional and biosafety profile, especially due to its high amino acid and mineral contents. A UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF/MS approach identified 20 compounds. Through network pharmacology analyses, the antioxidant activity of CGE was found to be mediated through the PI3K/Akt pathway, with molecular docking results providing support for mussaenoside and azafrin as important bioactive compounds. At the cellular level, antioxidant activity of key protective antioxidants including GSH-Px and SOD while suppressing ROS accumulation, levels of damage-related factors (MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), and iNOS and COX-2 in RAW264.7 cells treated with LPS. These findings offer potential evidence for using CGE to lower oxidative stress and inflammation. Further analyses demonstrated the ability of CGE to promote Nrf2 and HO-1 upregulation, whereas Keap1 levels were suppressed, as were PI3K/Akt/NF-κB proteins. In light of these results, CGE appears to be able to act via simultaneously enhancing Nrf2/HO-1 activity and reducing that of PI3K/Akt/NF-κB.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CGE, as a rich source of iridoid glycosides and other nutrients, may thus be a valuable dietary supplement for use in food applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901887/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-Term Magnesium Supplementation Has Modest Detrimental Effects on Cycle Ergometer Exercise Performance and Skeletal Muscle Mitochondria and Negligible Effects on the Gut Microbiota: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial.","authors":"Matthew C Bomar, Taylor R Ewell, Reagan L Brown, David M Brown, Beatrice S Kwarteng, Kieran S S Abbotts, Hannah M Butterklee, Natasha N B Williams, Scott D Wrigley, Maureen A Walsh, Karyn L Hamilton, David P Thomson, Tiffany L Weir, Christopher Bell","doi":"10.3390/nu17050915","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Although the importance of magnesium for overall health and physiological function is well established, its influence on exercise performance is less clear. The primary study objective was to determine the influence of short-term magnesium supplementation on cycle ergometer exercise performance. The hypothesis was that magnesium would elicit an ergogenic effect. <b>Methods:</b> A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover design was used to study men and women who were regular exercisers. Fifteen participants ingested either a placebo or magnesium chloride (MgCl₂ 300 mg) twice per day, for 9 days, separated by a 3-week washout. During days 8 and 9, participants completed a battery of cycle ergometer exercise tests, and whole blood, vastus lateralis, and stools were sampled. The primary outcomes were the maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max), a simulated 10 km time trial, and the sprint exercise performance. Additional outcomes included skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration, and, on account of the known laxative effects of magnesium, the gut microbiota diversity. <b>Results:</b> Compared with a placebo, MgCl₂ supplementation increased the circulating ionized Mg concentration (<i>p</i> < 0.03), decreased the VO_2max (44.4 ± 7.7 vs. 41.3 ± 8.0 mL/kg/min; <i>p</i> = 0.005), and decreased the mean power output during a 30 s sprint (439 ± 88 vs. 415 ± 88 W; <i>p</i> = 0.03). The 10 km time trial was unaffected (1282 ± 126 vs. 1281 ± 97 s; <i>p</i> = 0.89). In skeletal muscle, MgCl₂ decreased mitochondrial respiration in the presence of fatty acids at complex II (<i>p</i> = 0.04). There were no significant impacts on the gut microbiota richness (CHAO1; <i>p</i> = 0.68), Shannon's Diversity (<i>p</i> = 0.23), or the beta-diversity (Bray-Curtis distances; <i>p</i> = 0.74). <b>Conclusions:</b> In summary, magnesium supplementation had modest ergolytic effects on cycle ergometer exercise performance and mitochondrial respiration. We recommend that regular exercisers, free from hypomagnesemia, should not supplement their diet with magnesium.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901567/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Tartrazine on DNA Methylation, Histone Deacetylation, and Genomic Stability in Human Cell Lines.","authors":"Afshin Zand, John M Macharia, Istvan Szabó, Gellért Gerencsér, Ádám Molnár, Bence L Raposa, Timea Varjas","doi":"10.3390/nu17050913","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objectives: </strong>Tartrazine (TRZ), a synthetic red azo dye derived from coal tar, is widely used as a food colorant in various food products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. This study aims to investigate the impact of TRZ on the expression levels of DNA methyltransferases (<i>DNMT1</i>, <i>DNMT3a</i>, and <i>DNMT3b</i>) and histone deacetylases (<i>HDAC5</i> and <i>HDAC6</i>). Additionally, we evaluate genomic DNA stability using the alkaline comet assay in three human cell lines: immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT), human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), and human lung adenocarcinoma (A549). The research question focuses on whether TRZ exposure alters epigenetic regulation and DNA integrity, potentially implicating its role in carcinogenesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The selected human cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of TRZ (20 µM, 40 µM, and 80 µM), with DMBA serving as a positive control. After treatment, we quantified the expression levels of <i>DNMT1</i>, <i>DNMT3a</i>, <i>DNMT3b</i>, <i>HDAC5</i>, and <i>HDAC6</i> using quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, we assessed DNA fragmentation via the alkaline comet assay to determine the extent of DNA damage resulting from TRZ exposure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our findings indicate that TRZ significantly upregulates the expression of <i>HDAC5</i>, <i>HDAC6</i>, <i>DNMT1</i>, <i>DNMT3a</i>, and <i>DNMT3b</i> in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, TRZ exposure leads to a notable increase in DNA damage, as evidenced by elevated tail moments across all examined human cell lines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that TRZ may play a role in carcinogenesis and epigenetic modifications. The observed upregulation of <i>DNMTs</i> and <i>HDACs</i>, coupled with increased DNA damage, highlights the potential risks associated with TRZ exposure. Further research is necessary to explore these mechanisms and assess their implications for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902176/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Stress Effects of <i>Tremella fuciformis</i> Berk. Enzymatic Extracts: A Preclinical Study.","authors":"Gahye Moon, Nodir Rustamov, Junhang Park, Hanseul Park, Kumju Park, Eun Hye Choi, Yoon-Seok Roh","doi":"10.3390/nu17050914","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050914","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Chronic stress disrupts neurochemical balance, triggers inflammation, and compromises neuronal integrity, contributing to the development of stress-related disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the preventative effects of <i>Tremella fuciformis</i> Berk (TF) enzymatic extracts on chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced behavioral, neurochemical, and inflammatory dysfunctions in mice. <b>Methods:</b> Male C57BL/6N mice were administered TF at doses of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg daily via oral gavage for 21 days during CRS exposure. Behavioral assessments, including anxiety and depression-like behavior tests, were conducted. Neurochemical and inflammatory markers were analyzed using PCR and ELISA, while histological examinations of hippocampal regions were performed to assess neuronal integrity. In vitro assays evaluated neuronal cell viability, protection against corticosterone (CORT)-induced cytotoxicity, and inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. <b>Results:</b> TF supplementation alleviated CRS-induced weight loss, normalized serum CORT levels, increased locomotor activity, reduced immobility time, and decreased anxiety-like behaviors. TF upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA, downregulated pro-inflammatory markers (CXCL2, iNOS, IFNG), and mitigated neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus. In vitro, TF improved neuronal cell viability, protected against CORT-induced cytotoxicity, and significantly inhibited MAO activity, particularly MAO-A. <b>Conclusions:</b> These findings demonstrate the neuroprotective and anti-stress effects of <i>Tremella fuciformis</i> Berk enzymatic extracts, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic intervention for stress-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Milk Exosome-Based Delivery System for Probiotic Encapsulation That Enhances the Gastrointestinal Resistance and Adhesion of Probiotics.","authors":"Linlin Hao, Yinxue Liu, Ignatius Man-Yau Szeto, Haining Hao, Tai Zhang, Tongjie Liu, Huaxi Yi","doi":"10.3390/nu17050923","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050923","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oral administration of probiotics is a promising strategy to regulate the host-intestinal flora balance and improve health. Nevertheless, adverse gastrointestinal (GI) conditions affect the activity of free native probiotics. In this study, a novel probiotic encapsulation system based on milk exosomes (mExos) and DSPE-PEG-PBA was developed. mExos acted as a shield to protect probiotics from harsh GI environments, and DSPE-PEG-PBA served as a bridge between mExos and probiotics. The coated probiotics were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and intrinsic fluorescence spectra. The results showed three probiotics (<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> (AKK), <i>Bifidobacterium animalis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> BB-12 (BB12), and <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> Q7 (Q7)) were coated with mExos@DSPE-PEG-PBA, with encapsulation rates of 90.37 ± 0.45%, 84.47 ± 1.22%, and 70.93 ± 2.39%, respectively. This encapsulation not only preserved the growth activity of the probiotics but also provided robust protection against the detrimental effects of acidic pH, bile salts, and digestive enzymes. The encapsulated strains Q7, BB12, and AKK demonstrated survival rates of 80.99 ± 0.41%, 85.28 ± 0.20%, and 94.53 ± 0.26%, respectively, in an in vitro simulated GI environment. The mExos@DSPE-PEG-PBA-encapsulated probiotics exhibited enhanced hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation capacity, accompanied by a significant improvement in mucoadhesive properties, which collectively potentiated their colonization potential within the gastrointestinal tract. These findings substantiate the potential of mExos as an encapsulation platform for probiotics, providing valuable insights into the selection of exosomes as encapsulating agents to enhance probiotic viability and mucoadhesive capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Status and Its Impact on Treatment Tolerance in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Osimertinib.","authors":"Claudia Barca-Díez, Regina Palmeiro-Carballa, Susana Castro-Luaces, Maria Susana Fortes-González, Silvia Vazquez-Blanco, Noemi Martínez-López-De-Castro, Natividad Lago-Rivero","doi":"10.3390/nu17050927","DOIUrl":"10.3390/nu17050927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Between 35% and 65% of NSCLC patients experience nutritional problems or malnutrition, which significantly affects their prognosis and quality of life. This study aims to describe the nutritional status and body composition of NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, while also assessing the prevalence of sarcopenia, presarcopenia, and dynapenia. Additionally, we explore the relationship between dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and nutritional status, as well as the impact of nutritional status on quality of life using the EQ-5D scale. <b>Methods</b>: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 25 adult patients diagnosed with NSCLC treated with osimertinib under pharmacotherapeutic follow-up in the Pharmacy Consultations of a tertiary-level hospital. Anthropometric parameters, body composition (via bioimpedance analysis), and muscle functionality (via dynamometry) were assessed. Quality of life was evaluated using the EQ-5D scale. <b>Results</b>: The results showed that 36% of patients were malnourished, 4% had sarcopenia, 8% were presarcopenic, and 20% had dynapenia. Patients with DLTs exhibited significantly lower values of fat-free mass and the fat-free mass index, suggesting a relationship between low muscle mass and increased toxicities. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings underscore the importance of early, individualized nutritional interventions in NSCLC patients treated with osimertinib to improve nutritional status and optimize oncological outcomes. Further research with larger cohorts and longitudinal designs is necessary to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":19486,"journal":{"name":"Nutrients","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901973/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143616602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}